R410A low-GWP substitute refrigerant, and preparation method and application of R410A low-GWP substitute refrigerant

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of refrigerants, and particularly relates to an R410A low-GWP substitute refrigerant as well as a preparation method and application of the R410A low-GWP substitute refrigerant. The alternative refrigerant is a near-azeotropic mixture and is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 85 to 95 parts of difluoromethane (R32), 3 to 7 parts of trifluoroethylene (R1123) and 3 to 7 parts of hexafluoropropylene (R1216). The refrigerant disclosed by the invention has the characteristics of good environmental protection property, high refrigerating capacity per unit volume, small temperature slippage and excellent thermodynamic property, and is particularly suitable for direct replacement of a refrigerating system, and the existing equipment does not need to be transformed.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The application belongs to the technical field of refrigerants, and particularly relates to a low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A, a preparation method and application thereof. BACKGROUND

[0002] R410A refrigerant is a HFC mixed refrigerant widely used in air conditioning and heat pump systems, and its main components are 50% of R32 (difluoromethane) and 50% of R125 (pentafluoroethane). Although R410A has excellent refrigeration performance, its GWP value is relatively high (about 2088). In addition, although R32 has a lower GWP (about 675), it has a slight flammability (A2L safety level), and the exhaust temperature is relatively high; the GWP of R125 alone is extremely high (about 3500), and the refrigeration efficiency is poor; the GWP of R1216 (hexafluoropropylene) alone is extremely low (<1), but the thermophysical properties are quite different from R410A, and the system compatibility is poor.

[0003] Existing alternatives such as R32, R452B and R454B, although there are some improvements in GWP or safety, but there are problems such as flammability, limited reduction of GWP or large temperature glide. Therefore, it is an urgent need for the air conditioning industry to develop a low-GWP, high-performance, safe and R410A system compatible alternative refrigerant. The purpose of the present application is to provide a new near-azeotropic mixed refrigerant, which has a significantly lower GWP value than R410A, while maintaining similar thermodynamic performance and operating characteristics, which is optimized for refrigeration systems. SUMMARY

[0004] In order to solve the problems of the prior art, the application provides a low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A for a refrigeration system, a preparation method and application thereof. The refrigerant has low global warming potential (GWP), high energy efficiency and good system compatibility, and is suitable for directly replacing R410A.

[0005] The technical solutions provided by the application are as follows: A low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A for a refrigeration system comprises the following components by weight: 85-95 parts of difluoromethane (R32), 3-7 parts of trifluoroethylene (R1123), and 3-7 parts of hexafluoropropylene (R1216).

[0006] Based on the above technical solutions: The refrigerant provided by the application has the advantages of a global warming potential reduced by about 65-72% compared with the existing HFC-410A refrigerant, and a unit volume refrigeration capacity and COP equivalent or slightly better; The refrigerant provided by the application has higher safety (combustibility is inhibited by R1216), lower theoretical exhaust temperature, significantly reduced GWP value and improved refrigeration efficiency compared with using difluoromethane alone. The refrigerant provided by the application has higher safety (combustibility is inhibited by R1216), lower theoretical exhaust temperature, significantly reduced GWP value and improved refrigeration efficiency compared with using difluoromethane alone. The refrigerant provided by the application has higher safety (combustibility is inhibited by R1216), lower theoretical exhaust temperature, significantly reduced GWP value and improved refrigeration efficiency compared with using difluoromethane alone.

[0007] Preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 90-95 parts of difluoromethane, 5-7 parts of trifluoroethylene and 5-7 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0008] Preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 90-95 parts of difluoromethane, 5-7 parts of trifluoroethylene and 5-7 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0009] Preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 90-95 parts of difluoromethane, 5-7 parts of trifluoroethylene and 5-7 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0010] Preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 90-95 parts of difluoromethane, 5-7 parts of trifluoroethylene and 5-7 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0011] More preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 95 parts of difluoromethane, 7 parts of trifluoroethylene and 7 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0012] More preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 90 parts of difluoromethane, 5 parts of trifluoroethylene and 5 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0013] More preferably, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A comprises the following components by weight: 85 parts of difluoromethane, 3 parts of trifluoroethylene and 3 parts of hexafluoropropylene.

[0014] Specifically, the low-GWP alternative refrigerant of R410A is any combination of the following components by weight: The amount of difluoromethane is 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93 or 94; The amount of trifluoroethylene is 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7; The hexafluoropropylene is in parts of 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7.

[0015] This invention also provides a method for preparing the low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A, comprising the following steps: According to the stated weight ratio, gaseous or liquid difluoromethane, trifluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene are injected into a pressure-resistant container at room temperature. They are then mixed uniformly in the liquid phase using a physical mixing method. After standing, the near-azeotropic R410A alternative refrigerant can be obtained.

[0016] The present invention also provides the application of the above-mentioned low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A for replacing R410A refrigerant in air-cooled systems, water-cooled systems or heat pump systems in refrigeration systems.

[0017] The beneficial effects of this invention are as follows: 1. The GWP value of the refrigerant of this invention is significantly reduced by about 65-72% compared with R410A, which has outstanding environmental advantages and is in line with the future development direction of refrigerants; 2. The refrigerant has an extremely low glide temperature and is a near-azeotropic mixture. It is stable in the system and its components are not easily separated. 3. Compared with HFC-410A, the refrigerant of this invention has a higher latent heat of vaporization and a comparable or higher refrigeration capacity per unit volume, resulting in higher system energy efficiency; 4. The evaporation pressure and condensation pressure of the refrigerant are very close to those of HFC-410A, and the viscosity characteristics are similar. The compressor refrigeration oil can be used interchangeably (POE oil can usually be used), making it easy to directly replace the refrigerant. 5. The theoretical exhaust temperature is similar to or slightly higher than that of R410A, but within a controllable range; 6. The ODP (Ozone Depletion Potential) is zero, meaning it does not damage the ozone layer; 7. By adjusting the formula, GWP, refrigeration performance and safety can be flexibly balanced. Detailed Implementation

[0018] The principles and features of the present invention are described below. The embodiments given are only for explaining the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0019] Unless otherwise specified, the test methods used in the embodiments are conventional methods; unless otherwise specified, the materials and reagents used are commercially available.

[0020] Example 1 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 88 parts difluoromethane, 6 parts trifluoroethylene, and 6 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0021] The refrigerant preparation method is as follows: According to the above proportions, high-purity difluoromethane (R32), trifluoroethylene (R1123), and hexafluoropropylene (R1216) raw materials are precisely measured sequentially and injected into a clean, dry, pressure-resistant steel cylinder at room temperature (20-25℃) and in a liquid phase. After evacuating the cylinder to remove air, a small amount of inert gas (such as nitrogen) is introduced for cleaning, and then the cylinder is evacuated again. Finally, the mixed working fluid is filled into the cylinder and placed on a rolling mixer for at least 2 hours to ensure uniform mixing of all components. After standing for 24 hours, it is ready for use.

[0022] Example 2 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 92 parts difluoromethane, 4 parts trifluoroethylene, and 4 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0023] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0024] Example 3 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 86 parts difluoromethane, 7 parts trifluoroethylene, and 7 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0025] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0026] Example 4 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 94 parts difluoromethane, 3 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0027] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0028] Example 5 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant for R410A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts difluoromethane, 3 parts trifluoroethylene, and 7 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0029] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0030] Example 6 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts difluoromethane, 7 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0031] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0032] Example 7 A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts difluoromethane, 3 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3 parts hexafluoropropylene.

[0033] The refrigerant is prepared as follows: same as in Example 1.

[0034] The infusion volumes for the seven embodiments described above are shown in Table 1: Table 1 Comparison of relative R410A infusion volume in Examples 1-7: The selected design condition is: medium temperature condition. The unit type is suitable for temperate air conditioning of T1 climate type (GB / T7725-2004), and the following values ​​are taken: evaporation temperature = 15℃, subcooling = 5℃, condensing temperature = 45℃, superheat = 7℃. The compressor isentropic efficiency is 0.8 during calculation.

[0035] According to the requirements of the national standard GB / T 7725-2022 "Room Air Conditioners", the following data were experimentally measured on the Gree split wall-mounted room air conditioner: KFR-32GW / (32583)FNAa-A3, and the performance parameters were compared: coefficient of performance (COP), relative coefficient of performance (COP), volumetric cooling capacity (Qv), relative unit volumetric cooling capacity (Qv), condensing pressure, GWP, latent heat of vaporization, temperature glide, and lower flammability limit, as shown in Table 2.

[0036] Table 2 Comparison of performance parameters of 7 embodiments of the present invention with R410A. As can be seen from the data in the table above, compared with R410A, the present invention has the following advantages in performance: 1) Significantly improved environmental friendliness: The GWP values ​​of all embodiments are lower than those of R410A, with a significant reduction. Among them, the GWP of Embodiment 1 is the lowest, which is 71.5% lower than that of R410A.

[0037] 2) Excellent cooling performance: The cooling capacity per unit volume of all embodiments is slightly greater than that of R410A. Among them, the cooling capacity per unit volume of Embodiment 6 is the highest, which is 1.11 times that of R410A, indicating that it has comparable or better energy efficiency.

[0038] 3) Excellent thermodynamic properties: The saturation pressure (bubble point, dew point, average vapor pressure) is very close to that of R410A, ensuring good compatibility with existing R410A systems and lubricants, and can be directly injected as a replacement. Extremely low temperature slip (<2℃) ensures the stability of system operation.

[0039] Based on the above-mentioned performance advantages, this invention has the following advantages when used as a replacement for R410A: 1) High feasibility of substitution: Since the working pressure and thermal properties are very close to those of R410A, it can be directly replaced by filling in the existing R410A system without replacing major components (such as compressors and heat exchangers) and lubricating oil, resulting in low modification costs.

[0040] 2) Improve system energy efficiency: The extremely high cooling capacity per unit volume and the considerable COP value are expected to enable the system to maintain or slightly improve its cooling capacity and operating efficiency after replacement.

[0041] 3) Meets environmental regulations: The significantly reduced GWP value enables systems using this refrigerant to meet current and future environmental regulations, extending the market life cycle of the equipment.

[0042] 4) Stable and reliable operation: The near-azeotropic characteristics reduce performance fluctuations and operational risks caused by component separation in different parts of the system.

[0043] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A low-GWP alternative refrigerant, R410A, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 85-95 parts difluoromethane, 3-7 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3-7 parts hexafluoropropylene.

2. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts difluoromethane, 5-7 parts trifluoroethylene, and 5-7 parts hexafluoropropylene.

3. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts difluoromethane, 3-4 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3-4 parts hexafluoropropylene.

4. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 85-89 parts difluoromethane, 5-7 parts trifluoroethylene, and 5-7 parts hexafluoropropylene.

5. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It includes the following components in parts by weight: 85-89 parts difluoromethane, 3-4 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3-4 parts hexafluoropropylene.

6. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 95 parts difluoromethane, 7 parts trifluoroethylene, and 7 parts hexafluoropropylene.

7. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 90 parts difluoromethane, 5 parts trifluoroethylene, and 5 parts hexafluoropropylene.

8. The low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to claim 1, characterized in that, It comprises the following components in parts by weight: 85 parts difluoromethane, 3 parts trifluoroethylene, and 3 parts hexafluoropropylene.

9. A method for preparing a low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: According to the stated weight ratio, gaseous or liquid difluoromethane, trifluoroethylene, and hexafluoropropylene are injected into a pressure-resistant container at room temperature, and then mixed evenly in the liquid phase using a physical mixing method. After standing, the refrigerant is obtained.

10. An application of the low-GWP alternative refrigerant R410A according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: R410A refrigerant is used to replace air-cooled, water-cooled, or heat pump systems in refrigeration systems.

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