Heat source device and nuclear power generation test system applicable to same
By designing a structure with variable plate thickness and controlling the power transmission unit in the heat source device, the problems of high flow resistance and insufficient adaptability of existing heat source devices are solved, and a safe and efficient working fluid heating effect is achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202511737675.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-11-25
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-17
AI Technical Summary
Existing heat source devices suffer from high flow resistance and insufficient adaptability when heating different working fluids, making it difficult to safely and efficiently heat working fluids such as liquid metals and supercritical carbon dioxide.
Design a heat source device that employs a multi-layer plate structure, with the plate thickness gradually changing along the flow direction of the working fluid, decreasing in thickness for liquids and increasing in thickness for gases. Combined with a power transmission unit and a PID control unit, the voltage and current are adjusted to achieve safe and effective heating.
It reduces the flow resistance of the working fluid, ensures that the liquid working fluid does not expand rapidly, and improves the heat absorption efficiency of the gaseous working fluid, thus achieving safe and efficient heating of the working fluid.
Smart Images
Figure CN121545803A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This application mainly relates to the field of nuclear power, and in particular to a heat source device and its applicable nuclear power generation test system. Background Technology
[0002] Small nuclear power generation systems have broad application prospects in environments such as space, land, and sea. Currently, physical testing is the main way to verify the performance of such systems. During the testing process, a heat source device is usually required to simulate the fission heat generated by a small nuclear reactor. In existing technologies, the heat source device is usually a heating rod, which directly heats the working fluid in the system. However, due to the bent shape of the heating rod, the flow resistance of the working fluid is increased. In addition, because different working fluids (such as liquid metals, supercritical carbon dioxide, etc.) have significant differences in physical properties, existing heat source devices generally have insufficient adaptability and are difficult to achieve safe and efficient heating of different working fluids. Summary of the Invention
[0003] The technical problem to be solved by this application is to provide a heat source device and a nuclear power generation test system applicable thereto, which can safely and effectively heat the working fluid and reduce the flow resistance of the working fluid.
[0004] To address the aforementioned technical problems, this application provides a heat source device suitable for use as a test heat source in a nuclear power generation test system for heating the working fluid in the nuclear power generation system. The heat source device includes a heating element comprising a body and multiple layers. The body has a cavity extending along a first direction. The multiple layers are located within the cavity and fixedly connected to the body. The multiple layers are arranged sequentially at intervals along a second direction. The working fluid flows through the cavity along the first direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The multiple layers and the body are suitable for heating the working fluid flowing through the cavity. When the working fluid is a liquid and suitable for boiling upon heating, the thickness of the multiple layers gradually decreases along the first direction. When the working fluid is a liquid and suitable for not boiling upon heating, or when the working fluid is a gas, the thickness of the multiple layers gradually increases along the first direction.
[0005] Optionally, the flow cross section corresponding to the working fluid flowing through the cavity is larger than the flow cross section corresponding to the working fluid before flowing into the heating element.
[0006] Optionally, the heat source device further includes: a power transmission unit connected to the heating element, the power transmission unit being adapted to apply an output voltage to the heating element, wherein the plurality of plates and the body are adapted to generate heat after the power transmission unit is activated.
[0007] Optionally, the power transmission unit includes: a voltage regulator adapted to be connected to an external power source, the voltage regulator being adapted to convert the external input voltage of the external power source into an intermediate voltage; and an isolation transformer connected to the voltage regulator and the heating element respectively, the isolation transformer being adapted to convert the input intermediate voltage into an output voltage.
[0008] Optionally, the power transmission unit is connected to the heating element via the first neutral wire, the second neutral wire, and the live wire, respectively.
[0009] Optionally, the heat source device further includes: a voltage acquisition unit, one end of which is connected to the live wire and the other end of which is connected to the first neutral wire and the second neutral wire, the voltage acquisition unit being adapted to acquire the total voltage of the heating element; and a current acquisition unit, which is connected in series with the live wire, the current acquisition unit being adapted to acquire the total current flowing through the heating element.
[0010] Optionally, the heat source device further includes a PID control unit, which is adapted to adjust the output voltage according to the total voltage, total current and the target heating power of the heating element.
[0011] Optionally, the power transmission unit applies an output voltage to the heating element based on the target heating power of the heating element, and the expression for calculating the output voltage is: , In the formula For output voltage, For the target heating power, This represents the total resistance of the heating element at the target temperature corresponding to the target heating power. The total length of the heating element along the first direction. The resistivity of the heating element at the target temperature. The heating element in the axial coordinate The corresponding cross-sectional area of the heating element.
[0012] Optionally, the outer surface of the body is covered with insulating material.
[0013] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, this application provides a nuclear power generation test system, which includes the above-mentioned heat source device, which is suitable for heating the working fluid in the nuclear power generation system as a test heat source.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following advantages: multiple layers within the cavity are used to heat the working fluid flowing through the cavity and reduce the flow resistance of the working fluid; by adjusting the thickness of the layers to gradually decrease along the flow direction of the working fluid, the liquid working fluid suitable for boiling will not expand rapidly within the cavity, thus achieving better heating safety; by adjusting the thickness of the layers to gradually increase along the flow direction of the working fluid, the layers can generate more heat, thereby enabling the gaseous working fluid or the liquid working fluid unsuitable for boiling to absorb more heat, thus achieving better heating effect. Attached Figure Description
[0015] The accompanying drawings are included to provide a further understanding of this application; they are incorporated into and constitute a part of this application. The drawings illustrate embodiments of this application and, together with this specification, serve to explain the principles of this application. In the drawings:
[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a heat source device according to an embodiment of this application;
[0017] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A side view of the heating element viewed from the x-direction; and
[0018] Figure 3 This is a block diagram of a nuclear power generation test system according to an embodiment of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of this application, the accompanying drawings used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are merely some examples or embodiments of this application. For those skilled in the art, these drawings can be applied to other similar scenarios without creative effort. Unless obvious from the context or otherwise specified, the same reference numerals in the drawings represent the same structures or operations.
[0020] As indicated in this application and claims, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the words "a," "an," "an," and / or "the" are not specifically singular and may include plural forms. Generally speaking, the terms "comprising" and "including" only indicate the inclusion of explicitly identified steps and elements, which do not constitute an exclusive list, and the method or apparatus may also include other steps or elements.
[0021] Unless otherwise specifically stated, the relative arrangement, numerical expressions, and values of the components and steps described in these embodiments do not limit the scope of this application. It should also be understood that, for ease of description, the dimensions of the various parts shown in the drawings are not drawn to actual scale. Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of the specification. In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be interpreted as merely exemplary and not as limitations. Therefore, other examples of exemplary embodiments may have different values. It should be noted that similar reference numerals and letters in the following drawings denote similar items; therefore, once an item is defined in one drawing, it need not be further discussed in subsequent drawings.
[0022] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by directional terms such as "front, back, up, down, left, right", "horizontal, vertical, horizontal" and "top, bottom" is usually based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and is only for the convenience of describing this application and simplifying the description. Unless otherwise stated, these directional terms do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on the scope of protection of this application; the directional terms "inner" and "outer" refer to the inner and outer contours relative to the outline of each component itself.
[0023] For ease of description, spatial relative terms such as "above," "on top of," "on the upper surface of," "above," etc., are used herein to describe the spatial positional relationship of a device or feature as shown in the figures to other devices or features. It should be understood that spatial relative terms are intended to encompass different orientations in use or operation beyond the orientation of the device as described in the figures. For example, if the device in the figures were inverted, a device described as "above" or "on top of" other devices or structures would subsequently be positioned as "below" or "under" other devices or structures. Thus, the exemplary term "above" can include both "above" and "below." The device may also be positioned in other different ways (rotated 90 degrees or in other orientations), and the spatial relative descriptions used herein will be interpreted accordingly.
[0024] Furthermore, it should be noted that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, these terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this application. In addition, although the terminology used in this application is selected from commonly known and used terms, some terms mentioned in this application's specification may have been chosen by the applicant according to his or her judgment, and their detailed meanings are explained in the relevant sections of this description. Moreover, this application should be understood not only through the actual terms used, but also through the meaning implied by each term.
[0025] Reference Figure 1 This embodiment proposes a heat source device 10, which is suitable as a test heat source for a nuclear power generation test system and is used to heat the working fluid in the nuclear power generation system. In this embodiment, the heat source device 10 includes a heating element 11, a power transmission unit 12, a voltage acquisition unit 13, a current acquisition unit 14, and a PID control unit (not shown in the figure). It should be noted that... Figure 1 The heating element 11 is shown in a cross-sectional view. In this embodiment, the heating element 11 is generally in the shape of a pipe.
[0026] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The heating element 11 includes a body 111 and multiple layers 112. It should be noted that... Figure 1 and Figure 2 Only one shelf 112 is illustrated as an example. In this embodiment, the body 111 has a cavity 1111 extending along a first direction, i.e., the x-direction, and the working fluid flows through the cavity 1111 along the first direction. Multiple shelves 112 are located within the cavity 1111 and are fixedly connected to the body 111. (Refer to...) Figure 2 In this embodiment, the layer plate 112 is welded to the body 111, but this application does not limit the connection method between the layer plate and the body. In some embodiments, the layer plate and the body are riveted. Each layer plate 112 is also arranged sequentially at intervals along the second direction, i.e., the y-direction, which is perpendicular to the x-direction. In this embodiment, the layer plate 112 and the body 111 are suitable for heating the working fluid flowing through the cavity 1111. Specifically, in this embodiment, the layer plate 112 and the body 111 are made of metal. When the layer plate 112 and the body 111 are energized and a current is generated, the layer plate 112 and the body 111 respectively generate Joule heat under the action of the corresponding current, thereby heating the working fluid flowing through the cavity 1111. Preferably, in this embodiment, the outer surface of the body 111 is covered with insulating material, thereby preventing leakage of the heating element 11 or preventing accidental injury to the operator from touching the outer surface of the body 111, improving both the heating efficiency and safety of the heating element 11.
[0027] In this embodiment, the working fluid is a liquid or a gas. It should be noted that when a liquid working fluid suitable for boiling is heated, part of the liquid working fluid transforms into a gas, causing a rapid expansion of the working fluid's volume and posing a safety hazard to the heat source device 10. Therefore, please refer to [reference needed]. Figure 1 In this embodiment, when the working fluid is liquid and suitable for boiling upon heating, the thickness of the multiple layers 112 gradually decreases along the x-direction, and the gap between adjacent layers 112 gradually increases along the x-direction. This reduces the heat generation of the layers 112 along the x-direction and lowers the heat absorbed by the working fluid per unit time, thereby suppressing the expansion rate of the working fluid as it changes from liquid to gas. Furthermore, by widening the gap, the gradual expansion of the working fluid's volume avoids the compressive stress on the layers 112 and the main body 111, preventing the formation of a dangerous high-temperature, high-pressure scenario and ensuring the safe operation of the heating element 11. In addition, the above arrangement also allows the working fluid to absorb sufficient heat, avoiding any impact on the test results of the nuclear power generation experiment.
[0028] Continue to refer to Figure 1In this embodiment, when the working fluid is a liquid and suitable for not boiling under heat, or when the working fluid is a gas, the thickness of the multiple plates 112 gradually increases along the x-direction, thereby enabling the plates 112 to generate more heat and gradually reducing the gap between adjacent plates 112 along the x-direction. This increases the heat absorbed by the working fluid per unit time, thus improving the heat absorption efficiency of the working fluid flowing through the heating element 11. This allows the heating element 11 to heat the flowing working fluid more quickly, offsetting the adverse effects of the increased flow rate caused by the volume expansion of the working fluid after heating, which in turn leads to a decrease in heat absorption, in order to meet the requirements of nuclear power generation experiments.
[0029] Continue to refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 In this embodiment, the flow cross-section corresponding to the working fluid flowing through the cavity 1111 is larger than the flow cross-section corresponding to the working fluid before flowing into the heating element 11. It can be understood that the flow cross-section is the cross-section perpendicular to the flow direction when the working fluid flows in the pipe. For example, Figure 2 The area of the hollow cavity 1111 not covered by the shelf 112 can be regarded as the flow cross section at the inlet of the heating element 11. Therefore, with the above arrangement, the flow velocity of the working fluid before entering the cavity 1111 is greater than the flow velocity of the working fluid after entering the cavity 1111, thereby further reducing the flow resistance of the working fluid in the heating element 11.
[0030] The structure of the heating element 11 has been briefly described above. The remaining parts of the heat source device 10 will now be described. (Continue referring to...) Figure 1The power transmission unit 12 is connected to the heating element 11, and the power transmission unit 12 is adapted to apply an output voltage to the heating element 11. Multiple shelves 112 and the main body 111 are adapted to generate heat after the power transmission unit 12 is activated. Specifically, the power transmission unit 12 includes a voltage regulator 121, an isolation transformer 122, a first neutral wire 123, a second neutral wire 124, and a live wire 125. One end of the voltage regulator 121 is adapted to be connected to an external power supply 200, and the other end of the voltage regulator 121 is connected to the isolation transformer 122. The isolation transformer 122 is also connected to one end of the first neutral wire 123, one end of the second neutral wire 124, and one end of the live wire 125, respectively. The other ends of the first neutral wire 123, the second neutral wire 124, and the live wire 125 are respectively connected to the main body 111. The first neutral wire 123 and the second neutral wire 124 are located at the two ends of the body 111 extending along the x-direction, respectively, and the live wire 125 is located between the first neutral wire 123 and the second neutral wire 124. Through the above connection arrangement, the voltage regulator 121 is adapted to convert the external input voltage of the external power supply 200 into an intermediate voltage and then transmit it to the isolation transformer 122. Subsequently, the isolation transformer 122 is adapted to convert the input intermediate voltage into an output voltage and then transmit it to the heating element 11. As a result, a potential difference is generated between the heating element 11 and the first neutral wire 123 and the live wire 125, and a potential difference is generated between the second neutral wire 124 and the live wire 125, thereby generating current in the heating element 11, which ultimately causes the body 111 and the shelf 112 to heat up.
[0031] Continue to refer to Figure 1 In this embodiment, one end of the voltage acquisition unit 13 is connected to the live wire 125, and the other end is connected to the first neutral wire 123 and the second neutral wire 124, thereby making the voltage acquisition unit 13 suitable for acquiring the total voltage of the heating element 11. On the other hand, in this embodiment, the current acquisition unit 14 is connected in series with the live wire 125, thereby making the current acquisition unit 14 suitable for acquiring the total current flowing through the heating element 11. Further, in this embodiment, the PID control unit is connected to the voltage acquisition unit 13, the current acquisition unit 14, and the isolation transformer 122, respectively, so that the PID control unit adjusts the output voltage of the isolation transformer 122 according to the received total voltage and total current, and the target heating power of the heating element 11. For example, the PID control unit calculates whether the product of the total voltage and the total current is equal to the target heating power. If they are not equal, the corresponding output voltage is adjusted until the product of the total voltage and the total current is equal to the target heating power.
[0032] In this embodiment, the power transmission unit 12 further applies an output voltage to the heating element 11 according to the target heating power. That is, it generates an initial output voltage based on the target heating power, and then continuously adjusts the output voltage according to the PID control unit until the target heating power is reached. The initial output voltage is calculated as follows:
[0033] ,
[0034] ,
[0035] In the formula For output voltage, For the target heating power, The total resistance of the heating element 11 at the target temperature corresponding to the target heating power. The total length of the heating element 11 along the first direction. The resistivity of the heating element 11 at the target temperature. For the heating element 11 in the axial coordinate The corresponding cross-sectional area of the heating element. This is understandable; refer to... Figure 1 The two opposite ends of the heating element 11 along the x-direction are the working fluid inlet and the working fluid outlet. The working fluid inlet is denoted as the zero point of the coordinate axis corresponding to the x-direction. On this coordinate axis The cross-sectional area of the heating element corresponding to the coordinate position. For example, further refer to... Figure 2 , Figure 2 The total area of the main body 111 and the layer 112 is the cross-sectional area of the heating element corresponding to the zero point, i.e., the 0 coordinate position on the coordinate axis.
[0036] This application also refers to, in another respect, [the following text is missing from the original] Figure 3 A nuclear power generation test system 100 is proposed, which includes the aforementioned heat source device 10, thereby enabling the working fluid in the nuclear power generation test system 100 to be heated by the heat source device 10, thereby safely and effectively simulating the heat release effect of a nuclear reactor.
[0037] The basic concepts have been described above. Obviously, for those skilled in the art, the above disclosure is merely illustrative and does not constitute a limitation of this application. Although not explicitly stated herein, those skilled in the art may make various modifications, improvements, and corrections to this application. Such modifications, improvements, and corrections are suggested in this application, and therefore remain within the spirit and scope of the exemplary embodiments of this application.
[0038] Furthermore, this application uses specific terms to describe embodiments of the application. For example, "an embodiment," "one embodiment," and / or "some embodiments" refer to a particular feature, structure, or characteristic related to at least one embodiment of the application. Therefore, it should be emphasized and noted that "an embodiment," "one embodiment," or "an alternative embodiment" mentioned twice or more in different locations in this specification do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, certain features, structures, or characteristics in one or more embodiments of the application can be appropriately combined.
[0039] Similarly, it should be noted that, in order to simplify the description of the present application and thus aid in the understanding of one or more embodiments, the foregoing description of the embodiments of the present application sometimes combines multiple features into a single embodiment, drawing, or description thereof. However, this disclosure method does not imply that the subject matter of the present application requires more features than those mentioned in the claims. In fact, the embodiments contain fewer features than all the features of the single embodiments disclosed above.
[0040] In some embodiments, numbers describing the quantity of components and attributes are used. It should be understood that such numbers used in the description of embodiments are modified in some examples with the terms "approximately," "approximately," or "generally." Unless otherwise stated, "approximately," "approximately," or "generally" indicates that the numbers are allowed to vary by ±20%. Accordingly, in some embodiments, the numerical parameters used in the specification and claims are approximate values, which may be changed depending on the characteristics required by individual embodiments. In some embodiments, numerical parameters should take into account specified significant digits and employ a general method of digit reservation. Although the numerical ranges and parameters used to confirm their breadth of scope in some embodiments of this application are approximate values, in specific embodiments, such values are set as precisely as feasible.
[0041] Although this application has been described with reference to specific embodiments, those skilled in the art should recognize that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate this application, and various equivalent changes or substitutions can be made without departing from the spirit of this application. Therefore, any changes or modifications to the above embodiments within the essential spirit of this application will fall within the scope of the claims of this application.
Claims
1. A heat source device, suitable as a test heat source for a nuclear power generation test system, used to heat the working fluid in the nuclear power generation system, characterized in that, The heat source device includes: A heating element includes a body and multiple layers. The body has a cavity extending along a first direction. The multiple layers are located within the cavity and fixedly connected to the body. The multiple layers are arranged at intervals along a second direction. A working fluid flows through the cavity along the first direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The multiple layers and the body are adapted to heat the working fluid flowing through the cavity. Wherein, when the working fluid is a liquid and the working fluid is suitable for boiling upon heating, the thickness of the plurality of plates gradually decreases along the first direction; When the working medium is a liquid and is suitable for not boiling under heat, or when the working medium is a gas, the thickness of the plurality of plates gradually increases along the first direction.
2. The heat source device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The flow cross section when the working fluid flows through the cavity is larger than the flow cross section before the working fluid flows into the heating element.
3. The heat source device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The heat source device also includes: A power transmission unit, connected to the heating element, is adapted to apply an output voltage to the heating element. The plurality of layers and the body are adapted to generate heat after the power transmission unit is started.
4. The heat source device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The power transmission unit includes: A voltage regulator, adapted to be connected to an external power source, the voltage regulator being adapted to convert the external input voltage of the external power source into an intermediate voltage; An isolation transformer is connected to both the voltage regulator and the heating element, and the isolation transformer is adapted to convert the input intermediate voltage into the output voltage.
5. The heat source device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The power transmission unit is connected to the heating element via a first neutral wire, a second neutral wire, and a live wire, respectively.
6. The heat source device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The heat source device also includes: A voltage acquisition unit, one end of which is connected to the live wire, and the other end of which is connected to the first neutral wire and the second neutral wire, the voltage acquisition unit being adapted to acquire the total voltage of the heating element; A current acquisition unit is connected in series with the live wire, and the current acquisition unit is adapted to acquire the total current flowing through the heating element.
7. The heat source device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The heat source device also includes: A PID control unit, the PID control unit being adapted to adjust the output voltage based on the total voltage, the total current and the target heating power of the heating element.
8. The heat source device as described in claim 3, characterized in that, The power transmission unit applies the output voltage to the heating element according to the target heating power of the heating element, and the calculation expression of the output voltage is: ， ， In the formula The output voltage is... The target heating power, The total resistance of the heating element at the target temperature corresponding to the target heating power. The total length of the heating element along the first direction. The resistivity of the heating element at the target temperature. The heating element in axial coordinate The corresponding cross-sectional area of the heating element.
9. The heat source device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The outer surface of the body is covered with insulating material.
10. A nuclear power generation test system, characterized in that, The nuclear power generation test system includes: The heat source device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the heat source device is adapted to be used as a test heat source to heat the working fluid in the nuclear power generation system.