Selection and emission integrated control system and method for oil and gas well
By integrating the selective firing function and detonator control function into an integrated selective firing control system for oil and gas wells, the problems of the separate design and short communication distance of existing electronic detonator systems for oil and gas wells have been solved. This system enables long-distance reliable communication and multi-stage cascade detonation, thereby improving the safety and efficiency of deep oil and gas well exploitation.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-12-02
- Publication Date
- 2026-03-13
AI Technical Summary
Existing electronic detonator systems for oil and gas wells suffer from problems such as increased failure points due to their separate design, signal distortion, short communication distance, and insufficient number of series stages, making it difficult to meet the needs of deep oil and gas well development.
The system employs an integrated firing control system that combines firing selection and detonator control functions. It includes a multi-level firing selection electronic module, a three-wire structure, and a double-insurance mechanism to achieve reliable long-distance communication and multi-level cascade detonation.
The system structure is simplified, reliability and safety are improved, multi-level cascade selective detonation with more than 80 levels is supported, the perforation requirements of deep wells are met, and the communication distance reaches more than 10,000 meters.
Smart Images
Figure CN121655341A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention relates to the field of detonator control technology in oil and gas extraction, specifically to an integrated detonation control system and method for oil and gas wells. Background Technology
[0002] In oil and gas extraction operations, detonators are used to detonate perforating charges during the perforation process to connect the oil and gas reservoir with the wellbore. With the development of electronic detonator technology and national policies requiring the comprehensive upgrading of industrial detonators to electronic detonators, the research and application of electronic detonators for oil and gas wells is urgently needed. Currently, the domestic oil and gas extraction field mainly adopts the construction method of "selective detonation switch + magnetoelectric detonator or high-resistance detonator". However, the existing electronic detonator system for oil and gas wells has many defects: On the one hand, the existing detonator control system for oil and gas wells adopts a separate design of "selective detonation switch + control module", which requires additional connection lines. This not only increases the system size and installation difficulty, but also increases the number of failure points (such as poor line contact, loose interface, etc.), resulting in a decrease in the overall reliability of the system. On the other hand, when existing detonator products are connected in series in multiple stages, problems such as signal distortion, impedance mismatch, bus short circuit, and signal interference are prone to occur. The number of series stages is usually no more than 40, while deep oil and gas well perforation operations often require more than 80 stages of series detonation, which cannot meet the needs of oil and gas well extraction at increasingly deeper depths. In addition, the existing electronic detonator system for oil and gas wells has a short communication distance, and in long-distance transmission, it is prone to signal distortion due to impedance mismatch and signal attenuation, making it difficult to meet the needs of deep well operations above 10,000 meters.
[0003] Therefore, developing a highly integrated, reliable, and multi-stage cascaded electronic detonator control system for oil and gas wells is key to solving the current challenges in the application of electronic detonators in oil and gas wells. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address the aforementioned problems, this invention provides an integrated selective detonation control system and method for oil and gas wells. It integrates selective detonation and detonator control functions, and enables long-distance reliable communication and multi-stage cascaded selective detonation of electronic detonators during oil and gas well perforation operations, significantly improving the safety, reliability, and efficiency of oil and gas well perforation operations.
[0005] The present invention adopts the following technical solution: an integrated selective firing control system for oil and gas wells, comprising a multi-level integrated selective firing electronic module connected to an initiation system, wherein each level of the integrated selective firing electronic module comprises an integrated selective firing unit and an initiation control unit. The firing selection unit is used to cascade and network the multiple firing selection integrated electronic modules and prevent high-voltage detonation signals exceeding the safe voltage from being accessed. The detonation control unit is connected to the firing selection unit and is used to introduce a double-insurance mechanism to form a detonation path in response to a high-pressure detonation signal, and to achieve detonation after the mechanism is satisfied.
[0006] Furthermore, the selective firing integrated electronic module adopts a three-wire structure, having a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and a cascaded output terminal; the positive input terminals of multiple stages of the selective firing integrated electronic module are connected to the detonation system, the negative input terminal of the first stage of the selective firing integrated electronic module is connected to the detonation system, and the cascaded output terminal of the previous stage of the selective firing integrated electronic module is connected to the negative input terminal of the next stage of the selective firing integrated electronic module; Furthermore, the detonation control unit includes a control IC chip and a first detonation control module, a second detonation control module, and a bridge wire detection module connected to the control IC chip; wherein, The bridge wire detection module is also connected to the ignition element to detect the on / off state of the ignition element and feed it back to the control IC chip. The first detonation control module is used to receive the high-voltage detonation signal and to connect the high-voltage detonation signal into the detonation path; The second detonation control module is used to connect the detonation path to complete the detonation; Furthermore, the dual insurance mechanism is formed by the first detonation control module and the second detonation control module, with the signal access priority of the first detonation control module being higher than the detonation path connection priority of the second detonation control module. Furthermore, the first detonation control module includes a first detonation control circuit and a first switch controlled and connected to the first detonation control circuit; the first detonation control circuit is connected to the control IC chip and is used to control the on / off state of the first switch in response to the output signal of the control IC chip; the first switch is connected between the positive input terminal and the ignition element. Furthermore, the second detonation control module includes a second detonation control circuit and a second switch controlled and connected to the second detonation control circuit; the second detonation control circuit is connected to the control IC chip and is used to control the on / off state of the second switch in response to the output signal of the control IC chip; the second switch is connected between the negative input terminal and the ignition element; Furthermore, the firing selection unit includes: A high-voltage protection module is used to prevent high-voltage detonation signals exceeding the safe voltage from flowing into the detonation control unit; The communication unit module is connected between the high-voltage protection module and the detonation control unit, and is used to realize the signal transmission and reception between the high-voltage protection module and the detonation control unit. A cascaded control module, connected to the detonation control unit, is used to respond to the output signal of the detonation control unit and realize cascading with the next-level integrated electronic module for selective firing; Furthermore, the cascaded control module includes a cascaded control circuit and a third switch connected to the cascaded control circuit; the cascaded control circuit is connected to the control IC chip and is used to respond to the output signal of the control IC chip to control the on / off state of the third switch; the third switch is connected between the negative input terminal and the cascaded output terminal. This invention also provides an integrated control method for oil and gas well selection and firing, comprising the following steps: In response to the high-pressure detonation signal, a double-insurance mechanism for action confirmation is introduced, and the detonation path is activated to complete the detonation after the mechanism is met; In response to the cascading control signal output by the detonation control unit, and upon confirmation of cascading, it cascades with the next-level selective firing integrated electronic module.
[0007] Furthermore, when the integrated electronic module receives a high-voltage detonation signal, the high-voltage protection module compares the received high-voltage detonation signal with a safe voltage. If the signal is higher than the safe voltage, the high-voltage protection module disconnects the signal input to the detonation control unit; if the signal is lower than the safe voltage, the high-voltage detonation signal is connected to the detonation control unit.
[0008] The beneficial effects of this invention are that it can be used in conjunction with an initiation system and integrates the selective firing function with the detonator control function into one unit. No additional selective firing switch is required, simplifying the system structure, reducing failure points, and cascading network connection between multi-level selective firing integrated electronic modules. This avoids bus short circuits caused by subsequent explosions, thereby achieving long-distance reliable communication and multi-level series selective firing of electronic detonators in oil and gas well perforation operations, meeting the multi-level perforation requirements of deep wells. Attached Figure Description
[0009] Figure 1 This is a connection diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the integrated electronic module for selecting the transmitter in this invention; Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of the integrated electronic module selected in this invention. Detailed Implementation
[0010] like Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 As shown, the present invention provides an integrated selective firing control system for oil and gas wells, comprising an n-level integrated selective firing electronic module connected to an initiation system. Each level of the integrated selective firing electronic module includes an integrated selective firing unit and an initiation control unit, where n ≤ 120. The selective firing unit is used to cascade and network the n-level selective firing integrated electronic modules and prevent high-voltage detonation signals exceeding the safe voltage from being accessed. The detonation control unit, connected to the selective detonation unit, is used to introduce a double-insurance mechanism to form a detonation path in response to a high-voltage detonation signal, and to achieve detonation after the mechanism is satisfied; The dual-insurance mechanism is formed by the first detonation control module and the second detonation control module. The signal access priority of the first detonation control module is higher than the detonation path connection priority of the second detonation control module.
[0011] The selective firing integrated electronic module adopts a three-wire structure, with a positive input terminal L1 (i.e., common terminal), a negative input terminal L2, and a cascaded output terminal L3. The positive input terminals of the n-stage selective firing integrated electronic modules are connected to the detonation system, and the negative input terminal of the first-stage selective firing integrated electronic module is connected to the detonation system. The cascaded output terminal of the previous stage selective firing integrated electronic module is connected to the negative input terminal of the next stage selective firing integrated electronic module. In order to better protect the selective firing integrated electronic module and enable it to withstand the effects of environmental factors such as high temperature and vibration, the selective firing integrated electronic module is encapsulated with an injection molding material containing silicone rubber. The temperature resistance of the injection-molded selective firing integrated electronic module is above 200℃, which can provide detonation protection for the selective firing integrated electronic module.
[0012] The detonation control unit includes a control IC chip and a first detonation control module, a second detonation control module, and a bridge wire detection module 6 connected to the control IC chip; the control IC chip can be an existing IC chip, such as a microcontroller, and other units / modules / circuits can also use existing circuits; among them... The bridge wire detection module 6 is also connected to the ignition element K to detect the on / off state of the ignition element and feed it back to the control IC chip. Only when the control IC chip receives the normal state of the ignition element will it trigger the first detonation control module and the second detonation control module to ensure safety. The first detonation control module is used to receive the high-voltage detonation signal and connect the high-voltage detonation signal into the detonation path; The second detonation control module is used to connect the detonation path to complete the detonation. Furthermore, the first detonation control module includes a first detonation control circuit 4 and a first switch S1 controlled and connected to the first detonation control circuit 4; the first detonation control circuit 4 is connected to a control IC chip and is used to respond to the output signal of the control IC chip to control the on / off state of the first switch S1; the first switch S1 is connected between the positive input terminal and the ignition element. The second detonation control module includes a second detonation control circuit 5 and a second switch S2 connected to the second detonation control circuit 5; the second detonation control circuit 5 is connected to a control IC chip and is used to respond to the output signal of the control IC chip to control the on / off state of the second switch S2; the second switch S2 is connected between the negative input terminal and the ignition element.
[0013] The firing selection unit includes: High-voltage protection module 1 is used to prevent high-voltage detonation signals exceeding the safe voltage from flowing into the detonation control unit. In order to adapt to the requirements of the existing perforation operation environment, the high-voltage detonation method is still used. The voltage during detonation reaches hundreds of volts, which far exceeds the voltage that the control IC chip input port can withstand. Therefore, the high-voltage protection module 1 can ensure that the voltage entering the control IC chip input port does not exceed the maximum voltage that the control IC chip can withstand, thus ensuring that the control IC chip always operates under a safe voltage. Communication unit module 2 is connected between high-voltage protection module 1 and detonation control unit, and is used to realize signal transmission and reception between high-voltage protection module 1 and detonation control unit. Communication unit module 2 adopts carrier communication. The two input leads of communication unit module 2 are both power lines and signal lines. It can demodulate the signal modulated on the power supply for the control IC chip to receive and recognize. The data returned by the control IC chip is also transmitted back through communication unit module 2, modulated onto the power line, and then transmitted back. Communication unit module 2 enables normal communication over a 10,000-meter cable. The cascaded control module is connected to the detonation control unit and is used to respond to the output signal of the detonation control unit to realize cascading with the next-level selective firing integrated electronic module; Furthermore, the cascade control module includes a cascade control circuit 3 and a third switch S3 connected to the cascade control circuit 3. The cascade control circuit 3 is connected to the control IC chip and is used to respond to the output signal of the control IC chip to control the opening and closing of the third switch S3. The third switch S3 is connected between the negative input terminal and the cascade output terminal. Specifically, the control IC chip controls the opening / closing of the third switch S3 through the cascade control circuit 3 to realize the disconnection / connection of the next-level selective firing integrated electronic module. By default, after power-on, the third switch S3 is open and the subsequent selective firing integrated electronic module is not connected. After receiving the "close" command from the detonation end, the control IC chip controls the third switch S3 to close through the cascade control circuit 3 to connect the subsequent selective firing integrated electronic module, thereby realizing the cascading of multiple selective firing integrated electronic modules.
[0014] This invention also provides an integrated control method for oil and gas well selection and firing, comprising the following steps: In response to the high-pressure detonation signal, a double-insurance mechanism for action confirmation is introduced, and the detonation path is activated to complete the detonation after the mechanism is met; Specifically, when the integrated electronic module receives a high-voltage detonation signal, the high-voltage protection module 1 compares the received high-voltage detonation signal with a safe voltage. If the signal is higher than the safe voltage, the high-voltage protection module 1 disconnects the signal input to the detonation control unit. If the voltage is below the safe level, the high-voltage detonation signal is connected to the detonation control unit. Subsequently, after receiving a high-voltage detonation signal that meets the conditions, the control IC chip operates the first switch S1 to close through the first detonation control circuit 4, so as to connect the high-voltage detonation signal to the detonation path (i.e., the ignition circuit). Then, through the second detonation control circuit 5, the second switch S2 is closed to connect the detonation path and complete the detonation. By default, after power-on, both the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are in the off state, ensuring that the ignition circuit will not be connected to the detonation energy during the detection process. At the same time, the dual-switch design also improves the safety of the product. The ignition circuit no longer uses the capacitor charging and discharging method, but instead uses a control IC chip to control the on and off of the ignition circuit. After it is connected, the detonation system directly supplies 100-150V voltage to the bridge wire of the electric ignition head of the ignition element, directly detonating the ignition powder. In response to the cascading control signal output by the detonation control unit, and upon confirmation of cascading, it cascades with the next-level selective firing integrated electronic module.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects: High integration: The selective firing function and detonator control function are integrated into one, eliminating the need for an additional selective firing switch, simplifying the system structure, reducing installation and maintenance costs, reducing system failure points (such as poor line contact), and improving overall reliability. Reliable and long-distance communication: Through communication unit module 2, reliable communication over a distance of 10,000 meters is achieved, with a distortion rate of ≤5% during signal transmission. Compared with existing products, the communication distance is longer and the stability is higher. Multiple cascade stages: Through the cascaded networking connection of multi-stage selective firing integrated electronic modules, it supports multi-stage cascaded selective firing and detonation of electronic detonators with more than 80 levels. Through the cascaded networking connection design, disconnecting the lower-level selective firing integrated electronic module can avoid bus short circuit caused by the explosion of the subsequent stage. Compared with existing detonator products (usually 40 levels), it can meet the multi-stage perforation requirements of deeper oil and gas wells. High security: It has comprehensive security protection functions, including high voltage protection at the port and abnormal status detection, which effectively prevents accidental fire.
[0016] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that the invention can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from its spirit or essential characteristics. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered in all respects as exemplary and non-limiting, and the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims are intended to be included within the present invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.
[0017] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims
1. An integrated selective firing control system for oil and gas wells, comprising a multi-level integrated selective firing electronic module connected to an initiation system, characterized in that: Each level of the integrated electronic module for selective firing includes an integrated selective firing unit and a detonation control unit. The firing selection unit is used to cascade and network the multiple firing selection integrated electronic modules and prevent high-voltage detonation signals exceeding the safe voltage from being accessed. The detonation control unit is connected to the firing selection unit and is used to introduce a double-insurance mechanism to form a detonation path in response to a high-pressure detonation signal, and to achieve detonation after the mechanism is satisfied.
2. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 1, characterized in that: The selective firing integrated electronic module adopts a three-wire structure, with a positive input terminal, a negative input terminal, and a cascaded output terminal. The positive input terminals of multiple selective firing integrated electronic modules are connected to the detonation system, the negative input terminal of the first-stage selective firing integrated electronic module is connected to the detonation system, and the cascaded output terminal of the previous stage selective firing integrated electronic module is connected to the negative input terminal of the next stage selective firing integrated electronic module.
3. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 2, characterized in that: The detonation control unit includes a control IC chip and a first detonation control module, a second detonation control module, and a bridge wire detection module connected to the control IC chip; wherein... The bridge wire detection module is also connected to the ignition element to detect the on / off state of the ignition element and feed it back to the control IC chip. The first detonation control module is used to receive the high-voltage detonation signal and to connect the high-voltage detonation signal into the detonation path; The second detonation control module is used to connect the detonation path to complete the detonation.
4. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The dual-insurance mechanism is formed by the first detonation control module and the second detonation control module. The signal access priority of the first detonation control module is higher than the detonation path connection priority of the second detonation control module.
5. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The first detonation control module includes a first detonation control circuit and a first switch connected to the first detonation control circuit; the first detonation control circuit is connected to the control IC chip and is used to control the on / off state of the first switch in response to the output signal of the control IC chip. The first switch is connected between the positive input terminal and the ignition element.
6. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second detonation control module includes a second detonation control circuit and a second switch connected to the second detonation control circuit; the second detonation control circuit is connected to the control IC chip and is used to control the on / off state of the second switch in response to the output signal of the control IC chip; the second switch is connected between the negative input terminal and the ignition element.
7. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 3, characterized in that: The firing selection unit includes: A high-voltage protection module is used to prevent high-voltage detonation signals exceeding the safe voltage from flowing into the detonation control unit; The communication unit module is connected between the high-voltage protection module and the detonation control unit, and is used to realize the signal transmission and reception between the high-voltage protection module and the detonation control unit. A cascaded control module, connected to the detonation control unit, is used to respond to the output signal of the detonation control unit and realize cascading with the next-level integrated electronic module for selective firing.
8. The integrated control system for oil and gas wells according to claim 7, characterized in that: The cascaded control module includes a cascaded control circuit and a third switch connected to the cascaded control circuit; the cascaded control circuit is connected to the control IC chip and is used to respond to the output signal of the control IC chip to control the on / off state of the third switch; The third switch is connected between the negative input terminal and the cascaded output terminal.
9. A method for integrated selection and release control of oil and gas wells, characterized in that: Includes the following steps: In response to the high-pressure detonation signal, a double-insurance mechanism for action confirmation is introduced, and the detonation path is activated to complete the detonation after the mechanism is met; In response to the cascading control signal output by the detonation control unit, and upon confirmation of cascading, it cascades with the next-level selective firing integrated electronic module.
10. The integrated control method for oil and gas well selection and release according to claim 9, characterized in that: When the selected firing integrated electronic module receives a high-voltage detonation signal, the high-voltage protection module compares the received high-voltage detonation signal with a safe voltage. If the signal is higher than the safe voltage, the high-voltage protection module disconnects the signal input to the detonation control unit. If the voltage is below the safe level, the high-voltage detonation signal will be connected to the detonation control unit.