Liquid cooling heat dissipation flow channel structure and servo motor

Abstract

This invention discloses a liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure and a servo motor, aiming to solve the problems of limited heat exchange efficiency, poor temperature uniformity, and complex manufacturing of existing heat dissipation structures. The structure includes a base shell, an intermediate shell, and an outer shell, nested sequentially from the inside out, as well as an end cap. The flow channel area of ​​the base shell and the intermediate shell enclose the inner flow channel, and the intermediate shell and the outer shell enclose the outer flow channel, both of which are composed of axial straight grooves. A collector is provided on the end cap side, which connects the end of the inner flow channel and the beginning of the outer flow channel through the first and second flow channels within the base shell, respectively. This design significantly increases the heat exchange area and time, improving heat dissipation efficiency and axial temperature uniformity. The straight groove structure is easy to manufacture, and the cooperation of the partition wall and the limiting groove ensures reliable anti-rotation between the multi-layer shells. This invention also has the advantages of flexible interface layout.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of motor heat dissipation technology, specifically relating to a liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure and a servo motor. Background Technology

[0002] Motors, especially high-power-density servo motors, generate a significant amount of heat during operation, particularly in their stator windings, core, and rotor. If this heat cannot be dissipated effectively and promptly, the internal temperature of the motor will continue to rise, leading to a series of problems such as insulation aging, magnet demagnetization, and bearing lubrication failure. These issues severely impact the motor's reliability, efficiency, and lifespan. Therefore, efficient and reliable heat dissipation design has become crucial for improving motor performance and reliability.

[0003] Currently, motor cooling methods are mainly divided into air cooling and liquid cooling. For applications with high heat dissipation requirements, liquid cooling is widely used due to its higher heat capacity and heat transfer coefficient. A common liquid cooling solution involves setting up cooling channels inside the motor housing, through which the cooling medium flows to remove heat.

[0004] In existing shell cooling technologies, one approach uses a single annular or spiral channel. While this approach is relatively simple in structure, the channel length is limited, resulting in insufficient heat exchange area and contact time between the cooling medium and the shell, leading to limited heat dissipation efficiency. Furthermore, it easily generates a significant temperature gradient along the motor axis, affecting temperature uniformity. Another approach, aiming to increase the heat exchange area, designs complex three-dimensional curved surface channels or deep spiral channels. While these designs can improve heat dissipation performance to some extent, the complex channel shape significantly increases the processing difficulty and manufacturing cost of the shell (especially multi-layer shells), placing extremely high demands on casting or machining processes, which is detrimental to mass production and cost control.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to provide a new type of liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure for motors, which can effectively extend the cooling path, increase the heat exchange area, and improve temperature uniformity within a limited space, while also having the advantages of simple structure, convenient processing and manufacturing, and low cost. Summary of the Invention

[0006] To solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solution.

[0007] A liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure includes a housing for mounting a rotor and a stator, and an end cover. The housing includes a base shell, an intermediate shell, and an outer shell. The base shell has a flow channel area. The flow channel area, the intermediate shell, and the outer shell are coaxially fitted from the inside to the outside. The end cover is located on the side of the housing away from the motor shaft output end.

[0008] The outer circumferential surface of the flow channel area of ​​the base shell is provided with an axially extending inner circumferential straight groove. The flow channel area is assembled and enclosed with the inner circumferential surface of the intermediate shell to form an inner flow channel. The outer circumferential surface of the intermediate shell is provided with an axially extending outer circumferential straight groove. The intermediate shell is assembled and enclosed with the inner circumferential surface of the outer shell to form an outer flow channel.

[0009] A collector is installed on the end cap, and a connecting channel is provided inside the collector. The connecting channel includes an inlet and an outlet. A first channel and a second channel are provided on the base shell. The first channel connects the end of the inner channel to the inlet, and the second channel connects the beginning of the outer channel to the outlet.

[0010] The housing is provided with a medium inlet and a medium outlet. The medium inlet is connected to the beginning of the inner flow channel, and the medium outlet is connected to the end of the outer flow channel. The cooling medium flows in from the medium inlet, flows sequentially through the inner flow channel, the first flow channel, the connecting flow channel, the second flow channel, and the outer flow channel, and then flows out from the medium outlet.

[0011] As a preferred embodiment of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure, the outer peripheral surface of the channel area of ​​the base shell is provided with a plurality of inner peripheral partition walls to form the inner peripheral straight groove; the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate shell is provided with an inner peripheral limiting groove that cooperates with the inner peripheral partition wall, and the inner peripheral limiting groove cooperates with the inner peripheral partition wall to restrict the relative rotation between the base shell and the intermediate shell.

[0012] The outer circumferential surface of the intermediate shell is provided with a plurality of outer circumferential partition walls to form the outer circumferential straight groove; the inner circumferential surface of the outer shell is provided with an outer circumferential limiting groove that cooperates with the outer circumferential partition walls, and the outer circumferential limiting groove cooperates with the outer circumferential partition walls to restrict the relative rotation between the intermediate shell and the outer shell.

[0013] In a preferred embodiment of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure, the inner channel has an annular inlet distribution cavity at one end near the motor shaft output end, and the medium inlet is connected to the inlet distribution cavity; the outer channel has an annular outlet collection cavity at one end near the motor shaft output end, and the medium outlet is connected to the outlet collection cavity.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure, the housing is provided with multiple reserved interfaces communicating with the inlet distribution cavity, at least one of which serves as the medium inlet, and the remaining interfaces can be blocked; the housing is provided with multiple reserved interfaces communicating with the outlet collection cavity, at least one of which serves as the medium outlet, and the remaining interfaces can be blocked.

[0015] In a preferred embodiment of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure, the inlet and the outlet are connected by several connecting pipes.

[0016] A servo motor, comprising the liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure for the motor as described in any one of the above claims.

[0017] In a preferred embodiment of the servo motor, a cooling fan is mounted inside the housing of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure on the side near the end cover, and the cooling fan is coaxially connected to the motor rotor; when the collector includes a connecting pipe, the cooling fan faces the connecting pipe of the collector and is used to force-cool the medium flowing through the connecting channel.

[0018] Compared with the prior art, this application has the following beneficial technical effects:

[0019] 1. Improved Heat Dissipation Efficiency and Temperature Uniformity: The cooling medium flows in from the inner channel, changes direction after passing through the end cover connecting channel, and then flows out along the outer channel, forming an extended flow path that is approximately U-shaped. This significantly increases the contact area and heat exchange time between the cooling medium and the casing, thereby effectively improving the overall heat dissipation capacity. Furthermore, the outer channel is located radially outside the inner channel. After the cooling medium absorbs heat from inside the motor through the inner channel, it flows through the end cover area before entering the outer channel. The design of the outer channel allows it to partially absorb heat transferred from the inner layer to the middle casing. This layout utilizes a radial heat transfer path, achieving layered cooling and efficient heat removal from the motor's heat source. This helps reduce the temperature peaks of key internal components (such as the stator windings) and improves axial temperature uniformity.

[0020] 2. Reduced Manufacturing Costs: The inner and outer flow channels are formed by axial straight grooves on the outer circumferential surfaces of the inner and middle shells, respectively, and are assembled with adjacent shells. Compared to complex spiral or curved flow channels, this straight groove structure is easier to achieve through machining (such as milling and grooving) or forming processes, reducing processing difficulty and manufacturing costs. By setting partition walls on the inner or middle shells and setting limiting grooves at corresponding positions on adjacent shells, not only are flow channel boundaries formed, but the circumferential relative rotation between the shell layers is also effectively restricted, enhancing the overall stability and sealing reliability of the multi-layered structure under motor vibration.

[0021] 3. By providing multiple reserved interfaces connecting to the inlet distribution chamber and the outlet collection chamber, one of them can be flexibly selected as the medium inlet or outlet according to the motor installation space and piping layout, while the others can be sealed with plugs. This improves the adaptability of the heat dissipation structure to different application scenarios.

[0022] 4. By integrating a cooling fan on the end cover side and positioning it directly opposite the collector's connecting pipe, forced air cooling can be applied to the cooling medium flowing through this area. This is particularly suitable for high heat load conditions or applications requiring extremely low outlet medium temperatures, significantly enhancing the system's instantaneous heat dissipation capacity and the controllability of the cooling effect. Attached Figure Description

[0023] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional diagram of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure.

[0024] Figure 2 This is a cross-sectional view of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure.

[0025] Figure 3 This is an exploded view of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure.

[0026] Part number list:

[0027] 10. Base shell; 11. Inner circumferential straight groove; 12. Inner circumferential partition wall; 13. Inner layer flow channel; 14. Inlet distribution cavity; 15. Medium inlet; 16. First flow channel; 17. Second flow channel;

[0028] 20. Intermediate shell; 21. Outer peripheral straight groove; 22. Inner peripheral limiting groove; 23. Outer peripheral partition wall; 24. Outer flow channel; 25. Outlet collecting cavity; 26. Medium outlet;

[0029] 30. Outer shell; 31. Outer peripheral limiting groove; 40. End cap; 41. Collector; 42. Inlet; 43. Outlet; 44. Connecting pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0030] The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0031] In the following embodiments, the same or similar reference numerals denote the same or similar components or components having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are only used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0032] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that terms such as center, longitudinal, transverse, length, width, thickness, upper, lower, front, rear, left, right, vertical, horizontal, top, bottom, inner, outer, clockwise, counterclockwise, etc., indicating orientation or positional relationships, are based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings and are only for the convenience of describing and simplifying the description of this invention; therefore, they should not be construed as limiting this invention. Furthermore, terms such as first, second, etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features shown. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise expressly specified and limited, terms such as installation, connection, linking, etc., should be interpreted broadly, and those skilled in the art can understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this utility model according to the specific circumstances.

[0033] refer to Figures 1 to 3 A liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure mainly includes a housing, an end cap 40, and a collector 41. The housing is used to install the rotor and stator of the motor and includes a base shell 10, an intermediate shell 20, and an outer shell 30. The base shell 10 serves as the main support of the motor, and a portion of its outer cylindrical surface is constructed as a flow channel area. The flow channel area, the intermediate shell 20, and the outer shell 30 are coaxially fitted together from the inside to the outside. The end cap 40 is fixedly installed on the side of the housing away from the motor shaft output end to close the end of the housing.

[0034] To achieve efficient heat dissipation, a double-layer annular flow channel is provided inside the casing. Specifically, multiple evenly distributed inner circumferential straight grooves 11 are machined along the axial direction on the outer circumferential surface of the flow channel area of ​​the base shell 10. When the base shell 10 is assembled with the intermediate shell 20, the inner circumferential surface of the intermediate shell 20 exactly covers these inner circumferential straight grooves 11, thereby forming an annular inner flow channel 13. Similarly, multiple evenly distributed outer circumferential straight grooves 21 are machined along the axial direction on the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate shell 20. When the intermediate shell 20 is assembled with the outer shell 30, the inner circumferential surface of the outer shell 30 covers the outer circumferential straight grooves 21, forming an annular outer flow channel 24. All straight grooves are simple axial linear grooves, making them extremely easy to manufacture.

[0035] To ensure that there is no relative rotation between the base shell 10 and the intermediate shell 20, and between the intermediate shell 20 and the outer shell 30, and to enhance the overall structural integrity, this embodiment incorporates an anti-rotation structure. On the outer circumferential surface of the flow channel area of ​​the base shell 10, an inner circumferential partition wall 12 protrudes between adjacent inner circumferential straight grooves 11 to form an inner circumferential partition wall 12. Correspondingly, an inner circumferential limiting groove 22 matching the shape of these inner circumferential partition walls 12 is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the intermediate shell 20. During assembly, the inner circumferential partition walls 12 are embedded in the inner circumferential limiting grooves 22. Similarly, on the outer circumferential surface of the intermediate shell 20, an outer circumferential partition wall 23 protrudes between adjacent outer circumferential straight grooves 21 to form an outer circumferential partition wall 23; an outer circumferential limiting groove 31 is formed on the inner circumferential surface of the outer shell 30 for the outer circumferential partition wall 23 to be embedded. This fitting method reliably restricts circumferential displacement between the shell layers while forming flow channel separation.

[0036] To guide the flow of the cooling medium, a collector 41 is installed inside the end cap 40. The collector 41 has connecting channels and includes an inlet 42 and an outlet 43, which are connected by multiple parallel connecting pipes 44. To achieve fluid collection and distribution, a first flow channel 16 and a second flow channel 17 are provided at the end of the base shell 10 (adjacent to the end cap 40). One end of the first flow channel 16 connects to the end of the inner flow channel 13, and the other end leads to the end face of the base shell 10 and connects to the inlet 42 of the collector 41. One end of the second flow channel 17 connects to the beginning of the outer flow channel 24, and the other end also leads to the end face of the base shell 10 and connects to the outlet 43 of the collector 41. Thus, the connection between the end of the inner flow channel 13 and the inlet 42 of the collector 41, and the beginning of the outer flow channel 24 and the outlet 43 of the collector 41 are achieved through the first flow channel 16 and the second flow channel 17 inside the base shell 10.

[0037] For the intake and exhaust of the cooling medium, a medium inlet 15 and a medium outlet 26 are provided on the housing. In this embodiment, at the other end of the inner flow channel 13 near the motor shaft output end, an annular inlet distribution cavity 14 is formed by the flow channel area of ​​the base shell 10 and the intermediate shell 20. A through hole communicating with the inlet distribution cavity 14 is provided on the outer shell 30 as the medium inlet 15. Similarly, at the other end of the outer flow channel 24 near the motor shaft output end, an annular outlet collecting cavity 25 is formed by the intermediate shell 20 and the outer shell 30. A through hole communicating with the outlet collecting cavity 25 is provided on the outer shell 30 as the medium outlet 26.

[0038] The working process of the liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure is as follows: Coolant provided by the external cooling system is injected from the medium inlet 15, first entering the inlet distribution chamber 14, and then distributed to the beginning of each inner circumferential straight groove 11. Subsequently, the coolant flows axially through the entire inner channel 13, absorbing the heat generated by the motor stator and rotor and transferred through the base shell 10. After reaching the end of the inner channel 13, the coolant gathers and enters the inlet 42 of the collector 41, and then splits through each connecting pipe 44 to the outlet 43. During this flow through the connecting pipe 44, some of the heat of the coolant can be dissipated through the pipe wall. Next, the coolant enters the beginning of the outer channel 24 from the outlet 43 and flows in the opposite direction axially. When flowing through the outer channel 24, the coolant can further absorb the heat transferred from the intermediate shell 20, achieving secondary heat absorption. Finally, the coolant gathers in the outlet collection chamber 25 and is discharged from the shell through the medium outlet 26, completing a complete U-shaped cooling cycle. This long flow channel and layered counter-flow arrangement greatly improves heat exchange efficiency and the temperature uniformity of the shell along the axial direction.

[0039] To further improve installation adaptability, the arrangement of the medium inlet and outlet can be optimized. Specifically, multiple reserved interfaces can be provided on the outer casing 30 around the inlet distribution cavity 14. Similarly, multiple reserved interfaces can be provided around the outlet collection cavity 25. During actual installation, the most convenient location from the multiple reserved interfaces can be selected to connect to the external liquid inlet pipe, based on the actual spatial orientation of the motor in the equipment and the external pipeline routing, and this location can be used as the actual medium inlet 15. The remaining unused reserved interfaces are sealed with threaded plugs, and the same applies to the outlet side. This design provides great layout flexibility. Preferably, the motor is installed with the medium inlet 15 at the bottom and the medium outlet 26 at the top, thereby ensuring that all flow channels, especially the outer flow channel 24 at the higher position, are completely filled with cooling medium, ensuring full utilization of the designed heat exchange area and stable and efficient heat dissipation.

[0040] A servo motor incorporating any of the aforementioned flow channel structures has its stator core fixedly mounted on the inner circumferential surface of the base shell 10, with the rotor located inside the stator. The large amount of heat generated during motor operation is rapidly conducted through the base shell 10 to the coolant in the inner flow channel 13, and promptly dissipated through the aforementioned high-efficiency U-shaped double-layer flow channel system. This not only ensures the motor's continuous and stable operation under rated load but also enables it to handle tasks with higher power density or more severe ambient temperatures, significantly improving overall performance and reliability.

[0041] In another preferred embodiment, active cooling can be further enhanced. Specifically, a cooling fan can be fixedly installed inside the housing near the end cover 40. This cooling fan can be coaxially connected to the motor rotor and driven by the motor itself, with the airflow direction of the cooling fan facing the connecting pipes 44 of the collector 41. When the cooling fan starts, the forced airflow blows across the outer surface of the connecting pipes 44, forcibly cooling the coolant flowing through the pipes, thereby pre-cooling the coolant before it enters the outer flow channel 24, significantly improving the heat dissipation capacity and cooling effect regulation of the entire cooling system.

[0042] The scope of protection of this invention includes, but is not limited to, the above embodiments. The scope of protection of this invention is defined by the claims. Any substitutions, modifications, or improvements to this technology that are easily conceived by those skilled in the art fall within the scope of protection of this invention.

Claims

1. A liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure, comprising a housing for mounting a rotor and a stator, and an end cover (40), characterized in that, The housing includes a base shell (10), an intermediate shell (20) and an outer shell (30). The base shell (10) is provided with a flow channel area. The flow channel area, the intermediate shell (20) and the outer shell (30) are coaxially fitted from the inside to the outside. The end cap (40) is located on the side of the housing away from the motor shaft output end. The base shell (10) has an axially extending inner circumferential groove (11) on the outer circumferential surface of the flow channel area. The flow channel area is assembled and enclosed with the inner circumferential surface of the intermediate shell (20) to form an inner flow channel (13). The intermediate shell (20) has an axially extending outer circumferential groove (21) on the outer circumferential surface. The intermediate shell (20) is assembled and enclosed with the inner circumferential surface of the outer shell (30) to form an outer flow channel (24). A collector (41) is installed on the end cap (40), and a connecting channel is provided inside the collector (41). The connecting channel has an inlet (42) and an outlet (43). A first channel (16) and a second channel (17) are provided on the base shell (10). The first channel (16) connects the end of the inner channel (13) with the inlet (42), and the second channel (17) connects the beginning of the outer channel (24) with the outlet (43). The housing is provided with a medium inlet (15) and a medium outlet (26). The medium inlet (15) is connected to the beginning of the inner flow channel (13), and the medium outlet (26) is connected to the end of the outer flow channel (24). The cooling medium flows in from the medium inlet (15), flows through the inner flow channel (13), the first flow channel (16), the connecting flow channel, the second flow channel (17), and the outer flow channel (24) in sequence, and then flows out from the medium outlet (26). The outer peripheral surface of the flow channel area of ​​the base shell (10) is provided with a plurality of inner peripheral partition walls (12) to form the inner peripheral straight groove (11); the inner peripheral surface of the intermediate shell (20) is provided with an inner peripheral limiting groove (22) that cooperates with the inner peripheral partition wall (12), and the inner peripheral limiting groove (22) cooperates with the inner peripheral partition wall (12) to restrict the relative rotation between the base shell (10) and the intermediate shell (20); The outer peripheral surface of the intermediate shell (20) is provided with a plurality of outer peripheral partition walls (23) to form the outer peripheral straight groove (21); the inner peripheral surface of the outer shell (30) is provided with an outer peripheral limiting groove (31) that cooperates with the outer peripheral partition wall (23). The outer peripheral limiting groove (31) cooperates with the outer peripheral partition wall (23) to restrict the relative rotation between the intermediate shell (20) and the outer shell (30); The inner flow channel (13) has an annular inlet distribution cavity (14) at one end near the motor shaft output end, and the medium inlet (15) is connected to the inlet distribution cavity (14); the outer flow channel (24) has an annular outlet collection cavity (25) at one end near the motor shaft output end, and the medium outlet (26) is connected to the outlet collection cavity (25).

2. The liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The housing is provided with multiple reserved interfaces that communicate with the inlet distribution cavity (14), at least one of which serves as the medium inlet (15), and the remaining interfaces can be blocked; the housing is provided with multiple reserved interfaces that communicate with the outlet collection cavity (25), at least one of which serves as the medium outlet (26), and the remaining interfaces can be blocked.

3. The liquid-cooled heat dissipation channel structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inlet (42) and the outlet (43) are connected by a number of connecting pipes (44).

4. A servo motor, characterized in that, Includes the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure as described in any one of claims 1-3.

5. The servo motor according to claim 4, characterized in that, Inside the housing of the liquid cooling heat dissipation channel structure, a cooling fan is installed on the side near the end cover (40), and the cooling fan is coaxially connected to the motor rotor; when the collector (41) includes a connecting pipe (44), the cooling fan is facing the connecting pipe (44) of the collector (41) to force cooling of the medium flowing through the connecting channel.

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