Multi-damping tire retaining wall anti-collision structure and construction method thereof

Abstract

The invention discloses a multi-damping-buffering tire retaining wall anti-collision structure and a construction method thereof. The multi-damping-buffering tire retaining wall anti-collision structure comprises a layered energy dissipation twin tire body, a multi-stage energy dissipation connecting system, a grating and filler. A layered energy dissipation twin tire main body is of a multi-layer stacked structure, each layer is provided with a plurality of twin tires, each twin tire is formed by coaxially nesting an outer-layer mother tire and an inner-layer child tire, a closed cavity gap is formed between the mother tire and the child tire, and the cavity gap is filled with a tire gap filler to form a first-stage energy dissipation unit; the multi-stage energy dissipation connecting system penetrates through a tire hole of the double-cell tire, and the layered energy dissipation double-cell tire main body and the grating are connected into a whole; the gaps between the twin tires are filled with the filler, and a second-stage energy dissipation unit is formed through flexible deformation of the multi-stage energy dissipation connecting system and extrusion friction of the filler. The anti-collision performance is greatly improved through multi-damping synergistic energy consumption, the structural integrity is enhanced through full-flexible connection, and meanwhile efficient resource utilization of the waste tires is achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a tire retaining wall anti-collision structure and its construction method, and more particularly to a tire retaining wall anti-collision structure with multiple damping buffers and its construction method. Background Technology

[0002] With the continuous expansion of transportation infrastructure construction, retaining wall structures are widely used in highways, railways, municipal roads, and water conservancy projects to ensure roadbed stability and slope safety. However, traditional gravity retaining walls, reinforced soil retaining walls, and masonry retaining walls have gradually revealed problems in long-term use, including long construction cycles, high material costs, stringent requirements on foundation bearing capacity, limited seismic performance, and susceptibility to brittle failure under accidental vehicle impacts. Especially in mountainous areas, highway interchanges, and sections near water or cliffs, the risk of vehicles running off the road and colliding with retaining walls is high. Once a collision occurs, traditional rigid retaining walls often cannot effectively absorb the impact energy, easily leading to severe vehicle damage or even secondary accidents.

[0003] Meanwhile, the large-scale accumulation of waste tires, a type of non-biodegradable solid waste, has become a global environmental problem. Applying waste tires to civil engineering structures not only achieves resource reuse but also leverages the tires' inherent advantages such as high elasticity, high damping, and strong weather resistance, thus attracting increasing attention from the engineering community. However, existing tire retaining walls often employ single tire stacking, simple binding, or wire connections, resulting in poor structural integrity. The connection strength between tires and between tires and reinforced grids is insufficient, making them prone to loosening, slippage, or even overall instability under long-term loads or impacts. Furthermore, ordinary tires are often hollow or filled only with loose materials, offering limited cushioning performance and failing to meet the higher requirements of modern traffic engineering for collision safety and structural durability.

[0004] In the field of reinforced soil structures, the connection method between the geogrid and the wall panel directly affects the overall stability of the structure. Traditional connection methods, such as metal bolts, steel bars, and clips, suffer from problems such as easy corrosion, stiffness mismatch, and complex construction. Especially when used on flexible substrates like tires, they can easily cause stress concentration and localized tearing, reducing the durability and seismic performance of the structure. Therefore, developing a flexible, corrosion-resistant, and high-damping connection system suitable for tire materials has become one of the key technologies for improving the performance of tire-reinforced soil retaining walls.

[0005] On the other hand, existing tire retaining walls often lack a systematic energy dissipation mechanism in their impact resistance design. During a vehicle collision, energy is mainly dissipated through tire deformation and filler friction. However, a single tire has limited deformation capacity, and the tire body lacks an effective damping medium. As a result, most of the impact energy is still transferred to the soil and structure behind the wall, potentially leading to wall tilting, grid breakage, or filler extrusion. Therefore, how to achieve multi-level, multi-mode energy dissipation through structural design to improve the buffering capacity and structural toughness of retaining walls under sudden impacts is a pressing technical challenge in current engineering practice. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Purpose of the invention: This invention proposes a multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure and its construction method. Through the synergistic design of the twin tire nesting structure, damping filler and flexible connection system, it realizes multi-damping energy dissipation, improves anti-collision performance and structural stability, and at the same time realizes the efficient resource utilization of waste tires.

[0007] Technical Solution: This invention includes a layered energy-consuming twin tire body, a multi-stage energy dissipation connection system, a grid, and filler. The layered energy-consuming twin tire body has a multi-layer stacked structure, with multiple twin tires in each layer. Each twin tire consists of an outer mother tire and an inner daughter tire coaxially nested, forming a closed cavity between the mother tire and the daughter tire. The cavity is filled with tire gap filler to form a first-stage energy-consuming unit. The multi-stage energy dissipation connection system penetrates the tire perforations of the twin tires, connecting the layered energy-consuming twin tire body and the grid into a whole. The filler fills the interior of the twin tires and the gaps between the tires, forming a second-stage energy-consuming unit through the flexible deformation of the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system and the extrusion friction of the filler.

[0008] The tire gap filler is a mixture of single-component polyurethane sealant and 2-3mm nitrile rubber particles, applied between the daughter tire and the mother tire of a twin tire to form a damping buffer layer that works synergistically inside and out.

[0009] The tire perforations of the twin tires are arranged along the vertical line of the tire height and pass through the corresponding positions of the mother tire and the daughter tire. The tire perforation axes of adjacent twin tires in the same layer are parallel to each other.

[0010] The multi-stage energy dissipation connection system includes a rubber baffle, a rubber rod, and a gasket. The rubber baffle is attached to the outer surface of the grid, the gasket is attached to the inner curved surface of the twin tire, and the rubber rod passes through the rubber baffle, the grid, the tire hole of the twin tire, and the gasket in sequence, and is fastened at both ends by nuts.

[0011] The gasket is made of nylon crescent gasket. The arc-shaped surface of the gasket is consistent with the curvature of the inner wall of the twin tire. The edge of the gasket is closely attached to the tire body around the tire hole. There is a gap between the rubber rod and the inner wall of the tire hole. The gap is filled with adhesive to form a flexible buffer layer.

[0012] The grid is a bidirectional geogrid, which covers the outer surface, top and bottom faces of the twin tire. Adjacent layers of grid are synchronously fixed by a multi-level energy dissipation connection system. The grid edges wrap back towards the back of the wall and are compacted and fixed with the fill material to form a closed reinforcement system.

[0013] The sidewalls of adjacent twin tires fit tightly together, and the gap between the tires and the filler inside the twin tires form a continuous force transmission path, ensuring that the impact force is evenly distributed.

[0014] A construction method for a multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure includes the following steps:

[0015] S1: Prefabrication of twin tires. Clean the inner wall impurities of the waste mother tire and daughter tire. Mix the single-component polyurethane sealant with nitrile rubber granules evenly. After standing to remove bubbles, apply the mixture in multiple layers to the inner wall of the mother tire. After the first layer is applied, compact it and let it stand. After the second layer is applied, immediately embed the daughter tire coaxially into the mother tire to ensure that the daughter tire and the mother tire are concentric. After standing and curing, an integrated twin tire is formed.

[0016] S2: Drilling holes in twin tires. The prefabricated twin tires are laid flat and fixed. The drilling point is marked at the vertical line position in the tire height. The through-hole is prepared by a secondary drilling process. After drilling, the burrs on the hole edge are ground and the debris inside the tire hole is cleaned.

[0017] S3: Base construction, level the construction site and lay the bottom filler, compact it and then lay the first layer of grid, the grid is laid flat, tightened and fixed to the base;

[0018] S4: First layer of tire installation: Arrange the twin tires on the grid in sequence, adjust the tire position so that the tire hole is perpendicular to the grid plane, fill the tire with filler to the height of the tire hole, compact it, and then pass the rubber rod coated with adhesive through the grid and the tire hole.

[0019] S5: Install the connecting parts. Insert the rubber baffle coated with adhesive onto the outside of the grille and the gasket coated with adhesive onto the inside of the tire. Ensure that the curved surface of the gasket is completely in contact with the inner wall of the tire. Then install rubber nuts at both ends of the rubber rod and tighten them. Apply adhesive to reinforce the connection and cut off the excess rubber rod.

[0020] S6: Layered stacking construction, continue filling the first layer of tires with filler until the tires are completely covered and compacted, lay the second layer of grating and fix it to the connecting parts of the first layer, repeat steps S4~S5 to install the second layer of twin tires, and stack them in sequence to the designed height.

[0021] In step S4, the spacing between the twin tires in the same layer is adapted to the tire diameter to ensure that the sidewalls of adjacent tires fit tightly together.

[0022] In step S4, the tire hole axis remains perpendicular to the grid plane.

[0023] Beneficial effects: The present invention has the following advantages:

[0024] (1) By using the layered energy-dissipating twin tire body and the multi-level energy dissipation connection system, a multi-energy dissipation mechanism of "tire body deformation - damping filling - flexible connection whole" is constructed. The nested structure of the twin tire, combined with the tire gap filler, can absorb most of the kinetic energy through rubber deformation and particle friction in the early stage of impact. The flexible rubber components of the multi-level energy dissipation connection system further dissipate the remaining energy, effectively reducing the impact force on the wall and vehicle, and greatly reducing the risk of secondary accidents. It is especially suitable for the anti-collision protection needs of high-risk road sections.

[0025] (2) The single-component polyurethane sealant and nitrile rubber particles are mixed in a ratio of 4:1, which allows the outer layer of the tire gap adhesive to have both the high adhesion of polyurethane and the elasticity of nitrile rubber, thereby improving the fit and sealing between the two tire layers and preventing air leakage and water ingress in the tire gap.

[0026] (3) Nitrile rubber particles of 2-3 mm form an elastic buffer structure in the polyurethane matrix. When the tire rolls, the tire gap adhesive can achieve energy dissipation through particle deformation and matrix viscoelastic deformation, thereby dispersing the impact stress. The wear resistance of nitrile rubber particles combined with the anti-aging properties of polyurethane can enhance the tear resistance and wear resistance of the outer tire gap adhesive, while extending the service life of the tire gap structure.

[0027] (4) The multi-stage energy dissipation connection system adopts a combination of neoprene rubber adhesive and flexible rubber components, replacing the traditional rigid metal connectors, effectively avoiding stress concentration and local tearing problems. The design of circular rubber baffles and nylon crescent gaskets can evenly distribute the load, making the twin tires and grid form a tight integral structure, significantly improving the wall's anti-slip and anti-overturning capabilities, and maintaining good stability under long-term loads and impacts, reducing the risk of structural deformation and unbalanced collapse.

[0028] (5) Mineral-filled modified PA66 gaskets are used. Compared with ordinary nylon, the crescent-shaped gaskets of this material have stronger rigidity and creep resistance. Under long-term outdoor tensile conditions, the gaskets are not prone to creep or collapse, and can always maintain stable fastening force and cushioning effect, preventing loosening and scratching of the connection with rubber. At the same time, they have high acid and alkali resistance and stain resistance, and have a certain tolerance to the weak acid and weak alkali of the sand in the filler, and are not easily corroded and degraded.

[0029] (6) Using waste tires as the core raw material to prepare the twin tire body not only solves the environmental pollution problem of waste tire accumulation, but also gives full play to the high elasticity, high damping and strong weather resistance of rubber materials, realizing the efficient recycling of solid waste. Compared with traditional reinforced concrete retaining walls, the cost of this structure material is greatly reduced, and the construction process does not require large equipment, further enhancing the economic and environmental value of the project.

[0030] (7) The construction adopts on-site assembly and layered filling. The twin tires can be prefabricated in advance. On-site, only drilling, connection and backfilling compaction are required. There is no need for complicated formwork or concrete pouring. The operation is simple and fast. At the same time, the structure can be flexibly adjusted according to the actual protection needs. The number of twin tire layers, the size of the mother and daughter tires and the type of filler can be adapted to different levels of collision protection scenarios and geological conditions. It has broad engineering promotion value. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the layered energy-consuming twin-cell tire of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 4 This is a partial detail of the connection between the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system and the layered energy-dissipating twin tire body of the present invention. Figure 1 ;

[0035] Figure 5 This is a partial detail of the connection between the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system and the layered energy-dissipating twin tire body of the present invention. Figure 2 ;

[0036] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the tire retaining wall with multiple damping buffers according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0037] The invention will now be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] like Figures 1-6As shown, the multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure of this embodiment includes a layered energy-dissipating twin tire body 1, a multi-stage energy dissipation connection system 2, a grid 3, and filler 4; the layered energy-dissipating twin tire body 1 is a multi-layer stacked structure, with multiple twin tires 11 in each layer; the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system 2 passes through the tire holes of the twin tires 11, connecting the layered energy-dissipating twin tire body 1 and the grid 3 into a whole; the filler 4 fills the inside of the twin tires and the gaps between the tires.

[0040] like Figure 2 As shown, the twin tire 11 consists of an outer mother tire 1101 and an inner daughter tire 1102 nested coaxially. The outer diameter of the daughter tire 1102 matches the inner diameter of the mother tire 1101, ensuring a uniform annular cavity after coaxial nesting. A closed cavity is formed between the mother tire 1101 and the daughter tire 1102, which is filled with a tire gap filler 12, forming a damping buffer layer that works synergistically inside and out. The tire gap filler 12 is a mixture of single-component polyurethane sealant and 2-3mm nitrile rubber particles at a mass ratio of 4:1. This allows the tire gap filler to combine the high adhesion of polyurethane with the elasticity of nitrile rubber, improving the fit and sealing between the two tire layers and preventing air leakage and water ingress in the tire gap. The 2-3mm nitrile rubber particles form an elastic buffer structure in the polyurethane matrix. When the tire rolls, the tire gap adhesive can achieve layered energy dissipation through particle deformation and matrix viscoelastic deformation, thus dispersing collision stress. The abrasion resistance of nitrile rubber granules combined with the anti-aging properties of polyurethane can enhance the tear resistance and abrasion resistance of the outer tire gap adhesive, while extending the service life of the tire gap structure.

[0041] A 6-12mm diameter hole is drilled at the vertical position of the tire height of the twin tire 11. The hole is prepared on-site using a hand drill: a 3mm high-speed steel twist drill bit is used to drill the positioning hole, and a 10mm three-pointed wood drill bit is used to support the hole. First, the prepared twin tire 11 is laid flat on a level ground. The sides of the tire are weighed down with cement bags or other heavy objects to fix the tire body and prevent vibration during drilling. Then, a mark is made at about half the height of the tire with a marker. Next, the 3mm high-speed steel twist drill bit is used to drill the positioning hole vertically aligned with the mark. Then, the 10mm three-pointed wood drill bit is used to enlarge the hole. During the process, the electric drill is slowly and evenly advanced at a speed of 300-600 rpm. When the drill bit is about to penetrate the tire, the advancement speed is slowed down to prevent the drill bit from slipping and scratching the tire tread when it exits. After drilling, the burrs on the edge of the hole are sanded off.

[0042] like Figures 3-5As shown, the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system 2 includes a rubber baffle 201, a rubber rod 204, and a nylon crescent-shaped gasket 205. The rubber baffle 201 is attached to the outer surface of the grid 3, and the nylon crescent-shaped gasket 205 is attached to the curved inner wall of the twin tire. The rubber rod 204 passes through the rubber baffle 201, the grid 3, the tire hole of the twin tire, and the nylon crescent-shaped gasket 205 in sequence, and is fastened at both ends by nuts 202 and 203, thereby making the twin tire 11 and the grid 3 form a whole, giving the grid 3 a stronger integrated shape when wrapping the tire retaining wall. The rubber baffle 201 has a diameter of 80-90mm and a hollow diameter of 6-12mm; the rubber rod 204 is about 100-200mm long and has a diameter of 10-13mm; the nylon crescent-shaped gasket 205 has a hole diameter of 10-13mm, a radius of about 30mm, and a thickness of about 30mm, and is made of mineral-filled modified PA66. PA66 gaskets, compared to ordinary nylon, offer superior rigidity and creep resistance. Under long-term outdoor tensile conditions, they are less prone to creep and collapse, maintaining stable fastening force and cushioning effect, preventing loosening and scratches at the rubber connection. They also exhibit high acid and alkali resistance and stain resistance, showing some tolerance to the weak acids and alkalis in the sand used as filler, and are not easily corroded or degraded.

[0043] This invention achieves high stability during normal use and strong energy dissipation capacity under impact loads through the synergistic effect of a layered energy-dissipating twin-tire body, tire gap damping filling material, flexible multi-level energy dissipation connection system, and reinforced grid. This structure not only fully utilizes the mechanical properties of waste tires to improve resource utilization, but also significantly enhances the integrity, durability, and collision safety of retaining walls through material combination and structural optimization, providing an economical, environmentally friendly, and high-performance new structural form for slope protection in highway, railway, and municipal engineering projects.

[0044] Example 2

[0045] The construction method of the multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure in this embodiment includes the following steps:

[0046] S1. Production of twin tires 11: First, mix single-component polyurethane sealant and nitrile rubber granules: completely extrude the sealant into the mixing tank, slowly add the nitrile rubber granules and stir evenly in the same direction, avoiding violent stirring to prevent air bubbles. Stir for about 2-3 minutes until the granules are evenly dispersed in the sealant, without obvious lumps or stratification. Let stand for 1-2 minutes to allow internal air bubbles to rise and burst naturally, thus producing the tire gap adhesive 12. Apply the adhesive in two layers. First, evenly apply the prepared tire gap adhesive 12 to the inner wall of the mother tire 1101. After the first layer is applied, press it firmly with a scraper to ensure that the adhesive layer is tightly adhered to the rubber surface without gaps. Let stand for 5-10 minutes before applying the second layer. At this time, before the adhesive has cured, finally insert the daughter tire 1102 into the mother tire 1101. Let stand for one week, and the resulting product is the twin tire 11.

[0047] S2, Twin Tire 11 Drilling Treatment: Use the hand drill drilling method. First, use a 3mm high-speed steel twist drill to drill the positioning hole, and then switch to a large drill bit, a 10mm three-point woodworking drill bit, to enlarge the hole.

[0048] S3. Place the tires: Lay the drilled twin tires 11 flat on the ground, ensuring that the tire holes are perpendicular to the grating 3.

[0049] S4. Filling the tire with filler and inserting rubber rods: First, fill the tire with soil up to the height of the hole in the twin tire 11. Then, apply neoprene rubber adhesive to the rubber rod 204 and pass it through the grid and the tire hole of the twin tire. Then, fill the tire with soil again until it is completely covered. At the same time, compact the sand to a compaction degree of 75%.

[0050] S5. Apply neoprene rubber adhesive to one side of the rubber baffle and slip it over the rubber rod 204 from the outside of the grid, ensuring it is tightly fitted to the grid. Slip the nylon crescent-shaped gasket 205, with neoprene rubber adhesive applied to its holes, over the rubber rod 204 from the inside of the tire, ensuring the curved surface of the nylon crescent-shaped gasket 205 is tightly fitted to the inner wall of the tire. Secure two rubber nuts 202 and 203 to both ends of the rubber rod 204 with neoprene rubber adhesive for reinforcement.

[0051] S6. Use pliers to cut off the excess rubber rods protruding from the grid.

[0052] S7. Repeat steps S1~S6 above, stacking the twin tires 11 upwards while simultaneously filling the soil to obtain a complete retaining wall. Figure 1 As shown.

Claims

1. A multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure, characterized in that, The system includes a layered energy-dissipating twin tire body, a multi-stage energy dissipation connection system, a grid, and filler. The layered energy-dissipating twin tire body has a multi-layered stacked structure, with multiple twin tires in each layer. Each twin tire consists of an outer mother tire and an inner daughter tire coaxially nested, forming a closed cavity between the mother tire and the daughter tire. The cavity is filled with tire gap filler, forming the first-stage energy-dissipating unit. The multi-stage energy dissipation connection system penetrates the tire perforations of the twin tires, connecting the layered energy-dissipating twin tire body and the grid into a whole. The filler fills the interior of the twin tires and the gaps between the tires, forming the second-stage energy-dissipating unit through the flexible deformation of the multi-stage energy dissipation connection system and the extrusion friction of the filler.

2. The multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The gap filler is composed of a single-component polyurethane sealant and 2-3 mm nitrile rubber particles.

3. The multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The tire perforations of the twin tires are arranged along the vertical line of the tire height and pass through the corresponding positions of the mother tire and the daughter tire. The tire perforation axes of adjacent twin tires in the same layer are parallel to each other.

4. The multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-stage energy dissipation connection system includes a rubber baffle, a rubber rod, and a gasket. The rubber baffle is attached to the outer surface of the grid, the gasket is attached to the inner curved surface of the twin tire, and the rubber rod passes through the rubber baffle, the grid, the tire hole of the twin tire, and the gasket in sequence, and is fastened at both ends by nuts.

5. The multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure according to claim 4, characterized in that, The gasket is made of nylon crescent gasket. The arc-shaped surface of the gasket is consistent with the curvature of the inner wall of the twin tire. The edge of the gasket is closely attached to the tire body around the tire hole. There is a gap between the rubber rod and the inner wall of the tire hole. The gap is filled with adhesive to form a flexible buffer layer.

6. The multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The grid is a bidirectional geogrid, which covers the outer surface, top and bottom faces of the twin tire. Adjacent layers of grid are synchronously fixed by a multi-level energy dissipation connection system. The grid edges wrap back towards the back of the wall and are compacted and fixed with the fill material to form a closed reinforcement system.

7. The multi-damping buffer tire retaining wall anti-collision structure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The sidewalls of adjacent twin tires fit tightly together, and the gap between the tires and the filler inside the twin tires form a continuous force transmission path.

8. A construction method for a tire retaining wall anti-collision structure based on the multi-damping buffer as described in any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1: Prefabrication of twin tires. Clean the inner wall impurities of the waste mother tire and daughter tire. Mix the single-component polyurethane sealant with nitrile rubber granules evenly. After standing to remove bubbles, apply the mixture in multiple layers to the inner wall of the mother tire. After the first layer is applied, compact it and let it stand. After the second layer is applied, immediately embed the daughter tire coaxially into the mother tire to ensure that the daughter tire and the mother tire are concentric. After standing and curing, an integrated twin tire is formed. S2: Drilling holes in twin tires. The prefabricated twin tires are laid flat and fixed. The drilling point is marked at the vertical line position in the tire height. The through-hole is prepared by a secondary drilling process. After drilling, the burrs on the hole edge are ground and the debris inside the tire hole is cleaned. S3: Base construction, level the construction site and lay the bottom filler, compact it and then lay the first layer of grid, the grid is laid flat, tightened and fixed to the base; S4: First layer of tire installation: Arrange the twin tires on the grid in sequence, adjust the tire position so that the tire hole is perpendicular to the grid plane, fill the tire with filler to the height of the tire hole, compact it, and then pass the rubber rod coated with adhesive through the grid and the tire hole. S5: Install the connecting parts. Insert the rubber baffle coated with adhesive onto the outside of the grille and the gasket coated with adhesive onto the inside of the tire. Ensure that the curved surface of the gasket is completely in contact with the inner wall of the tire. Then install rubber nuts at both ends of the rubber rod and tighten them. Apply adhesive to reinforce the connection and cut off the excess rubber rod. S6: Layered stacking construction, continue filling the first layer of tires with filler until the tires are completely covered and compacted, lay the second layer of grating and fix it to the connecting parts of the first layer, repeat steps S4~S5 to install the second layer of twin tires, and stack them in sequence to the designed height.

9. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the spacing between the twin tires in the same layer is adapted to the tire diameter.

10. The construction method according to claim 8, characterized in that, In step S4, the tire hole axis remains perpendicular to the grid plane.

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