Cutting and crushing device for log sample wafers of multiple sizes

Abstract

The invention discloses a cutting and crushing device for log sample wafers of multiple sizes, and belongs to the technical field of forestry inspection and quarantine. The device comprises a fixing frame, a base plate, three groups of sample sheet jacking structures, a driving structure and a cutting structure, the fixing frame and the base plate are assembled through screws, and the base plate is provided with a material collecting area; the sample sheet jacking structure moves along the chassis guide groove through the guide rod; the driving structure drives the eccentric bearing to rotate through the handle and drives the ejector rod and the cutting structure to ascend and descend, and the ejector rod spring provides damping and resetting functions. And the cutting structure adopts a multi-blade cutter head with an avoiding area, so that interference with the jacking structure during undercutting is avoided, and the cutting structure can be replaced to control the specification of the cut-up sample. The device is small in size, light in weight, portable and easy to operate, can efficiently complete cutting, crushing and convenient collection of irregular log sample pieces of multiple sizes, solves the problems that existing manual operation is low in efficiency and high in risk, and large equipment is inconvenient to carry, and is suitable for various forestry inspection and quarantine sites such as the field.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of diseased wood treatment and sampling machinery technology, specifically to a cutting and crushing device for multi-sized log samples. Background Technology

[0002] In forest resource protection, invasive pests such as pine wilt disease can easily lead to the death of large numbers of trees. At the same time, forestry inspection and quarantine processes also uncover a large quantity of timber of unknown origin or carrying diseases. For such timber, it is necessary to cut and sample the collected logs before sending them for analysis.

[0003] The current log sample shredding operation mainly relies on two methods: one is manual cutting with primitive tools such as axes and machetes. This method is extremely inefficient, and the log samples are mostly irregularly shaped round pieces, making manual operation difficult and posing a high safety risk; the other is using a medium-sized electric slicer. Such equipment is expensive, bulky, and complex to operate. The air pump is noisy when it is working, and excessive cutting force can cause prominent safety hazards. In addition, it is difficult to carry to field work environments such as the field, and cannot meet the needs of rapid on-site sampling.

[0004] To overcome the shortcomings of the existing technology, there is an urgent need for a cutting and crushing device that is small in size, portable, easy to operate, adaptable to samples of multiple sizes, and highly safe. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a cutting and crushing device for log samples of various sizes, which solves the problems of low efficiency and high danger of manual cutting in the prior art, as well as the large size, inconvenience and complexity of medium-sized electric slicers, and enables rapid, safe on-site crushing and convenient collection of irregular log samples of various sizes.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides the following technical solution: a cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples, characterized in that it includes a fixing frame, a chassis, a sample clamping structure, a driving structure, and a cutting structure; the fixing frame is assembled on the chassis by screws, and a protective shell is installed on the fixing frame; a material collection area is provided on the chassis; The sample clamping structure consists of three sets, evenly distributed on the chassis. Each set includes a square linear bearing, a linear bearing seat, a guide rod, and a guide rod spring. The chassis has a guide groove. The guide rod has a boss at its lower front that fits into the guide groove. The other end of the guide rod is installed in the square linear bearing for axial positioning. The rear end of the guide rod has a handle for easy gripping. The guide rod spring is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod and is used to drive the guide rod to move axially along the guide groove to clamp log samples of different sizes or shapes. The drive structure includes a handle, an eccentric bearing, a rotating shaft, a circular linear bearing, a push rod, and a push rod spring. The circular linear bearing is fixed to a fixed frame by screws, the push rod passes through the circular linear bearing, and the push rod spring is sleeved on the outside of the push rod. The eccentric bearing is mounted on the rotating shaft and contacts the top of the push rod. The handle is mounted on the shaft end of the rotating shaft and is used to drive the rotating shaft and the eccentric bearing to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the push rod to move up and down along the axial direction of the circular linear bearing. The cutting structure is a multi-blade cutter head, which is fixedly connected and installed below the top rod. It has a clearance area that corresponds to the three sets of sample clamping structures. The clearance area is used to avoid interference between the multi-blade cutter head and the guide rod and guide rod spring when the multi-blade cutter head cuts downward.

[0007] Furthermore, the push rod has an external thread machined below it, and the top surface of the multi-blade cutter head is provided with a hexagonal mounting platform. The hexagonal mounting platform has an internal thread machined to match the external thread of the push rod, and a spring washer is installed between the push rod and the multi-blade cutter head to prevent loosening.

[0008] Furthermore, the side of the multi-blade cutter head is designed in a V-shape with a V-angle of 170°.

[0009] Furthermore, the blades of the multi-blade cutter disc are arranged in 30 rows and 3 columns, and the columns are divided into 4 blade areas. The blade thickness and spacing are both 2mm.

[0010] Furthermore, the push rod spring compresses to generate damping force when the handle is turned, and relaxes to drive the push rod, eccentric bearing and handle to automatically reset after the handle is released.

[0011] Furthermore, the multi-blade cutter head is a replaceable structure, and the size and shape of the shredded sample can be controlled by replacing the multi-blade cutter head with one of different specifications.

[0012] Furthermore, the spacing of the three sets of sample clamping structures can be adjusted by pulling the handles of the corresponding guide rods, thus adapting to irregular log samples of different diameters and thicknesses.

[0013] The targeted solution provided by this invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. High adaptability: With three sets of adjustable sample clamping structures, the spacing can be flexibly adjusted to stably clamp log samples of different diameters, thicknesses and irregular shapes, solving the problem of poor adaptability of existing equipment; 2. High safety: The push rod spring in the drive structure provides damping force to prevent the cutter head from cutting rapidly. At the same time, the multi-blade cutter head is equipped with a clearance area to prevent interference with the clamping structure during cutting, thus improving operational safety. 3. Portable and efficient: The device is small in size and light in weight, and can be carried to various field operation environments such as the field. The operation process is simple (clamping-cutting-resetting-collection), which greatly improves sampling efficiency. 4. Good versatility: The multi-blade cutter head can be quickly replaced, and the size and shape of the shredded sample can be controlled according to the inspection requirements, adapting to different sampling requirements; 5. Convenient collection: The chassis has a collection area. After cutting, the debris can be directly swept into the collection area and put into the sample bag, simplifying the collection process. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention with a protective shell.

[0015] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the present invention without a protective shell.

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the bottom-view guide rod of the device and the guide groove on the chassis.

[0017] Figure 4 This is a side view of a multi-blade cutter head.

[0018] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the bottom view of the multi-blade cutter head.

[0019] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the avoidance zone designed on a multi-bladed cutterhead.

[0020] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram showing the positional relationship between the multi-blade cutter head and the guide rod and guide rod spring after the multi-blade cutter head is pressed into place.

[0021] Figure 8 This diagram shows the initial position of the multi-blade cutter head and its position after cutting to the desired depth.

[0022] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of a cutter head with a blade spacing of 1mm.

[0023] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of a cutter head with a blade spacing of 3mm.

[0024] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the push rod and the cutter head.

[0025] The components in the diagram are named as follows: 1. Handle, 2. Eccentric bearing, 3. Shaft, 4. Fixing bracket, 5. Multi-blade cutter head, 6. Base plate, 7. Square linear bearing, 8. Linear bearing seat, 9. Guide rod spring, 10. Guide rod, 11. Spring washer, 12. Circular linear bearing, 13. Top rod spring, 14. Top rod, 15. Protective shell.

[0026] Figure 4 The multi-blade cutter head in the middle is designed with a V-shape, where α represents the V-shape angle.

[0027] Figure 6 In the diagram, a, b, and c represent three avoidance zones, and the avoidance targets are guide rod 10 and guide rod spring 9.

[0028] Figure 8 The left image shows the position of the multi-blade cutter head after the log sample has been placed and before it has started cutting. The right image shows the position of the multi-blade cutter head after the cutting is completed and before the cutter is released. Detailed Implementation

[0029] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0030] A cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples, characterized in that it includes a fixing frame 4, a base plate 6, a sample clamping structure, a driving structure and a cutting structure; the fixing frame 4 is assembled onto the base plate 6 by screws, and a protective shell 15 is mounted on the fixing frame 4; a material collection area is provided on the base plate 6; The sample clamping structure consists of three sets, evenly distributed on the chassis 6. Each set includes a square linear bearing 7, a linear bearing seat 8, a guide rod 10, and a guide rod spring 9. The chassis 6 has a guide groove. The guide rod 10 has a boss at its lower front that fits into the guide groove. The other end of the guide rod 10 is inserted into the square linear bearing 7 for axial positioning. The rear end of the guide rod 10 has a handle for easy gripping. The guide rod spring 9 is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod 10 and is used to drive the guide rod 10 to move axially along the guide groove to clamp log samples of different sizes or shapes. The drive structure includes a handle 1, an eccentric bearing 2, a rotating shaft 3, a circular linear bearing 12, a push rod 14, and a push rod spring 13. The circular linear bearing 12 is fixed to the fixing frame 4 by screws. The push rod 14 passes through the circular linear bearing 12, and the push rod spring 13 is sleeved on the outside of the push rod 14. The eccentric bearing 2 is installed on the rotating shaft 3 and contacts the top end of the push rod 14. The handle 1 is installed on the shaft end of the rotating shaft 3 and is used to drive the rotating shaft 3 and the eccentric bearing 2 to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the push rod 14 to move up and down axially along the circular linear bearing 12. The cutting structure is a multi-blade cutter head 5, which is fixedly connected and installed below the top rod 14. It has a clearance area that corresponds to the three sets of sample clamping structures. The clearance area is used to avoid interference between the multi-blade cutter head 5 and the guide rod 10 and the guide rod spring 9 when the multi-blade cutter head 5 cuts downwards.

[0031] Furthermore, the push rod 14 has an external thread machined below it, and the top surface of the multi-blade cutter head 5 is provided with a hexagonal mounting platform. The hexagonal mounting platform is machined with an internal thread that matches the external thread of the push rod 14. A spring washer 11 is installed between the push rod 14 and the multi-blade cutter head 5 to prevent loosening.

[0032] Furthermore, the side of the multi-blade cutter head 5 is designed in a V-shape with a V-angle of 170°.

[0033] Furthermore, the blades of the multi-blade cutter head 5 are arranged in 30 rows and 3 columns, and the columns are divided into 4 blade areas. The blade thickness and spacing are both 2mm.

[0034] Furthermore, the push rod spring 13 compresses to generate damping force when the handle 1 is pulled, and relaxes to drive the push rod 14, the eccentric bearing 2 and the handle 1 to automatically reset after the handle 1 is released.

[0035] Furthermore, the multi-blade cutter head 5 is a replaceable structure, and the size and shape of the shredded sample can be controlled by replacing the multi-blade cutter head 5 with different specifications.

[0036] Furthermore, the spacing of the three sets of sample clamping structures can be adjusted by pulling the handles of the corresponding guide rods 10.

[0037] The assembly process of this invention is as follows: 1. Install the three sets of sample clamping structures on the chassis 6 respectively: First, fix the linear bearing seat 8 in the preset position of the chassis 6, install the square linear bearing 7 into the linear bearing seat 8, then sleeve the guide rod spring 9 on the outside of the guide rod 10, install one end of the guide rod 10 into the square linear bearing 7, so that the boss at the lower front of the guide rod 10 is inserted into the guide groove of the chassis 6, and complete the assembly of the sample clamping structure; 2. Drive structure assembly: Fix the circular linear bearing 12 to the fixing frame 4 with screws, put the push rod spring 13 on the outside of the push rod 14, and then put the push rod 14 through the circular linear bearing 12; install the eccentric bearing 2 on the rotating shaft 3 so that the eccentric bearing 2 contacts the top of the push rod 14, and finally install the handle 1 on the shaft end of the rotating shaft (3); 3. Cutting structure assembly: Place the spring washer 11 at the external thread below the push rod 14, and connect it to the push rod 14 through the internal thread of the hexagonal mounting platform on the top surface of the multi-blade cutter head 5. Tighten with a wrench to fix it. 4. Overall assembly: The fixed frame 4, which has been assembled with the drive structure and the cutting structure, is assembled to the chassis 6 with screws. Finally, the protective shell 15 is installed to complete the overall assembly of the device.

[0038] The operation process of this invention is as follows: 1. Sample clamping: Pull the handles at the rear ends of the three sets of guide rods 10 respectively, so that the guide rods 10 move outward along the guide groove of the chassis 6, and the guide rod springs 9 are compressed; place the log sample in the center area of ​​the chassis 6, release the handles, and the guide rod springs 9 relax to drive the guide rods 10 to move inward and press against the log sample; if the sample is irregular in shape, the position of the guide rods 10 can be finely adjusted to ensure that all three sets of guide rods 10 are in stable contact with the sample; 2. Cutting operation: Move handle 1 to the initial position to drive the rotating shaft 3 and eccentric bearing 2 to rotate synchronously. The eccentric bearing 2 pushes the top rod 14 to move downward along the circular linear bearing 12. The top rod spring 13 is compressed to generate damping force. Continue to move handle 1, and the multi-blade cutter head 5 moves downward with the top rod 14 to contact the log sample and complete the cutting. During this process, the avoidance area of ​​the multi-blade cutter head 5 avoids the guide rod 10 and the guide rod spring 9, and there is no mechanical interference. 3. Reset: After cutting is completed, release handle 1, the push rod spring 13 relaxes, driving the push rod 14 to move upward, thereby driving the eccentric bearing 2, the rotating shaft 3 and handle 1 back to the initial position; 4. Debris collection: Use a brush to sweep the sample debris on the chassis 6 to the collection area, and then sweep the debris from the collection area into the sample bag to complete the sampling and collection. 5. Cutter head replacement (as needed): If it is necessary to adjust the size and shape of the shredded sample, use a wrench to unscrew the multi-blade cutter head 5, replace it with a multi-blade cutter head 5 of the corresponding specification and tighten it, and then you can carry out the subsequent cutting operation.

[0039] This invention uses three sets of adjustable sample clamping structures, which can flexibly adjust the spacing (adjustment range is 50-150mm) to stably clamp log samples of different diameters (50-150mm), thicknesses (5-25mm) and irregular shapes, thus solving the problem of poor adaptability of existing equipment. Actual tests have shown that the clamping structure can stably clamp log samples of diameters of 50mm, 100mm and 150mm without loosening.

[0040] In the drive structure of this invention, the push rod spring provides damping force (damping coefficient is 5-8 N·s / m) to prevent the cutter head from cutting rapidly (the cutting speed can be controlled at 5-10 mm / s). At the same time, the multi-blade cutter head is provided with a clearance area (clearance depth is 15 mm and width is 15 mm) to prevent interference with the push rod and push rod spring during cutting, thus improving operational safety. In actual operation, no interference or cutter head loss of control occurred.

[0041] The device of this invention has an overall size of 250mm×295mm×300mm and a weight of 5kg. It can be carried to various field operation environments such as the field. The operation process is simple (clamping-cutting-resetting-collection). The cutting time for a single sample is 10-30 seconds, which is more than 80% more efficient than manual cutting and greatly improves the sampling efficiency.

[0042] This invention features a multi-blade cutter head that can be quickly replaced and is designed with three different specifications: blade spacing of 1mm with blades arranged in 40 rows and 3 columns, blade spacing of 2mm with blades arranged in 30 rows and 3 columns, and blade spacing of 3mm with blades arranged in 24 rows and 3 columns. This allows for control over the size and shape of the shredded sample according to inspection requirements, thus adapting to different sampling needs.

[0043] The chassis of this invention is equipped with a material collection area (with a volume of 100ml). After cutting, the debris can be directly swept into the material collection area and introduced into the sample bag. The collection time is ≤5 seconds, which simplifies the collection process.

[0044] Example 1: Cutting regular circular log samples with a diameter of 50mm and a thickness of 10mm. 1. Equipment preparation: Select a multi-blade cutter head 5 with a blade spacing of 2mm, assemble the device according to the assembly process, check the connection of each component to ensure that the top rod spring 13 and the guide rod spring 9 have normal elasticity and no jamming. 2. Sample clamping: Pull the handles of the three sets of guide rods 10 respectively, so that the guide rods 10 move outward along the guide groove to the maximum stroke (150mm), and the guide rod springs 9 are compressed; place a circular log sample with a diameter of 50mm and a thickness of 10mm in the center area of ​​the chassis 6, release the handles, and the guide rod springs 9 relax to drive the guide rods 10 to move inward. The rubber anti-slip pad at the front end of the guide rods 10 is in close contact with the sample surface, and the three sets of guide rods 10 are evenly stressed to tighten the sample, and the sample does not loosen or shift; 3. Cutting operation: Slowly turn handle 1 to drive the rotating shaft 3 and eccentric bearing 2 to rotate synchronously. The eccentric bearing 2 pushes the top rod 14 to move downward along the circular linear bearing 12. The top rod spring 13 is compressed to generate damping force, so that the cutting speed of the top rod 14 is controlled at 8mm / s. Continue to turn handle 1, and the multi-blade blade 5 moves down with the top rod 14 to contact the log sample. The blade smoothly cuts into the sample, and the avoidance area accurately avoids the guide rod 10 and the guide rod spring 9 without mechanical interference. Continue to turn handle 1 until the top rod 14 descends to its maximum stroke (30mm), and the sample is completely shredded into wood chips with a width of about 2mm. 4. Reset and collection: Release handle 1, the top rod spring 13 relaxes, driving the top rod 14, eccentric bearing 2, rotating shaft 3 and handle 1 to quickly reset to the initial position; use a brush to sweep the sawdust on the chassis 6 to the 100mL collection area, and then put the sawdust into the sample bag. The collection takes 3 seconds, completing the cutting and sampling.

[0045] Example 2: Cutting irregular polygonal log samples with a diameter of 150mm and a thickness of 25mm 1. Equipment preparation: Select a multi-blade cutter head 5 with a blade spacing of 3mm. When replacing the cutter head, first unscrew the original cutter head and ensure that the external thread below the push rod 14 is clean and free of impurities. After placing the spring washer 11, tighten the new cutter head to the push rod 14 through the internal thread of the hexagonal mounting table. Check all components of the device, and focus on confirming that the clearance area of ​​the multi-blade cutter head 5 corresponds accurately with the position of the guide rod 10. 2. Sample clamping: Pull the handles of the three sets of guide rods 10 to adjust the position of the guide rods 10 to fit the 150mm diameter of the sample piece; place the irregular polygonal log sample piece in the center of the base plate 6, release the handles, and the guide rod spring 9 drives the guide rods 10 to press against the sample piece. For the irregular edges of the sample piece, fine-tune the position of two sets of guide rods 10 to ensure that all three sets of guide rods 10 are in stable contact with the sample piece, ensuring that the sample piece will not flip over during the cutting process; 3. Cutting operation: When handle 1 is turned, the spring 13 of the push rod is compressed to generate damping force (damping coefficient 7 N·s / m). The push rod 14 moves slowly downward at a speed of 5 mm / s. The V-shaped side of the multi-blade cutter head 5 first contacts the edge of the sample and quickly cuts into the sample by utilizing the stress concentration effect of the V-shaped structure. When handle 1 is turned, the blade gradually penetrates into the sample. Because the sample is thick (25 mm), handle 1 is turned until the push rod 14 drops by 30 mm and the sample is completely cut. There is no obvious vibration of the device during the cutting process and the sample does not shift. 4. Reset and collection: Release handle 1, and all parts will automatically reset; use a brush to sweep the residual wood chips on the surface of the chassis 6 and multi-blade cutter head 5 to the collection area. Since the blade spacing is 3mm, the width of the chopped wood chips is about 3mm, which meets the inspection and sampling requirements. The collection takes 4 seconds, and the cutting operation is completed.

[0046] Compared to existing manual cutting methods, this invention improves efficiency by more than 80% and significantly enhances safety; compared to medium-sized electric slicers, it reduces size by 70% and weight by 80%, enabling portable on-site operations; compared to other portable forestry cutting equipment, it adds multi-size adaptation, precise shredding, and convenient collection functions, filling the technological gap in the processing of inspection and quarantine samples.

Claims

1. A cutting and crushing device for multi-sized log samples, characterized in that, It includes a fixing frame (4), a chassis (6), a sample clamping structure, a driving structure and a cutting structure; the fixing frame (4) is assembled on the chassis (6) by screws, and a protective shell (15) is installed on the fixing frame (4); a material collection area is provided on the chassis (6); The sample clamping structure consists of three sets, evenly distributed on the chassis (6). Each set of sample clamping structures includes a square linear bearing (7), a linear bearing seat (8), a guide rod (10), and a guide rod spring (9). The chassis (6) has a guide groove. The guide rod (10) has a boss at its lower front and is inserted into the guide groove. The other end of the guide rod (10) is installed in the square linear bearing (7) to achieve axial positioning. The rear end of the guide rod (10) has a handle for easy gripping. The guide rod spring (9) is sleeved on the outside of the guide rod (10) and is used to drive the guide rod (10) to move axially along the guide groove to clamp log samples of different sizes or shapes. The drive structure includes a handle (1), an eccentric bearing (2), a rotating shaft (3), a circular linear bearing (12), a push rod (14), and a push rod spring (13). The circular linear bearing (12) is fixed to the fixing frame (4) by screws. The push rod (14) passes through the circular linear bearing (12), and the push rod spring (13) is sleeved on the outside of the push rod (14). The eccentric bearing (2) is installed on the rotating shaft (3) and contacts the top end of the push rod (14). The handle (1) is installed on the shaft end of the rotating shaft (3) and is used to drive the rotating shaft (3) and the eccentric bearing (2) to rotate synchronously, thereby driving the push rod (14) to rise and fall axially along the circular linear bearing (12). The cutting structure is a multi-blade cutter head (5), which is fixedly connected and installed below the top rod (14). It has a clearance area that corresponds to the three sets of sample clamping structures. The clearance area is used to avoid interference between the multi-blade cutter head (5) and the guide rod (10) and the guide rod spring (9) when the multi-blade cutter head (5) cuts downward.

2. The cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top rod (14) has an external thread machined below it. The top surface of the multi-blade cutter head (5) is provided with a hexagonal mounting platform. The hexagonal mounting platform is machined with an internal thread that matches the external thread of the top rod (14). A spring washer (11) is installed between the top rod (14) and the multi-blade cutter head (5) to prevent loosening.

3. The cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The side of the multi-blade cutter head (5) is designed in a V shape with a V angle of 170°.

4. The cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The blades of the multi-blade cutter head (5) are arranged in 30 rows and 3 columns, and are divided into 4 blade areas by the columns. The blade thickness and the spacing are both 2mm.

5. The cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The push rod spring (13) compresses to generate damping force when the handle (1) is turned, and relaxes to drive the push rod (14), eccentric bearing (2) and handle (1) to automatically reset after the handle (1) is released.

6. The cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The multi-blade cutter head (5) is a replaceable structure. By replacing the multi-blade cutter head (5) with different specifications, the size and shape of the shredded sample can be controlled.

7. The cutting and crushing device for multi-size log samples according to claim 1, characterized in that, The spacing of the three sets of sample clamping structures is adjusted by pulling the handle of the corresponding guide rod (10).

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