Thermal power plant boiler carbon emission reduction system

Abstract

The invention provides a thermal power plant boiler carbon emission reduction system. The thermal power plant boiler carbon emission reduction system comprises a boiler, a flue gas treatment module, a waste heat recovery module, a carbon oxide collection module, a carbon oxide treatment device and a monitoring module, the flue gas treatment module is used for primarily purifying flue gas from a boiler; the waste heat recovery module is used for recovering heat energy in the flue gas after primary purification; the oxidized carbon substance collecting module is used for capturing oxidized carbon substances in the flue gas subjected to primary purification; the oxidized carbon substance treatment device is used for carrying out conversion treatment on the captured oxidized carbon substances; the monitoring module is in signal connection with differential pressure sensors arranged in front of and behind the oxidized carbon material collecting module, is used for monitoring the filtering differential pressure representing the blockage degree, is connected with the control end of the oxidized carbon material collecting module, and is configured to automatically control the cleaning operation of the oxidized carbon material collecting module according to the filtering differential pressure; and long-term smooth and stable operation of a carbon oxide trapping link can be effectively maintained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of boiler emission reduction technology, and in particular to a carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers. Background Technology

[0002] Carbon emission reduction systems in boiler flue gas at thermal power plants typically include a carbon oxide capture stage, primarily for carbon dioxide. In this stage, the flue gas flows through devices equipped with filters or adsorbents to enrich the carbon oxides. However, in actual operation, impurities such as particulate matter carried by the flue gas gradually adhere to and clog the pores or surfaces of the filters or adsorbents, leading to a continuous increase in flue gas flow resistance and a decrease in system processing efficiency. In severe cases, this can even force the entire system to shut down for manual cleaning, seriously affecting the continuity and economic efficiency of the carbon emission reduction process.

[0003] Therefore, how to effectively maintain the long-term smooth and stable operation of the carbon oxide capture process has become an urgent technical problem to be solved. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides a carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers to address the shortcomings of existing technologies that make it difficult to maintain long-term uninterrupted and stable operation of the carbon oxide capture process.

[0005] In a first aspect, the present invention provides a carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler, including a boiler, and further including a flue gas treatment module, a waste heat recovery module, a carbon oxide collection module, a carbon oxide treatment device and a monitoring module connected in sequence by pipelines.

[0006] The flue gas treatment module is used to perform preliminary purification of the flue gas from the boiler;

[0007] The waste heat recovery module is used to recover the heat energy in the flue gas after preliminary purification.

[0008] The carbon oxide collection module is used to capture carbon oxides in the flue gas after preliminary purification.

[0009] The carbon oxide treatment device is used to convert the captured carbon oxides.

[0010] The monitoring module is connected to differential pressure sensors located before and after the carbon oxide collection module to monitor the filtration differential pressure, which characterizes the degree of blockage. It is also connected to the control terminal of the carbon oxide collection module and configured to automatically control the cleaning operation of the carbon oxide collection module based on the filtration differential pressure.

[0011] According to the present invention, a carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler is provided, wherein the carbon oxide collection module adopts a parallel redundant filter unit group design, including at least two filter units with the same structure, an isolation valve group connected to the inlet and outlet of each filter unit, and a gas collection header connecting the outlet of each unit.

[0012] The isolation valve group includes an inlet valve and an outlet valve, both of which are independently controlled by the monitoring module;

[0013] The monitoring module is configured to execute an online rotation cleaning procedure: when the filtration pressure difference of a certain filter unit reaches a preset cleaning threshold, the inlet valve and outlet valve are closed to isolate it from the main flue gas passage, while at least another filter unit continues to operate, and the cleaning operation is started in the isolated state.

[0014] According to the carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler provided by the present invention, the filtration and purification components in each filtration unit are a three-layer functional structure arranged in series from top to bottom:

[0015] The first layer is a sintered metal fiber filter plate with a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating on the surface, used to intercept fly ash and large particles in flue gas.

[0016] The second layer is a regular ceramic corrugated plate loaded with amine-functionalized adsorbents, used for the chemical adsorption of carbon dioxide;

[0017] The third layer is a composite packed bed containing alkaline activated carbon and transition metal oxide catalysts, used to remove sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds.

[0018] According to the present invention, a carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler is provided, wherein the amine-functionalized adsorbent loaded on the regular ceramic corrugated plate is a mesoporous silica composite material grafted with polyethyleneimine.

[0019] In the composite packed bed, the alkaline activated carbon is coconut shell activated carbon activated by KOH, and the transition metal oxide catalyst is a low-temperature SCR catalyst supported on γ-alumina and loaded with copper-manganese composite oxide.

[0020] A carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler according to the present invention further includes a steam recovery and utilization unit.

[0021] The input end of the steam recovery and utilization unit is connected to the flue gas output end of the boiler, and is used to recover steam in the flue gas.

[0022] The vapor phase output end of the water vapor recovery and utilization unit is equipped with an oxygen extraction module, and the output end of the oxygen extraction module is connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide collection module.

[0023] According to the present invention, a carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler includes a steam recovery and utilization unit comprising a steam turbine module and a condenser module.

[0024] The turbine module uses the recovered water vapor to do work, and the condenser module condenses the exhaust steam after it has done work.

[0025] The condensate output terminal of the condenser module is connected to the waste heat recovery module via a pipeline.

[0026] A carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler according to the present invention further includes an ammonia utilization unit;

[0027] The ammonia utilization unit includes an ammonia feedstock supply module and an ammonia fuel power generation module;

[0028] The output of the ammonia feedstock supply module is connected to the ammonia injection port of the boiler and the ammonia fuel power generation module, respectively.

[0029] The flue gas output terminal of the ammonia fuel power generation module is connected to the flue gas treatment module.

[0030] According to the present invention, a carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler includes a monitoring module that further includes a data storage and analysis module for recording and analyzing historical differential pressure data and cleaning records, and optimizing cleaning control strategies and generating maintenance early warnings based on the analysis results.

[0031] According to the present invention, a carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler further includes an alarm module connected to the monitoring module;

[0032] The alarm module is configured to receive graded early warning signals from the monitoring module and execute corresponding levels of audible and visual alarms.

[0033] A carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler according to the present invention further includes an integrated thermal management system;

[0034] The integrated thermal management system includes a heat exchange network and a heat distribution controller;

[0035] The heat exchange network is used to integrate the heat energy recovered by the waste heat recovery module, the condensation heat released by the condenser module in the steam recovery and utilization unit, and the waste heat generated by the ammonia fuel power generation module.

[0036] The heat distribution controller communicates with the monitoring module to optimize the distribution of the integrated heat energy according to the needs of each heat-using unit in the system.

[0037] The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers provided by this invention can detect the blockage status in real time and accurately by monitoring the filtration pressure difference of the carbon oxide collection module, and automatically start and stop the anti-blockage cleaning module accordingly. This fundamentally avoids system performance degradation or unplanned shutdowns caused by blockage accumulation, ensuring continuous, stable and efficient operation of the entire carbon emission reduction process. Attached Figure Description

[0038] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in this invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of this invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without creative effort.

[0039] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler provided in this embodiment;

[0040] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ammonia feedstock module provided in this embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0041] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the technical solutions of this invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this invention. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this invention without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0042] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler provided in this embodiment; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the ammonia feedstock module provided in this embodiment.

[0043] like Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, the carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers provided in this embodiment of the invention operates according to the process of "boiler exhaust → preliminary purification of flue gas → waste heat recovery of flue gas → carbon oxide capture → carbon oxide conversion treatment → intelligent monitoring and control throughout the process". Each module is closely connected through pipelines, which not only ensures the continuity of flue gas treatment, but also achieves efficient carbon emission reduction.

[0044] First, the entire system is assembled according to the pre-set connection relationships to ensure coordinated operation of all modules. The flue gas output end of the boiler is connected to the flue gas treatment module through a sealed pipe. The output end of the flue gas treatment module is sequentially connected to the waste heat recovery module, the carbon dioxide collection module, and the carbon dioxide treatment device through pipes. The monitoring module establishes signal connections with the differential pressure sensors deployed before and after the carbon dioxide collection module, and simultaneously establishes an electrical connection with the control end of the carbon dioxide collection module to ensure real-time reception of blockage status data and accurate issuance of control commands.

[0045] The input end of the steam recovery and utilization unit is connected to the boiler flue gas output end, and the oxygen extraction module configured at its gas phase output end is connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide collection module via a pipeline. This unit includes a steam turbine module and a condenser module. The condensate output end of the condenser module is connected to the waste heat recovery module via a pipeline to realize the circulation heating of the condensate.

[0046] The ammonia feedstock supply module of the ammonia utilization unit is connected to the ammonia injection port of the boiler and the ammonia fuel power generation module through branch pipes. The flue gas output end of the ammonia fuel power generation module is connected to the flue gas treatment module through a pipe to ensure that the power generation flue gas is uniformly purified.

[0047] The heat exchange network of the integrated thermal management system is connected to the waste heat recovery module, the condenser module of the steam recovery and utilization unit, and the ammonia fuel power generation module, respectively. The heat distribution controller and the monitoring module establish bidirectional communication.

[0048] The alarm module is connected to the monitoring module via signal. The alarm module includes a buzzer and an alarm light, which are used to provide hierarchical feedback on the system's operating status.

[0049] After assembly, a pre-start inspection is conducted to confirm that all pipe joints are properly sealed, with no air or water leaks; that the isolation valve group (including inlet and outlet valves) operates flexibly and reliably; that the sensors and monitoring modules communicate normally; and that the power and gas supply lines for each module are securely connected. After confirming that everything is correct, the system is started in the following sequence: "Auxiliary unit pre-start → Core processing unit start → Monitoring system calibration," ensuring that each module gradually enters a stable operating state.

[0050] The flue gas produced after the boiler burns fuel, containing carbon dioxide, soot, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, and large particulate impurities, is transported through pipelines to the flue gas treatment module. The core function of the flue gas treatment module is to achieve preliminary purification of the flue gas, removing most of the impurities that could easily cause blockage or pollution of subsequent equipment.

[0051] The flue gas treatment module has a built-in coarse filter component, which can be selected from metal filter screen, inertial dust collector or cyclone separator. It uses the principle of physical interception to treat flue gas. The flue gas flows through the filter component at an appropriate flow rate. Through the interception of the filter screen pores, inertial collision or centrifugal separation, the coarse smoke dust, dust and large particulate impurities in the flue gas are separated and the impurities settle into the dust collection bin at the bottom of the module.

[0052] Depending on the dust content of the flue gas from thermal power plants, different types of coarse filter components can be selected. For scenarios with low dust content, metal mesh filters can be used, which are simple in structure and easy to maintain. For scenarios with high dust content, cyclone separators can be selected, which have higher separation efficiency and can reduce the frequency of clogging of filter components.

[0053] It effectively removes most of the large particulate impurities in the flue gas, preventing the heat exchange surface of the subsequent waste heat recovery module and the filter / adsorption medium of the carbon oxide collection module from being blocked, laying the foundation for the efficient operation of subsequent stages, while reducing the maintenance cost of subsequent modules and realizing the preset function of preliminary flue gas purification.

[0054] The pre-purified flue gas enters the waste heat recovery module through pipelines. The waste heat recovery module has a built-in heat exchanger, which can be selected from shell-and-tube, plate, or spiral plate types according to different operating conditions to achieve efficient heat transfer between flue gas and heat exchange medium (such as boiler feedwater or circulating water). At the same time, the condensate from the condenser module in the steam recovery and utilization unit is transported to this module through pipelines for secondary heating.

[0055] Flue gas flows in the flow channel of the heat exchanger, while the heat exchange medium flows in the opposite direction on the other side. The waste heat in the flue gas is transferred to the heat exchange medium through heat conduction. The heat exchange network of the integrated thermal management system simultaneously collects the flue gas heat energy recovered by this module and incorporates it into the overall heat distribution system.

[0056] To meet the heat demands of thermal power plants of different sizes, heat exchanger types can be flexibly selected. Plate heat exchangers can be used for small and medium-sized power plants due to their high heat exchange efficiency and small footprint. Spiral plate heat exchangers can be used for large power plants or in environments with high dust content, as they have stronger anti-clogging capabilities and higher operational stability.

[0057] On the one hand, it fully recovers the unused waste heat in the flue gas, improving the overall energy utilization rate of the power plant, reducing energy consumption and operating costs, and enhancing energy efficiency. On the other hand, it lowers the flue gas temperature to a range suitable for subsequent adsorption reactions, effectively improving the adsorption efficiency of the adsorbent in the carbon oxide collection module, creating conditions for efficient carbon capture.

[0058] The carbon dioxide collection module is the core functional unit of the system, combining carbon dioxide capture, multi-pollutant removal, and online anti-clogging cleaning functions. It employs a parallel redundant filter unit design, containing at least two structurally identical filter units. This allows for flexible addition or reduction based on the flue gas processing capacity of the thermal power plant, adapting to different installed capacity scenarios. Each filter unit has isolation valve assemblies (including independently controlled inlet and outlet valves) installed at its inlet and outlet. The outlets of all filter units are connected to a common gas collection header for centralized delivery of purified flue gas. Each filter unit contains three functional layers connected in series from top to bottom, each layer fixed by a flange for easy disassembly, maintenance, and component replacement.

[0059] The first layer is a sintered metal fiber filter plate with a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating on its surface. The hydrophobic coating can be made of polytetrafluoroethylene or silicon-based materials, which can reduce the adhesion of impurities and the retention of moisture. It is mainly used to intercept fly ash and large particles in flue gas.

[0060] The second layer consists of a regular ceramic corrugated plate loaded with an amine-functionalized adsorbent. The adsorbent is a mesoporous silica composite material grafted with polyethyleneimine. To adapt to different flue gas temperature scenarios, amine-functionalized molecular sieves can also be used as alternative adsorbents to improve adsorption stability under low or high temperature environments.

[0061] The third layer is a composite packed bed containing alkaline activated carbon and transition metal oxide catalysts. The alkaline activated carbon is coconut shell activated carbon activated by KOH, and the transition metal oxide catalyst is a low-temperature SCR catalyst with γ-alumina as the support and copper-manganese composite oxide supported. The two materials are mixed and packed in an appropriate ratio to achieve simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants.

[0062] Flue gas is evenly distributed to each operating filtration unit through the main gas collection pipe, flowing sequentially through three functional layers from top to bottom: First layer: The self-cleaning hydrophobic coating of the sintered metal fiber filter plate reduces impurity adhesion, physically intercepting fly ash and large particles to prevent clogging of subsequent adsorption layers and ensure smooth flue gas flow. Second layer: Amine-functionalized adsorbents combine with carbon dioxide through chemical action, achieving efficient enrichment and capture of carbon dioxide. The regular structural design of the adsorbent increases the contact area between the flue gas and the adsorbent, improving capture efficiency. Third layer: KOH-activated coconut shell activated carbon adsorbs sulfur dioxide and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). A low-temperature SCR catalyst catalyzes the reaction of nitrogen oxides with ammonia (from the ammonia feedstock module) at an appropriate operating temperature, achieving simultaneous removal of sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and VOCs.

[0063] The monitoring module executes an online rotational cleaning program, fully adaptable to continuous operation requirements. The monitoring module receives signals from the differential pressure sensors before and after each filter unit in real time, and determines the degree of clogging by analyzing the trend of differential pressure changes; a larger differential pressure indicates a more severe clogging.

[0064] When the filtration pressure difference of a certain filter unit reaches the preset cleaning threshold, the monitoring module immediately issues an instruction to close the inlet valve and outlet valve of that filter unit, isolating it from the main flue gas passage, while keeping at least one other filter unit running normally to ensure that the carbon capture process of the system is not interrupted.

[0065] Activate the anti-clogging cleaning module of the isolation filter unit. The cleaning module consists of a power module and a cleaning module. The power module drives the cleaning plate to reciprocate or rotate along the surface of the filter plate. The cleaning brush makes slight contact with the surface of the filter plate to scrape off the attached fly ash and impurities. The scraped impurities fall into the dust collection box at the bottom of the unit and can be disassembled and cleaned periodically.

[0066] For flue gas scenarios with a lot of sticky impurities, the cleaning module can be replaced with a pulse jet cleaning structure, which uses high-pressure gas to instantly spray the surface of the filter plate to quickly remove sticky impurities and shorten the cleaning time.

[0067] After cleaning, the monitoring module detects the pressure difference of the filter unit. If the pressure difference drops to the normal operating range, the inlet valve and outlet valve are opened to reconnect it to the main flue gas passage. If the pressure difference is still in the abnormal range, the cleaning operation is repeated or a maintenance warning signal is issued.

[0068] It enables the simultaneous treatment of carbon dioxide and multiple pollutants, with stable capture and removal effects. Online rotation cleaning eliminates the need for downtime, fundamentally avoiding system performance degradation or unplanned downtime caused by blockages, ensuring the continuity of the carbon emission reduction process, and reducing manual cleaning costs.

[0069] The carbon dioxide collected by the carbon dioxide collection module is transported through pipelines to the carbon dioxide treatment unit. Built-in adsorbent materials, such as molecular sieves and activated alumina, and treatment solutions, such as alkanolamine solutions and potassium carbonate solutions, are used to convert and treat the carbon dioxide using a combined "adsorption-absorption" process.

[0070] First, the carbon dioxide is further purified by adsorption materials to remove trace impurities and improve gas purity. Then, the carbon dioxide is allowed to come into full contact with the treatment solution, and stable compounds or easily separable intermediate products are generated through chemical reactions. The conversion products can be recycled and reused as chemical raw materials or disposed of in a harmless manner, depending on actual needs.

[0071] To achieve carbon emission reduction and environmental protection, ensuring that the gases emitted by the power plant meet environmental standards.

[0072] The monitoring module, acting as the system's "core brain," enables intelligent control throughout the entire process. It uses differential pressure sensors to monitor the filtration differential pressure of each filter unit in the carbon oxide collection module in real time, accurately characterizing the degree of blockage. Simultaneously, it monitors key data such as the heat exchange temperature of the waste heat recovery module, the steam pressure of the steam recovery and utilization unit, the operating parameters of the ammonia fuel power generation module, and the flue gas flow rate of each pipeline, providing a comprehensive understanding of the system's operating status. It automatically starts / stops the online rotation cleaning program of the carbon oxide collection module based on the filtration differential pressure. It coordinates the valve opening and closing of the steam recovery and utilization unit, the ammonia injection rate of the ammonia feedstock module, dynamically adjusting based on the pollutant content in the flue gas, and the heat distribution ratio of the integrated thermal management system to ensure the adaptive operation of each module. Through a built-in data storage and analysis module, it records historical differential pressure data, the time and duration of each cleaning cycle, the operating parameters of each module, and early warning records. The storage medium can be an industrial-grade SD card or a solid-state drive, supporting long-term local data storage and simultaneous uploading to a cloud server for backup.

[0073] Trend analysis algorithms are used to analyze clogging patterns, such as the clogging cycle of the filter unit and the clogging rate under different operating conditions. Based on the analysis results, cleaning control strategies are optimized, such as adjusting the cleaning threshold, cleaning frequency, and cleaning duration. At the same time, maintenance warnings are generated, such as reminders to replace the adsorbent, clean the dust collection box, and inspect the catalyst.

[0074] Level 1 warning (minor abnormality): When the filter pressure difference approaches the preset threshold or the temperature of the waste heat recovery module deviates from the normal range, the control alarm module will activate a flashing yellow light and intermittent buzzer.

[0075] Level 2 Warning (Severe Abnormality): When the filter pressure difference far exceeds the threshold, or when the module malfunctions, such as the valve being unable to open or close, the sensor failing, or pollutant emissions exceeding the standard, the control alarm module will activate a red light that stays on and a continuous buzzer. At the same time, the warning information will be transmitted to the terminal, such as the computer or mobile terminal in the staff control room, through the output module, so that the staff can handle it in a timely manner.

[0076] To ensure the stability of monitoring and control, a wired + wireless signal transmission method is adopted. Core signals such as differential pressure, ammonia concentration, and temperature are transmitted through shielded cables to reduce electromagnetic interference. Auxiliary signals such as flow rate and liquid level can be transmitted wirelessly to avoid data interruption caused by failure of a single transmission method. The cables are laid in conduits for protection and maintain an appropriate distance from power cables to further reduce the impact of electromagnetic interference.

[0077] Meanwhile, a data filtering algorithm is used to remove instantaneous fluctuation data, and a dual confirmation mechanism is set for the control command. After the monitoring module issues a valve opening and closing command, it needs to receive a feedback signal from the valve position sensor to confirm that the valve is in position. Otherwise, it will retry. If multiple retries fail, an early warning will be issued to avoid misjudgment and misoperation.

[0078] To achieve intelligent and automated system operation, reduce manual intervention, accurately detect faults and blockages, improve the reliability, stability and economy of system operation, facilitate staff use, and ensure safe system operation.

[0079] During boiler flue gas exhaust, a portion of the flue gas is diverted to the steam recovery and utilization unit, realizing the recovery of steam energy and water resources, as well as the extraction and utilization of oxygen. The steam in the flue gas enters the turbine module, driving the turbine rotor to rotate and generate electricity, providing auxiliary power to the power plant. The exhaust steam (low-pressure steam) after work is transported to the condenser module, where it is cooled and condensed into liquid water by cooling water. The condensate from the condenser module is transported through pipelines to the waste heat recovery module, where it is heated using the recovered flue gas heat energy and then returned to the boiler as feedwater, achieving water resource recycling and full utilization. The gas phase output of the steam recovery and utilization unit is connected to the oxygen extraction module, where oxygen is extracted from the gas using membrane separation or pressure swing adsorption. The extracted oxygen is transported to the input of the carbon dioxide collection module to assist the adsorption reaction of the second layer of amine-functionalized adsorbent with carbon dioxide, improving adsorption efficiency.

[0080] By recovering water vapor energy and water resources from flue gas, the power plant's water and electricity consumption can be reduced, while also providing auxiliary conditions for carbon capture and improving the overall energy efficiency of the system.

[0081] The ammonia utilization unit serves as a low-carbon auxiliary module, achieving dual functions of desulfurization and denitrification, as well as low-carbon power generation, while avoiding secondary pollution. The ammonia feedstock supply module stores liquid ammonia, which is converted into gaseous ammonia through a vaporization device. A portion of the gaseous ammonia is transported through pipelines to the ammonia injection port of the boiler, where it reacts chemically with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the boiler flue gas, such as in ammonia-based desulfurization and SCR denitrification reactions, thus achieving flue gas pretreatment. The ammonia injection rate is dynamically adjusted by the monitoring module based on the pollutant content in the flue gas to prevent excessive ammonia emissions.

[0082] Another portion of the gaseous ammonia is transported to ammonia fuel power generation modules, such as ammonia fuel cells and ammonia gas turbines, to generate electricity through the combustion or electrochemical reaction of ammonia. The generated electricity can be directly supplied to various modules of the system, such as the motors of the monitoring module, the anti-clogging and cleaning module, and the oxygen extraction module, to achieve low-carbon power generation and reduce the carbon emissions of the thermal power plant.

[0083] The small amount of flue gas generated during the operation of the ammonia fuel power generation module is transported through pipelines to the flue gas treatment module, where it is purified together with the boiler flue gas to avoid secondary pollution.

[0084] Ammonia concentration sensors are installed around the ammonia feedstock supply module and the ammonia fuel power generation module. These sensors are connected to the monitoring module to monitor ammonia leaks in real time. When the ammonia concentration reaches the first-level warning threshold, a first-level warning (yellow light + intermittent buzzer) is activated, and the plant ventilation system is opened. When the ammonia concentration reaches the second-level warning threshold, an emergency shutdown is triggered, the main valve of the ammonia feedstock supply module is shut off, and the ammonia absorption device is activated to quickly handle the leaked ammonia.

[0085] Ammonia storage areas are equipped with dikes and leakage collection tanks. The collected ammonia-containing wastewater is treated in a neutralization pond before being discharged, thus avoiding soil and water pollution.

[0086] This reduces the pollutant content in boiler flue gas, lowers the power plant's reliance on traditional electricity, achieves additional carbon emission reductions, and avoids ammonia waste and secondary pollution, allowing the flue gas generated by the ammonia fuel power generation module to be effectively treated.

[0087] The integrated thermal management system is responsible for consolidating and distributing all waste heat within the system to maximize energy utilization. Through a heat exchange network, it collects three types of waste heat: the flue gas heat recovered by the waste heat recovery module, the condensation heat released by the condenser module in the steam recovery and utilization unit, and the waste heat generated by the ammonia fuel power generation module. These three types of waste heat are then centrally integrated into a stable thermal energy resource.

[0088] The heat distribution controller communicates with the monitoring module to obtain the real-time demand of each heat-using unit in the system, such as boiler feedwater heating demand, plant heating demand, ammonia fuel power generation module preheating demand, adsorbent regeneration demand, etc. It optimizes the distribution of integrated heat energy according to the principle of prioritizing core demand, and prioritizes meeting core heat-using demands such as boiler feedwater heating.

[0089] Maximize the utilization of waste heat resources within the system, reduce heat energy waste, lower the power plant's additional energy consumption, and further improve the system's economic performance and environmental benefits.

[0090] During normal system shutdown, first close the ammonia supply valve at the boiler ammonia injection port, stop the ammonia fuel power generation module, and after the residual ammonia in the module is completely treated, close the inlet valve of the flue gas treatment module. Stop the heat exchange medium circulation of the waste heat recovery module and transfer the residual heat energy to the energy storage unit for storage through the integrated thermal management system. Start the cleaning program of all filter units to remove residual impurities, then sequentially shut down the carbon oxide collection module and treatment device, and finally disconnect the power supply to the monitoring module. Open the pipeline vent valve to discharge the residual flue gas, which will be discharged after harmless treatment, and then close all isolation valves.

[0091] If an ammonia leak is detected and the ammonia concentration sensor reading reaches the emergency threshold, an emergency shutdown will be immediately triggered. The main valve of the ammonia feedstock supply module will be shut off, the ammonia absorption unit will be activated, and the plant ventilation system will be turned on. Personnel wearing protective gear will then investigate the leak point. If the pressure differential of the filter unit suddenly increases and falls within the abnormal pressure differential range, indicating severe blockage, the system will immediately switch to the backup filter unit, close the inlet and outlet valves of the faulty unit, issue a level-two warning, and initiate an enhanced cleaning procedure, such as extending the cleaning time and increasing the cleaning intensity. If abnormally high temperatures occur in the heat exchanger or abnormal pipeline pressure, the corresponding module will be immediately shut down, relevant connections will be cut off, an alarm will be issued, and personnel will be awaited to handle the situation.

[0092] Regularly disassemble and inspect the sintered metal fiber filter plates according to operating conditions. If wear or damage to the coating is found, promptly reapply the hydrophobic coating or replace the filter plates. Regularly test the adsorption capacity of the amine-functionalized adsorbent. If the adsorption capacity drops to a certain percentage of its initial state, perform regeneration treatment, such as purging with inert gas or replacement. Regularly replace the alkaline activated carbon and catalyst based on the pollutant removal effect. If a significant decrease in pollutant removal rate is observed, immediately initiate the replacement process. Regularly clean the dust collection box and dust collection chamber to prevent impurities from overflowing and causing secondary blockages. Regularly calibrate the accuracy of sensors and valves, check the flexibility and sealing of valve opening and closing, and promptly replace aging or faulty components.

[0093] Before maintenance, the power supply to the corresponding module must be disconnected, and a "Maintenance in Progress" sign must be displayed. Ammonia-related modules must be purged with inert gas before maintenance to ensure that there is no residual ammonia inside. When replacing adsorbents, catalysts, or other materials, wear a gas mask and acid- and alkali-resistant gloves to avoid direct contact with hazardous substances.

[0094] This system achieves four core safeguards through the coordinated operation of its various modules:

[0095] Continuity assurance: The parallel redundancy design of the carbon oxide collection module and the online rotation cleaning program prevent system downtime due to cleaning or failure of a single filter unit, ensuring continuous operation of the entire carbon emission reduction process.

[0096] High efficiency guaranteed: The three-layer filtration and purification structure, plus a special adsorbent / catalyst, enables efficient capture of carbon dioxide and simultaneous removal of multiple pollutants. The recovery and utilization of waste heat and water resources significantly improves energy efficiency. Compared with traditional single-function systems, the overall energy efficiency is greatly improved.

[0097] Safety assurance: Full-process intelligent monitoring + hierarchical alarm function + special safety protection measures, timely detection and handling of abnormal situations, prevention of system failure from escalation, and ensuring the safety of personnel and equipment.

[0098] Economic advantages: No need for frequent shutdowns for cleaning, reducing labor maintenance costs; waste heat and water resource recovery and low-carbon power generation reduce power plant operating costs, and the investment payback period is shorter compared to traditional carbon emission reduction systems.

[0099] The device embodiments described above are merely illustrative. The units described as separate components may or may not be physically separate. The components shown as units may or may not be physical units; that is, they may be located in one place or distributed across multiple network units. Some or all of the modules can be selected to achieve the purpose of this embodiment according to actual needs. Those skilled in the art can understand and implement this without any creative effort.

[0100] Through the above description of the embodiments, those skilled in the art can clearly understand that each embodiment can be implemented by means of software plus necessary general-purpose hardware platforms, and of course, it can also be implemented by hardware. Based on this understanding, the above technical solutions, in essence or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be embodied in the form of a software product. This computer software product can be stored in a computer-readable storage medium, such as ROM / RAM, magnetic disk, optical disk, etc., and includes several instructions to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to execute the methods described in the various embodiments or some parts of the embodiments.

[0101] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit them; although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some of the technical features; and these modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A carbon emission reduction system for a thermal power plant boiler, comprising a boiler, characterized in that, It also includes a flue gas treatment module, a waste heat recovery module, a carbon dioxide collection module, a carbon dioxide treatment device, and a monitoring module, which are connected in sequence by pipelines; The flue gas treatment module is used to perform preliminary purification of the flue gas from the boiler; The waste heat recovery module is used to recover the heat energy in the flue gas after preliminary purification. The carbon oxide collection module is used to capture carbon oxides in the flue gas after preliminary purification. The carbon oxide treatment device is used to convert the captured carbon oxides. The monitoring module is connected to differential pressure sensors located before and after the carbon oxide collection module to monitor the filtration differential pressure, which characterizes the degree of blockage. It is also connected to the control terminal of the carbon oxide collection module and configured to automatically control the cleaning operation of the carbon oxide collection module based on the filtration differential pressure.

2. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The carbon oxide collection module adopts a parallel redundant filter unit group design, including at least two filter units with the same structure, an isolation valve group connected to the inlet and outlet of each filter unit, and a gas collection header connecting the outlet of each unit. The isolation valve group includes an inlet valve and an outlet valve, both of which are independently controlled by the monitoring module; The monitoring module is configured to execute an online rotation cleaning procedure: when the filtration pressure difference of a certain filter unit reaches a preset cleaning threshold, the inlet valve and outlet valve are closed to isolate it from the main flue gas passage, while at least another filter unit continues to operate, and the cleaning operation is started in the isolated state.

3. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 2, characterized in that, The filtration and purification components within each filtration unit are a three-layer functional structure arranged in series from top to bottom: The first layer is a sintered metal fiber filter plate with a self-cleaning hydrophobic coating on the surface, used to intercept fly ash and large particles in flue gas. The second layer is a regular ceramic corrugated plate loaded with amine-functionalized adsorbents, used for the chemical adsorption of carbon dioxide; The third layer is a composite packed bed containing alkaline activated carbon and transition metal oxide catalysts, used to remove sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds.

4. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 3, characterized in that, The amine-functionalized adsorbent loaded on the regular ceramic corrugated plate is a mesoporous silica composite material grafted with polyethyleneimine. In the composite packed bed, the alkaline activated carbon is coconut shell activated carbon activated by KOH, and the transition metal oxide catalyst is a low-temperature SCR catalyst supported on γ-alumina and loaded with copper-manganese composite oxide.

5. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes a water vapor recovery and utilization unit; The input end of the steam recovery and utilization unit is connected to the flue gas output end of the boiler, and is used to recover steam in the flue gas. The vapor phase output end of the water vapor recovery and utilization unit is equipped with an oxygen extraction module, and the output end of the oxygen extraction module is connected to the input end of the carbon dioxide collection module.

6. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 5, characterized in that, The steam recovery and utilization unit includes a steam turbine module and a condenser module; The turbine module uses the recovered water vapor to do work, and the condenser module condenses the exhaust steam after it has done work. The condensate output terminal of the condenser module is connected to the waste heat recovery module via a pipeline.

7. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an ammonia utilization unit; The ammonia utilization unit includes an ammonia feedstock supply module and an ammonia fuel power generation module; The output of the ammonia feedstock supply module is connected to the ammonia injection port of the boiler and the ammonia fuel power generation module, respectively. The flue gas output terminal of the ammonia fuel power generation module is connected to the flue gas treatment module.

8. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, The monitoring module also includes a data storage and analysis module, which is used to record and analyze historical differential pressure data and cleaning records, and optimize cleaning control strategies and generate maintenance early warnings based on the analysis results.

9. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 8, characterized in that, It also includes an alarm module connected to the monitoring module; The alarm module is configured to receive graded early warning signals from the monitoring module and execute corresponding levels of audible and visual alarms.

10. The carbon emission reduction system for thermal power plant boilers according to claim 1, characterized in that, It also includes an integrated thermal management system; The integrated thermal management system includes a heat exchange network and a heat distribution controller; The heat exchange network is used to integrate the heat energy recovered by the waste heat recovery module, the condensation heat released by the condenser module in the utilization unit, and the waste heat generated by the ammonia fuel power generation module. The heat distribution controller communicates with the monitoring module to optimize the distribution of the integrated heat energy according to the needs of each heat-using unit in the system.

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