Multi-stage buffering energy-absorbing anti-collision beam
By using a segmented, multi-stage energy-absorbing structure and a screw-connected anti-collision beam design, the problems of complex processes and uneconomical maintenance in existing technologies are solved, achieving efficient and economical energy absorption and structural consistency.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2026-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-04-14
AI Technical Summary
The existing anti-collision beam structure is made of a single metal material welded together. The process is complex, the dimensional accuracy of the components is difficult to control, the heat-affected zone of the welding weakens the local structure, the overall structure has inconsistent impact energy absorption, and the whole structure needs to be replaced after local damage, which is uneconomical to repair.
It adopts a segmented structure and multi-stage energy absorption design, forming a three-stage energy absorption structure through screw connection. Each part is detachable and replaceable. The rectangular main body and reinforcing plate are produced in one piece using pultrusion process to ensure consistent deformation and high-precision cutting, eliminating the welding process.
This technology enables the disassembly and maintenance of multi-stage energy-absorbing structures, reducing maintenance costs and time, improving the energy absorption effect and overall performance consistency of the structure, and avoiding the heat-affected zone problem caused by traditional welding.
Smart Images
Figure CN121849067A_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This invention belongs to the field of automotive collision safety technology, and in particular relates to a multi-level buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam. Background Technology
[0002] Automotive crash beams are a crucial safety feature located at the front and rear of a vehicle. In the event of a collision, they absorb and disperse impact energy to protect the structural integrity of the passenger compartment, thereby reducing passenger injury. Furthermore, as an important component of the passenger vehicle's body structure, the crash beam's manufacturability, crashworthiness, collision energy absorption, structural integrity, maintainability, and economy play a vital role in protecting occupant safety, vehicle safety, and the cost-effectiveness of maintenance.
[0003] Existing crash beam structures are mostly welded structures made of a single metal material, such as steel or aluminum alloy. They require the metal sheets to be stamped and pultruded first, and then welded together. This process is complex, requires multiple steps, and the dimensional accuracy of the components is difficult to control. The heat-affected zone generated by the welding process will significantly weaken the load-bearing capacity of the local structure, making it impossible to guarantee the consistency of the overall structure in terms of collision energy absorption. Even if the overall structure is subjected to impact load deformation and local damage occurs, the entire crash beam structure must be replaced. Local repairs are not possible, which is detrimental to the economic efficiency of vehicle maintenance. Summary of the Invention
[0004] In view of this, the present invention aims to provide a multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam, which adopts a segmented structure and a multi-stage energy-absorbing structure, has segmented and multi-stage energy-absorbing capabilities, and can quickly repair and replace the segmented structure and the multi-stage energy-absorbing structure.
[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution created by this invention is implemented as follows: A multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam includes a first buffer energy-absorbing structure, a second buffer energy-absorbing structure, a third buffer energy-absorbing structure, an energy-absorbing box, and a base plate. One end of the energy-absorbing box is connected to the base plate, and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure is installed at the other end of the energy-absorbing box. There are two energy-absorbing boxes, and both energy-absorbing boxes are connected to the third buffer energy-absorbing structure. The second buffer energy-absorbing structure is installed on the third buffer energy-absorbing structure at the end away from the energy-absorbing box, and the first buffer energy-absorbing structure is installed on the second buffer energy-absorbing structure at the end away from the third buffer energy-absorbing structure. A three-stage energy-absorbing structure is formed by the first, second, and third buffer energy-absorbing structures. The first and second buffer energy-absorbing structures are connected to each other, and the second and third buffer energy-absorbing structures are connected to each other by screws. The number of first buffer energy-absorbing structures is at least four. Each first buffer energy-absorbing structure includes a hollow rectangular body, a first reinforcing plate, and a first outer edge. There are at least four first reinforcing plates, which are arranged in parallel inside the rectangular body. The two ends of the rectangular body near the second buffer energy-absorbing structure protrude outward to form the first outer edge. The first outer edge is connected to the second buffer energy-absorbing structure by bolts, and energy is absorbed in segments by the at least four rectangular bodies.
[0006] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the hollow rectangular main body and the thickness of the first outer edge are both 0.5-2mm, and the thickness of the first reinforcing plate is less than the thickness of the first outer edge, so that the rectangular main body can form a consistent and coordinated deformation when subjected to force, thereby improving the energy absorption effect.
[0007] Furthermore, the number of second buffer energy-absorbing structures is at least two, and energy is absorbed in segments through at least two second buffer energy-absorbing structures.
[0008] Furthermore, the second buffer energy-absorbing structure includes a second fixed plate, a side plate, and a second reinforcing plate. There are two second fixed plates and two side plates, with the two second fixed plates arranged in parallel and the two side plates positioned between them. The second reinforcing plate is positioned between the two side plates. The number of second reinforcing plates is greater than the number of first reinforcing plates, which improves the overall strength and stiffness of the second buffer energy-absorbing structure, increases the structure's load-bearing capacity and energy absorption capacity, and makes the second buffer energy-absorbing structure less prone to local instability or premature fracture when subjected to impact loads, ensuring stable deformation and sufficient energy absorption during the impact process.
[0009] Furthermore, the second reinforcing plate is arranged parallel between the two second fixed plates, so that the impact load is uniformly transmitted and distributed in a single direction, ensuring that the structure forms a regular, stable and consistent axial deformation mode when under stress.
[0010] Furthermore, the cross-section of the second reinforcing plate is in the shape of a star and is set between the two second fixed plates. It can support the second buffer energy absorption structure from multiple angles and directions, significantly improving the structure's torsional performance, lateral stiffness and multi-directional load-bearing capacity. This allows the structure to maintain a stable deformation mode when subjected to impact loads in different directions, effectively avoiding local instability, bias or torsional failure, and further improving the overall energy absorption effect and structural reliability.
[0011] Furthermore, the second buffer energy-absorbing structure also includes a second outer edge. The end faces of the two second fixed plates near the side plates protrude outward to form the second outer edge. The second outer edge near the rectangular main body is connected to the corresponding first outer edge by bolts, so as to realize a reliable and stable rigid connection between the first buffer energy-absorbing structure and the second buffer energy-absorbing structure, ensuring that the overall structure does not slip or loosen under impact load.
[0012] Furthermore, the thickness of the second fixing plate, the thickness of the side plate, and the thickness of the second outer edge are all 2-5mm, and the thickness of the second reinforcing plate is less than the thickness of the second fixing plate, so that the second buffer energy absorption structure exhibits consistent coordinated deformation when subjected to force, thereby improving the energy absorption effect.
[0013] Furthermore, the third buffer energy-absorbing structure includes a U-shaped main body, a third fixed plate, and a third outer edge. The top of the U-shaped main body is connected to the third fixed plate, and the bottom of the U-shaped main body is connected to the energy-absorbing box. The ends of the third fixed plate near the two second outer edges protrude outward to form the third outer edge. The third outer edge is connected to the corresponding second outer edge by bolts, so as to realize a reliable and stable rigid connection between the second buffer energy-absorbing structure and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure, ensuring that the overall structure does not slip or loosen under impact load.
[0014] Furthermore, the thickness of the U-shaped main body, the thickness of the third fixing plate, and the thickness of the third outer edge are 1.5-2.5mm, which ensures sufficient strength, rigidity, and structural stability of the structure, while also ensuring coordinated deformation and sufficient energy absorption of each component under stress.
[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects: (1) The first buffer energy absorption structure, the second buffer energy absorption structure and the third buffer energy absorption structure created by the present invention form a three-level energy absorption structure. The first buffer energy absorption structure and the second buffer energy absorption structure, as well as the second buffer energy absorption structure and the third buffer energy absorption structure, are detachably connected. When deformation or damage occurs, selective repair or replacement can be carried out according to the specific deformation or damage, without the need for overall replacement.
[0016] (2) The invention creates at least four rectangular main bodies and at least two second buffer energy absorption structures to achieve segmented energy absorption. After a collision, the deformed or damaged rectangular main bodies can be replaced without replacing the first and second buffer energy absorption structures as a whole.
[0017] (3) The number of the second reinforcing plates in the present invention is greater than the number of the first reinforcing plates, so that the buffer energy absorption capacity of the second buffer energy absorption structure is higher than that of the first buffer energy absorption structure. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which form part of this invention, are used to provide a further understanding of the invention. The illustrative embodiments and descriptions of the invention are used to explain the invention and do not constitute an undue limitation of the invention. In the drawings: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam described in the embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1Enlarged structural diagram of section A in the middle; Figure 3 for Figure 1 Enlarged structural diagram of section B; Figure 4 for Figure 1 Side view.
[0019] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures: 10. First buffer energy-absorbing structure; 11. Rectangular main body; 12. First reinforcing plate; 13. First outer edge; 20. Second buffer energy-absorbing structure; 21. Second fixing plate; 22. Side plate; 23. Second reinforcing plate; 24. Second outer edge; 30. Third buffer energy-absorbing structure; 31. U-shaped main body; 32. Third fixing plate; 33. Third outer edge; 40. Energy-absorbing box; 50. Base plate. Detailed Implementation
[0020] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and do not constitute a limitation thereof.
[0021] It should be noted that, unless otherwise specified, the embodiments and features described in the present invention can be combined with each other.
[0022] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicating orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, are only for the convenience of describing this invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as a limitation on this invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of indicated technical features. Thus, features defined with "first," "second," etc., may explicitly or implicitly include one or more of that feature. In the description of this invention, unless otherwise stated, "a plurality of" means two or more.
[0023] In the description of this invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified and limited, the terms "installation," "connection," and "linking" should be interpreted broadly. For example, they can refer to a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; they can refer to a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; they can refer to a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; and they can refer to the internal connection of two components. Those skilled in the art will understand the specific meaning of the above terms in this invention based on the specific circumstances.
[0024] The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
[0025] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, a multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam includes a first buffer energy-absorbing structure 10, a second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20, a third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30, an energy-absorbing box 40, and a base plate 50. One end of the energy-absorbing box 40 is connected to the base plate 50, and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30 is installed at the other end of the energy-absorbing box 40. There are two energy-absorbing boxes 40, and both energy-absorbing boxes 40 are connected to the third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30. The second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20 is installed on the end of the third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30 away from the energy-absorbing box 40. The impact energy absorption structure 10 is installed on the second buffer energy absorption structure 20 at the end away from the third buffer energy absorption structure 30. The first buffer energy absorption structure 10, the second buffer energy absorption structure 20 and the third buffer energy absorption structure 30 form a three-stage energy absorption structure. The first buffer energy absorption structure 10 and the second buffer energy absorption structure 20, as well as the second buffer energy absorption structure 20 and the third buffer energy absorption structure 30 are detachable. When deformation or damage occurs, selective repair or replacement can be carried out according to the specific deformation or damage, without the need for overall replacement. The number of first buffer energy-absorbing structures 10 is at least four. Each first buffer energy-absorbing structure 10 includes a hollow rectangular body 11, a first reinforcing plate 12, and a first outer edge 13. There are at least four first reinforcing plates 12, which are arranged parallel to each other inside the rectangular body 11. All four first reinforcing plates 12 are arranged perpendicular to the second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20. The two ends of the rectangular body 11 near the second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20 protrude outward to form the first outer edge 13. The first outer edge 13 is connected to the second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20 by bolts. Energy is absorbed in segments by at least four rectangular bodies 11. After a collision, the deformed or damaged rectangular bodies 11 can be replaced without replacing the entire first buffer energy-absorbing structure 10.
[0026] Furthermore, the wall thickness of the hollow rectangular main body 11 and the thickness of the first outer edge 13 are both 0.5-2mm. The first reinforcing plate 12 is perpendicular to the second buffer energy absorption structure 20. The thickness of the first reinforcing plate 12 is less than the thickness of the first outer edge 13, so as to achieve a better consistent deformation mode, realize the optimal energy absorption effect, and avoid batch differences caused by traditional segmented casting or stamping.
[0027] The rectangular main body 11, the first reinforcing plate 12, and the first outer edge 13 are integrally formed structures and produced by pultrusion process, which can improve production efficiency and produce rectangular main bodies 11 of different lengths. They are also cut into the required size by high-precision cutting methods such as laser cutting, water jet cutting, EDM cutting, or ultrasonic cutting, which greatly ensures the consistency of performance parameters and quality reliability of the four first buffer energy absorption structures 10, and avoids batch differences caused by traditional segmented casting or stamping.
[0028] This application employs a method where the first buffer energy-absorbing structure 10 is first integrally formed and then precisely cut into four first buffer energy-absorbing structures 10. This reduces the complexity of mold development, requiring only one pultrusion mold to produce four first buffer energy-absorbing structures 10, thus greatly improving production efficiency. It eliminates the need to develop multiple sets of expensive molding dies, significantly reducing initial equipment investment.
[0029] This application utilizes a continuous pultrusion process, resulting in minimal scrap and controllable cutting losses, thus optimizing material costs. Furthermore, it only requires stocking standardized lengths of profiles, which can be cut and assembled as needed, reducing spare parts management costs.
[0030] Furthermore, the number of second buffer energy-absorbing structures 20 is at least two. Each second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20 includes a second fixing plate 21, a side plate 22, and a second reinforcing plate 23. The number of second fixing plates 21 and side plates 22 is two. The two second fixing plates 21 are arranged in parallel, and the two side plates 22 are disposed between the two second fixing plates 21, with their ends perpendicular to the two second fixing plates 21 respectively. The number of second reinforcing plates 23 is greater than the number of first reinforcing plates 12. The second reinforcing plates 23 can be arranged in parallel between the two second fixing plates 21, and the second reinforcing plates 23 are perpendicular to the side plates 21. The first buffer energy-absorbing structure 10 and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30 are directly connected to ensure that the impact load is uniformly transmitted and distributed in a single direction, thus ensuring that the structure forms a regular, stable and consistent axial deformation mode when under stress. The second reinforcing plate 23 can also be arranged in a star shape between the two second fixed plates 21, which can support the second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20 from multiple angles and directions, significantly improving the structure's torsional performance, lateral stiffness and multi-directional load-bearing capacity. This allows the structure to maintain a stable deformation mode when subjected to impact loads in different directions, effectively avoiding local instability, bias or torsional failure, and further improving the overall energy absorption effect and structural reliability.
[0031] The second buffer energy absorption structure 20 also includes a second outer edge 24. The end faces of the two second fixing plates 21 near the side plates 22 protrude outward to form the second outer edge 24. The second outer edge 24 near the rectangular body 11 is connected to the corresponding first outer edge 13 by bolts. That is, the first outer edge 13 on the two rectangular bodies 11 on the left side is connected to the corresponding second outer edge 24 on the second fixing plate 21 on the left side by screws, and the first outer edge 13 on the two rectangular bodies 11 on the right side is connected to the corresponding second outer edge 24 on the second fixing plate 21 on the right side by screws.
[0032] Furthermore, the thickness of the second fixing plate 21, the thickness of the side plate 22, and the thickness of the second outer edge 24 are all 2-5mm, and the thickness of the second reinforcing plate 23 is less than the thickness of the second fixing plate 21, so as to achieve a better consistent deformation mode, realize the optimal energy absorption effect, and avoid batch differences caused by traditional segmented casting or stamping.
[0033] The second fixing plate 21, side plate 22, second reinforcing plate 23, and second outer edge 24 are integrally formed structures, produced by pultrusion process, which can improve production efficiency and produce second buffer energy absorption structures 20 of different lengths. They are also cut to the required size by high-precision cutting methods such as laser cutting, water jet cutting, EDM cutting or ultrasonic cutting, which greatly ensures the consistency of performance parameters and quality reliability of the second buffer energy absorption structure 20, and avoids batch differences caused by traditional segmented casting or stamping.
[0034] Furthermore, the third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30 includes a U-shaped body 31, a third fixing plate 32, and a third outer edge 33. The top end of the U-shaped body 31 is connected to the third fixing plate 32, and the bottom end of the U-shaped body 31 is connected to the energy-absorbing box 40. The ends of the third fixing plate 32 near the two second outer edges 24 protrude outward to form the third outer edge 33, and the third outer edge 33 is connected to the corresponding second outer edge 24 by bolts.
[0035] The thickness of the U-shaped main body 31, the thickness of the third fixing plate 32, and the thickness of the third outer edge 33 are 1.5-2.5mm, which can resist large external impact loads and effectively transfer the impact load to the energy absorption box 40 through structural compression deformation to achieve the overall energy absorption effect under violent impact.
[0036] The U-shaped main body 31, the third fixing plate 32, and the third outer edge 33 are integrally formed structures.
[0037] In the event of a minor offset collision (vehicle speed less than 40 km / h), the two first buffer energy-absorbing structures 10 located on both sides are the main structures for bearing the impact and absorbing energy. If damaged, only the damaged first buffer energy-absorbing structures need to be disassembled and replaced, without replacing the entire structure. This offers significant advantages over traditional crash beams in terms of repair labor costs, ease of repair, and repair efficiency. In the event of a central cylindrical collision, only the two first buffer energy-absorbing structures 10 located in the middle need to be replaced, again demonstrating a significant advantage over traditional crash beams.
[0038] In a moderate-intensity collision (vehicle speed 40-80 km / h), the first energy-absorbing buffer structure 10 deforms under pressure, transferring a significant impact force to the second energy-absorbing buffer structure 20. Both structures share the load. In actual maintenance, depending on the extent of damage, only the damaged first energy-absorbing buffer structure 10 and the second energy-absorbing buffer structure 20 need to be replaced, without replacing the entire structure. The first energy-absorbing buffer structure 10 and the second energy-absorbing buffer structure 20 are bolted together, greatly facilitating disassembly and installation while ensuring the reliability of the connection between them.
[0039] In the event of a high-intensity collision (vehicle speed exceeding 80 km / h), the first energy-absorbing buffer structure 10 deforms under pressure, transferring a significant impact force to the second and third energy-absorbing buffer structures 20 and 30, and further to the energy-absorbing box 40. The first, second, and third energy-absorbing buffer structures 10 and 20, and the energy-absorbing box 30 collectively bear the load. In actual maintenance, depending on the extent of damage, only partially damaged components of the first, second, and third energy-absorbing buffer structures 10, 20, and 30 may need to be replaced, rather than the entire structure. The first, second, and third energy-absorbing buffer structures 10, 20, and 30 are bolted together, greatly facilitating disassembly and installation while ensuring the reliability of the connections between them.
[0040] After a collision, the four first energy-absorbing buffer structures 10, two second energy-absorbing buffer structures 20, and the third energy-absorbing buffer structure 30 can be replaced based on their specific damage, eliminating the need to replace the entire crash beam. The first energy-absorbing buffer structures 10 and 20 are made of aluminum alloy, while the third energy-absorbing buffer structure 30 is made of high-strength steel. The aluminum alloy first and second energy-absorbing buffer structures 10 and 20 serve as "sacrificial parts," offering low cost and easy replacement, allowing the more expensive high-strength steel third energy-absorbing buffer structure 30 to be retained. This application supports partial, rapid disassembly, reducing repair time by more than 50% compared to complete replacement, thus improving vehicle turnaround efficiency.
[0041] The first buffer energy-absorbing structure 10, the second buffer energy-absorbing structure 20, and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30 achieve a stiffness gradient from the front end to the rear end. In minor collisions, the energy is absorbed by the first aluminum alloy buffer energy-absorbing structure 10 at the front end; in moderate collisions, the first aluminum alloy buffer energy-absorbing structure 10 and the second aluminum alloy buffer energy-absorbing structure 20 collapse and absorb energy; in severe collisions, the high-strength steel third buffer energy-absorbing structure 30 and the energy-absorbing boxes 40 on both sides ensure the safety and integrity of the inner structural components of the anti-collision beam, achieving a balance between energy absorption and strength in this application's anti-collision beam. The traditional welding process is eliminated between the first and second buffer energy-absorbing structures 10 and 20, and between the second and third buffer energy-absorbing structures 20 and 30; instead, bolt connections are used. This not only ensures precise positioning but also eliminates the adverse effects of the heat-affected zone caused by welding, ensuring that the performance of the metal materials does not degrade. At the same time, it solves the pain points of traditional anti-collision beams, which are expensive and have low overall strength.
[0042] The overall span of the first energy-absorbing buffer structure 10, the second energy-absorbing buffer structure 20, and the third energy-absorbing buffer structure 30 ensures protection across the entire width of the vehicle front, effectively handling both frontal and offset collisions.
[0043] The four first buffer energy absorption structures 10 and the two second buffer energy absorption structures 20 are all cut as a whole. The geometric fit between adjacent first buffer energy absorption structures 10 and adjacent second buffer energy absorption structures 20 is extremely precise, which greatly reduces the adjustment difficulty on the assembly line.
[0044] The specific embodiments described above do not constitute a limitation on the scope of protection of this invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that various modifications, combinations, sub-combinations, and substitutions can be made according to design requirements and other factors. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, and improvements made within the spirit and principles of this invention should be included within the scope of protection of this invention.
Claims
1. A multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam, characterized in that: The system includes a first energy-absorbing buffer structure (10), a second energy-absorbing buffer structure (20), a third energy-absorbing buffer structure (30), an energy-absorbing box (40), and a base plate (50). One end of the energy-absorbing box (40) is connected to the base plate (50), and the third energy-absorbing buffer structure (30) is installed on the other end of the energy-absorbing box (40). There are two energy-absorbing boxes (40), and both energy-absorbing boxes (40) are connected to the third energy-absorbing buffer structure (30). The second energy-absorbing buffer structure (20) is installed on the third energy-absorbing buffer structure (30) away from it. At one end of the energy-absorbing box (40), the first buffer energy-absorbing structure (10) is installed on the second buffer energy-absorbing structure (20) at the end away from the third buffer energy-absorbing structure (30). A three-stage energy-absorbing structure is formed by the first buffer energy-absorbing structure (10), the second buffer energy-absorbing structure (20) and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure (30). The first buffer energy-absorbing structure (10) and the second buffer energy-absorbing structure (20) are connected by screws, and the second buffer energy-absorbing structure (20) and the third buffer energy-absorbing structure (30) are connected by screws. The number of the first buffer energy absorption structure (10) is at least four. The first buffer energy absorption structure (10) includes a hollow rectangular body (11), a first reinforcing plate (12) and a first outer edge (13). There are at least four first reinforcing plates (12). The four first reinforcing plates (12) are arranged in parallel inside the rectangular body (11). The two ends of the rectangular body (11) near the second buffer energy absorption structure (20) protrude outward to form the first outer edge (13). The first outer edge (13) is connected to the second buffer energy absorption structure (20) by bolts. Energy is absorbed in segments by the at least four rectangular bodies (11).
2. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 1, characterized in that: The wall thickness of the hollow rectangular body (11) and the thickness of the first outer edge (13) are both 0.5-2mm. The thickness of the first reinforcing plate (12) is less than the thickness of the first outer edge (13) so that the rectangular body (11) forms a consistent and coordinated deformation when subjected to force.
3. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 2, characterized in that: The number of the second buffer energy absorption structure (20) is at least two, and energy is absorbed in segments by at least two second buffer energy absorption structures (20).
4. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 3, characterized in that: The second buffer energy absorption structure (20) includes a second fixing plate (21), a side plate (22), and a second reinforcing plate (23). There are two of each of the second fixing plate (21) and the side plate (22). The two second fixing plates (21) are arranged in parallel, and the two side plates (22) are arranged between the two second fixing plates (21). The second reinforcing plate (23) is arranged between the two side plates (22). The number of the second reinforcing plates (23) is greater than the number of the first reinforcing plates (12) to improve the overall strength and rigidity of the second buffer energy absorption structure (20).
5. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second reinforcing plate (23) is arranged in parallel between the two second fixing plates (21) so that the impact load is uniformly transmitted and distributed in a single direction.
6. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross section of the second reinforcing plate (23) is in the shape of a cross and is placed between the two second fixed plates (21) to improve the torsional performance, lateral stiffness and load-bearing capacity of the second buffer energy absorption structure (20).
7. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 4, characterized in that: The second buffer energy absorption structure (20) also includes a second outer edge (24). The end faces of the two second fixing plates (21) near the side plate (22) protrude outward to form the second outer edge (24). The second outer edge (24) near the rectangular body (11) is connected to the corresponding first outer edge (13) by bolts, so as to realize a reliable and stable rigid connection between the first buffer energy absorption structure (10) and the second buffer energy absorption structure (20).
8. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 7, characterized in that: The thickness of the second fixing plate (21), the thickness of the side plate (22) and the thickness of the second outer edge (24) are all 2-5mm. The thickness of the second reinforcing plate (23) is less than the thickness of the second fixing plate (21) so that the second buffer energy absorption structure (20) forms a consistent coordinated deformation when subjected to force.
9. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 7, characterized in that: The third buffer energy absorption structure (30) includes a U-shaped body (31), a third fixing plate (32) and a third outer edge (33). The top end of the U-shaped body (31) is connected to the third fixing plate (32), and the bottom end of the U-shaped body (31) is connected to the energy absorption box (40). The ends of the third fixing plate (32) near the two second outer edges (24) protrude outward to form the third outer edge (33). The third outer edge (33) and the corresponding second outer edge (24) are connected by bolts to realize a reliable and stable rigid connection between the second buffer energy absorption structure (20) and the third buffer energy absorption structure (30).
10. The multi-stage buffer energy-absorbing anti-collision beam according to claim 9, characterized in that: The thickness of the U-shaped main body (31), the thickness of the third fixing plate (32), and the thickness of the third outer edge (33) are 1.5-2.5 mm.