Complex microbial inoculant for rapid decomposition of straw livestock and poultry manure and composting method

Abstract

The invention discloses a complex microbial inoculant for rapid decomposition of straw livestock and poultry manure and a composting method, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural waste resource utilization. The complex microbial inoculant is prepared by compounding bacillus subtilis, aspergillus niger, saccharomyces cerevisiae, bacillus stearothermophilus and brown azotobacter according to a specific proportion, and the strains have a synergistic effect so as to efficiently decompose straw cellulose, hemicellulose and organic matters in livestock and poultry manure. The composting method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, microbial inoculum inoculation, composting fermentation, after-ripening and the like, and the straw livestock and poultry manure is quickly decomposed within 15-20 days by controlling the composting temperature, humidity and ventilation volume. The composted compost product is high in organic matter content and balanced in nutrient, the soil fertility can be remarkably improved, meanwhile, the problem of environmental pollution caused by random stacking of the straw and the livestock and poultry manure is solved, and good economic, social and ecological benefits are achieved. The complex microbial inoculant disclosed by the invention is wide in strain source and low in preparation cost, and the composting method is simple to operate and easy to popularize on a large scale.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of agricultural waste resource utilization technology, specifically to a compound microbial agent and composting method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, the main methods of handling straw and livestock manure are random dumping, burning, or direct return to the field. This not only causes serious environmental pollution, such as the thick smoke from burning straw polluting the air and livestock manure seeping into the soil and groundwater, but also wastes valuable biomass resources.

[0003] Composting is an effective way to utilize straw and livestock manure resources. Through the metabolic action of microorganisms, the organic matter in straw and livestock manure is decomposed into stable humus, which can be used as organic fertilizer for agricultural production, improving soil fertility and reducing the amount of chemical fertilizer used. However, traditional composting methods have problems such as long composting cycles, low composting efficiency, and unstable compost product quality, which limit their large-scale promotion and application.

[0004] The application of compound microbial agents is key to shortening the composting cycle and improving compost quality. While various compound microbial agents for straw or livestock manure composting have been developed, most suffer from problems such as unreasonable strain combinations and poor synergistic effects, resulting in low decomposition efficiency of recalcitrant substances like straw cellulose and hemicellulose, hindering rapid maturation. Furthermore, some compound microbial agents exhibit poor temperature resistance, easily becoming inactive during the high-temperature composting stage, further impacting maturation. Simultaneously, existing composting methods lack precise control over key parameters such as temperature, humidity, and C / N ratio, making it difficult to guarantee composting efficiency and product quality.

[0005] Therefore, developing a compound microbial agent with reasonable strain matching, strong synergistic effect, and good temperature resistance, along with a matching efficient composting method, to achieve rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure, is of great practical significance for promoting the resource utilization of agricultural waste and reducing environmental pollution. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The purpose of this section is to outline some aspects of the embodiments of the present invention and to briefly describe some preferred embodiments. Simplifications or omissions may be made in this section, as well as in the abstract and title of this application, to avoid obscuring the purpose of these documents; however, such simplifications or omissions should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.

[0007] In view of the problems existing in the above and / or existing compound microbial agents and composting methods for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure, the present invention is proposed.

[0008] Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide a compound microbial agent and composting method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure, so as to achieve efficient composting of straw and livestock manure in a short time, improve the quality of compost products, reduce processing costs, and facilitate large-scale promotion.

[0009] To address the aforementioned technical problems, according to one aspect of the present invention, the present invention provides the following technical solution: A compound microbial agent for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure comprises the following microbial species by weight percentage: Bacillus subtilis 25%-35%, Aspergillus niger 20%-30%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 15%-25%, Bacillus stearothermophilus 10%-20%, and Azotobacter brownings 5%-15%; the effective viable count of the compound microbial agent is ≥2.0 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0010] As a preferred embodiment of the compound microbial agent for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure described in this invention, the weight percentage of each microbial species is as follows: Bacillus subtilis 30%, Aspergillus niger 25%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20%, Bacillus stearothermophilus 15%, and Azotobacter spp. 10%.

[0011] A preferred embodiment of a method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure includes the following steps: 1. Material pretreatment: Crush straw to 2-5cm and mix it with livestock manure at a mass ratio of 1:2-1:4, adjusting the initial moisture content of the mixture to 55%-65% and the C / N ratio to 25:1-35:1; 2. Microbial inoculation: Inoculate the mixture after pretreatment in step 1 with a compound microbial agent at a rate of 0.3%-0.8% of the dry weight of the mixture; 3. Composting fermentation: Pile the inoculated mixture into a pile 1.0-1.5m high and 2.0-3.0m wide for aerobic fermentation. During fermentation, control the pile temperature at 55-65℃, turn the pile every 2-3 days, and maintain good ventilation; 4. Post-fermentation treatment: When the pile temperature naturally drops to room temperature and the material is loose and odorless, perform post-fermentation for 1-3 days to obtain the mature compost product.

[0012] As a preferred embodiment of the composting method for rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure according to the present invention, in step 1, the mass ratio of straw to livestock manure is 1:3, the initial moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to 30:1.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure according to the present invention, the inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent in step 2 is 0.5% of the dry weight of the mixture.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the composting method for rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure described in this invention, in step 3, the temperature of the compost pile is controlled at 60°C, and the pile is turned over once every 2 days.

[0015] As a preferred embodiment of the composting method for rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure described in this invention, in step 1, if the C / N ratio is too high, urea is added to adjust it; if the C / N ratio is too low, wheat bran is added to adjust it.

[0016] As a preferred embodiment of the composting method for rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure described in this invention, in step 1, if the moisture content is too high, dry straw is added to adjust it; if the moisture content is too low, clean water is added to adjust it.

[0017] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are: 1. The compound microbial agent of this invention has a reasonable combination of microbial strains, and the synergistic effect of each strain is significant. It can efficiently decompose organic matter such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and starch in straw and livestock and poultry manure. The addition of thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus improves the temperature resistance of the microbial agent, and can maintain its activity at the high temperature stage of composting, ensuring that the composting process continues.

[0018] 2. By utilizing the compound microbial agent and composting method of this invention, straw and livestock manure can be rapidly decomposed within 15-20 days. Compared with traditional composting methods, the decomposition cycle is shortened by more than 60%, significantly improving composting efficiency.

[0019] 3. The composting method of this invention ensures stable quality of compost products by precisely controlling key parameters such as temperature, humidity, C / N ratio, and aeration during the composting process. The compost after decomposition has an organic matter content of ≥30%, total nitrogen content of ≥2.0%, total phosphorus content of ≥1.5%, and total potassium content of ≥2.5%, with balanced nutrients, which can significantly improve soil fertility and promote crop growth.

[0020] 4. The compound microbial agent of this invention uses a wide range of microbial strains with low preparation costs. The composting method is simple to operate and does not require complex equipment. It is applicable to large-scale composting plants and decentralized composting by farmers, and is easy to promote and apply. At the same time, it solves the environmental pollution problem caused by the random dumping of straw and livestock manure, realizes the resource utilization of agricultural waste, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits. Attached Figure Description

[0021] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed embodiments. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. Wherein: Figure 1 This is a flowchart of a method for rapidly composting straw and livestock manure according to the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0022] To make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more apparent and understandable, the specific embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0023] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] This invention provides a compound microbial agent and composting method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure, enabling efficient composting of straw and livestock manure in a short time, improving the quality of compost products, reducing processing costs, and facilitating large-scale promotion.

[0025] Example 1: Preparation of Compound Microbial Agent The compound microbial agent in this embodiment is composed of the following microbial species by weight percentage: Bacillus subtilis 30%, Aspergillus niger 25%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20%, Bacillus stearothermophilus 15%, and Azotobacter brownifolia 10%.

[0026] Preparation method of compound microbial agent: Each bacterial strain was inoculated into its corresponding culture medium for expansion culture. *Bacillus subtilis* was cultured on LB medium at 37℃ with shaking at 180 rpm for 24 h; *Aspergillus niger* was cultured on potato dextrose medium at 30℃ with static incubation for 48 h; *Saccharomyces cerevisiae* was cultured on malt extract medium at 30℃ with shaking at 150 rpm for 36 h; *Bacillus stearothermophilus* was cultured on nutrient broth medium at 55℃ with shaking at 200 rpm for 24 h; and *Azotobacter brevis* was cultured on Assumption medium at 30℃ with shaking at 180 rpm for 48 h. After cultivation, the bacterial cultures were collected by centrifugation, freeze-dried, and pulverized. The cells were then mixed evenly according to the above weight percentages to obtain the compound microbial agent. The effective viable count of this compound microbial agent was determined to be 2.8 × 10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

[0027] Example 2: Straw and Livestock Manure Composting This embodiment uses the compound microbial agent prepared in Example 1 for composting. The specific steps are as follows: 1. Raw material pretreatment: Select corn stalks and crush them to 2-3 cm; select pig manure as livestock manure, and mix the crushed corn stalks and pig manure at a mass ratio of 1:3; determine that the initial moisture content of the mixture is 52% and the C / N ratio is 38:1, add water to the mixture to adjust the moisture content to 60%, and add urea to adjust the C / N ratio to 30:1.

[0028] 2. Inoculation with microbial agent: The compound microbial agent prepared in Example 1 is mixed and diluted with an appropriate amount of wheat bran at a mass ratio of 1:10. The mixture is then evenly sprinkled into the pretreated mixture. The inoculation amount is 0.5% of the dry weight of the mixture. The mixture is then thoroughly stirred.

[0029] 3. Composting fermentation: After inoculation, the mixture is piled into a pile 1.2m high and 2.5m wide and placed in an open composting yard for aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, the pile temperature is monitored daily and controlled at around 60℃. The pile is turned over every 2 days, and the depth of each turn is 1 / 2 of the total pile height to ensure good aeration.

[0030] 4. Post-fermentation treatment: On the 18th day of fermentation, the temperature of the pile naturally drops to room temperature of 25°C. The material is loose, odorless, and dark brown in color. At this time, post-fermentation is carried out for 2 days to obtain the decomposed compost product.

[0031] The test results of the well-rotted compost product showed that the organic matter content was 35.2%, the total nitrogen content was 2.3%, the total phosphorus content was 1.8%, and the total potassium content was 2.7%, which met the requirements of the organic fertilizer standard.

[0032] Example 3: Effect of different inoculum amounts on composting efficiency In this embodiment, different inoculum amounts of compound microbial agent were set at 0.3%, 0.5%, and 0.8%, while the other composting conditions were the same as in Example 2. The composting time and nutrient content of the composted products were recorded, and the results are shown in Table 1 below: Table 1: Effects of different inoculum amounts on composting efficiency

[0033] As shown in Table 1, with the increase of inoculation amount, the composting time is shortened and the nutrient content of the composted product is slightly improved. However, when the inoculation amount increases from 0.5% to 0.8%, the composting time is shortened by only 1 day and the nutrient content is not significantly improved. Considering both composting efficiency and cost, an inoculation amount of 0.5% is appropriate.

Claims

1. A compound microbial agent for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure, characterized in that, The compound microbial agent is composed of the following microbial species by weight percentage: Bacillus subtilis 25%-35%, Aspergillus niger 20%-30%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 15%-25%, Bacillus stearothermophilus 10%-20%, and Azotobacter brownings 5%-15%; the effective viable count of the compound microbial agent is ≥2.0×10⁻⁶. 9 CFU / g.

2. The compound microbial agent for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure according to claim 1, characterized in that, The weight percentages of each microbial species are as follows: Bacillus subtilis 30%, Aspergillus niger 25%, Saccharomyces cerevisiae 20%, Bacillus stearothermophilus 15%, and Azotobacter spp. 10%.

3. A method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: (1) Raw material pretreatment: Crush the straw to 2-5cm and mix it with livestock and poultry manure at a mass ratio of 1:2-1:

4. Adjust the initial moisture content of the mixture to 55%-65% and the C / N ratio to 25:1-35:

1. (2) Microbial agent inoculation: Inoculate the mixture after pretreatment in step (1) with compound microbial agent. The inoculation amount is 0.3%-0.8% of the dry weight of the mixture. (3) Composting fermentation: Pile the inoculated mixture into a pile with a height of 1.0-1.5m and a width of 2.0-3.0m. Carry out aerobic fermentation. During the fermentation process, control the pile temperature at 55-65℃. Turn the pile over every 2-3 days to keep the pile well ventilated. (4) Post-maturation treatment: When the pile temperature naturally drops to room temperature and the material is loose and odorless, carry out post-maturation for 1-3 days to obtain the decomposed compost product.

4. The composting method for rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (1), the mass ratio of straw to livestock and poultry manure is 1:3, the initial moisture content is adjusted to 60%, and the C / N ratio is adjusted to 30:

1.

5. A method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (2), the inoculation amount of the compound microbial agent is 0.5% of the dry weight of the mixture.

6. The composting method for rapid decomposition of straw and livestock manure according to claim 3, characterized in that, In step (3), the temperature of the pile is controlled at 60℃, and the pile is turned over once every 2 days.

7. A method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure according to claim 3, characterized in that, If the C / N ratio is too high in step (1), add urea to adjust it; if the C / N ratio is too low, add wheat bran to adjust it.

8. A method for rapid composting of straw and livestock manure according to claim 3, characterized in that, If the moisture content is too high in step (1), add dry straw to adjust it; if the moisture content is too low, add clean water to adjust it.

Images