Lithium titanate battery pack control equipment
By employing three-dimensional screening and clustering in the computational module, dynamic adjustment of the voltage and temperature equalization modules, and performance prediction, the initial consistency and equalization issues of lithium titanate battery packs were resolved, thereby improving the overall performance and lifespan of the battery packs.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Applications(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- HENAN YELLOW RIVER ENERGY INNOVATION CENT CO LTD
- Filing Date
- 2026-01-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-05-01
AI Technical Summary
Lithium titanate battery packs suffer from problems such as insufficient initial consistency, outdated equalization technology, improper thermal management, and lack of performance degradation prediction capabilities during the assembly process, leading to increased performance differentiation and shortened service life.
The system employs a computational module for three-dimensional screening and clustering, combined with a voltage equalization module, a temperature equalization module, and a control module. It maintains voltage and temperature consistency among batteries through active and passive equalization units, and uses a neural network model to predict performance degradation trends and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging strategy.
It significantly improves the overall performance and lifespan of lithium titanate battery packs, reduces the inherent differences between individual cells, extends cycle life, and reduces the failure rate.
Smart Images
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Abstract
Description
lithium titanate battery pack control equipment Technical Field
[0001] This application generally relates to the field of electrochemical energy storage technology, and more specifically, to a lithium titanate battery pack control device. Background Technology
[0002] With the large-scale grid connection of renewable energy and the rapid development of smart grids, the importance of energy storage systems for smoothing fluctuations and regulating peak and frequency is becoming increasingly prominent. Lithium titanate batteries, due to their long cycle life, high safety, and good rate performance, have broad application prospects in the energy storage field. However, when a large number of battery cells are connected in series and parallel to form a lithium titanate battery pack, the inconsistencies between individual cells in terms of capacity, internal resistance, and temperature characteristics become a key bottleneck restricting the overall performance and lifespan of the lithium titanate battery pack.
[0003] In existing technologies, lithium titanate battery packs typically face the following problems: First, insufficient initial consistency control. Most lithium titanate battery packs only use capacity and static internal resistance as screening criteria, ignoring high-rate dynamic performance and temperature sensitivity, leading to accelerated performance differentiation. Second, outdated balancing technology. Passive balancing circuits with low balancing current and low efficiency are commonly used, unable to cope with the rapid deterioration of consistency during high-rate charging and discharging. Third, crude thermal management solutions. The use of integrated air cooling or liquid cooling makes it difficult to control the temperature gradient inside the battery pack, and temperature unevenness further exacerbates the inconsistency of electrochemical performance. Fourth, battery management systems are mostly based on real-time status monitoring, lacking the ability to predict performance degradation trends and unable to intervene in advance. Summary of the Invention
[0004] To address at least one or more of the technical problems mentioned above, this application proposes a lithium titanate battery pack control device, which includes: a calculation module for selecting individual cells based on the performance parameters corresponding to each individual cell to be screened, and forming a lithium titanate battery pack, wherein the performance parameters include environmentally sensitive data and static and dynamic data between individual cells.
[0005] A voltage balancing module is electrically connected to each individual cell in the lithium titanate battery pack to maintain the terminal voltage difference between each individual cell.
[0006] A temperature equalization module is located inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack to maintain the real-time temperature difference inside the lithium titanate battery pack.
[0007] The control module is used to control the voltage equalization module based on the terminal voltage difference between each of the individual cells, so that the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between each of the individual cells is less than a preset first threshold, and to control the temperature equalization module based on the real-time temperature difference inside the housing where the lithium titanate battery pack is located, so that the absolute value of the real-time temperature difference inside the housing where the lithium titanate battery pack is located is less than a preset second threshold.
[0008] In some examples, the calculation module is also used to calculate the similarity between the performance parameters corresponding to each individual battery cell to be screened using the K-means clustering algorithm; in some examples, individual batteries with a similarity of not less than a preset third threshold are selected to form a lithium titanate battery pack.
[0009] In some examples, the environmentally sensitive data includes capacity retention rate deviation and temperature coefficient deviation, the static data includes capacity deviation and internal resistance deviation, and the dynamic data includes high-rate discharge capacity retention rate deviation and charging voltage plateau difference.
[0010] In some examples, the voltage equalization module includes an active equalization unit and a passive equalization unit.
[0011] In some examples, the control module is also configured to control the active balancing unit to start working when it is detected that the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between any two individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than the first threshold.
[0012] In some examples, the control module is also configured to control the passive equalization unit to start working when the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between any two individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than the fourth threshold or the active equalization unit fails.
[0013] In some examples, the active equalization unit includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the passive equalization unit includes precision resistors and MOSFETs.
[0014] In some examples, the temperature equalization module includes a temperature acquisition unit, a liquid cooling unit, and an air cooling unit. The temperature acquisition unit is attached to the surface of each individual battery cell, the liquid cooling unit is laid at the bottom of the lithium titanate battery pack, and the air cooling unit is located on both sides inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack.
[0015] In some examples, the control module is also used to generate a prediction result of the performance degradation trend of each individual battery cell within a preset time period using a trained neural network model; and dynamically adjust the charging and discharging current and balancing strategy of the corresponding individual battery cell based on the prediction result.
[0016] In some examples, the control module is a microcontroller.
[0017] By adopting the above technical solution, this application has the following beneficial effects: through three-dimensional screening and clustering of "static data, dynamic data, and environmentally sensitive data", the inherent differences between individual cells in the group are greatly reduced from the source, laying a solid foundation for maintaining long-term consistency among individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack, and effectively improving the overall performance and service life of the lithium titanate battery pack. Attached Figure Description
[0018] The above and other objects, features, and advantages of exemplary embodiments of this application will become readily understood by reading the following detailed description with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the drawings, several embodiments of this application are illustrated by way of example and not limitation, and the same or corresponding reference numerals denote the same or corresponding parts, wherein: Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the frame structure of a lithium titanate battery pack control device provided in an embodiment of this application; Figure 2 shows an exemplary structural block diagram of an electronic device according to some embodiments of this application. Detailed Implementation
[0019] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some, not all, of the embodiments of this application. Based on the embodiments of this application, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.
[0020] It should be understood that the terms "comprising" and "including" used in the specification and claims of this application indicate the presence of the described features, integrals, steps, operations, elements and / or components, but do not exclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integrals, steps, operations, elements, components and / or collections thereof.
[0021] It should also be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to limit the application. As used in this specification and claims, the singular forms “a,” “an,” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It should also be understood that the term “and / or” as used in this specification and claims refers to any combination and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
[0022] As used in this specification and claims, the term "if" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "when," "once," "in response to determination," or "in response to detection." Similarly, the phrase "if determined" or "if [described condition or event] is detected" may be interpreted, depending on the context, as "once determined," "in response to determination," "once [described condition or event] is detected," or "in response to detection of [described condition or event]."
[0023] The specific embodiments of this application will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0024] As shown in Figure 1, the lithium titanate battery pack control device provided in this application includes a calculation module, a voltage equalization module, a temperature equalization module, and a control module. The calculation module is used to select individual cells based on their performance parameters to form a lithium titanate battery pack. The performance parameters include environmentally sensitive data and static and dynamic data between individual cells. The environmentally sensitive data includes capacity retention rate deviation and temperature coefficient deviation; the static data includes capacity deviation and internal resistance deviation; and the dynamic data includes discharge capacity retention rate deviation and charging voltage platform differences. Through three-dimensional screening and clustering of "static data, dynamic data, and environmentally sensitive data," the inherent differences between individual cells in the pack are greatly reduced from the source, laying a solid foundation for maintaining long-term consistency among the individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack.
[0025] Specifically, the lithium titanate battery pack adopts a 16-series, 8-parallel structure, comprising 128 individual cells. Environmentally sensitive data includes capacity retention rate deviation and temperature coefficient deviation; static data includes capacity deviation and internal resistance deviation; and dynamic data includes discharge capacity retention rate deviation and charging voltage plateau difference. The screening criteria for each dimension of data are as follows: Static data: capacity deviation ≤1%, internal resistance deviation ≤3%; Dynamic data: 10C discharge capacity retention rate deviation ≤2%, 5C charging voltage plateau difference ≤5mV; Environmentally sensitive data: -20℃ discharge capacity retention rate deviation ≤3%, temperature coefficient deviation ≤0.02mV / ℃.
[0026] In some examples, the calculation module is specifically used to employ the K-means clustering algorithm to calculate the similarity between the performance parameters of each individual battery cell to be screened; and to select individual batteries with a similarity of not less than a preset third threshold to form a lithium titanate battery pack.
[0027] Specifically, an Arbin BT2000 battery testing device was used to test hundreds of individual cells, obtaining the performance parameters of each cell. The calculation module was a host PC with a built-in K-means clustering algorithm. As a specific embodiment, this application selected individual cells with a performance parameter similarity of not less than 95% to form a lithium titanate battery pack.
[0028] The voltage balancing module is electrically connected to each individual cell in the lithium titanate battery pack to maintain the terminal voltage difference between the individual cells.
[0029] In some examples, the voltage balancing module includes an active balancing unit and a passive balancing unit. Specifically, the voltage balancing module configures one active balancing unit for each individual cell, which includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter. The passive balancing unit includes a precision resistor and a MOSFET. This voltage balancing module adopts a hybrid architecture with the active balancing unit as the primary component and the passive balancing unit as the secondary component. It features a fast response speed (≤100ms), strong balancing capability (5A), and can stably control the voltage difference within 5mV under 10C high-rate charge and discharge, effectively preventing local overcharging and over-discharging.
[0030] Specifically, this bidirectional DC-DC converter is a half-bridge LLC resonant topology chip, using the TIUCC28950 model, which can provide a balancing current of 0-5A and a conversion efficiency of ≥95%. The passive balancing resistor has parameters of 10Ω / 20W and is controlled by an IRF3205 MOSFET.
[0031] A temperature equalization module is installed inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack to maintain the real-time temperature difference inside the housing.
[0032] In some examples, the temperature equalization module includes a temperature acquisition unit, a liquid cooling unit, and an air cooling unit. The temperature acquisition unit is attached to the surface of each individual battery cell, the liquid cooling unit is laid at the bottom of the lithium titanate battery pack, and the air cooling unit is located on both sides inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack.
[0033] Specifically, the temperature acquisition unit includes multiple NTC sensors, each attached to the surface of an individual battery cell. The liquid cooling unit includes a microchannel liquid cooling plate and a water pump for basic heat dissipation. The microchannel liquid cooling plate features a serpentine flow channel design, is made of 6061 aluminum alloy, and uses a 50% ethylene glycol aqueous solution as coolant, with a flow rate dynamically adjustable from 0.5 to 2 L / min. Its flow channel diameter is 3 mm, and the coolant circulation is driven by a DBP50 micro water pump, with a flow rate adjustable between 0.5 and 2 L / min. The air cooling unit includes multiple independently speed-adjustable Nidec D06T-12B3S1 axial fans, with wind speeds independently adjustable between 1 and 3 m / s, used for auxiliary heat dissipation and airflow guidance.
[0034] The control module is used to control the voltage equalization module based on the terminal voltage difference between each individual cell, so that the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between each individual cell is less than a preset first threshold, and to control the temperature equalization module based on the real-time temperature difference inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack, so that the absolute value of the real-time temperature difference inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack is less than a preset second threshold.
[0035] Specifically, the control module is used to activate the active balancing unit when the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between any two individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than a first threshold (5mV), thereby performing energy transfer between the two individual cells. The control module is also used to activate the passive balancing unit when the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between any two individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than a fourth threshold (50mV) or when the active balancing unit malfunctions. The control module dynamically adjusts the balancing current of the active balancing unit using a PID algorithm. Furthermore, the control module activates the temperature balancing module when the absolute value of the real-time temperature difference inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than a preset second threshold (2℃), combining real-time temperature feedback for precise adjustment to control the maximum temperature difference inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack within ±2℃, eliminating performance differentiation caused by temperature gradients. The control module also uses a trained neural network model (LSTM model) to generate predictions of the performance degradation trend of each individual cell over a preset time period. Based on these predictions, the charging and discharging current and balancing strategy of the corresponding individual cells are dynamically adjusted. Specifically, the control module runs an LSTM model, inputting data from 100 historical cycles to predict the capacity decay rate and internal resistance decay rate of each individual cell in the next 50 cycles. If the predicted capacity decay rate of a certain individual cell exceeds the average by 3%, it is identified as a risk point for consistency deterioration. Subsequently, an adaptive strategy is activated. During high-rate charging and discharging, the duty cycle of the MOSFET in the branch containing that individual cell is adjusted to moderately reduce its current, while simultaneously enhancing its balancing effect. This avoids the risk of consistency collapse in advance without affecting the overall output of the lithium titanate battery pack, transforming passive protection into active protection. This significantly extends the cycle life of the lithium titanate battery pack (capacity retention ≥85% after 3000 cycles) and reduces the failure rate.
[0036] Specifically, the control module is a microcontroller, model STM32H743, which is small in size and easy to integrate into the device.
[0037] Tests showed that, under 10C charge-discharge rate, the maximum voltage difference between individual cells did not exceed 4.8mV throughout the entire process; the maximum temperature difference of the lithium titanate battery pack remained at 1.5℃ during full-load operation; and after 3000 standard cycle tests, the capacity retention rate reached 86.5%, which is significantly better than the 70% of the traditional system under the same conditions.
[0038] In another aspect, embodiments of this application also provide an electronic device. Referring to FIG2, FIG2 is an exemplary structural block diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of this application. As shown in FIG2, the electronic device includes a processor and a memory. The memory stores computer instructions, and the processor executes the method provided in this application when running the computer instructions.
[0039] Specifically, processor 601 may include a central processing unit (CPU) or a graphics processing unit (GPU), or an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), or one or more integrated circuits that can be configured to implement the embodiments of this application. Memory 602 may include memory for data or instructions. For example, memory 602 may be at least one of the following: a hard disk drive (HDD), read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), floppy disk drive, flash memory, optical disk, magneto-optical disk, magnetic tape, universal serial bus (USB) drive, or other physical / tangible memory storage device. Alternatively, memory 602 may include removable or non-removable (or fixed) media. Furthermore, memory 602 may be internal or external to the integrated gateway disaster recovery device. Memory 602 may be non-volatile solid-state memory. In other words, typically memory 602 includes a tangible (non-transitory) computer-readable storage medium (such as a memory device) encoded with executable instructions, wherein the stored executable instructions, when executed by processor 601 (e.g., by one or more processors), can implement the methods in the embodiments of this application.
[0040] In one example, the electronic device shown in Figure 2 may further include a communication interface 603 and a bus 610. The processor 601, memory 602, and communication interface 603 are connected via bus 610 and communicate with each other. Communication interface 603 is primarily used to enable communication between modules, devices, units, and / or equipment within the electronic device. Bus 610, including hardware, software, or both, couples components of an online data flow metering device together. For example, the bus may include at least one of the following: Accelerated Graphics Port (AGP) or other graphics bus, Enhanced Industry Standard Architecture (EISA) bus, Front Side Bus (FSB), HyperTransport (HT) Interconnect, Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) bus, Infinite Bandwidth Interconnect, Low Pin Count (LPC) bus, memory bus, Microchannel Architecture (MCA) bus, Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) bus, PCI-Express (PCI-X) bus, Serial Advanced Technology Attachment (SATA) bus, Video Electronics Standards Association Local (VLB) bus, or other suitable buses. Bus 610 may include one or more buses. Although specific buses are described or illustrated in the embodiments of this application, any suitable bus or interconnection method may be considered in the embodiments of this application.
[0041] In another aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a computer-readable storage medium storing computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the aforementioned method. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, a classic computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), disk storage media, optical storage media, flash memory, or other electrical, optical, or other physical / tangible memory storage devices.
[0042] In another aspect, embodiments of this application also provide a computer program product, which includes computer program instructions that, when executed by a processor, implement the method provided in embodiments of this application. This computer program product may be, for example, a software installation package, a plug-in compatible with a related software system, etc.
[0043] The flowcharts and / or block diagrams of the methods and apparatuses according to embodiments of this application have been described above, and related aspects have been described. It should be understood that each block or combination thereof in the flowcharts and / or block diagrams can be implemented by computer program instructions, by dedicated hardware performing a specified function or action, or by a combination of dedicated hardware and computer instructions. When implemented in hardware, it can be, for example, an electronic circuit, an application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), appropriate firmware, a plug-in, a function card, etc.; when implemented in software, it is a program or code segment used to perform the required task. The program or code segment can be stored in memory or transmitted over a transmission medium or communication link via data signals carried in a carrier wave. The code segment can be downloaded via a computer network such as the Internet, an intranet, etc.
[0044] It should be noted that in this application, relational terms such as "first" and "second" are used merely to distinguish one entity or operation from another, and do not necessarily require or imply any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Furthermore, the terms "comprising," "including," or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements includes not only those elements but also other elements not expressly listed, or elements inherent to such a process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further limitations, an element defined by the phrase "comprising one..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes said element.
[0045] While this application has shown and described numerous embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that such embodiments are provided by way of example only. Many modifications, alterations, and alternatives will arise for those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and intent of this application. It should be understood that various alternatives to the embodiments of this application described herein may be employed in the practice of this application. The appended claims are intended to define the scope of protection of this application and therefore cover equivalents or alternatives within the scope of these claims.
Claims
1. A lithium titanate battery pack control device, comprising: The system includes a calculation module for selecting individual cells based on their performance parameters to form a lithium titanate battery pack. These performance parameters include environmentally sensitive data and static and dynamic data between individual cells. A voltage equalization module is electrically connected to each individual cell in the lithium titanate battery pack to maintain the voltage difference between them. A temperature equalization module is located inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack to maintain the real-time temperature difference within the pack. A control module controls the voltage equalization module based on the voltage difference between the individual cells, ensuring the absolute value of the voltage difference is less than a preset first threshold, and controls the temperature equalization module based on the real-time temperature difference inside the housing, ensuring the absolute value of the real-time temperature difference is less than a preset second threshold.
2. The lithium titanate battery pack control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The calculation module is also used to calculate the similarity between the performance parameters of each individual battery cell to be screened using the K-means clustering algorithm; and to select individual batteries cells with a similarity of not less than a preset third threshold to form a lithium titanate battery pack.
3. The lithium titanate battery pack control device according to claim 2, characterized in that: The environmentally sensitive data includes capacity retention rate deviation and temperature coefficient deviation; the static data includes capacity deviation and internal resistance deviation; and the dynamic data includes high-rate discharge capacity retention rate deviation and charging voltage plateau difference.
4. The lithium titanate battery pack control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The voltage equalization module includes an active equalization unit and a passive equalization unit.
5. The lithium titanate battery pack control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control module is further configured to control the active balancing unit to start working when the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between any two individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than the first threshold.
6. The lithium titanate battery pack control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The control module is also used to control the passive equalization unit to start working when the absolute value of the terminal voltage difference between any two individual cells in the lithium titanate battery pack is not less than the fourth threshold or the active equalization unit fails.
7. The lithium titanate battery pack control system according to claim 4, characterized in that: The active equalization unit includes a bidirectional DC-DC converter, and the passive equalization unit includes a precision resistor and a MOSFET.
8. The lithium titanate battery pack control system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The temperature equalization module includes a temperature acquisition unit, a liquid cooling unit, and an air cooling unit. The temperature acquisition unit is attached to the surface of each individual battery cell, the liquid cooling unit is laid at the bottom of the lithium titanate battery pack, and the air cooling unit is located on both sides inside the housing of the lithium titanate battery pack.
9. The lithium titanate battery pack control device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The control module is also used to generate a prediction result of the performance degradation trend of each individual battery cell within a preset time period using a trained neural network model; and to dynamically adjust the charging and discharging current and balancing strategy of the corresponding individual battery cell based on the prediction result.
10. The lithium titanate battery pack control device according to claim 9, characterized in that: The control module is a microcontroller.