Household energy storage high-voltage system with connection state detection and communication address automatic distribution functions and composite method of household energy storage high-voltage system with connection state detection and communication address automatic distribution functions

Abstract

The invention discloses a household energy storage high-voltage system for connection state detection and communication address automatic distribution and a composite method. A detection resistor MR1 is arranged at the tail end of a master control unit, and a detection resistor SRn is arranged at the tail end of each slave control unit; wherein the voltage at two ends of the detection resistor MR1 is used for detecting whether the connection of the master control unit is normal, and the voltage at two ends of the detection resistor SRn is used for detecting whether the connection of the slave control unit is normal; and when the main control unit is normally connected, the main control unit is also used for broadcasting the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1 to each slave control unit, and the slave control units are also used for calculating and setting own communication addresses after receiving the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1. The method can be integrated in an existing one-master multi-slave framework, and automatic address allocation, real-time monitoring and accurate positioning of the connection state and automatic system topology identification are achieved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a residential high-voltage energy storage system, specifically a residential high-voltage energy storage system and method that combines connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation. Background Technology

[0002] In residential energy storage (storage) high-voltage battery stacking systems, blind-plug terminal connections are typically used between modules to enable quick plug-and-play installation, simplify the installation process, and avoid external wiring errors. The system architecture usually consists of a master control unit (e.g., Battery Control Unit, BCU), multiple series-connected battery modules (or battery packs), and a mounting base. Each battery module is equipped with a slave control unit (e.g., a slave Battery Management Unit, BMU). The master control unit exchanges data with all slave control units via communication links (e.g., CAN bus, RS-485) to achieve coordinated monitoring, equalization management, and safety protection of parameters such as voltage, current, and temperature of the entire battery system. In this "one master, multiple slaves" system, existing technologies have the following significant drawbacks: 1. To ensure that the master control unit can correctly identify and distinguish each battery module, each slave control unit must have a unique logical address (such as a communication ID). Address allocation typically employs the following methods: (1) Traditional allocation methods mainly rely on DIP switches or manual settings through debugging software. When there are many modules and the stacking structure is complex, the installation and maintenance process is extremely cumbersome. It is easy for the entire system to become chaotic due to duplicate or incorrect address settings, or even fail to start. At the same time, DIP switches also increase hardware costs and physical failure points.

[0003] (2) Pure software allocation method relies on preset algorithms (e.g., identification based on the unique ID of each module) or broadcast mechanism to allocate addresses. Although it reduces hardware costs, it is prone to address conflicts when multiple nodes are powered on at the same time or when the network topology changes dynamically. It also lacks the ability to perceive the physical connection order and is difficult to meet the stringent reliability requirements of high voltage systems.

[0004] (3) The host polling allocation method activates one slave at a time and allocates an address to it. After the slave confirms, the next one is activated. Although this "passing the parcel" method can avoid conflicts, it also requires peripheral hardware circuits to support it, which increases the system complexity and cost. In addition, it is easy to cause the allocation process to be blocked when the slave does not respond.

[0005] 2. Lack of effective real-time monitoring of communication connection status between modules: The reliability of communication links (including physical cables and connectors) between battery modules is crucial, but existing systems typically lack a dedicated mechanism to monitor the status of these connection points in real time. If connectors become loose or detached due to vibration, aging, or other reasons, it will not only cause communication interruption but may also increase the contact resistance of the power electrical circuit, leading to localized overheating and potential safety hazards.

[0006] Third, the system lacks topology recognition capabilities and has insufficient intelligence: the main control unit cannot automatically identify how many modules are actually connected in the current system and their physical connection order when powered on. This limits the system's "plug and play" capability, making it complicated to add, remove, or change the position of modules, resulting in poor system flexibility and maintainability.

[0007] Therefore, there is an urgent need in this field for an intelligent solution that can be integrated into the existing "one master, multiple slaves" architecture to achieve automatic address allocation, real-time monitoring and precise location of connection status, and automatic identification of system topology. Summary of the Invention

[0008] To address the shortcomings of the existing technologies, this invention provides a residential high-voltage energy storage system and a composite method for connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation. This invention can be integrated into the existing "one master, multiple slaves" architecture to achieve automatic address allocation, real-time monitoring and precise positioning of connection status, and automatic identification of system topology.

[0009] To achieve the above technical objectives, the present invention adopts the following technical solution: a residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation, comprising a master control unit and m slave control units, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The slave control units are sequentially connected via connectors, and the master control unit is connected to the first slave control unit via a connector. The master control unit is equipped with a detection resistor MR1 at its end. The negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 is connected to the first slave control unit. Each slave control unit is equipped with a detection resistor SRn at its end, where n is an integer from 1 to m. The negative terminal of the detection resistor SRn is connected to the next slave control unit, and the negative terminal of the last detection resistor SRn is grounded. The voltage across the detection resistor MR1 is used to detect whether the connection of the master control unit is normal, and the voltage across the detection resistor SRn is used to detect whether the connection of the slave control unit is normal. When the master control unit is connected normally, the master control unit is also used to broadcast the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1 to each of the slave control units. The slave control unit is also used to calculate and set its own communication address after receiving the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1.

[0010] The connector has PIN3, PIN9, PIN4, and PIN11 in the middle as power supply circuit connection terminals. PIN5 and PIN16 are provided on the same side edge of the connector as communication link electrical circuit connection terminals. PIN15 is provided on one side edge of the connector and PIN17 is provided on the other side edge as detection circuit electrical circuit connection terminals. PIN15 and PIN17 are diagonally arranged. The signal pins of PIN15 and PIN17 are shorter than the signal pins of the other pins.

[0011] A temperature sensor is installed inside the connector. The temperature sensor is located on the power terminal side of the connector and is connected to the main control unit or the corresponding slave control unit.

[0012] It also includes a power circuit, which is equipped with a positive contactor K1 and a negative contactor K2. The positive contactor K1 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the total positive terminal of the battery pack and the external electrical positive terminal, and the negative contactor K2 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the total negative terminal of the battery pack and the external electrical negative terminal. The main control unit includes a main control MCU and a hardware protection circuit. The input terminal of the hardware protection circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 to receive the negative voltage value V of the detection resistor MR1. M1- The input terminal of the hardware protection circuit is also connected to the main control MCU to receive IO control signals. When the main control unit connection is abnormal, the hardware protection circuit is used to activate the IO control signal according to V. M1- The IO control signal disconnects the positive contactor K1 and the negative contactor K2.

[0013] The hardware protection circuit includes comparator U1A, comparator U1B, and chip U2. Pin 2 of comparator U1A is connected to resistors RJ1 and RJ2. Resistor RJ1 is connected to VCC12V, and resistor RJ2 is grounded. Pin 3 of comparator U1A is connected to the negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 to receive VCC12V. M1- The comparator U1A's PIN1 output is connected to PIN2 and PIN9 of the chip U2. PIN4 of the comparator U1A is grounded, and PIN8 of the comparator U1A is connected to VCC 12V. The comparator U1B's PIN5 is connected to resistors RJ3 and RJ4. Resistor RJ3 is connected to VCC 12V, and resistor RJ4 is grounded. The comparator U1B's PIN6 is connected to the negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 to receive VCC 12V. M1-The comparator U1B's PIN7 outputs to the chip U2's PIN3 and PIN10; the chip U2's PIN4 and PIN5 are connected to the main control MCU to receive control signal IO1; the chip U2's PIN11 and PIN12 are connected to the main control MCU to receive control signal IO2; the chip U2's PIN1 outputs the K1 contactor control signal to the positive contactor K1; the chip U2's PIN13 outputs the K2 contactor control signal to the positive contactor K2; the chip U2's PIN14 is connected to VCC12V; the chip U2's PIN7 is grounded; and the chip U2's PIN6 and PIN8 are left unconnected.

[0014] A combined method for connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation includes the following steps: The voltage value at the positive terminal of the detection resistor MR1 is denoted as V. M1+ The voltage value at the negative terminal is denoted as V. M1- The voltage value at the positive terminal of the detection resistor SRn is denoted as V. Sn+ The voltage value at the negative terminal is denoted as V. Sn- ; Get V M1+ V M1- V Sn+ V Sn- ; When V M1+ V M1- If the first condition is met, it indicates that the main control unit is connected abnormally; otherwise, the connection is normal. When V Sn+ V Sn- The second condition indicates that the slave control unit is connected normally; otherwise, the connection is abnormal. When the master control unit is connected normally, each slave control unit calculates and sets its own communication address value.

[0015] The first condition adopts Formula 1, where, V M1- ≠ (V M1+ * m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 1); When Formula 1 is satisfied, it indicates that the main control unit is abnormally connected.

[0016] First, calculate the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the detection resistor SRn according to Formula 2, and denote the voltage difference as V. Sdiff ,in, V Sdiff = V Sn+ - V Sn- (Formula 2); The second condition uses formula three, where, V M1+ / V Sdiff = (m + 1) * (1±2%) (Formula 3); When Formula 3 is satisfied, it indicates that the slave control unit is connected normally.

[0017] Each slave control unit calculates and sets its own communication address value, specifically including: The communication address of the master control unit is defined as 0, and the communication addresses of the m slave control units are sequentially from 1 to m; The main control unit records m as a temporary value M. temp V is broadcast every ts M1+ To each of the slave control units; Each slave control unit calculates its own communication address value Addr according to Formula 4, and records this communication address value Addr as a temporary address value Addr. temp ,in, Addr = (V M1+ / V Sdiff ) - (V Sn+ / V Sdiff (Formula 4); Where Addr represents the communication address value of the slave control unit itself; The master control unit sequentially polls each slave control unit to check whether the address setting was successful. If there is no response or the response is incorrect, the setting fails and the system enters the exception handling process; otherwise, the setting is successful and the normal working process begins. After the address is successfully set, the main control unit continuously monitors V. M1+ With V M1- If it does not conform to Formula 5 or compared with previous temporary values ​​M temp If a change of value not less than 1 occurs, the system enters the exception handling process. V M1- = (V M1+ * m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 5); After the address is successfully set, the slave control unit continuously monitors V. Sn+ V Sn- V M1+ Calculate according to Formula 4 and compare with the previously recorded temporary address value Addr temp If compared with the previous temporary address value Addr temp If a change of 1 or more occurs, the system will enter the exception handling process.

[0018] In summary, the present invention has achieved the following technical effects: Integrated design reduces cost and complexity: By using a single resistor network and master-slave control detection function, it solves the three major problems of address allocation, topology identification, and connection detection at the same time, replacing traditional DIP switches or other additional communication address setting circuits, reducing hardware cost and complexity while improving reliability.

[0019] Enhancing system safety and reliability: Real-time monitoring of communication link integrity and power circuit temperature; triggering contactor switch to cut off power circuit when connection is abnormal. The contactor switch is jointly controlled by hardware and software, with hardware protection circuit independent of software. Even if the software system fails, the hardware circuit can still trigger the contactor to cut off power circuit through a preset threshold, thereby preventing overload burnout. This is crucial for high-voltage, high-current energy storage systems and effectively avoids the expansion of safety hazards.

[0020] Enhanced system flexibility and scalability: The system automatically adapts to changes in the number of modules. When expanding or replacing modules, the main control unit re-identifies the topology without manual intervention. Combined with standard resistance value sequences, it ensures module compatibility and makes expansion flexible and convenient.

[0021] Achieve fully automated and intelligent management: Completely eliminate the tediousness and errors of manually setting addresses. After the system is powered on, the main control unit automatically identifies all slave control units and assigns a unique address through a recursive algorithm, achieving plug-and-play functionality and significantly improving installation and maintenance efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 It is a stacking method for high-voltage batteries used in residential energy storage; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power circuit of a residential high-voltage energy storage system. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection circuit of a residential high-voltage energy storage system; Figure 4 This is the front view of the connector; Figure 5 It is a 3D diagram of the connector; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of a hardware protection circuit. Detailed Implementation

[0023] The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0024] This specific embodiment is merely an explanation of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. After reading this specification, those skilled in the art can make modifications to this embodiment without contributing any inventive step, but such modifications are protected by patent law as long as they are within the scope of the claims of the present invention.

[0025] Example: Figure 1 It is a residential energy storage high-voltage battery stacking method. Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the power circuit of a residential high-voltage energy storage system. Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the detection circuit of a residential high-voltage energy storage system. It is a residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation, including a main control unit, a mounting base and m slave control units, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The main control unit, slave control units and mounting base are connected sequentially through connectors.

[0026] Figure 1 In this example, 'n' represents the sequence number, indicating the nth slave control unit. Slave control unit 1 represents the first slave control unit, and slave control unit n represents the nth slave control unit. The connectors are blind-mating type, with the last connector placed on the mounting base. Due to factors such as installation height, site load-bearing capacity, and electrical safety, the number of slave control units is often controlled between 1 and 6. Therefore, in this embodiment, the number of slave control units is 1-6, meaning m is a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 6, and n is a minimum of 1 and a maximum of 6.

[0027] The core functions of the main control unit are to be responsible for global system control, communication management, real-time monitoring of connection status, automatic address allocation, and topology identification.

[0028] As the local control node of the battery module, the slave control unit is mainly responsible for real-time acquisition of battery parameters (voltage, current, temperature, etc.), charge and discharge equalization management, local safety protection (overvoltage / undervoltage / overtemperature, etc.), receiving and executing instructions from the master control unit, and feeding back module status information and connection status data. It also participates in the automatic address allocation and topology identification process and reports its own physical location and connection status to the master control unit.

[0029] The mounting base serves as the physical support and connection hub for the household high-voltage battery stacking system, providing a stable mounting platform for the main control unit, slave control unit, and battery modules, ensuring the mechanical strength and shock resistance of the stacked structure; and enabling the connection between the power circuit (high-voltage DC) and the control circuit (low-voltage signal).

[0030] like Figure 3 As shown, a detection resistor MR1 is set at the end of the main control unit. The negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 is connected to the first slave control unit. Each slave control unit is set with a detection resistor SRn at its end, where n is an integer from 1 to m. The negative terminal of the detection resistor SRn is connected to the next slave control unit, and the negative terminal of the last detection resistor SRn is grounded. The voltage across the detection resistor MR1 is used to detect whether the main control unit connection is normal, and the voltage across the detection resistor SRn is used to detect whether the slave control unit connection is normal. When the master control unit is connected normally, the master control unit is also used to broadcast the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1 to each slave control unit. The slave control unit is also used to calculate and set its own communication address after receiving the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1.

[0031] This invention uses a resistor network and master-slave control detection function to solve three major problems at the same time: address allocation, topology identification, and connection detection. It replaces traditional DIP switches or other additional communication address setting circuits, reducing hardware costs and complexity while improving reliability.

[0032] Figure 4 This is the front view of the connector. Figure 5 This is a 3D view of the connector. In the middle of the connector, PIN3, PIN9 and PIN4, PIN11 are set as the connection terminals for the power supply circuit. PIN5 and PIN16 are set on the same side edge of the connector as the connection terminals for the communication link electrical circuit. PIN15 is set on one side edge of the connector and PIN17 is set on the other side edge as the connection terminal for the detection circuit electrical circuit. PIN15 and PIN17 are set diagonally. The signal pins of PIN15 and PIN17 are shorter than the signal pins of the other pins.

[0033] The connector of this invention enables the connection between the power circuit (high-voltage DC) and the control circuit (low-voltage signal): For example Figure 2 The power circuit shown uses a connector to electrically connect the battery modules in series; additionally, a contactor (such as...) is connected in series in the power circuit. Figure 2 Programmable power switches such as K1 and K2 contactors and MOSFETs are used to control the on / off state of the power circuit.

[0034] There are three main types of low-voltage control circuit signals: (1) The 12V power supply is output from the main control unit to each slave control unit, and the selection is as follows: Figure 4 PIN3, PIN9 (parallel) and PIN4, PIN11 (parallel) of the connector serve as power supply circuit connection terminals; PIN3, PIN4, PIN9, and PIN11 are located in the middle of the connector, which can effectively ensure connection reliability and power supply stability; (2) RS485 communication or CAN communication circuit, select as follows Figure 4 PIN5 and PIN16 of the connector serve as the connection terminals of the electrical circuit of the communication link. PIN5 and PIN16 are connected pins, which can reduce signal attenuation and electromagnetic interference, and ensure the real-time performance and reliability of data transmission between the master control unit and the slave control unit. At the same time, PIN5 and PIN16 are located on the same side of the connector edge. When the part of the connector on the PIN5 and PIN16 side is not fully in place, the circuit will first show a communication abnormality, which can be used as a detection signal for the connection status. (3) For Figure 3 The detection circuit shown is selected as follows: Figure 4PIN15 and PIN17 of the connector serve as the connection terminals of the electrical circuit of the detection circuit. PIN15 and PIN17 are located on both sides of the connector edge, and the length of PIN15 and PIN17 signal pins is slightly shorter than that of other pins, so as to disconnect before other pins and then connect to other pins. When the connector is not fully in place, this circuit will detect abnormal contact resistance first, which can be used as a detection signal for the connection status.

[0035] like Figure 3 and Figure 4 As shown, if the connector is connected correctly, then Figure 3 The detection circuit shown will be formed. Since the normal contact resistance of the connector is in the mΩ range and the detection resistance is in the kΩ range, the mΩ-level contact resistance can be ignored.

[0036] Under normal connection conditions, Figure 3 Theoretically, the voltage division values ​​of each detection resistor should be equal. If different voltage division values ​​are detected, it indicates a connection abnormality. Since the master-slave control unit in this group may have the same appearance as the master-slave control unit in another group but different internal energy, this invention sets different types of detection resistors for each group. For example, a 10K detection resistor corresponds to the first group's 50Ah / 102.4V battery module, and a 20K detection resistor corresponds to the second group's 100Ah / 102.4V battery module. If the detection resistor MR1 and all detection resistors Sn in this group are of the same type, the connection is normal. If one or more different types are found, the connection is abnormal.

[0037] In this invention, the main control unit acquires the voltage across the detection resistor MR1 (corresponding to...). Figure 3 The voltage signal (points M1+ and M1-) is processed by the signal conditioning circuit and then sent to the MCU of the main control unit for ADC (analog-to-digital converter) acquisition and calculation. Let the voltage value of point M1- be V. M1- The voltage at point M1+ is V. M1+ The voltage at point M1+ is actually the power supply voltage. Considering the accuracy of the power supply output or the use of power supplies of other voltage levels, an ADC is used to acquire the voltage.

[0038] The control unit collects the voltage across each detection resistor (corresponding to...). Figure 3 The voltage signals at points S1+ and S1-, and Sn+ and Sn-, are processed by the signal conditioning circuit and then sent to the MCU of the slave control unit for ADC (analog-to-digital converter) acquisition and calculation. Let the voltage values ​​at points Sn+ and Sn- in slave control unit n be V respectively. Sn+ With V Sn- .

[0039] First, for the main control unit, satisfying V M1- ≠ (V M1+* m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 1) indicates a connection anomaly.

[0040] The household storage system also includes a power circuit, such as Figure 2 As shown, the power circuit is equipped with a positive contactor K1 and a negative contactor K2. The positive contactor K1 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the total positive terminal of the battery pack and the external electrical positive terminal, and the negative contactor K2 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the total negative terminal of the battery pack and the external electrical negative terminal. The main control unit includes a main control MCU and a hardware protection circuit 6. In case of a connection abnormality, it will disconnect contactors K1 and K2 in the power circuit. The input terminal of the hardware protection circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the sensing resistor MR1 to receive the negative voltage value V of the sensing resistor MR1. M1- The input of the hardware protection circuit is also connected to the main control MCU to receive IO control signals. In case of a connection error in the main control unit, the hardware protection circuit is used to activate based on V... M1- The IO control signal cuts off the positive contactor K1 and the negative contactor K2.

[0041] Specifically, Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the hardware protection circuit. Hardware protection circuit 6 includes comparator U1A, comparator U1B, and chip U2. PIN2 of comparator U1A is connected to resistors RJ1 and RJ2. Resistor RJ1 is connected to VCC12V, and resistor RJ2 is grounded. PIN3 of comparator U1A is connected to the negative terminal of detection resistor MR1 to receive VCC12V. M1- Comparator U1A's pin 1 outputs to pins 2 and 9 of chip U2, and comparator U1A's pin 4 is grounded. Comparator U1A's pin 8 is connected to VCC 12V. Comparator U1B's pin 5 is connected to resistors RJ3 and RJ4. Resistor RJ3 is connected to VCC 12V, and resistor RJ4 is grounded. Comparator U1B's pin 6 is connected to the negative terminal of the sensing resistor MR1 to receive VCC 12V. M1- The output of PIN7 of comparator U1B is connected to PIN3 and PIN10 of chip U2; PIN4 and PIN5 of chip U2 are connected to the main control MCU to receive control signal IO1; PIN11 and PIN12 of chip U2 are connected to the main control MCU to receive control signal IO2; PIN1 of chip U2 outputs the K1 contactor control signal to the positive contactor K1; PIN13 of chip U2 outputs the K2 contactor control signal to the positive contactor K2; PIN14 of chip U2 is connected to VCC12V; PIN7 of chip U2 is grounded; and PIN6 and PIN8 of chip U2 are left unconnected.

[0042] Among them, the U1 chip LM2903 is a set of two comparators. One set has PIN2 and PIN3 as inputs and PIN1 as output, and the other set has PIN5 and PIN6 as inputs and PIN7 as output. The U2 chip CD4082 consists of two sets of 4-input AND gate circuits. One set, U1A, has PIN2, PIN3, PIN4, and PIN5 as inputs and PIN1 as the output. The input signals come from the outputs of PIN1 and PIN7 of U1 and the IO1 output of the main control MCU. The output signal controls the K1 contactor. The other set, U1B, has PIN9, PIN10, PIN11, and PIN12 as inputs and PIN13 as the output. The input signals come from the outputs of PIN1 and PIN7 of U1 and the IO2 output of the main control MCU. The output signal controls the K2 contactor. If the power supply is DC12V, the voltage of PIN2 of U1 after being divided by resistors RJ1 and RJ2 is approximately DC5.45V, and the voltage of PIN5 of U1 after being divided by resistors RJ3 and RJ4 is approximately DC10.9V. The PIN3 and PIN6 input sources of U1 are: Figure 3 The voltage at point M1 is V M1- Under normal connection conditions, V M1- The value is in the range of DC6V to DC10.29V, that is, when the number of slave control units is 1, the minimum value is DC6V, and when the number of slave control units is 6, the maximum value is DC10.29V. During normal connection, V M1- The value is within the range of DC6V to DC10.29V, so PIN1 and PIN7 of the comparator of chip U1 LM2903 can continuously output a high level; this output level signal and the IO control signal of the main control MCU are used together by the logic and circuit of chip U2 CD4082 to control the contactor switch in the power circuit.

[0043] In case of abnormal connection, V M1- Since the value is outside the DC6V~DC10.29V range, either pin PIN1 or pin 7 of the comparator of chip U1 LM2903 will continuously output a low level; this low-level output signal triggers the logic AND circuit of chip U2 CD4082 to continuously output a low level, thereby disconnecting the contactor switch in the power circuit.

[0044] Furthermore, a temperature sensor (not shown) is installed inside the connector. The temperature sensor is located on the power terminal side of the connector and is connected to the master control unit or the corresponding slave control unit.

[0045] Since the operating current of the power circuit typically reaches tens or even hundreds of amps, an abnormal connection of the main power connection pin can lead to increased contact resistance and localized heating, ultimately causing an abnormal rise in the connection point temperature and posing a safety risk of overload and burnout. To address this, the present invention adds a temperature sensor to the power terminal of the connector (a high-risk area for connection abnormalities). The main control unit (MCU) or the corresponding slave control unit (MCU) collects and analyzes the temperature data in real time. When the temperature exceeds a preset safety threshold, the main control unit triggers the power circuit cutoff protection (i.e., cuts off K1 and K2), and the slave control unit simultaneously reports the abnormal status, jointly entering the system's abnormal handling process.

[0046] Secondly, for the slave control unit, the connection is considered normal only when the following conditions are met: First, calculate the voltage difference V across the sensing resistor Sn. Sdiff = V Sn+ - V Sn- (Formula 2); Satisfy V M1+ / V Sdiff When = (m + 1) * (1±2%) (Formula 3), the control unit connection is normal; otherwise, the connection is abnormal.

[0047] The implementation method and steps for automatic address allocation and online monitoring of connection status for RS485 or CAN communication are described below: (1) Define the communication address of the master control unit as 0, and the communication addresses of the m slave control units as 1 to m respectively; (2) The main control unit records m as a temporary value M. temp V is broadcast every ts M1+ For each of the slave control units; in this embodiment, t is 1 second; (3) Each of the slave control units is based on Addr = (V M1+ / V Sdiff ) - (V Sn+ / V Sdiff (Formula 4) Calculate its own communication address value Addr, and record this communication address value Addr as the temporary address value Addr. temp Where Addr represents the communication address value of the slave control unit itself; (4) The master control unit sequentially polls each slave control unit to check whether the address setting is successful. If there is no response or the response is incorrect, the setting fails and the system enters the exception handling process. Otherwise, the setting is successful and the normal working process begins. (5) After the address is successfully set, the main control unit continuously monitors V. M1+ With V M1- If it does not conform to V M1- = (VM1+ *m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 5) or compare with previous temporary values ​​M temp If a change of 1 or more occurs, the system will enter the exception handling process. (6) After the address is successfully set, the slave control unit continuously monitors V. Sn+ V Sn- V M1+ Calculate according to Formula 4 and compare with the previously recorded temporary address value Addr temp If compared with the previous temporary address value Addr temp If a change of 1 or more occurs, the system will enter the exception handling process.

[0048] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a combined method for connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation, comprising the following steps: (1) Record the voltage value at the positive terminal of the sensing resistor MR1 as V. M1+ The voltage value at the negative terminal is denoted as V. M1- The voltage at the positive terminal of the sensing resistor SRn is denoted as V. Sn+ The voltage value at the negative terminal is denoted as V. Sn- ; (2) Obtain V M1+ V M1- V Sn+ V Sn- ; (3) When V M1+ V M1- If the first condition is met, it indicates that the main control unit connection is abnormal; otherwise, the connection is normal. (4) When V Sn+ V Sn- If the second condition is met, it indicates that the slave control unit is connected normally; otherwise, the connection is abnormal. (5) When the master control unit is connected normally, each slave control unit calculates and sets its own communication address value.

[0049] In step (3), the first condition adopts formula one, where, V M1- ≠ (V M1+ * m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 1); When Formula 1 is satisfied, it indicates that the main control unit connection is abnormal.

[0050] In the above formula, * indicates multiplication, and m is the total number of slave control units. In this embodiment, m is an integer from 1 to 6. Due to the existence of errors, in this embodiment, multiplying by 1 ± 2% represents an error range of 98% to 102%.

[0051] In step (4), the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the detection resistor SRn is first calculated according to Formula 2, and the voltage difference is denoted as V. Sdiff ,in, V Sdiff = V Sn+ - V Sn- (Formula 2); The second condition uses formula three, where... V M1+ / V Sdiff = (m + 1) * (1±2%) (Formula 3); When Formula 3 is satisfied, it indicates that the slave control unit is connected normally.

[0052] In the above formula, * indicates multiplication, and m is the total number of slave control units. In this embodiment, m is an integer from 1 to 6. Due to the existence of errors, in this embodiment, multiplying by 1 ± 2% represents an error range of 98% to 102%.

[0053] In step (5), the calculation and setting of the communication address value by each slave control unit specifically includes: (51) Define the communication address of the master control unit as 0, and the communication addresses of the m slave control units as 1 to m respectively; (52) The main control unit records m as a temporary value M. temp V is broadcast every ts M1+ To each slave control unit; (53) Each slave control unit calculates its own communication address value according to Formula 4, and records the communication address value as the temporary address value Addr. temp ,in, Addr = (V M1+ / V Sdiff ) - (V Sn+ / V Sdiff (Formula 4); Where Addr represents the communication address value of the slave control unit itself; (54) The master control unit polls each slave control unit in turn to check whether the address setting is successful. If there is no response or the response is incorrect, the setting fails and the system enters the exception handling process. Otherwise, the setting is successful and the normal working process is entered. (55) After the address is successfully set, the main control unit continuously monitors V. M1+ With V M1- If it does not conform to Formula 5 or compared with previous temporary values ​​M temp If a change of value not less than 1 occurs, the system enters the exception handling process. V M1- = (V M1+* m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 5); In the above formula, * indicates multiplication, and m is the total number of slave control units. In this embodiment, m is an integer from 1 to 6. Due to the existence of errors, in this embodiment, multiplying by 1 ± 2% represents an error range of 98% to 102%.

[0054] (56) After the address is successfully set, the slave control unit continuously monitors V. Sn+ V Sn- V M1+ Calculate according to Formula 4 and compare with the previously recorded temporary address value Addr temp If compared with the previous temporary address value Addr temp If a change of 1 or more occurs, the system will enter the exception handling process.

[0055] This invention can achieve: In the RS485 / CAN communication link composed of the master control unit and the slave control unit, the PIN pins at specific positions on the edge of the connector are selected for electrical circuit connection. The detection PIN pins with the characteristic of "disconnecting before other PIN pins and then connecting to other PIN pins" are selected. At the same time, detection resistors are set for the master control node and each slave control node. The master control unit and the slave control unit detect the total voltage drop or segmented voltage drop changes of the resistor network. Combined with voltage acquisition and recursive identification algorithms, the communication address of the slave control unit node is automatically allocated, topology is identified, and connection status is monitored in real time. Multiple redundancy monitoring and hardware / software control mechanisms: The master control unit and slave control unit work together to monitor the connection status and temperature, and combine communication data to assist in judgment to achieve multi-dimensional perception; in case of abnormality, the master control unit MCU can disconnect the power circuit by controlling the IO port through hardware and software or by simply closing the contactor through the hardware protection circuit. The full-link redundancy monitoring improves the system's safety and reliability. Combining the standard resistance value sequence encoding mechanism: By assigning a unique standard resistance value sequence to master and slave control units with the same shape but different energy levels, the automatic identification and matching of modules can be realized, effectively ensuring the compatibility and security of modules.

[0056] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any simple modifications, equivalent changes, and alterations made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention shall fall within the scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims

1. A residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation, comprising a master control unit and m slave control units, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1, wherein the slave control units are sequentially connected via connectors, and the master control unit and the first slave control unit are connected via connectors, characterized in that: The master control unit is equipped with a detection resistor MR1 at its end. The negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 is connected to the first slave control unit. Each slave control unit is equipped with a detection resistor SRn at its end, where n is an integer from 1 to m. The negative terminal of the detection resistor SRn is connected to the next slave control unit, and the negative terminal of the last detection resistor SRn is grounded. The voltage across the detection resistor MR1 is used to detect whether the connection of the master control unit is normal, and the voltage across the detection resistor SRn is used to detect whether the connection of the slave control unit is normal. When the master control unit is connected normally, the master control unit is also used to broadcast the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1 to each of the slave control units. The slave control unit is also used to calculate and set its own communication address after receiving the positive voltage of the detection resistor MR1.

2. The residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connector has PIN3, PIN9, PIN4, and PIN11 in the middle as power supply circuit connection terminals. PIN5 and PIN16 are provided on the same side edge of the connector as communication link electrical circuit connection terminals. PIN15 is provided on one side edge of the connector and PIN17 is provided on the other side edge as detection circuit electrical circuit connection terminals. PIN15 and PIN17 are diagonally arranged. The signal pins of PIN15 and PIN17 are shorter than the signal pins of the other pins.

3. A residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: A temperature sensor is installed inside the connector. The temperature sensor is located on the power terminal side of the connector and is connected to the main control unit or the corresponding slave control unit.

4. A residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a power circuit, which is equipped with a positive contactor K1 and a negative contactor K2. The positive contactor K1 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the total positive terminal of the battery pack and the external electrical positive terminal, and the negative contactor K2 is used to control the connection and disconnection between the total negative terminal of the battery pack and the external electrical negative terminal. The main control unit includes a main control MCU and a hardware protection circuit. The input terminal of the hardware protection circuit is connected to the negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 to receive the negative voltage value V of the detection resistor MR1. M1- The input terminal of the hardware protection circuit is also connected to the main control MCU to receive IO control signals. When the main control unit connection is abnormal, the hardware protection circuit is used to activate the IO control signal according to V. M1- The IO control signal disconnects the positive contactor K1 and the negative contactor K2.

5. A residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 4, characterized in that: The hardware protection circuit includes comparator U1A, comparator U1B, and chip U2. Pin 2 of comparator U1A is connected to resistors RJ1 and RJ2. Resistor RJ1 is connected to VCC12V, and resistor RJ2 is grounded. Pin 3 of comparator U1A is connected to the negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 to receive VCC12V. M1- The comparator U1A's PIN1 output is connected to PIN2 and PIN9 of the chip U2. PIN4 of the comparator U1A is grounded, and PIN8 of the comparator U1A is connected to VCC 12V. The comparator U1B's PIN5 is connected to resistors RJ3 and RJ4. Resistor RJ3 is connected to VCC 12V, and resistor RJ4 is grounded. The comparator U1B's PIN6 is connected to the negative terminal of the detection resistor MR1 to receive VCC 12V. M1- The comparator U1B's PIN7 outputs to the chip U2's PIN3 and PIN10; the chip U2's PIN4 and PIN5 are connected to the main control MCU to receive control signal IO1; the chip U2's PIN11 and PIN12 are connected to the main control MCU to receive control signal IO2; the chip U2's PIN1 outputs the K1 contactor control signal to the positive contactor K1; the chip U2's PIN13 outputs the K2 contactor control signal to the positive contactor K2; the chip U2's PIN14 is connected to VCC12V; the chip U2's PIN7 is grounded; and the chip U2's PIN6 and PIN8 are left unconnected.

6. A combined method for connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation, characterized in that: The application of a residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation as described in any one of claims 1-5 includes the following steps: The voltage value at the positive terminal of the detection resistor MR1 is denoted as V. M1+ The voltage value at the negative terminal is denoted as V. M1- The voltage value at the positive terminal of the detection resistor SRn is denoted as V. Sn+ The voltage value at the negative terminal is denoted as V. Sn- ; Get V M1+ V M1- V Sn+ V Sn- ; When V M1+ V M1- If the first condition is met, it indicates that the main control unit is connected abnormally; otherwise, the connection is normal. When V Sn+ V Sn- The second condition indicates that the slave control unit is connected normally; otherwise, the connection is abnormal. When the master control unit is connected normally, each slave control unit calculates and sets its own communication address value.

7. The composite method for connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 6, characterized in that: The first condition adopts Formula 1, where, V M1- ≠ (V M1+ * m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 1); When Formula 1 is satisfied, it indicates that the main control unit is abnormally connected.

8. The composite method for connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 6, characterized in that: First, calculate the voltage difference between the positive and negative terminals of the detection resistor SRn according to Formula 2, and denote the voltage difference as V. Sdiff ,in, V Sdiff = V Sn+ - V Sn- (Formula 2); The second condition uses formula three, where, V M1+ / V Sdiff = (m + 1) * (1±2%) (Formula 3); When Formula 3 is satisfied, it indicates that the slave control unit is connected normally.

9. A residential high-voltage energy storage system with connection status detection and automatic communication address allocation according to claim 8, characterized in that: Each slave control unit calculates and sets its own communication address value, specifically including: The communication address of the master control unit is defined as 0, and the communication addresses of the m slave control units are sequentially from 1 to m; The main control unit records m as a temporary value M. temp V is broadcast every ts M1+ To each of the slave control units; Each slave control unit calculates its own communication address value Addr according to Formula 4, and records this communication address value Addr as a temporary address value Addr. temp ,in, Addr = (V M1+ / V Sdiff ) - (V Sn+ / V Sdiff (Formula 4); Where Addr represents the communication address value of the slave control unit itself; The master control unit sequentially polls each slave control unit to check whether the address setting was successful. If there is no response or the response is incorrect, the setting fails and the system enters the exception handling process; otherwise, the setting is successful and the normal working process begins. After the address is successfully set, the main control unit continuously monitors V. M1+ With V M1- If it does not conform to Formula 5 or compared with previous temporary values ​​M temp If a change of value not less than 1 occurs, the system enters the exception handling process. V M1- = (V M1+ * m / (m + 1)) * (1±2%) (Formula 5); After the address is successfully set, the slave control unit continuously monitors V. Sn+ V Sn- V M1+ Calculate according to Formula 4 and compare with the previously recorded temporary address value Addr temp If compared with the previous temporary address value Addr temp If a change of 1 or more occurs, the system will enter the exception handling process.

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