State self-sensing type lightning protection equipment, method and system

Abstract

The invention provides state self-sensing type lightning protection equipment, method and system. The state self-sensing type lightning protection equipment comprises a lightning arrester body, a lightning arrester insulating base, a first self-sensing monitoring module integrated in the lightning arrester body, and a second self-sensing monitoring module and a communication and control unit which are integrated in the lightning arrester insulating base, the first self-sensing monitoring module is used for monitoring temperature and humidity information in the lightning arrester body in the operation process of the lightning arrester; the second self-sensing monitoring module is used for monitoring full-working-condition current of the lightning arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage effects; the communication and control unit is used for analyzing and processing the waveform of the full-working-condition current, determining action information and position information of the lightning arrester, and sending the action information and position information of the lightning arrester, the waveform of the full-working-condition current and the temperature and humidity information to an internal network of a power grid; the problems of insufficient real-time performance, data isolation, lack of life evaluation, low intelligent level and the like of the running state monitoring of the existing lightning protection equipment are solved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lightning protection for power grids, specifically to a state-sensing type lightning protection equipment, method, and system. Background Technology

[0002] In power systems, surge arresters and other lightning protection equipment are key devices for ensuring the safe and stable operation of the power grid and are also the foundation of power system insulation coordination. To limit internal and external overvoltages such as lightning overvoltages, switching overvoltages, and temporary overvoltages in power systems, various types of surge arresters, such as line surge arresters, station surge arresters, and high-capacity energy-absorbing devices, have been developed and have been applied on a large scale in the power grid, supporting the rapid development and safe operation of the power grid.

[0003] With the development of new power systems, the scale of power grids is constantly expanding, and the operating environment is becoming increasingly complex, placing higher demands on surge arresters. There is an urgent need to achieve real-time perception, accurate assessment, and intelligent early warning of their operating status to meet the needs of intelligent and lean operation and maintenance of the power grid. Currently, existing surge arresters mainly record their operation counts using mechanical action counters or monitors. Maintenance personnel need to manually inspect and read the data before and after the rainy season, lacking effective means of monitoring and evaluating the quality of surge arresters in operation. The following technical bottlenecks still exist: (1) Insufficient real-time performance: It is impossible to grasp the action status and operating parameters of the surge arrester in real time, making it difficult to cope with the rapid state changes caused by sudden lightning events; (2) Data isolation: The action record only reflects the number of lightning strikes, lacks correlation analysis with lightning parameters (such as lightning current amplitude, waveform, etc.), and cannot assess whether the action characteristics of the surge arrester match the lightning impact; (3) Lack of life assessment: The aging status and remaining life of the surge arrester can only be blindly replaced based on a fixed number of years, lacking accurate assessment methods based on actual operating conditions, which can easily lead to resource waste or safety hazards; (4) Low level of intelligence: Existing surge arrester action counters with remote transmission function mostly rely on handheld devices to download data offline, and the counter adopts an external design, which makes it impossible to design and test synchronously with the surge arrester. The anti-interference ability and high current impact tolerance are insufficient, making it difficult to adapt to complex electromagnetic environments. In addition, the monitored data is singular and has not yet been integrated and analyzed with data from lightning location systems, distributed fault diagnosis systems for transmission lines, etc., which restricts the accuracy of surge arrester status assessment.

[0004] Existing technology 1: CN119247017B discloses an online monitoring and evaluation method for the operating status of zinc oxide surge arresters. This method assesses the operating status of the arrester by obtaining historical usage data (including total years of use, total number of historical failures, and percentage of corrosion area on the casing). It is an experience-based method for evaluating operating status. Surge arresters protect equipment by limiting voltage and discharging current; their operational behavior is a more accurate reflection of their operating status. For example, under large lightning currents, the number of times a surge arrester operates during its lifespan will certainly be less than under small-amplitude lightning currents. Judging solely by the number of operations is overly simplistic.

[0005] Existing technology 2, CN116466148A, surge arrester self-sensing monitoring unit and surge arrester: It realizes the acquisition of surge arrester operating current, but the data volume is limited and it does not have the ability to integrate and analyze data with lightning location systems, nor does it mention monitoring the leakage current of the surge arrester under normal operating conditions and the impulse current under lightning strike, nor does it mention waveform analysis to support the prediction of the surge arrester's lifespan.

[0006] It is evident that existing technologies are unable to achieve real-time monitoring of the operating status of surge arresters. Summary of the Invention

[0007] To address the problem that existing technologies cannot monitor the operating status of surge arresters in real time, this invention proposes a state-sensing type lightning protection equipment, comprising a surge arrester body, a surge arrester insulating base, a first self-sensing monitoring module integrated in the surge arrester body, a second self-sensing monitoring module integrated inside the surge arrester insulating base, and a communication and control unit; the communication and control unit is connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module, the second self-sensing monitoring module, and the power grid's internal network, respectively. The first self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature and humidity information inside the surge arrester body during operation; The second self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the full-condition current of the surge arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage. The full-condition current includes: impulse current, leakage current and follow current. The internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The communication and control unit is used to analyze and process the waveform of the full-condition current, determine the action information and location information of the surge arrester, and send the action information and location information, the waveform of the full-condition current, and the temperature and humidity information to the internal network of the power grid.

[0008] Preferably, the second self-sensing monitoring module includes: a current sensing unit, a signal processing unit, and a conductive copper rod; The current sensing unit is used to monitor the current of the surge arrester body under all operating conditions, including normal operation and internal and external overvoltage. The signal processing unit is connected to the current sensing unit and is used to condition the waveform of the full-condition current. A conductive copper rod runs through the interior of the second self-sensing monitoring module. The two ends of the conductive copper rod are electrically connected to the two ends of the insulating base of the surge arrester body, and are electrically connected to the grounding body of the line tower or substation through the lower end of the insulating base, forming a discharge channel in parallel with the current sensing unit.

[0009] Preferably, the current sensing unit includes multiple current monitoring channels; the current monitoring channels include: The first current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the leakage current of the surge arrester body, and its measured amplitude range includes [0μA, 1mA); The second current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the follow current of the surge arrester body, and its measured amplitude range includes [1mA-50A]. The third current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the first impulse current passing through the arrester body under the action of internal and external overvoltages. The amplitude range of the first impulse current includes [50A-1kA]. The fourth current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the second impulse current passing through the arrester body under the action of internal and external overvoltages. The amplitude range of the second impulse current includes [1kA-100kA].

[0010] Preferably, both the first current monitoring channel and the second current monitoring channel include a magnetoresistive sensor; the magnetoresistive sensor samples at a first frequency and the waveform recording duration is a first duration. Both the third and fourth current monitoring channels include Rogowski coils; the Rogowski coils are sampled using a second frequency, and the waveform recording duration is a second duration. Among them, the first frequency < the second frequency; the first duration > the second duration.

[0011] Preferably, the magnetoresistive sensor disposed in the first current monitoring channel includes: A magnetic ring is used to enhance the weak magnetic field and improve the sensitivity of the magnetoresistive sensor in the first current monitoring channel to monitor weak currents.

[0012] Preferably, the conditioning of the signal processing unit includes: The waveform of the full-condition current is amplified and filtered to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

[0013] Preferably, the communication and control unit includes: Interconnected BeiDou standard clock subunit, BeiDou positioning subunit, control subunit and communication subunit; The control subunit is connected to the second self-sensing monitoring module and is used to analyze and process the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester. The BeiDou standard clock subunit is used to record the operation time and number of operations of the surge arrester when it is activated. The Beidou positioning subunit is used to locate the position information of the surge arrester; The communication subunit is also connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module and is used for: The waveform of the full-condition current, the operation and location information of the surge arrester, and the temperature and humidity information are encrypted and transmitted to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

[0014] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a state-sensing lightning protection method, which implements the following steps based on a self-sensing monitoring module: The communication and control unit of the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment determines the action information and position information of the lightning arrester by collecting the waveform of the current of the arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage action based on the second self-sensing monitoring module. The communication and control unit transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester action information and location information to the power grid's internal network, so as to realize surge arrester action event authentication, operation status analysis and health status assessment. The full-condition current includes: impulse current, leakage current and follow current; the internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The state-sensing lightning protection equipment is any one of the aforementioned state-sensing lightning protection equipment.

[0015] Preferably, determining the action information and location information of the surge arrester includes: The control subunit of the communication and control unit analyzes and processes the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester; The Beidou standard clock subunit of the communication and control unit collects the action information of the surge arrester based on the action of the surge arrester. The action information includes the surge arrester action time and the number of actions. The Beidou positioning subunit of the communication and control unit locates the position information of the surge arrester.

[0016] Preferably, the communication and control unit transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester operation information, and the location information to the power grid's internal network, including: The communication subunit of the communication and control unit encrypts the operation information and location information of the surge arrester, as well as the waveform, temperature and humidity information of the conditioned full-condition current, and transmits them to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

[0017] Preferably, a health status assessment of the surge arrester includes: Extract the current data from the waveform of the full-condition current during the stage when the surge arrester trips and interrupts the follow current. The resistive current component is extracted from the current data during the freewheeling interruption phase using Fourier transform. The health risk level of the surge arrester is determined based on the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the resistive current component.

[0018] Preferably, the surge arrester is authenticated for operating events, including: The waveform, current amplitude, polarity, surge arrester operating time, surge arrester operating frequency and location information, temperature and humidity information of the full-condition current are spatiotemporally matched and verified with the lightning information detected by the lightning location system and the lightning strike information recorded by the transmission line fault diagnosis system in order to confirm the authenticity and effectiveness of the surge arrester operation and evaluate the operating characteristics of the surge arrester.

[0019] Preferably, before determining the action information and location information of the surge arrester, the method further includes: The communication and control unit amplifies and filters the waveform of the full-condition current according to the signal processing unit of the second self-sensing monitoring module to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

[0020] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides a state-sensing type lightning protection system, comprising: The determination module is used to determine the action information and position information of the surge arrester by collecting the waveform of the current of the surge arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage action through the communication and control unit of the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment according to the second self-sensing monitoring module. The transmission module is used to transmit the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module and the waveform of the full-condition current to the internal network of the power grid through the communication and control unit, so as to realize the action event authentication, operation status analysis and health status assessment of the surge arrester.

[0021] Preferably, the determining module determines the action information and location information of the surge arrester, including: The control subunit of the communication and control unit analyzes and processes the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester; The Beidou standard clock subunit of the communication and control unit collects the action information of the surge arrester based on the action of the surge arrester. The action information includes the surge arrester action time and the number of actions. The Beidou positioning subunit of the communication and control unit locates the position information of the surge arrester.

[0022] Preferably, the communication and control unit in the transmission module transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester operation information, and the location information to the internal network of the power grid, including: The communication subunit of the communication and control unit encrypts the operation information and location information of the surge arrester, as well as the waveform, temperature and humidity information of the conditioned full-condition current, and transmits them to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

[0023] Preferably, the transmission module performs a health status assessment of the surge arrester, including: Extract the current data from the waveform of the full-condition current during the stage when the surge arrester trips and interrupts the follow current. The resistive current component is extracted from the current data during the freewheeling interruption phase using Fourier transform. The health risk level of the surge arrester is determined based on the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the resistive current component.

[0024] Preferably, the transmission module performs action event authentication for the surge arrester, including: The waveform, current amplitude, polarity, surge arrester operating time, surge arrester operating frequency and location information, temperature and humidity information of the full-condition current are spatiotemporally matched and verified with the lightning information detected by the lightning location system and the lightning strike information recorded by the transmission line fault diagnosis system in order to confirm the authenticity and effectiveness of the surge arrester operation and evaluate the operating characteristics of the surge arrester.

[0025] Preferably, the system further includes: The conditioning module is used to amplify and filter the waveform of the full-condition current through the signal processing unit of the second self-sensing monitoring module via the communication and control unit to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

[0026] Based on the same inventive concept, this application also provides an electronic device, including: at least one processor and a memory; the memory and the processor are connected via a bus; The memory is used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the at least one processor, the state-aware lightning protection method provided by the present invention is implemented.

[0027] In another aspect, this application also provides a computer-readable storage medium having a computer program stored thereon, wherein when the computer program is executed, it implements a state-sensing type lightning protection method provided by the present invention.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: This invention provides a state-sensing type lightning protection equipment, including a surge arrester body, a surge arrester insulating base, a first self-sensing monitoring module integrated in the surge arrester body, a second self-sensing monitoring module integrated inside the surge arrester insulating base, and a communication and control unit. The communication and control unit is connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module, the second self-sensing monitoring module, and the power grid's internal network. The first self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature and humidity information inside the surge arrester body during operation. The second self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the surge arrester body during normal operation and internal and external conditions. The full-condition current under overvoltage includes impulse current, leakage current, and follow current. The internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The communication and control unit is used to analyze and process the waveform of the conditioned full-condition current, determine the action information and location information of the surge arrester, and send the action information, location information, the waveform of the conditioned full-condition current, and the temperature and humidity information to the internal network of the power grid. This solves the problems of insufficient real-time monitoring, data isolation, lack of life assessment, and low level of intelligence of existing lightning protection equipment.

[0029] Specifically, the self-sensing monitoring module is built into the surge arrester and is an integral part of it. It is designed, manufactured, and tested simultaneously with the surge arrester, thus placing higher demands on the self-sensing unit module. The state self-sensing approach proposed in this invention is applicable to lightning protection equipment such as line surge arresters and station surge arresters, as well as to monitoring normal operating conditions and the operation under lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage.

[0030] The state-sensing lightning protection method provided in this application determines the arrester's operation and location information by having the communication and control unit of the state-sensing lightning protection equipment collect waveforms of the arrester's full-condition current under normal operation and internal / external overvoltage conditions from the second self-sensing monitoring module. The communication and control unit then transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the conditioned full-condition current waveform, and the arrester's operation and location information to the power grid's internal network to achieve arrester operation event authentication, operational status assessment, and health status evaluation. The current includes: impulse current, leakage current, and follow current. The internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The state-sensing lightning protection equipment is any of the aforementioned state-sensing lightning protection equipment, realizing the sensing of the impulse current amplitude, full-condition current waveform, action time, number of actions, Beidou position status parameters, temperature and humidity of the lightning protection equipment. It upgrades passive, single-type surge arresters to active, multi-parameter, and intelligent surge arresters, realizing the role leap of surge arresters from traditional "passive protection elements" to "active sensing nodes" in the context of new power systems. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the internal interface of the self-sensing monitoring module in the state-sensing lightning protection equipment of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the top interface of the self-sensing monitoring module in the state-sensing lightning protection equipment of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram showing the self-sensing monitoring module located inside the insulating base in the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a gapped line arrester in the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the gapless lightning arrester in the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the interface of the state-sensing lightning protection system in the state-sensing lightning protection equipment of the present invention; Figure 7 This is a flowchart of the state-sensing type lightning protection method of the present invention; Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of the state-sensing type lightning protection system of the present invention; Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of an electronic device structure according to the present invention.

[0032] 1-Shielding shell I; 2-Analog circuit board; 3-Magnetoresistive sensor I; 4-Magnetoresistive sensor II; 5-Conductive copper rod; 6-Magnetic collecting ring; 7-Rogowski coil I; 8-Rogowski coil II; 9-Communication control board; 10-Data acquisition board; 11-Shielding shell II; 12-Ribbon cable; 21-Communication interface; 22-Power supply interface; 23-BeiDou antenna SMA interface; 24-Waterproof and breathable valve; 31-Upper cover plate of insulating base; 32-Lower cover plate of insulating base; 41-Pure air gap; 42-Surge arrester body; 43-Insulating base; 51-Equalizing ring. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To better understand this invention, the following description, in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and examples, will further illustrate the invention.

[0034] Example 1: like Figure 1-5 As shown, the present invention proposes a state-sensing type lightning protection equipment, including a surge arrester body, a surge arrester insulating base, a first self-sensing monitoring module integrated in the surge arrester body, and a second self-sensing monitoring module and a communication and control unit integrated inside the surge arrester insulating base. Under normal operating conditions, that is, at the normal operating voltage of the system, the surge arrester... Figure 4-5 As shown, because the surge arrester exhibits high resistance (above MΩ) and is in an overall insulating state, its leakage current is very small, in the μA range. When the surge arrester experiences internal aging, moisture, or external contamination, the leakage current will change significantly. Furthermore, this change is a slow process. For self-sensing surge arresters, real-time monitoring of leakage current changes is unnecessary, which reduces the power consumption requirements of the self-sensing unit module. Therefore, the leakage current measurement threshold is set to above mA. That is, the self-sensing unit module can only detect data when the leakage current amplitude reaches 1mA, indicating that the leakage current exceeds the limit, the surge arrester is operating abnormally, and the arrester needs to be replaced in advance. When the leakage current is below 1mA, the measured data is 0, indicating that the surge arrester is operating normally. Data acquisition frequency is daily, but can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0035] Lightning current has a large amplitude (up to hundreds of kA) and a steeper waveform front (μs), making data acquisition by self-sensing unit modules more difficult. Furthermore, existing surge arrester monitoring devices are all separate units, independent of the surge arrester, and are tested separately. When the monitoring device is used as an external unit and operates together with the surge arrester, it needs to withstand the large current surge through the surge arrester and the complex operating environment, often resulting in failure due to insufficient withstand capability.

[0036] Therefore, the technical solution of this invention is described using the response acquisition of a surge arrester under lightning overvoltage. The self-sensing unit module mentioned in this invention, through structural optimization design, achieves an integrated structural design with the surge arrester, integrating the self-sensing unit module inside the surge arrester, making it a part of the surge arrester. It undergoes simultaneous testing and verification with the surge arrester, passing all the tests required by the surge arrester and monitoring devices, resulting in more stringent assessments. This enhances the equipment's electromagnetic interference resistance and large impulse current tolerance, and improves operational reliability in complex environments. It also enables the compactness and miniaturization of state-sensing lightning protection equipment, improving the intelligence level of the surge arrester. Furthermore, statistics show that 80% of surge arrester failures are due to inherent defects, with moisture being the primary cause and poor sealing systems being the main type of defect. Whether it's moisture inside the surge arrester cavity or deterioration of the resistor elements, both will cause the resistor elements to heat up, leading to an increase in the internal temperature of the surge arrester. Therefore, the temperature of the resistor elements and the humidity of the internal cavity of the surge arrester can be directly measured to understand the internal operating status information of the surge arrester.

[0037] This invention incorporates temperature and humidity sensors within the surge arrester body to measure the surface temperature of the resistor elements in real time. When abnormal temperature changes occur, the humidity measurement data can be combined to determine whether the temperature rise is caused by sealing failure, moisture within the surge arrester cavity, or excessive voltage across the resistor elements due to severely uneven potential distribution. The data acquisition unit features an inrush current self-starting function and a timed acquisition function. When the resistor element is subjected to an inrush current, temperature measurement can be initiated within 1 second to immediately measure the temperature rise caused by the inrush current. Timed acquisition allows for periodic collection of the surge arrester cavity temperature and humidity at intervals of 20 seconds to 1 hour. Depending on the actual product requirements, one or more data acquisition units can be placed within the surge arrester cavity to measure the resistor element temperature at multiple locations within the surge arrester body in real time, significantly improving the real-time performance, accuracy, and reliability of surge arrester operation status assessment.

[0038] The communication and control unit is connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module, the second self-sensing monitoring module, and the power grid's internal network, respectively. The first self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature and humidity information inside the surge arrester body during operation; The second self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the full-condition current of the surge arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage. The full-condition current includes: impulse current, leakage current and follow current. The internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The communication and control unit is used to analyze and process the waveform of the conditioned full-condition current, determine the action information and location information of the surge arrester, and send the action information and location information, the waveform of the conditioned full-condition current, and the temperature and humidity information to the internal network of the power grid.

[0039] In one specific embodiment, the surge arrester is installed in parallel with the protected equipment. When the voltage across the protected equipment exceeds the operating voltage of the surge arrester, the surge arrester will change from its normal operating state (insulation or high resistance) to its conducting or low resistance state, allowing lightning current to flow through it and absorbing its energy, thus serving to discharge current and limit voltage. The self-sensing monitoring module can monitor and obtain full-condition current waveform signal data from the surge arrester's operation under lightning overvoltage to its interruption of the subsequent system current, including large currents in the hundreds of kA range, small currents in the hundreds of A range, and mA-level current waveforms during the follow current period, to form a complete current waveform. From the waveform, parameters such as the amplitude, polarity, and number of operations of the impulse current passing through the surge arrester can be further read.

[0040] Relevant monitoring data can be recorded via analog circuit boards, data acquisition boards, and communication control boards. It also features power interfaces, communication interfaces, a BeiDou antenna SMA interface, and a waterproof and breathable valve to ensure consistent atmospheric pressure inside and outside the self-sensing monitoring module.

[0041] The core function of the analog circuit board is to condition, convert, and drive the continuous physical signals of the surge arrester during normal operation and when it is subjected to internal or external overvoltages such as lightning.

[0042] The core function of the data acquisition board is to accurately convert the analog signals processed by the analog circuit board into digital signals that can be recognized and processed by the computer.

[0043] The core function of the communication control board is as the system's core processor, responsible for running control algorithms, processing data, making decisions, and managing communication with the host computer (such as a PC or intranet) and other devices.

[0044] In this embodiment, different current channels are used to monitor currents in different amplitude ranges. Large currents in the hundreds of kA range and small currents in the hundreds of A range are measured by Rogowski coils, while freewheeling currents in the mA range are measured by magnetoresistive sensors. Magnetoresistive sensors are applicable to both AC and DC power grid systems, thus avoiding the problem that Rogowski coils can only measure pulses and AC currents but cannot measure DC currents.

[0045] Furthermore, a magnetoresistive sensor is used to monitor the leakage current of the surge arrester under normal operating conditions, as well as the follow current formed by the interruption of the lightning current and system voltage applied across the surge arrester after the surge arrester operates under lightning overvoltage. At this time, the current value is relatively small. At the same time, when the system voltage is DC voltage, the Rogowski coil cannot monitor the DC current. Therefore, a magnetoresistive sensor with a wider range of applications and higher measurement accuracy is used here for monitoring, which further realizes the accurate acquisition of the current waveform of the surge arrester under all operating conditions and ensures the accuracy of health status identification.

[0046] In one specific embodiment, the current sensing unit is divided into four current monitoring channels, which collect data according to the current amplitude and control the working sequence of the channels to achieve monitoring of the current throughout the entire process. Specifically, this includes: The second self-sensing monitoring module includes a current sensing unit, which includes multiple current monitoring channels; the current monitoring channels include: The first current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the leakage current of the surge arrester body, and its measured amplitude range includes [0μA, 1mA); The second current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the follow current of the surge arrester body, and its measured amplitude range includes [1mA-50A]. The third current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the first impulse current passing through the arrester body under the action of internal and external overvoltages. The amplitude range of the first impulse current includes [50A-1kA]. The fourth current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the second impulse current passing through the arrester body under the action of internal and external overvoltages. The amplitude range of the second impulse current includes [1kA-100kA].

[0047] Both the first current monitoring channel and the second current monitoring channel include a magnetoresistive sensor; the magnetoresistive sensor uses a first frequency for sampling, and the waveform recording duration is a first duration. Both the third and fourth current monitoring channels include Rogowski coils; the Rogowski coils use a second frequency for sampling, and the waveform recording duration is the second duration. First frequency < Second frequency; First duration > Second duration.

[0048] Specifically, the Rogowski coil measures the amplitude range of lightning impulse current from 50A to 100kA, using a MHz frequency for sampling (i.e., the aforementioned second frequency), with a waveform recording duration of 1ms (i.e., the aforementioned second duration). The measured amplitude range can be segmented according to actual conditions, such as 50A-1kA as a small range and 1kA-100kA as a large range. The magnetoresistive sensor is designed to monitor a range of 1mA-50A, using a 10kHz frequency (i.e., the aforementioned first frequency) for sampling, with a waveform recording duration of 10ms (i.e., the aforementioned first duration). The measured amplitude range can also be segmented according to actual conditions, such as 1mA-1A as a small range and 1A-50A as a large range.

[0049] In another specific embodiment, the above-mentioned current monitoring channel can be represented as: Channel 4 (i.e. the aforementioned first current monitoring channel), CH4, magnetoresistive sensor I (0μA-1mA) for monitoring leakage current at the μA level. Channel 3 (i.e., the aforementioned second current monitoring channel), CH3, magnetoresistive sensor II (1mA-50A) for monitoring small currents in the mA range. Channel 2 (i.e., the aforementioned third current monitoring channel), CH2, Rogowski coil I (50A-1kA) for monitoring currents in the hundreds of A range. Channel 1 (i.e., the aforementioned fourth current monitoring channel), CH1, Rogowski coil II (1kA-100kA) for high current monitoring at the kA level.

[0050] Furthermore, to improve the high sensitivity of the magnetoresistive sensor to small currents, the magnetoresistive sensor can be placed inside the magnetic collector ring, specifically including: The magnetoresistive sensor installed in the first current monitoring channel includes: A magnetic ring is used to enhance the weak magnetic field and improve the sensitivity of the magnetoresistive sensor in the first current monitoring channel to monitor weak currents.

[0051] In one specific embodiment, the magnetoresistive sensor I (i.e., the first current monitoring channel) for monitoring μA-level leakage current is placed inside a permalloy magnetic ring (collector ring). The combined use of the magnetoresistive sensor and the permalloy magnetic ring enables highly sensitive, non-contact monitoring of small current signals. This combination itself does not directly amplify current or voltage, but rather, through "magnetic amplification" (magnetic field concentration and enhancement) and highly sensitive magnetoelectric conversion, it converts and amplifies the magnetic field generated by a small current that is originally too weak to be accurately measured into a signal that can be processed and amplified by subsequent circuitry.

[0052] In this embodiment, to avoid the problem of lightning current conduction capacity being lost due to a failure of the self-sensing monitoring module, which could further damage the surge arrester, a current discharge channel is formed by an internal conductive copper rod, specifically including: The second self-sensing monitoring module includes: a current sensing unit, a signal processing unit, and a conductive copper rod; The current sensing unit is used to monitor the current of the surge arrester body under all operating conditions, including normal operation and internal and external overvoltage. The signal processing unit is connected to the current sensing unit and is used to condition the waveform of the full-condition current. A conductive copper rod runs through the interior of the second self-sensing monitoring module. The two ends of the conductive copper rod are electrically connected to the two ends of the insulating base of the surge arrester body, and are electrically connected to the grounding body of the line tower or substation through the lower end of the insulating base, forming a discharge channel in parallel with the current sensing unit.

[0053] In one specific embodiment, the current monitoring process under lightning strike conditions is as follows: the upper end of the conductive copper rod is connected to the upper cover of the insulating base (the second self-sensing monitoring module is integrated inside the insulating base), and the lower end is connected to the lower cover of the insulating base. The lower cover of the insulating base is connected to the line tower or substation grounding electrode. Figure 3 As shown, even if the second self-sensing monitoring module malfunctions, the low-voltage end of the surge arrester remains grounded due to the presence of the conductive copper rod, and it still has the function of diverting lightning current. It can still work normally and safely, except that it cannot record data on lightning current and lightning strike action.

[0054] When the surge arrester activates under the influence of lightning current, that is, after the internal zinc oxide resistive element conducts, the lightning current flows in from above the conductive copper rod. The current amplitude is typically tens of kA. Rogowski coils I and II then operate, recording the waveforms within the corresponding current amplitude range. After the lightning current dissipates, the surge arrester, exhibiting good nonlinear volt-ampere characteristics, begins to return to a high-resistance state, gradually cutting off the subsequent system follow current. At this point, magnetoresistive sensor I (i.e., the aforementioned first current monitoring channel) and magnetoresistive sensor II (i.e., the aforementioned second current monitoring channel) begin to operate, recording the waveforms within the corresponding current amplitude range. Together, these record waveforms form complete waveform data. Further analysis of this waveform data reveals the lightning current amplitude, polarity, number of activations, etc.

[0055] In this embodiment, after the current is monitored and acquired by the magnetoresistive sensor and Rogowski coil in the current monitoring channel of the current sensing unit, the acquired current can be preliminarily processed by the signal processing unit, which specifically includes: The signal processing unit is further used for: The waveform of the full-condition current is amplified and filtered to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

[0056] In one specific embodiment, data such as the current waveform, amplitude, and duration are monitored from the moment the surge arrester operates under lightning strike until it cuts off the subsequent current formed by the system voltage applied across the surge arrester (the follow-through interruption phase). The total current monitored during the follow-through interruption period includes resistive and capacitive currents. Although the resistive current accounts for 8-20%, it affects the surge arrester's power consumption, leakage current, and operational lifespan. The resistive current is obtained from the total current through Fourier transform and other methods. Based on the resistive current waveform data, the waveform shape, amplitude, and the time and amplitude required to cut off the subsequent system current are analyzed to determine the surge arrester's operating status and construct its health index.

[0057] In this embodiment, to further accurately record information such as the action time and number of actions of the surge arrester, a BeiDou standard clock subunit and a BeiDou positioning subunit can be built into the communication and control unit, which specifically includes: Interconnected BeiDou standard clock subunit, BeiDou positioning subunit, control subunit and communication subunit; The control subunit is connected to the second self-sensing monitoring module and is used to analyze and process the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester. The BeiDou standard clock subunit is used to record the operation time and number of operations of the surge arrester when it is activated. The Beidou positioning subunit is used to locate the position information of the surge arrester; The communication subunit is also connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module and is used for: The waveform of the full-condition current, the operation and location information of the surge arrester, and the temperature and humidity information are encrypted and transmitted to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

[0058] In one specific embodiment, the communication and control unit of the second self-sensing monitoring module records the operation time, number of operations, and installation location of the surge arrester each time it operates, through a built-in BeiDou standard clock subunit and BeiDou positioning subunit. This ultimately achieves comprehensive, real-time perception of the surge arrester's operating status and operational characteristics. This data is also transmitted to the power grid's intranet via encryption and a secure access gateway. It is then linked with data from the lightning location system and the distributed fault diagnosis system for transmission lines deployed within the intranet, and fused for analysis to construct a surge arrester health index. This multi-faceted verification of the surge arrester's actual operation allows for real-time monitoring of its operational status, accurate identification of the surge arrester's lightning strike actions, evaluation of its protection effectiveness, and further improvement in the accuracy of surge arrester status assessment.

[0059] like Figure 6 As shown, a schematic diagram of the interface of a state-sensing lightning protection system in a state-sensing lightning protection device is provided.

[0060] This state-sensing lightning protection system is built on a Geographic Information System (GIS). It realizes panoramic visualization and integrated analysis of surge arrester operating status, lightning activity information, and lightning fault data. It deeply integrates and visualizes surge arrester self-sensing data, lightning location system data, transmission line distributed fault diagnosis system data, and geographic information on a unified platform, creating a "single map of surge arrester lightning protection equipment operation". The surge arrester operating status data is automatically matched and associated with lightning location system data and transmission line distributed fault diagnosis system data, completing the automated analysis of surge arrester action characteristics. It realizes functions such as power grid operation, lightning activity, surge arrester action alarm, data viewing, and effect evaluation, realizing the controllability, manageability, and controllability of surge arresters in operation throughout the power grid.

[0061] Self-sensing unit modules are functionally adapted to different voltage levels, importance levels, and application requirements of transmission lines to achieve differentiated specifications for surge arresters. For example, ultra-high voltage surge arresters possess all parameters for state self-sensing, enabling the sensing of surge arrester impulse current amplitude, full-condition current waveform, operating time, number of operations, BeiDou position, and temperature and humidity status parameters. For distribution network surge arresters, considering the cost and structure of the self-sensing monitoring module, the sensing of surge arrester impulse current amplitude, operating time, number of operations, and BeiDou position status parameters is achieved.

[0062] Example 2 This invention also provides a state-sensing type lightning protection method, such as... Figure 7 As shown, the following steps are implemented based on the self-sensing monitoring module: Step 1: The communication and control unit of the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment collects the waveform of the current of the arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage action according to the second self-sensing monitoring module, and determines the action information and position information of the arrester. Step 2: The communication and control unit transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester action information and location information to the power grid's internal network to realize surge arrester action event authentication, operation status analysis and health status assessment.

[0063] The full-condition current includes: impulse current, leakage current and follow current; internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage; the state-sensing lightning protection equipment is any of the aforementioned state-sensing lightning protection equipment.

[0064] In one specific embodiment, the current monitoring process is as follows: When the surge arrester is in normal operating condition, the current is very small. For a line surge arrester with a gap, such as... Figure 4 As shown, when the current is in the μA range, only magnetoresistive sensor I (i.e., the aforementioned first current monitoring channel) is working. When the current value reaches the mA level, the current value is recorded, indicating that the surge arrester may be aging, damp, or severely contaminated internally. For gapless station surge arresters, the current is in the hundreds of μA to mA range. At this time, magnetoresistive sensor I and magnetoresistive sensor II (i.e., the aforementioned second current monitoring channel) work together. When the current reaches the several mA to 10 mA level, it indicates that the surge arrester may be aging, damp, or severely contaminated internally.

[0065] In this embodiment, after monitoring and collecting full-condition current data, the full-condition current data can be conditioned to obtain a conditioned full-condition current waveform, which facilitates subsequent analysis and processing based on the conditioned full-condition current waveform to determine the arrester's operation and location information. Specifically, this includes: The control subunit of the communication and control unit analyzes and processes the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester; The Beidou standard clock subunit of the communication and control unit collects the action information of the surge arrester based on the action of the surge arrester. The action information includes the surge arrester action time and action count information. The Beidou positioning subunit of the communication and control unit locates the position information of the surge arrester.

[0066] After collecting the surge arrester's action and location information, waveform of the current under all operating conditions, and temperature and humidity information, the above information can be transmitted to the power grid's internal network for health status assessment, operational status analysis, and action event authentication. Specifically, this includes: The communication subunit of the communication and control unit encrypts the operation information and location information of the surge arrester, as well as the waveform, temperature and humidity information of the conditioned full-condition current, and transmits them to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

[0067] Before transmitting the full-condition current waveform to the intranet, the waveform can be conditioned to facilitate subsequent health assessments, status authentication, and other operations based on the waveform. Specifically, this includes: The communication and control unit amplifies and filters the waveform of the full-condition current according to the signal processing unit of the second self-sensing monitoring module to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

[0068] In this embodiment, the health status assessment of the surge arrester specifically includes: Extract the current data from the waveform of the full-condition current during the stage when the surge arrester trips and interrupts the follow current. The resistive current component is extracted from the current data during the freewheeling interruption phase using Fourier transform. The health risk level of the surge arrester is determined based on the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the resistive current component.

[0069] In one specific embodiment, resistive current is obtained by analyzing the conditioned full-condition current waveform using methods such as Fourier transform. Based on the resistive current waveform data, the operating status of the surge arrester is determined, and the risk level of the surge arrester is given as A, B, or C. Corresponding operation and maintenance strategies are proposed for the surge arrester. Level A means continue operation, Level B means replacement during the next power outage maintenance of the transmission line, and Level C means immediate replacement. This realizes proactive operation and maintenance based on the status of the surge arrester itself, constructing a closed-loop system from "passive response" to "proactive operation and maintenance". It also realizes the role leap of the surge arrester from a traditional "passive protection element" to an "active sensing node" in the context of the new power system.

[0070] The specific procedures for authenticating the action events of surge arresters include: The waveform, current amplitude, polarity, surge arrester operating time, surge arrester operating frequency, BeiDou location information, and surge arrester temperature and humidity information of the full-condition current are spatiotemporally matched and verified with the lightning information detected by the lightning positioning system and the lightning strike information recorded by the transmission line fault diagnosis system to confirm the authenticity and effectiveness of the surge arrester operation.

[0071] Specifically, lightning location systems can provide information on lightning activity around power line towers, including: lightning current duration, waveform, amplitude, polarity, number of lightning return strokes, latitude and longitude, participation of lightning detection stations in the location process, and information on the towers closest to the lightning strike point. Distributed fault diagnosis systems for transmission lines can provide data such as the location of lightning faults, lightning current waveform, amplitude, and polarity, and can identify the nature of the lightning fault (backflashover / sideburning).

[0072] Example 3: Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a state-sensing type lightning protection system, such as... Figure 8 As shown, it includes: The determination module is used to determine the action information and position information of the surge arrester by collecting the waveform of the current of the surge arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage action through the communication and control unit of the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment according to the second self-sensing monitoring module. The transmission module is used to transmit the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester action information and location information to the internal network of the power grid through the communication and control unit, so as to realize the authentication of the surge arrester action event, the judgment of the operation status and the assessment of the health status.

[0073] Preferably, the determining module determines the action information and location information of the surge arrester, including: The control subunit of the communication and control unit analyzes and processes the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester; The Beidou standard clock subunit of the communication and control unit collects the action information of the surge arrester based on the action of the surge arrester. The action information includes the surge arrester action time and action count information. The Beidou positioning subunit of the communication and control unit locates the position information of the surge arrester.

[0074] Preferably, the communication and control unit in the transmission module transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester operation information, and the location information to the internal network of the power grid, including: The communication subunit of the communication and control unit encrypts the operation information and location information of the surge arrester, as well as the waveform, temperature and humidity information of the conditioned full-condition current, and transmits them to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

[0075] Preferably, the transmission module performs a health status assessment of the surge arrester, including: Extract the current data from the waveform of the full-condition current during the stage when the surge arrester trips and interrupts the follow current. The resistive current component is extracted from the current data during the freewheeling interruption phase using Fourier transform. The health risk level of the surge arrester is determined based on the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the resistive current component.

[0076] Preferably, the transmission module performs action event authentication for the surge arrester, including: The waveform, current amplitude, polarity, surge arrester operating time, surge arrester operating frequency and location information, temperature and humidity information of the full-condition current are spatiotemporally matched and verified with the lightning information detected by the lightning location system and the lightning strike information recorded by the transmission line fault diagnosis system in order to confirm the authenticity and effectiveness of the surge arrester operation and evaluate the operating characteristics of the surge arrester.

[0077] Preferably, the system further includes: The conditioning module is used to amplify and filter the waveform of the full-condition current through the signal processing unit of the second self-sensing monitoring module via the communication and control unit to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

[0078] Example 4 like Figure 9As shown, the present invention also provides an electronic device, which may be a computer device, a microcontroller device, a smart mobile device, etc. The electronic device in this embodiment may include a processor, a memory, a transceiver component, etc. The memory, processor, and transceiver component are connected via a bus; the memory can be used to store executable programs, and an exemplary executable program may include instructions; the processor is used to execute the instructions stored in the memory. The memory can also be used to store data, which can be accessed and / or modified when instructions are executed.

[0079] The processor may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), or it may be other general-purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components, etc. It is the computing core and control core of the terminal, and it is suitable for implementing one or more instructions. Specifically, it is suitable for loading and executing one or more instructions in the storage medium to realize the corresponding method flow or corresponding function, so as to realize the steps of a state-sensing type lightning protection method in the above embodiments.

[0080] Example 5 Based on the same inventive concept, this invention also provides a readable storage medium, specifically an electronic device readable storage medium (Memory). This readable storage medium is a memory device within an electronic device used to store programs and data. It is understood that the storage medium here can include both built-in storage media within the electronic device and extended storage media supported by the electronic device. The storage medium provides storage space, which stores the terminal's operating system. Furthermore, this storage space also stores one or more instructions suitable for loading and execution by a processor. These instructions can be one or more executable programs (including program code). It should be noted that the storage medium here can be high-speed RAM or non-volatile memory, such as at least one disk storage device. Loading and executing one or more instructions stored in the storage medium by the processor can implement the steps of a state-aware lightning protection method described in the above embodiments.

[0081] Those skilled in the art will understand that embodiments of the present invention can be provided as methods, systems, or computer program products. Therefore, the present invention can take the form of a completely hardware embodiment, a completely software embodiment, or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention can take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media (including, but not limited to, disk storage, CD-ROM, optical storage, etc.) containing computer-usable program code.

[0082] This invention is described with reference to flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams of methods, apparatus (systems), and computer program products according to embodiments of the invention. It will be understood that each block of the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, and combinations of blocks in the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams, can be implemented by computer program instructions. These computer program instructions can be provided to a processor of a general-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, embedded processor, or other programmable data processing apparatus to produce a machine, such that the instructions, which execute via the processor of the computer or other programmable data processing apparatus, generate instructions for implementing the flowchart illustrations and / or block diagrams. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 A device that provides the functions specified in one or more boxes.

[0083] These computer program instructions may also be stored in a computer-readable storage medium that can direct a computer or other programmable data processing device to function in a particular manner, such that the instructions stored in the computer-readable storage medium produce an article of manufacture including instruction means, which are implemented in a process Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The function specified in one or more boxes.

[0084] These computer program instructions may also be loaded onto a computer or other programmable data processing equipment to cause a series of operational steps to be performed on the computer or other programmable equipment to produce a computer-implemented process, thereby providing instructions that execute on the computer or other programmable equipment for implementing the process. Figure 1 One or more processes and / or boxes Figure 1 The steps of the function specified in one or more boxes.

[0085] The above are merely embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are included within the scope of the claims of the present invention pending approval.

Claims

1. A state-sensing type lightning protection equipment, characterized in that, It includes a surge arrester body, a surge arrester insulating base, a first self-sensing monitoring module integrated in the surge arrester body, a second self-sensing monitoring module integrated inside the surge arrester insulating base, and a communication and control unit; the communication and control unit is connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module, the second self-sensing monitoring module, and the power grid's internal network, respectively. The first self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the temperature and humidity information inside the surge arrester body during operation; The second self-sensing monitoring module is used to monitor the full-condition current of the surge arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage. The full-condition current includes: impulse current, leakage current and follow current. The internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The communication and control unit is used to analyze and process the waveform of the current under all operating conditions, determine the action information and location information of the surge arrester, and send the action information and location information, the waveform of the current under all operating conditions, and the temperature and humidity information to the internal network of the power grid.

2. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second self-sensing monitoring module includes: a current sensing unit, a signal processing unit, and a conductive copper rod; The current sensing unit is used to monitor the current of the surge arrester body under all operating conditions, including normal operation and internal and external overvoltage. The signal processing unit is connected to the current sensing unit and is used to condition the waveform of the full-condition current. A conductive copper rod runs through the interior of the second self-sensing monitoring module. The two ends of the conductive copper rod are electrically connected to the two ends of the insulating base of the surge arrester body, and are electrically connected to the grounding body of the line tower or substation through the lower end of the insulating base, forming a discharge channel in parallel with the current sensing unit.

3. The equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The current sensing unit includes multiple current monitoring channels; The current monitoring channel includes: The first current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the leakage current of the surge arrester body, and its measured amplitude range includes [0μA, 1mA); The second current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the follow current of the surge arrester body, and its measured amplitude range includes [1mA-50A]. The third current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the first impulse current passing through the arrester body under the action of internal and external overvoltages. The amplitude range of the first impulse current includes [50A-1kA]. The fourth current monitoring channel is used to monitor and collect the second impulse current passing through the arrester body under the action of internal and external overvoltages. The amplitude range of the second impulse current includes [1kA-100kA].

4. The equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, Both the first current monitoring channel and the second current monitoring channel include a magnetoresistive sensor; the magnetoresistive sensor uses a first frequency for sampling and the waveform recording duration is a first duration. Both the third and fourth current monitoring channels include Rogowski coils; the Rogowski coils are sampled using a second frequency, and the waveform recording duration is a second duration. Among them, the first frequency < the second frequency; the first duration > the second duration.

5. The equipment according to claim 3, characterized in that, The magnetoresistive sensor installed in the first current monitoring channel includes: A magnetic ring is used to enhance the weak magnetic field and improve the sensitivity of the magnetoresistive sensor in the first current monitoring channel to monitor weak currents.

6. The equipment according to claim 2, characterized in that, The conditioning of the signal processing unit includes: The waveform of the full-condition current is amplified and filtered to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

7. The equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that, The communication and control unit includes: Interconnected BeiDou standard clock subunit, BeiDou positioning subunit, control subunit and communication subunit; The control subunit is connected to the second self-sensing monitoring module and is used to analyze and process the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester. The BeiDou standard clock subunit is used to record the operation time and number of operations of the surge arrester when it is activated. The Beidou positioning subunit is used to locate the position information of the surge arrester; The communication subunit is also connected to the first self-sensing monitoring module and is used for: The waveform of the full-condition current, the operation and location information of the surge arrester, and the temperature and humidity information are encrypted and transmitted to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

8. A state-sensing type lightning protection method, characterized in that, The following steps are implemented based on the self-sensing monitoring module: The communication and control unit of the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment determines the action information and position information of the lightning arrester by collecting the waveform of the current of the arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage action based on the second self-sensing monitoring module. The communication and control unit transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester action information and location information to the power grid's internal network, so as to realize surge arrester action event authentication, operation status analysis and health status assessment. The full-condition current includes: impulse current, leakage current and follow current; the internal and external overvoltages include lightning overvoltage and switching overvoltage. The state-sensing lightning protection equipment is the state-sensing lightning protection equipment as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Determining the action information and location information of the surge arrester includes: The control subunit of the communication and control unit analyzes and processes the waveform of the current under all operating conditions to determine the operation of the surge arrester; The Beidou standard clock subunit of the communication and control unit collects the action information of the surge arrester based on the action of the surge arrester. The action information includes the surge arrester action time and the number of actions. The Beidou positioning subunit of the communication and control unit locates the position information of the surge arrester.

10. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, The communication and control unit transmits the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester operation information, and the location information to the power grid's internal network, including: The communication subunit of the communication and control unit encrypts the operation information and location information of the surge arrester, as well as the waveform, temperature and humidity information of the conditioned full-condition current, and transmits them to the internal network of the power grid connected to the power grid through the power grid security access gateway.

11. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, A health status assessment of the surge arrester is performed, including: Extract the current data from the waveform of the full-condition current during the stage when the surge arrester trips and interrupts the follow current. The resistive current component is extracted from the current data during the freewheeling interruption phase using Fourier transform. The health risk level of the surge arrester is determined based on the amplitude and waveform characteristics of the resistive current component.

12. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Authentication of surge arrester operation events includes: The waveform, current amplitude, polarity, surge arrester operating time, surge arrester operating frequency and location information, temperature and humidity information of the full-condition current are spatiotemporally matched and verified with the lightning information detected by the lightning location system and the lightning strike information recorded by the transmission line fault diagnosis system in order to confirm the authenticity and effectiveness of the surge arrester operation and evaluate the operating characteristics of the surge arrester.

13. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that, Before determining the action information and location information of the surge arrester, the method further includes: The communication and control unit amplifies and filters the waveform of the full-condition current according to the signal processing unit of the second self-sensing monitoring module to obtain the corresponding digital signal.

14. A state-sensing type lightning protection system, characterized in that, include: The determination module is used to determine the action information and position information of the surge arrester by collecting the waveform of the current of the surge arrester body under normal operation and internal and external overvoltage action through the communication and control unit of the state-sensing type lightning protection equipment according to the second self-sensing monitoring module. The transmission module is used to transmit the temperature and humidity information collected by the first self-sensing monitoring module, the waveform of the full-condition current, the surge arrester action information and location information to the internal network of the power grid through the communication and control unit, so as to realize the authentication of the surge arrester action event, the judgment of the operation status and the assessment of the health status.

15. An electronic device, characterized in that, include: At least one processor and memory; The memory and processor are connected via a bus; The memory is used to store one or more programs; When the one or more programs are executed by the at least one processor, the state-aware lightning protection method as described in any one of claims 8 to 13 is implemented.

16. A readable storage medium, characterized in that, It contains an execution program, which, when executed, implements the state-sensing lightning protection method as described in any one of claims 8 to 13.

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