Aluminum-based composite, brake disc, vehicle braking system and vehicle

Abstract

The application provides an aluminum-based composite, a brake disc, a vehicle braking system and a vehicle, the aluminum-based composite comprising an aluminum-based base body; a friction layer arranged on at least one side of the aluminum-based base body; the friction layer comprising a first friction unit and a second friction unit, the hardness of the first friction unit being less than the hardness of the second friction unit. The application combines the second friction unit with higher hardness and the first friction unit on the surface of the aluminum-based base body to form a friction layer with high wear resistance, thereby improving the wear resistance of the aluminum-based composite. When the aluminum-based composite provided by the application is used as a brake disc, it is beneficial to release thermal stress and relieve the problem of hard friction plate falling caused by thermal mismatch. In addition, the aluminum-based composite has a lighter weight, which can effectively reduce the overall weight of the vehicle, reduce fuel consumption and improve fuel economy.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of wear-resistant materials technology, and in particular to an aluminum-based composite, a brake disc, a vehicle braking system, and a vehicle. Background Technology

[0002] Aluminum-ceramic brake discs are a new type of brake disc material that combines the advantages of aluminum and ceramic. Compared to traditional cast iron brake discs, aluminum-ceramic brake discs are lighter, helping to reduce the overall weight of the vehicle and improve fuel economy and acceleration performance. This material has excellent thermal conductivity, effectively dissipating heat generated during braking, preventing brake fade, and improving the stability of the braking system. Aluminum-ceramic brake discs have high hardness, effectively resisting wear and extending the life of the brake disc. Ultimately, this significantly improves the performance of the automotive braking system.

[0003] Currently, the basic structure of aluminum-ceramic brake discs on the market typically includes a friction layer and an aluminum substrate. However, the friction coefficient of the aluminum-ceramic brake disc is lower than that of traditional cast iron discs when used at both room temperature and high temperatures. An excessively low friction coefficient can affect braking performance, significantly increase braking distance, and in severe cases, pose safety hazards. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention provides an aluminum-based composite, a brake disc, a vehicle braking system, and a vehicle to solve the problem that the low coefficient of friction of aluminum-ceramic brake discs in the prior art affects braking performance.

[0005] The specific details of the invention are as follows: In a first aspect, the present invention provides an aluminum-based composite, the aluminum-based composite comprising: Aluminum matrix; A friction layer is disposed on at least one side of the aluminum substrate; The friction layer includes a first friction unit and a second friction unit, wherein the hardness of the second friction unit is greater than that of the first friction unit.

[0006] Optionally, the hardness difference between the first friction unit and the second friction unit is 30-500 HB.

[0007] Optionally, the hardness of the first friction unit is 70-200 HB; and / or The hardness of the second friction unit is 180-1000 HB.

[0008] Optionally, the area ratio of the first friction unit to the second friction unit is 1:20-6:4.

[0009] Optionally, the second friction unit includes a plurality of spaced second sub-friction units.

[0010] Optionally, the first friction unit includes a plurality of first sub-friction units spaced apart, and a plurality of second sub-friction units and a plurality of first sub-friction units arranged alternately.

[0011] Optionally, the area ratio of a single first sub-friction unit to a single second sub-friction unit is 1:20 to 6:4.

[0012] Optionally, the orthographic projection of the first friction unit on the aluminum substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the second sub-friction unit on the aluminum substrate.

[0013] Optionally, the spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is equal.

[0014] Optionally, the spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is 1-100 mm.

[0015] Optionally, the aluminum matrix comprises aluminum; or, the aluminum matrix comprises a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum; wherein, The ceramic reinforcing phase comprises one or more combinations of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten carbide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, and silicon nitride; and / or The volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 0-50%.

[0016] Optionally, the first friction unit comprises a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum; wherein the ceramic reinforcement comprises one or more combinations of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten carbide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, and silicon nitride; and / or The volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 50-80%.

[0017] Optionally, the material of the second friction unit includes any one of hard ceramic, hard alloy, metal matrix composite and cast iron.

[0018] Optionally, the hard ceramic comprises any one or more of silicon carbide, alumina, and tungsten carbide; and / or The cast iron includes HT250 gray cast iron and / or HT350 gray cast iron; and / or The cemented carbide comprises a nickel-copper alloy and / or a nickel-tungsten alloy; and / or The metal-based composite material includes iron-silicon carbide composite material.

[0019] Optionally, the thickness of the aluminum substrate is 20-50 mm; and / or The thickness of the friction layer is 2-15 mm.

[0020] Optionally, the friction layer is disposed on opposite sides of the aluminum substrate.

[0021] In a second aspect, the present invention provides a brake disc comprising the aluminum-based composite described in the first aspect.

[0022] Thirdly, the present invention provides a vehicle braking system including the brake disc described in the second aspect above.

[0023] Fourthly, the present invention provides a vehicle including the vehicle braking system described in the third aspect above.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages: This invention provides an aluminum-based composite, comprising: an aluminum substrate; and a friction layer disposed on at least one side of the aluminum substrate. The friction layer includes a first friction unit and a second friction unit, wherein the hardness of the first friction unit is less than the hardness of the second friction unit. This invention improves the friction resistance of the aluminum-based composite by combining a second friction unit with higher hardness with a first friction unit on the surface of the aluminum substrate to form a friction layer with high wear resistance. Attached Figure Description

[0025] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0026] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the aluminum-based composite provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 2 A flowchart illustrating the preparation method of the aluminum-based composite brake disc provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the aluminum-based composite brake disc provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown; Figure 4 A schematic diagram of another aluminum-based composite brake disc provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. Detailed Implementation

[0027] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. The following description of at least one exemplary embodiment is merely illustrative and is in no way intended to limit the present invention or its application or use. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, any product that is the same as or similar to the present invention, derived by any person under the guidance of the present invention or by combining the features of the present invention with other prior art, falls within the protection scope of the present invention. Furthermore, all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without inventive effort are within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0028] Techniques, methods, and devices known to those skilled in the art may not be discussed in detail, but where appropriate, such techniques, methods, and devices should be considered part of this specification.

[0029] In the description of this invention, it should be understood that the use of terms such as "first" and "second" to define components is merely for the purpose of distinguishing the corresponding components. Unless otherwise stated, the above terms have no special meaning and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of protection of this invention.

[0030] Furthermore, the technical features involved in the different embodiments of the present invention described below can be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.

[0031] The existing aluminum-ceramic brake discs primarily use aluminum alloys or low-volume-fraction ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composites for the structural layer (aluminum matrix), while the friction layer is a high-volume-fraction ceramic particle-reinforced aluminum-based composite. To meet the wear resistance requirements of the friction layer, the ceramic particle content generally needs to reach 70% or higher. However, due to the still relatively high aluminum content and the low melting point of aluminum, the room temperature and high temperature friction coefficients of the aluminum-ceramic disc friction layer are currently lower than those of traditional cast iron discs. Continuing to increase the ceramic particle content to improve the wear resistance of the friction layer may lead to increased material brittleness, thereby reducing impact resistance and overall mechanical properties, ultimately affecting braking safety.

[0032] Therefore, the primary objective of this invention is to provide an aluminum-based composite with high wear resistance, thereby increasing the wear resistance of the friction layer without reducing the mechanical properties of the aluminum-based composite material. Specific embodiments are as follows: Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of the aluminum-based composite provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown, as follows: Figure 1As shown, an aluminum-based composite material with a high coefficient of friction and wear resistance includes an aluminum substrate 1 and a friction layer 2. The friction layer 2 is disposed on at least one side of the aluminum substrate 1; that is, the friction layer 2 can be disposed on one plane of the aluminum substrate 1 or on two opposite planes of the aluminum substrate 1. The friction layer 2, as the side in contact with external force, includes a first friction unit and a second friction unit, wherein the hardness of the second friction unit is greater than that of the first friction unit. By combining the second friction unit and the first friction unit to jointly constitute the friction layer 2, the overall wear resistance of the friction layer 2 is increased. A hardness difference of 30-500 HB between the first and second friction units is more suitable, preferably 30-200 HB.

[0033] Specifically, the first friction unit selected in this embodiment of the invention comprises a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum, with aluminum distributed as a continuous phase in the first friction unit; that is, the first friction unit is composed of an aluminum-based composite material reinforced with ceramic particles. The hardness of the first friction unit is controlled by controlling the proportion of the ceramic reinforcing phase in the aluminum-based composite material reinforced with ceramic particles. As an example, the ceramic reinforcement selected in this embodiment of the invention may include one or more combinations of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten carbide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, and silicon nitride, with a volume fraction of 50-80%, thereby controlling the hardness of the first friction unit to be between 70-200 HB. The second friction unit is selected with a hardness of 180-1000 HB, preferably 200-800 HB, and includes any material including hard ceramics, hard alloys, metal matrix composites, and cast iron.

[0034] In specific implementation, the aluminum matrix 1 in the aluminum matrix composite also includes aluminum, or includes a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum, with aluminum distributed as a continuous phase in the aluminum matrix; that is, the composition of the aluminum matrix 1 is also an aluminum matrix composite material with or without ceramic particle reinforcement. The difference from the first friction unit is that in the aluminum matrix composite material with ceramic particle reinforcement that constitutes the aluminum matrix 1, the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 0-50%, which is less than the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase in the first friction unit; preferably, the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 10-50%, more preferably 20-40%; and by selecting an appropriate preparation process, such as cold pressing sintering, the aluminum matrix 1 and the first friction unit are based on the continuous distribution of aluminum, without a connecting interface; this effectively improves the integration of the aluminum matrix composite; and the lower volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix 1 material (0-50%) (%), which allows the aluminum substrate 1 to maintain the good thermal conductivity of aluminum, which is conducive to the rapid transfer of heat generated by the friction layer to the outside of the aluminum composite through the aluminum substrate 1, reducing the concentration of heat in the friction layer 2 and reducing thermal decay.

[0035] In specific implementation, the area ratio of the first friction unit and the second friction unit in the friction layer 2 is controlled at 1:20-6:4 to ensure the stability of the second friction unit in the aluminum matrix composite and the overall wear resistance of the friction layer 2.

[0036] See also Figure 1 Given that the friction layer 2 will experience wear during long-term use, and that the first and second friction units differ in material and hardness, uneven wear between the first and second friction units will occur, affecting the service life. Therefore, in this embodiment of the invention, the second friction unit is configured to include multiple second sub-friction units 2-2, and the first friction unit is configured to include multiple spaced-apart first sub-friction units 2-1, with the second sub-friction units and the multiple first sub-friction units arranged alternately. Thus, a friction layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum substrate 1, consisting of spaced-apart first sub-friction units 2-1 and second sub-friction units 2-2.

[0037] This can be viewed as a friction layer 2 formed by multiple first sub-friction units 2-1 and multiple second sub-friction units 2-2, disposed on the upper and lower planes of the aluminum substrate 1, or on any flat surface. The multiple second sub-friction units 2-2 have the same shape, and the spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units 2-2 is equal. As a preferred example, the spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is controlled between 1-100 mm, preferably 5-20 mm. The area ratio of a single first sub-friction unit 2-1 to a single second sub-friction unit 2-2 is also 1:20-6:4, thereby ensuring the uniformity of wear and tear on the friction layer under stress. As an example, the shape of the second friction unit includes a fan shape, a square shape, or a circle.

[0038] In some embodiments, the second friction unit may include multiple second sub-friction units, with the orthographic projection of the first friction unit on the aluminum substrate surrounding the orthographic projection of the second sub-friction units on the aluminum substrate. That is, the first friction unit is an integral structure, and multiple second sub-friction units are uniformly embedded in the first friction unit. The spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is maintained at 1-100 mm, preferably 5-20 mm.

[0039] In some embodiments, the materials constituting the second friction unit include hard ceramics selected from any one or more of silicon carbide, alumina, and tungsten carbide; cast iron selected from HT250 gray cast iron and / or HT350 gray cast iron; hard alloys including nickel-copper alloys and / or nickel-tungsten alloys; and metal matrix composites selected from iron-silicon carbide composites.

[0040] In some embodiments, the thickness of the aluminum substrate 1 is controlled at 20-50 mm; the thickness of the friction layer is 2-15 mm.

[0041] The second objective of this invention is to address the problem that when using high-volume-fraction silicon carbide, the friction layer of an aluminum ceramic disc has a low coefficient of friction at both room temperature and high temperature, while when using hard friction layers such as pure ceramic or cast iron, thermal mismatch with the aluminum matrix can easily lead to the friction layer falling off. The invention provides a brake disc comprising the aforementioned aluminum-based composite material. Since the friction layer of the aluminum-based composite material combines the performance advantages of reinforced aluminum-based composite materials and hard ceramics or cast iron, its wear resistance is effectively improved.

[0042] In specific implementation, the present invention uses the aluminum-based composite material described in the first aspect as the brake disc. Figure 3 A schematic diagram of the structure of the aluminum-based composite brake disc provided in an embodiment of the present invention is shown. See also: Figure 3 In this design, the aluminum matrix 1 serves as the structural layer of the brake disc, and the friction layer of the brake disc is composed of a first friction unit and a second friction unit. The aluminum matrix 1 comprises a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum; that is, the aluminum matrix 1 is a ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material. Aluminum is continuously distributed in the aluminum matrix 1, and the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 0-50%, preferably 10-50%, and more preferably 20-40%. The first friction unit is also a ceramic-reinforced aluminum-based composite material, with aluminum continuously distributed in the first friction unit, and the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 50-80%. %; Since both the aluminum matrix 1 and the first friction unit are composed of aluminum-based composite materials reinforced with ceramic particles, by selecting appropriate preparation processes, such as cold pressing and sintering, the aluminum matrix 1 and the first friction unit are based on a continuous distribution of aluminum without a connecting interface. This effectively improves the integration of the aluminum-based composite. The aluminum matrix 1 and the first friction unit have good material compatibility, which can avoid the stress caused by the large difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion between the two, resulting in better heat conduction performance of the brake disc, faster heat dissipation, reduced heat fade, guaranteed continuous braking performance, and improved stability and reliability of the brake disc. Furthermore, the hardness of the first friction unit is controlled to be 70-200 HB by adjusting the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix composite material reinforced with ceramic particles to 50-80%. The second friction unit is made of a material with greater hardness (180-1000 HB, compared to the first friction unit), including any material such as hard ceramics, hard alloys, metal matrix composites and cast iron. It is more appropriate to keep the hardness difference between the first friction unit and the second friction unit between 30-500 HB.

[0043] In some embodiments, the second friction unit selected in the present invention meets the following performance requirements: the hardness HBW of the second friction unit is ≥180; the yield strength of the second friction unit is ≥160 MPa; and the dry friction coefficient of the second friction unit relative to the braking material is 0.3-0.5.

[0044] Compared to brake discs whose friction layer consists of a single first friction unit (an aluminum-based composite material reinforced with ceramic particles), although the higher volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase (50-80%) imparts stronger high-temperature resistance, the lower coefficient of friction negatively impacts braking performance and significantly increases braking distance. This invention combines the first friction unit with a second friction unit possessing a high coefficient of friction (hardness) to form a new friction layer. The second friction unit exhibits high high-temperature resistance and thermal stability, effectively resisting the heat generated by high-temperature friction, preventing brake disc performance degradation or deformation due to high temperatures, and extending the brake disc's service life.

[0045] Furthermore, the particle size of the aluminum matrix 1 and the ceramic reinforcing phase in the first friction unit are different. Since the main function of the aluminum matrix 1 is to provide strength and stiffness, and to withstand heat transfer and mechanical stress from the friction layer 2, the smaller particle size of the ceramic reinforcing phase is required to give the aluminum matrix 1 higher density and strength, improving its thermal shock resistance and fatigue resistance. In the aluminum matrix 1, the particle size of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 5-50 μm. On the other hand, the main function of the first friction unit is to provide frictional performance, generating sufficient frictional force for braking. The larger particle size of the ceramic reinforcing phase is beneficial to improving the wear resistance and thermal fading resistance of the first friction unit, while also maintaining a certain roughness and increasing the coefficient of friction. In the first friction unit, the particle size of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 50-300 μm.

[0046] Furthermore, in the brake disc provided by the present invention, the second friction unit includes a plurality of second sub-friction units 2-2, the first friction unit includes a plurality of first sub-friction units 2-1 spaced apart, and the second sub-friction units 2-2 are disposed between two adjacent first sub-friction units 2-1. Thus, a friction layer is formed on the surface of the aluminum substrate 1 by the spaced distribution of the first sub-friction units 2-1 and the second sub-friction units 2-2. The plurality of second sub-friction units 2-2 have the same shape, the spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units 2-2 is equal, and the area ratio of a single first sub-friction unit 2-1 to a single second sub-friction unit 2-2 is 1:9-7:3. This ratio is the same as the area ratio of the first friction unit to the second friction unit, thereby ensuring the uniformity of wear of the friction layer under stress. As an example, the shape of the second friction unit includes a fan shape, a square shape, or a circle. The second sub-friction unit 2-2 is spaced apart from the first sub-friction unit 2-1, which helps to release thermal stress and alleviate the problem of the second sub-friction unit 2-2 falling off due to thermal mismatch during continuous braking, thereby improving the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the entire brake disc. The aluminum-based composite brake disc provided by this invention, tested according to the aluminum-ceramic disc group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022, shows an average friction coefficient ≥0.39 at 500℃; and an average friction coefficient ≥0.39 for the aluminum-based composite brake disc at 25℃.

[0047] In some embodiments, the second friction unit may include multiple second sub-friction units, with the orthographic projection of the first friction unit on the aluminum substrate surrounding the orthographic projection of the second sub-friction units on the aluminum substrate. That is, the first friction unit is an integral structure, and multiple second sub-friction units are uniformly embedded in the first friction unit. The spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is maintained at 2-100 mm, preferably 5-20 mm.

[0048] The aluminum-based composite brake disc provided by this invention forms a new brake disc friction layer by combining a first friction unit and a second friction unit. The spaced first and second friction units improve the friction coefficient of the friction layer, while the spaced second friction units help release thermal stress and alleviate the problem of second friction unit detachment caused by thermal mismatch. Compared with traditional iron-based brake discs, aluminum-based composite materials are lighter, which can effectively reduce the overall weight of the vehicle, reduce fuel consumption, and improve fuel economy. Furthermore, by adjusting the volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase in the aluminum matrix and the first friction unit, as well as the composition of the second friction unit, the friction coefficient and thermal stability of the brake disc can be adjusted to meet the needs of customized vehicles and usage scenarios.

[0049] Figure 2 The fabrication process of the aluminum-based composite brake disc is shown, such as... Figure 2 As shown, the preparation method includes: S1. Prepare the first raw material powder and the second raw material powder that make up the aluminum matrix and the first friction unit respectively according to the proportion, and perform mechanical processing on the hard ceramic or iron to form the second friction unit that meets the size requirements. S2. According to the structure of the aluminum-based composite brake disc, the first raw material powder and the second raw material powder are laid in the mold, and a pressure of 10-50 MPa is applied and held for 1-5 minutes to press into a green block and take it out. S3. Place the green block at 800-1000℃ and sinter for 3-5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton is obtained. S4. Perform mechanical processing on the surface of the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton to form multiple holes for embedding the second sub-friction unit, and embed the second sub-friction unit into the multiple holes; S5. Transfer the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton with the second sub-friction unit embedded into the aluminum alloy melt, apply a pressure of 5-10 MPa, keep it warm and pressurized for 10-60 minutes, and then take it out to obtain the aluminum-based composite brake disc.

[0050] In specific implementation, the first raw material powder used to prepare the aluminum matrix is ​​composed of a ceramic reinforcing phase with a particle size of 5-50 μm, an organic binder, a high-temperature inorganic binder, and a pore-forming agent in a volume ratio of 20-70 / 2-10 / 5-20 / 10-40; the second raw material powder is composed of a ceramic reinforcing phase with a particle size of 50-300 μm, an organic binder, a high-temperature inorganic binder, and a pore-forming agent in a volume ratio of 50-90 / 2-10 / 5-20 / 5-35; wherein, the organic binder includes one or more combinations of polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl butyral, and carboxymethyl cellulose; the inorganic binder includes one or more combinations of aluminum dihydrogen phosphate, sodium silicate, calcium aluminate, and tetraethyl orthosilicate; the pore-forming agent includes one or more combinations of ammonium bicarbonate, soluble starch, sucrose, polymethyl methacrylate, and toner.

[0051] In specific implementation, according to the outer diameter, inner diameter, and total thickness of the aluminum-based composite brake disc to be prepared, and based on the positional relationship between the friction layer and the aluminum substrate, the corresponding raw material powders are sequentially laid in a mold, pressed into a green block, and then removed. Further, the green block is sintered to form an aluminum-ceramic disc skeleton. Then, according to the dimensions of the second sub-friction unit, multiple holes for embedding the second sub-friction unit are mechanically machined on the surface corresponding to the friction layer of the aluminum-ceramic disc skeleton. It should be noted that the holes for embedding the second sub-friction unit are uniformly distributed on the surface of the aluminum-ceramic disc skeleton, with the spacing between the holes controlled at 1-100 mm, preferably 5-20 mm. The shape of the holes matches the shape of the second friction unit. Finally, the aluminum-ceramic disc skeleton with multiple second sub-friction units embedded is placed in a graphite mold, preheated, and then impregnated with molten aluminum alloy. Under pressure, the molten aluminum alloy permeates into the aluminum-ceramic disc skeleton, ultimately forming an aluminum-based composite brake disc in which the aluminum element exists in a continuously distributed aluminum alloy form. The bonding strength between the second friction unit and the first friction unit is greatly improved by the infiltration of molten aluminum alloy.

[0052] In some embodiments, based on the different depths of the holes used to embed the second sub-friction unit during preparation, the second sub-friction unit has a different height relationship with the first sub-friction unit after being placed in the hole. When the aluminum alloy melt is subsequently infiltrated into the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton (step S5), the insufficient part in the friction layer is supplemented by aluminum alloy, so that the final friction layer is a flat structure.

[0053] In some embodiments, based on the preparation process, only the first raw material powder constituting the aluminum matrix is ​​used to prepare the green block (steps S1-S2 and without the machining process of step S4), that is, the resulting friction layer may not contain the first friction unit (aluminum alloy material with ceramic reinforcement phase), that is, the brake disc is composed of an aluminum matrix, multiple second friction units and aluminum alloy material in the gaps between the second friction units, and the bonding effect of the second friction units is further improved under the wrapping of aluminum alloy material.

[0054] A third objective of the present invention is to provide a vehicle braking system comprising the brake disc described in the second aspect above.

[0055] A fourth objective of the present invention is to provide a vehicle comprising the vehicle braking system described in the third aspect above.

[0056] To enable those skilled in the art to better understand the present invention, the following embodiments will be used to provide a detailed description of an aluminum-based composite, brake disc, vehicle braking system, and vehicle according to the present invention.

[0057] Example 1 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that constitutes the first friction unit) is mixed at a weight ratio of 100 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0058] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0059] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton. The upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton were machined to grind out 8 fan-shaped holes with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 10 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.7 of the disc surface area.

[0060] A fan-shaped HT250 cast iron sheet of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 200 HB hardness was placed into the hole and then placed in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 degrees Celsius and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa for 30 minutes at 750 degrees Celsius. This resulted in an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, had a hardness of 170 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0061] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0062] Example 2 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20 μm alumina / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that constitutes the first friction unit) is mixed at a weight ratio of 100 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0063] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0064] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic plate skeleton. Eight fan-shaped holes with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 20 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm were machined and polished on the upper and lower surfaces of the skeleton. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.9 of the plate surface area.

[0065] Sector-shaped alumina particles of uniform size, 5mm thickness, and 600 HB hardness were placed into the slots of a framework and then placed together in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600℃ and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa. The mixture was then held at 750℃ for 30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, have a hardness of 170 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0066] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0067] Example 3 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer, wherein the first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20-micron silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20.

[0068] The first raw material powder was laid in a ring mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. It was pressed into a green block at room temperature using a pressure of 30 MPa for 5 minutes and then removed. The final total thickness of the aluminum matrix was 30 mm.

[0069] The green blocks were sintered in air at 900 °C for 4 h and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton.

[0070] Eight HT350 cast iron sheets, each with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a central angle of 30 degrees, a thickness of 5 mm, and a hardness of 310 HB, were placed on a frame. The total area of ​​the cast iron sheets occupied 0.7 times the area of ​​the plate. The plate was positioned using a graphite mold, preheated to 600 °C, and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa for 30 minutes at a holding temperature of 750 °C. The hardness of the aluminum alloy was 70 HB.

[0071] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0072] Example 4 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed in a weight ratio of 20-micron silicon carbide / alumina fiber / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 40 / 20 / 5 / 15 / 20. The second raw material powder (the raw material that makes up the first friction unit) is mixed in a weight ratio of 100-micron silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0073] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0074] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 hours and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton. Eight square friction pad holes with a side length of 150 mm, a spacing of 50 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm were machined and ground on the upper and lower surfaces of the skeleton. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.5 of the disc surface area.

[0075] HT250 cast iron sheets of uniform size, 5mm thickness, and 200 HB hardness were placed into the holes and then placed together in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 degrees Celsius and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa. The mixture was then held at 750 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, have a hardness of 160 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0076] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0077] Example 5 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is 6061 aluminum alloy powder, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that makes up the first friction unit) is prepared in a weight ratio of 100-micron silicon carbide / PVB / sodium silicate / polymethyl methacrylate = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0078] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0079] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic plate skeleton. Sixteen fan-shaped holes with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 2 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm were machined and polished on the upper and lower surfaces of the skeleton. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.8 of the plate surface area.

[0080] A fan-shaped HT250 cast iron sheet of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 200 HB hardness was placed into the fan-shaped hole and then placed in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 degrees Celsius and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa. The mixture was then held at 750 degrees Celsius for 30 minutes to obtain an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, have a hardness of 170 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0081] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0082] Example 6 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed in a weight ratio of 20 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / polymethyl methacrylate = 30 / 5 / 15 / 50, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that constitutes the first friction unit) is mixed in a weight ratio of 100 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / pore-forming agent = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0083] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0084] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton. Sixteen fan-shaped holes with an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 10 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm were machined and polished on the upper and lower surfaces of the skeleton. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.8 of the machined surface area.

[0085] A fan-shaped HT350 cast iron sheet of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 220 HB hardness was placed into the hole and then placed in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 ℃ and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa. The mixture was then held at 750 ℃ ​​for 30 min to obtain an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, have a hardness of 180 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 4 As shown.

[0086] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0087] Example 7 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that constitutes the first friction unit) is mixed at a weight ratio of 100 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0088] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0089] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton. The upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton were machined to grind out 8 fan-shaped holes with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 10 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.7 of the disc surface area.

[0090] A fan-shaped HT200 cast iron sheet of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 180 HB hardness was placed into the hole and then placed in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 degrees Celsius and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa for 30 minutes at 750 degrees Celsius. This resulted in an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, had a hardness of 170 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0091] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0092] Example 8 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that constitutes the first friction unit) is mixed at a weight ratio of 100 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0093] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0094] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton. The upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton were machined to grind out 8 fan-shaped holes with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 10 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.7 of the disc surface area.

[0095] Alumina sheets of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 1200 HB hardness were placed into the holes and then placed in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 degrees Celsius and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa for 30 minutes at 750 degrees Celsius. This resulted in an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, had a hardness of 170 HB. The resulting structure is shown below. Figure 1 As shown.

[0096] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0097] Example 9 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that constitutes the first friction unit) is mixed at a weight ratio of 100 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / starch = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0098] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in layers in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm. The green structure block is then removed.

[0099] The green block was sintered in air at 900 ℃ for 4 h and cooled to room temperature to obtain an aluminum ceramic disc skeleton. The upper and lower surfaces of the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton were machined to grind out 8 fan-shaped holes with an outer diameter of 350 mm, an inner diameter of 150 mm, a spacing of 10 mm, and a height of 2.5 mm. The total area of ​​the holes accounted for 0.3 of the disc surface area.

[0100] A fan-shaped HT250 cast iron sheet of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 200 HB hardness was placed into the hole and then placed in a graphite mold. The mold was preheated to 600 degrees Celsius and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at a pressure of 8 MPa for 30 minutes at 750 degrees Celsius. This resulted in an aluminum-based composite material with an aluminum matrix in the middle and friction layers on both sides. The friction layers, composed of the second raw material powder, had a hardness of 170 HB. The resulting structure is as follows: Figure 1 As shown.

[0101] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0102] Comparative Example 1 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer. The first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum-based matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20-micron silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / pore-forming agent = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20, and the second raw material powder (the raw material that makes up the friction layer) is mixed at a weight ratio of 100-micron silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / pore-forming agent = 80 / 5 / 10 / 5.

[0103] Following the laying sequence, the second raw material powder, the first raw material powder, and the second raw material powder are sequentially laid in a ring mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and the pressure is maintained for 5 minutes to form a three-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 40 mm, a first raw material powder thickness of 30 mm in the middle, and a second raw material powder thickness of 5 mm on both sides. The green structure block is then removed.

[0104] The green block was sintered in air at 900 degrees Celsius for 4 hours and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the aluminum ceramic plate skeleton.

[0105] The skeleton is placed in a graphite mold, preheated to 600 degrees Celsius, and then immersed in molten aluminum alloy at an immersion pressure of 8 MPa for 30 minutes.

[0106] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0107] Comparative Example 2 The raw material powders used to prepare aluminum-based composite brake discs are mixed in a three-dimensional motion mixer, wherein the first raw material powder (used to prepare the aluminum matrix) is mixed at a weight ratio of 20 μm silicon carbide / PVB / aluminum dihydrogen phosphate / pore-forming agent = 60 / 5 / 15 / 20.

[0108] The first raw material powder is laid in an annular mold with an outer diameter of 350 mm and an inner diameter of 150 mm. At room temperature, a pressure of 30 MPa is applied and held for 5 minutes to form a single-layer green structure block with a total thickness of 30 mm, which is then removed.

[0109] The green blocks were sintered in air at 900 °C for 4 hours and then cooled to room temperature to obtain the aluminum ceramic disc skeleton.

[0110] Place HT250 ring-shaped cast iron sheets of uniform size, 2.5 mm thickness, and 200 HB hardness on the upper and lower layers of the skeleton, and put them into the graphite mold. Preheat to 600 ℃, immerse in molten aluminum alloy, immersion pressure 8 MPa, and holding time 30 min.

[0111] The coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum ceramic discs were tested in accordance with the group standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022.

[0112] Table 1. Coefficient of friction and wear rate of aluminum-based composite brake discs

[0113] Table 1 shows the friction coefficient and wear rate of the aluminum ceramic discs tested according to the national standard T / CAAMTB 90-2022. As shown in Table 1, the brake discs prepared in Examples 1-9 were tested for friction coefficient and wear rate on the MFT-5000 friction and wear testing machine, meeting the requirements of GB / T3442017 for the friction coefficient and wear rate of automotive brake discs. Comparative Example 1, because its friction layer is entirely composed of aluminum-based material reinforced with high volume fraction silicon carbide, exhibits a lower friction coefficient at both room temperature and high temperature, and higher wear. In Comparative Example 2, because the friction pad is integrally bonded to the aluminum substrate, the friction pad detached during the friction test, severely affecting the brake disc performance.

[0114] In the description of this specification, the references to terms such as "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "example," "specific example," or "some examples," etc., indicate that a specific feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with that embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the illustrative expressions of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the specific features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments or examples. In addition, those skilled in the art can combine and integrate the different embodiments or examples described in this specification.

[0115] For the sake of simplicity, the method embodiments are described as a series of actions. However, those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited to the described order of actions, as some steps can be performed in other orders or simultaneously according to the present invention. Furthermore, those skilled in the art should also understand that the embodiments described in the specification are preferred embodiments, and the actions and components involved are not necessarily essential to the present invention.

[0116] The foregoing has provided a detailed description of an aluminum-based composite, brake disc, vehicle braking system, and vehicle provided by the present invention. Specific examples have been used to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The descriptions of the above embodiments are only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the ideas of the present invention. Therefore, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention.

Claims

1. An aluminum-based composite, characterized in that, The aluminum-based composite comprises: Aluminum matrix; A friction layer is disposed on at least one side of the aluminum substrate; The friction layer includes a first friction unit and a second friction unit, wherein the hardness of the second friction unit is greater than that of the first friction unit.

2. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardness difference between the first friction unit and the second friction unit is 30-500 HB.

3. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The hardness of the first friction unit is 70-200 HB; and / or The hardness of the second friction unit is 180-1000 HB.

4. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The area ratio of the first friction unit to the second friction unit is 1:20-6:

4.

5. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The second friction unit includes a plurality of spaced second sub-friction units.

6. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first friction unit includes a plurality of first sub-friction units spaced apart, and a plurality of second sub-friction units and a plurality of first sub-friction units arranged alternately.

7. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 6, characterized in that, The area ratio of a single first sub-friction unit to a single second sub-friction unit is 1:20-6:

4.

8. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 5, characterized in that, The orthographic projection of the first friction unit on the aluminum substrate surrounds the orthographic projection of the second sub-friction unit on the aluminum substrate.

9. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is equal.

10. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 5, characterized in that, The spacing between any two adjacent second sub-friction units is 1-100 mm.

11. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The aluminum matrix comprises aluminum; or, the aluminum matrix comprises a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum; wherein... The ceramic reinforcing phase comprises one or more combinations of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten carbide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, and silicon nitride; and / or The volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 0-50%.

12. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first friction unit comprises a ceramic reinforcing phase and aluminum; wherein the ceramic reinforcement comprises one or more combinations of silicon carbide, alumina, tungsten carbide, zirconium oxide, titanium nitride, and silicon nitride; and / or The volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcing phase is 50-80%.

13. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The material of the second friction unit includes any one of hard ceramic, hard alloy, metal matrix composite and cast iron.

14. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 13, characterized in that, The hard ceramic comprises any one or more of silicon carbide, alumina, and tungsten carbide; and / or The cast iron includes HT250 gray cast iron and / or HT350 gray cast iron; and / or The cemented carbide comprises a nickel-copper alloy and / or a nickel-tungsten alloy; and / or The metal-based composite material includes iron-silicon carbide composite material.

15. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The thickness of the aluminum substrate is 20-50 mm; and / or The thickness of the friction layer is 2-15 mm.

16. The aluminum-based composite according to claim 1, characterized in that, The friction layer is disposed on opposite sides of the aluminum substrate.

17. A brake disc, characterized in that, Includes the aluminum-based composite described in any one of claims 1-16 above.

18. A vehicle braking system, characterized in that, Includes the brake disc described in claim 17.

19. A vehicle, characterized in that, Includes the vehicle braking system of claim 18.

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