Large capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles

Abstract

The application discloses an engineering vehicle large-capacity rich-liquid lead-acid storage battery, which comprises a machine box, a heat dissipation cavity is arranged in the machine box and extends along the direction of the machine box, and a plurality of groups of placing cavities are arranged in the machine box and located on both sides of the heat dissipation cavity and extending along the direction of the machine box. The application discards the traditional 'cover opening' type water supplement mode which needs to unscrew the liquid hole plug, the maintenance personnel do not need to open the internal space of the battery, only need to operate the external driving element, and the water supplement can be completed through the closed pipeline. In the whole water supplement process, the internal electrolyte of the battery and the external environment are always isolated through the closed pipeline, the acid mist can only escape through the gas filtering cavity, the battery connecting element, the machine box and the surrounding equipment are effectively protected from corrosion, and the working environment is improved. When the water is supplemented, the lower through hole one is completely opened, the internal gas can be quickly discharged without obstruction during the water supplement, and the internal pressure is prevented from being abnormally increased due to 'air resistance'.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of lead-acid battery technology, and more particularly to large-capacity flooded lead-acid batteries for engineering vehicles. Background Technology

[0002] Lead-acid batteries with high electrolyte content are widely used in engineering vehicles. During the charging and discharging process, water electrolysis and evaporation inevitably occur, causing the electrolyte level to drop continuously. In order to prevent the plates from being exposed and causing irreversible sulfation, water must be added regularly to maintain the electrolyte level. Existing flooded batteries are replenished by unscrewing the pore plug, but this method has obvious drawbacks in practical applications. After the pore plug is completely removed, the battery interior is directly connected to the atmosphere, which not only causes the disorderly release of acid mist-containing mixed gas, polluting the working environment, but also corrodes the vehicle body and surrounding electrical equipment. Summary of the Invention

[0003] To address the shortcomings of existing technologies, this invention provides the following technical solution: High-capacity flooded lead-acid batteries for engineering vehicles include: include: A chassis, wherein a heat dissipation cavity is provided inside the chassis and along its extension direction, and multiple sets of placement cavities are provided inside the chassis and on both sides of the heat dissipation cavity and along the extension direction of the chassis. The battery cell is installed inside the placement cavity; The exhaust assembly includes a pressure relief pipe connected to the top of the battery cell. An extension pipe is integrally formed on the top of the pressure relief pipe. A rotating pipe is rotatably arranged inside the pressure relief pipe. The rotating pipe divides the cavity inside the pressure relief pipe into a gas filtration chamber and a water inlet chamber from the inside out. A cover is integrally formed on the surface of the rotating pipe, at its top and bottom. A driving component is installed on the top of the rotating pipe. A flow channel communicating with the outside is opened in the driving component. Multiple sets of water inlets and multiple sets of through holes are sequentially opened at the bottom of the pressure relief pipe, at the positions of the water inlet chamber and the gas filtration chamber. A water inlet pipe is connected to the top of the pressure relief pipe, in the water inlet chamber. The cover, rotating tube, and movable block are configured to have a first state and a second state. In the first state, the rotating tube at least partially covers the first through hole, and the cover covers the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole. In the second state, the driving member moves upward to drive the rotating tube to rotate until the first through hole is fully opened, and the cover simultaneously opens the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole to allow the battery cells to be replenished with water.

[0004] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the exhaust assembly further includes multiple sets of baffles alternately distributed on the inner walls of both sides of the rotating pipe and a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane installed on the inner wall of the rotating pipe and located between the baffles and the driving component.

[0005] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the driving component includes a movable block installed between the rotating tube and the extension tube, multiple sets of fixed rods integrally formed and disposed on the circumferential surface of the movable block, a movable rod fixedly disposed on the top of the movable block, and a spring wound around the surface of the movable rod. The top of the movable rod passes through the extension tube and extends to the outside of the extension tube. An arc-shaped groove adapted to the fixed rod is opened on the inner wall of the rotating tube. The flow channel is opened in the movable block.

[0006] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the cover includes a rotating disk, on which are respectively opened a connecting hole adapted to a water inlet pipe and a water inlet hole.

[0007] As an improvement to the above technical solution, a diversion plate is provided inside the water outlet, and multiple diversion channels are formed on the diversion plate, with the diversion channels having a fan-shaped structure.

[0008] As an improvement to the above technical solution, a main pipe 1 and a main pipe 2 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom in the heat dissipation cavity. The main pipe 1 and the main pipe 2 are connected to the placement cavity 1 through multiple sets of branch pipes. Multiple sets of heat dissipation pipes are connected between the main pipe 1 and the main pipe 2. Heat dissipation fins are fixedly sleeved on the surface of the heat dissipation pipes. A water pump is installed on the branch pipe connected to the main pipe 2.

[0009] As an improvement to the above technical solution, multiple sets of spacers are fixedly sleeved on the surface of the battery cell and located inside the placement cavity. The spacers are provided with notches, and two adjacent notches are staggered to form a meandering liquid flow channel between the battery cell and the inner wall of the placement cavity.

[0010] As an improvement to the above technical solution, the two ends of the heat dissipation cavity are arranged through the chassis to form a through air duct, which facilitates air convection under the action of vehicle movement.

[0011] The beneficial effects of this invention are: It abandons the traditional "open-cap" water replenishment mode that requires unscrewing the liquid hole plug. Maintenance personnel do not need to open the internal space of the battery. They only need to operate the external drive component to complete the water replenishment through the closed pipeline. Throughout the water replenishment process, the electrolyte inside the battery is always isolated from the external environment through the closed pipeline. Acid mist can only escape through the gas filter chamber, which effectively protects the battery connectors, chassis and peripheral equipment from corrosion and also improves the working environment. When water is added, the bottom through hole is fully opened, ensuring that the internal gas can be discharged quickly and without obstruction, thus avoiding abnormal increase in internal pressure caused by "gas resistance". Attached Figure Description

[0012] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the first state structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the second state structure of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the flow divider of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the spacer of the present invention; Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the heat dissipation cavity of the present invention.

[0013] Reference numerals: 10, chassis; 11, placement cavity; 12, heat dissipation cavity; 20, battery cell; 21, spacer; 211, notch; 22, pressure relief pipe; 221, through hole one; 222, water inlet hole; 223, extension pipe; 224, distribution plate; 2241, distribution groove; 23, rotating pipe; 231, stop block; 232, polytetrafluoroethylene membrane; 233, connecting hole; 24, movable block; 241, flow channel; 242, fixed rod; 25, spring; 26, movable rod; 30, main pipe one; 31, main pipe two; 32, heat dissipation pipe; 33, heat sink; 34, branch pipe. Detailed Implementation

[0014] To make the objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of this invention clearer, the invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative and not intended to limit the invention.

[0015] A high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles includes: a chassis 10, a heat dissipation cavity 12 is provided inside the chassis 10 and along its extension direction, and a plurality of placement cavities 11 are provided inside the chassis 10 and on both sides of the heat dissipation cavity 12 and along the extension direction of the chassis 10. Battery cell 20 is installed inside the placement cavity 11; The exhaust assembly includes a pressure relief pipe 22 connected to the top of the battery cell 20. An extension pipe 223 is integrally formed on the top of the pressure relief pipe 22. A rotating pipe 23 is rotatably arranged inside the pressure relief pipe 22. The rotating pipe 23 divides the cavity inside the pressure relief pipe 22 into a gas filtration cavity and a water inlet cavity from the inside to the outside. A cover is integrally formed on the surface of the rotating pipe 23, at its top and bottom. A driving component is installed on the top of the rotating pipe 23. A flow channel 241 communicating with the outside is opened in the driving component. Multiple sets of water inlet holes 222 and multiple sets of through holes 221 are sequentially opened at the bottom of the pressure relief pipe 22, at the positions of the water inlet cavity and the gas filtration cavity. A water inlet pipe is connected to the top of the pressure relief pipe 22, in the water inlet cavity. The cover, rotating tube 23, and movable block 24 are in a first state and a second state. In the first state, the rotating tube 23 at least partially covers the through hole 221, and the cover covers the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole 222. In the second state, the driving member moves upward to drive the rotating tube 23 to rotate until the through hole 221 is fully opened, and the cover simultaneously opens the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole 222 to supply water to the battery cell 20.

[0016] First state (normal exhaust): The gas generated inside the battery enters the gas filtration chamber of the rotating tube 23 through the through hole 221 at the bottom of the pressure relief pipe 22. After being purified by the gas filtration chamber, the gas is safely discharged to the atmosphere through the flow channel 241. The rotating tube 23 partially covers the through hole 221 to reduce the amount of gas discharged. At the same time, the cover completely covers the water inlet hole 222 and the top water inlet pipe to achieve water circuit sealing and prevent gas from overflowing from the water circuit. Second phase (hydration): During long-term use, the water in the electrolyte of a rich lead-acid battery will gradually be lost due to electrolysis and evaporation, requiring regular water replenishment. The water inlet pipe is connected to the water tank. When water needs to be replenished, the valve on the water inlet pipe is opened, and the external force is used to operate the drive component 24 to move it upward. The drive component drives the rotating pipe 23 to rotate, switching the exhaust assembly to the second state. After the rotating pipe 23 rotates, the through hole 221 is fully opened. At the same time, the cover on the rotating pipe 23 rotates synchronously, opening the water inlet hole 222 and the top water inlet pipe, so that the water path is connected. External water flows into the water inlet chamber in the pressure relief pipe (22) through the top water inlet pipe, and then enters the battery cell (20) through the water inlet hole 222 at the bottom of the water inlet chamber to replenish the water lost by the electrolyte. At the same time, during the water replenishment process, the gas that may be generated inside the battery can pass through the fully opened through hole 221. Smooth drainage will not hinder water replenishment or cause internal pressure buildup, facilitating the discharge of gas inside the battery cell 20. After water replenishment is completed, the drive unit resets, the rotating tube 23 rotates back to the first state, and the water circuit is closed again.

[0017] In one embodiment, the exhaust assembly further includes multiple sets of baffles 231 alternately distributed on the inner walls of both sides of the rotating tube, and a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane installed on the inner wall of the rotating tube and located between the baffles 231 and the driving component. As the multiple sets of baffles 231 are alternately and staggered on the inner wall of the rotating tube 23, the airflow cannot pass through in a straight line and is forced to change its flow direction multiple times, forming a serpentine path. During this process, the airflow carrying droplets or acid mist particles is difficult to turn synchronously with the airflow at the turning point due to inertia, thus impacting the surface of the baffles 231 or the tube wall. After the impact, the droplets are deposited on the baffles 231 or the tube wall due to adhesion and gravity, and gradually converge into larger droplets. Under the action of gravity, they flow back into the battery cell 20 to achieve primary gas-liquid separation. The gas after the initial separation continues to flow to the polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, which has a microporous structure. The pore size allows gas molecules to pass through freely, but can effectively block residual acid mist, water vapor and electrolyte particles, preventing them from escaping to the external environment.

[0018] In one embodiment, the driving component includes a movable block 24 installed between the rotating tube 23 and the extension tube 223, multiple sets of fixed rods 242 integrally formed and disposed on the circumferential surface of the movable block 24, a movable rod 26 fixedly disposed on the top of the movable block 24, and a spring 25 wound around the surface of the movable rod 26. The top of the movable rod 26 penetrates through the extension tube 223 and extends to the outside of the extension tube 223. The inner wall of the rotating tube 23 is provided with an arc-shaped groove adapted to the fixed rod 242. The flow channel 241 is opened in the movable block 24. The cover includes a rotating disk, and the rotating disk is provided with connecting holes 233 adapted to the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole 222. In the first state, without external operation, the spring 25 wrapped around the movable rod 26 presses the movable block 24 to the lower limit position. At this time, the fixed rod 242 integrally formed around the movable block 24 is located at the starting end of the arc groove provided on the inner wall of the rotating tube 23, so that the rotating tube 23 and the rotating disk fixedly connected to it are kept in the initial position; the connecting hole 233 on the top rotating disk is misaligned with the top water inlet pipe, and the connecting hole 233 on the bottom rotating disk is misaligned with the water inlet hole 222. The solid part of the rotating disk completely covers the outlet of the water inlet pipe and the inlet of the water inlet hole 222, realizing the closure of the water path; at the same time, the rotating tube 23 partially blocks the through hole 221 at the bottom of the pressure relief pipe 22, forming a throttling effect and limiting the instantaneous gas discharge. The gas (containing trace amounts of acid mist) generated by the battery cell 20 during charging and discharging enters the gas filtration chamber through the through hole 221, and the purified gas is discharged to the outside atmosphere through the flow channel 241 opened inside the movable block 24. When the battery needs water replenishment due to electrolyte moisture loss, an external force pulls the movable rod 26 upward to overcome the spring force of the spring 25, causing the movable block 24 to rise axially. The fixed rod 242 then slides in the arc-shaped groove on the inner wall of the rotating tube 23. The axial movement of the fixed rod 242 is converted into the circumferential rotation of the rotating tube 23. The rotating tube 23 drives the rotating disk to rotate synchronously to a preset angle, so that: the connecting hole 233 on the top rotating disk aligns with the water inlet pipe, and the connecting hole 233 on the bottom rotating disk aligns with the water inlet hole 222, forming a continuous water path: external water source valve open → water inlet pipe → connecting hole (233) → water inlet chamber → Water inlet (222) → inside battery cell 20; at the same time, through hole 221 is fully opened, maximizing the cross-sectional area of ​​the exhaust channel, which facilitates the rapid discharge of gas generated by liquid level disturbance during water replenishment, avoiding abnormal increase in internal pressure. In extreme cases such as internal failure of battery cell 20, the internal chemical reaction is violent, a large amount of mixed gas is generated in a short time, and the internal pressure rises rapidly and reaches the high-risk warning pressure. This high pressure forms a strong thrust on the movable block 24, and through hole 221 is fully opened, allowing the gas to be discharged at high speed and in large flow, quickly reducing the internal pressure.

[0019] In one embodiment, a diversion plate 224 is provided inside the water outlet, and multiple diversion channels 2241 are formed on the diversion plate 224. The diversion channels 2241 have a fan-shaped structure. When the water flow reaches the water inlet 222, it first impacts the diversion plate 224. The fan-shaped diversion channels 2241 divide the concentrated water flow into multiple fan-shaped jets, which diffuse evenly and slowly to the electrolyte surface at different angles, reducing bubble entrainment and liquid surface disturbance, and reducing the amount of instantaneous gas generated.

[0020] In one embodiment, a controller is also included. Each group of battery cells 20 is equipped with a level sensor for detecting the electrolyte level. A solenoid valve is installed on the water inlet pipe corresponding to each battery cell 20. The solenoid valve and the level sensor are electrically connected to the controller. When it is necessary to replenish water to one or all of the battery cells 20, the external force first drives the venting assembly to switch to the second state. Then, the controller opens the corresponding water replenishment passage according to the operation of the solenoid valve. During the water replenishment process, the level sensor in each battery cell 20 monitors its own electrolyte level in real time and independently feeds back the level signal to the controller. When the controller determines that the level of the corresponding battery cell 20 has reached the preset standard maximum level based on the signal from any level sensor, it immediately closes the corresponding solenoid valve, thereby stopping the water supply to that battery cell 20. The controller is installed on the outer wall of the casing 10.

[0021] In one embodiment, a main pipe 30 and a second main pipe 31 are arranged sequentially from top to bottom within the heat dissipation cavity 12. The main pipe 30 and the second main pipe 31 are connected to the placement cavity 11 one-to-one via multiple sets of branch pipes 34. Multiple sets of heat dissipation pipes 32 are connected between the main pipe 30 and the second main pipe 31. Heat dissipation fins 33 are fixedly sleeved on the surface of each heat dissipation pipe 32. A water pump is installed on the branch pipe 34 connected to the second main pipe 31. After the water pump is started, it drives the coolant to flow from the second main pipe 31 through the branch pipes 34 into the vicinity of each placement cavity 11, thereby cooling the cavity. During the charging and discharging process, the heat generated by the liquid-absorbent battery cell 20 causes its temperature to rise. The high-temperature coolant, after absorbing heat, flows into the upper main pipe 30 through the other branch pipe 34, and then flows into the heat dissipation pipe 32. Since the surface of the heat dissipation pipe 32 is fixed with heat dissipation fins 33 made of high thermal conductivity metal, under the action of natural wind during the operation of the engineering vehicle, the heat is efficiently dissipated into the environment through conduction and convection. The low-temperature liquid cooled by the heat dissipation pipe 32 flows back into the main pipe 31 and enters the branch pipe 34 again under the drive of the water pump, completing the cycle and continuously removing the battery heat.

[0022] In one embodiment, multiple sets of spacers 21 are fixedly sleeved on the surface of the battery cell 20 within the placement cavity 11. Each spacer 21 has a notch 211, and two adjacent notches 211 are staggered to form a meandering liquid flow channel between the battery cell 20 and the inner wall of the placement cavity 11. When the water pump is started and the coolant enters the placement cavity 11 area through the branch pipe 34, guided by this meandering channel, the coolant is forced to flow around the outer surface of the battery cell 20, significantly extending the flow path and increasing the contact area and heat exchange time with the battery casing. This effectively avoids the "short-circuit flow" or "local dead zone" problems commonly found in traditional direct-flow cooling, achieving circumferential temperature uniformity, suppressing local overheating, and improving overall heat dissipation efficiency and electrochemical reaction consistency.

[0023] In one embodiment, the two ends of the heat dissipation cavity 12 are arranged through the chassis to form a through air duct, which facilitates air convection under the action of vehicle movement. When the engineering vehicle is moving, the external air naturally flows into the front end of the heat dissipation cavity 12 during the vehicle's forward movement and flows out from the rear end, forming a continuous through-flow air convection. The air duct is equipped with a liquid-cooled heat exchange array consisting of a main pipe 30, a second main pipe 31, multiple sets of vertical heat dissipation pipes 32, and dense heat dissipation fins 33. The high-speed external airflow directly washes the surface of the heat dissipation fins 33, significantly enhancing the convective heat exchange efficiency and quickly dissipating the battery heat absorbed by the coolant during circulation to the external environment.

[0024] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and are not intended to limit it.

Claims

1. A high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles, characterized in that, include: A chassis (10) is provided with a heat dissipation cavity (12) inside the chassis (10) and along its extension direction. Multiple sets of placement cavities (11) are provided inside the chassis (10) and on both sides of the heat dissipation cavity (12) along the extension direction of the chassis (10). A battery cell (20) is installed in the placement cavity (11); The exhaust assembly includes a pressure relief pipe (22) connected to the top of the battery cell (20). An extension pipe (223) is integrally formed on the top of the pressure relief pipe (22). A rotating pipe (23) is rotatably arranged inside the pressure relief pipe (22). The rotating pipe (23) divides the cavity inside the pressure relief pipe (22) into a gas filter cavity and a water inlet cavity from the inside to the outside. A cover is integrally formed on the surface of the rotating pipe (23) at its top and bottom. A drive component is installed on the top of the rotating pipe (23). A flow channel (241) communicating with the outside is opened in the drive component. Multiple sets of water inlet holes (222) and multiple sets of through holes (221) are sequentially opened at the bottom of the pressure relief pipe (22) at the positions of the water inlet cavity and the gas filter cavity. A water inlet pipe is connected to the top of the pressure relief pipe (22) in the water inlet cavity. The cover, rotating tube (23), and movable block (24) cooperate to have a first state and a second state. In the first state, the rotating tube (23) at least partially covers the through hole (221), and the cover covers the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole (222). In the second state, the driving member moves upward to drive the rotating tube (23) to rotate until the through hole (221) is fully opened, and the cover simultaneously opens the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole (222) to replenish water to the battery cell (20).

2. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The exhaust assembly also includes multiple sets of baffles (231) alternately distributed on the inner walls of both sides of the rotating pipe, and a polytetrafluoroethylene membrane (232) installed on the inner wall of the rotating pipe and located between the baffles (231) and the drive component.

3. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The driving component includes a movable block (24) installed between the rotating tube (23) and the extension tube (223), multiple sets of fixed rods (242) integrally formed on the circumferential surface of the movable block (24), a movable rod (26) fixedly installed on the top of the movable block (24), and a spring (25) wound around the surface of the movable rod (26). The top of the movable rod (26) passes through the extension tube (223) and extends to the outside of the extension tube (223). The inner wall of the rotating tube (23) is provided with an arc-shaped groove that matches the fixed rod (242). The flow channel (241) is opened in the movable block (24).

4. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cover includes a rotating disk, on which a connecting hole (233) is respectively opened to match the water inlet pipe and the water inlet hole (222).

5. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 4, characterized in that: A diversion plate (224) is provided inside the water outlet, and multiple diversion channels (2241) are opened on the diversion plate (224), and the diversion channels (2241) are fan-shaped.

6. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a controller, and each of the battery cells (20) is equipped with a level sensor for detecting the electrolyte level. A solenoid valve is installed on the water inlet pipe corresponding to the battery cell (20). The solenoid valve and the level sensor are both electrically connected to the controller.

7. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 1, characterized in that: The heat dissipation cavity (12) is arranged from top to bottom with a main pipe 1 (30) and a main pipe 2 (31). The main pipe 1 (30) and the main pipe 2 (31) are connected to the placement cavity (11) one by one through multiple sets of branch pipes (34). Multiple sets of heat dissipation pipes (32) are arranged between the main pipe 1 (30) and the main pipe 2 (31). Heat dissipation fins (33) are fixedly sleeved on the surface of the heat dissipation pipes (32). A water pump is installed on the branch pipe (34) connected to the main pipe 2 (31).

8. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 7, characterized in that: Multiple sets of spacers (21) are fixedly sleeved on the surface of the battery cell (20) and inside the placement cavity (11). The spacers (21) have notches (211) and two adjacent notches (211) are staggered to form a meandering liquid flow channel between the battery cell (20) and the inner wall of the placement cavity (11).

9. The high-capacity flooded lead-acid battery for engineering vehicles according to claim 8, characterized in that: The heat dissipation cavity (12) is set through the chassis at both ends to form a through air duct, which facilitates air convection under the action of vehicle movement.

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