Aerobic composting equipment and degradation method for biodegradable materials

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of material degradation, in particular to a kind of biodegradable material aerobic composting equipment and degradation method.The composting equipment includes reaction bottle, stirring mechanism and auxiliary control mechanism;The stirring mechanism includes main shaft and the rotation driver for driving the rotation of main shaft, the main shaft is provided with stirring rod, the stirring rod is equipped with telescopic cutting knife;The auxiliary control mechanism is used to control cutting knife extension, in working condition, when rotation driver drives main shaft to rotate at speed exceeding threshold value, the auxiliary control mechanism controls cutting knife to extend to cut material.The present application realizes the function that biodegradable material composting process speed linkage cutting knife telescopic and self-adapting switch crushing and stirring, solves the technical problem that traditional composting equipment is not matched due to speed and function and affects crushing or stirring effect.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to the field of material degradation technology, specifically to an aerobic composting device and degradation method for biodegradable materials. Background Technology

[0002] The degradation performance testing of biodegradable materials and their large-scale composting processes require composting equipment to possess multiple functions, including material crushing, turning and mixing, aerobic aeration, and exhaust gas monitoring. Among these, material crushing requires high-speed rotation to drive the cutters for efficient cutting, while turning and mixing requires low-speed, gentle turning to avoid damaging the microbial hyphae. The conflicting speed requirements between these two aspects represent a key engineering problem that limits the composting efficiency of biodegradable materials.

[0003] To this end, Chinese Patent No. CN120647443B discloses a device for the efficient degradation and conversion of tree leaves and branches into organic fertilizer. This device uses a crushing component to effectively crush larger tree branches and leaves, allowing for faster degradation and thus improving efficiency. Furthermore, during the middle stage of degradation, the device uses a reciprocating motor and a multi-stage electric telescopic rod to rotate the crushing rod and blades 90 degrees. The multi-stage electric telescopic rod then moves the crushing component downwards, which is driven by a servo motor to rotate, thereby turning over the tree branches and leaves inside the degradation frame and further improving degradation efficiency and effectiveness.

[0004] Although the above-mentioned solution achieves the flipping and downward movement of the crushing components through reciprocating motors and multi-stage electric telescopic rods, its crushing and turning functions rely on independent mechanisms and require switching working modes through posture adjustment. It still has the following shortcomings: When the material re-clumps and hardens during the middle stage of degradation, turning and stirring alone cannot break up the compacted clumps. Restarting the crushing components requires adjusting the equipment posture, lacking an intelligent speed linkage control mechanism. The speed of the equipment drive motor is fixed or needs to be manually adjusted. The crushing operation requires high speed to drive the blades for efficient cutting, while stirring and turning require low speed and gentle turning to avoid damaging the microbial mycelium and fermentation environment. However, the device cannot automatically switch between crushing and stirring functions according to the speed change. When running at high speed, it can only crush and cannot take into account uniform stirring. When turning at low speed, there is no crushing function to support it, which easily leads to uneven material dispersion, local clumping, anaerobic fermentation, and incomplete degradation. At the same time, the method of manually adjusting the speed and component posture is difficult to adapt to the efficiency requirements of continuous composting operations. Summary of the Invention

[0005] To address the aforementioned issues, an aerobic composting device and degradation method for biodegradable materials are provided. The device solves the technical problem of traditional composting equipment's crushing or mixing effect being affected by the mismatch between rotation speed and function through a reaction flask, a stirring mechanism, and an auxiliary control mechanism.

[0006] To address the problems of existing technologies, this invention provides an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials, comprising a reaction flask, a stirring mechanism, and an auxiliary control mechanism. The stirring mechanism includes a main shaft and a rotary actuator for driving the main shaft to rotate. A stirring rod is mounted on the main shaft, and a retractable cutting blade is mounted on the stirring rod. The auxiliary control mechanism controls the extension and retraction of the cutting blade. In operation, when the rotary actuator drives the main shaft to rotate at a speed exceeding a threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism controls the cutting blade to extend to cut the material. When the rotary actuator drives the main shaft to rotate at a speed below the threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism controls the cutting blade to retract, and the stirring rod agitates the material.

[0007] Preferably, the auxiliary control mechanism includes a mounting plate and a pushing assembly; the mounting plate is slidably mounted on the stirring rod, and the cutting blade is connected to the mounting plate; the mounting plate is provided with a first elastic element, and the two ends of the first elastic element are respectively connected to the mounting plate and the stirring rod; the pushing assembly is used to overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element to drive the cutting blade on the mounting plate to extend.

[0008] Preferably, the pushing assembly includes an inclined bracket and a push rod; the inclined bracket is connected to the mounting plate, and the push rod is movably mounted on the stirring rod; the auxiliary control mechanism further includes a control component, which controls the movement of the push rod, and when the push rod moves toward the inclined bracket, it squeezes the inclined surface of the inclined bracket to push the inclined bracket and the mounting plate out.

[0009] Preferably, the control component includes a slider and a second elastic element; the slider is slidably mounted inside the stirring rod, and the push rod is connected to the slider; the second elastic element is used to prevent the slider from moving towards the inclined support. In the working state, when the rotary driver drives the main shaft to rotate at a speed exceeding a threshold, the slider and the push rod move towards the inclined support under the action of centrifugal force.

[0010] Preferably, the control component further includes a damping rod, the two ends of which are connected to the stirring rod and the slider, respectively, and a second elastic element is sleeved on the damping rod.

[0011] Preferably, the reaction flask is provided with a partition, and the partition has vent holes for gas flow; the partition separates the reaction chamber and the gas inlet chamber from top to bottom in the inner cavity of the reaction flask, and the reaction chamber is used to hold the material to be degraded.

[0012] Preferably, the reaction flask is provided with an outlet pipe for exhausting gas and an inlet pipe for inleting gas, and both the outlet pipe and the inlet pipe are provided with electronic flow meters for detecting and regulating gas flow.

[0013] Preferably, the electronic flow meter on the outlet pipe has a built-in multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system for detecting carbon dioxide concentration.

[0014] Preferably, the gas outlet pipe is equipped with a condenser for separating water vapor from the gas, and the condenser is located between the reaction flask and the electronic flow meter.

[0015] A method for aerobic composting degradation of biodegradable materials is also provided, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the material to be degraded into a reaction flask and seal it; S2. Aerobic gas is introduced into the lower air inlet chamber of the reaction bottle through the air inlet pipe. The gas diffuses evenly into the reaction chamber through the micropores of the partition. S3. Start the rotary drive. The rotary drive drives the main shaft to rotate at a crushing speed exceeding the set value to crush the material to be degraded. S4. After crushing, the rotary drive reduces the spindle speed to a turning speed below the set value and continues to turn the material. S5. The exhaust gas discharged from the outlet pipe is dehumidified by the condenser and then enters the electronic flow meter. The carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas is detected by the built-in multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system.

[0016] The advantages of this invention compared to the prior art are: 1. This invention achieves adaptive switching between crushing and stirring functions during the composting process of biodegradable materials by linking the rotation speed of the cutting blade with the extension and retraction of the blade. This results in uniform material dispersion, efficient crushing of agglomerated materials, and more thorough composting fermentation, solving the technical problem of traditional composting equipment where the crushing or stirring effect is affected by the mismatch between rotation speed and function. When the rotary drive drives the main shaft to rotate above the threshold speed, the auxiliary control mechanism controls the cutting blade on the stirring rod to extend. The high-speed rotating cutting blade cuts and crushes the agglomerated biodegradable materials, while the stirring rod simultaneously agitates the materials. When the rotary drive drives the main shaft to rotate below the threshold speed, the auxiliary control mechanism controls the cutting blade to retract. At this time, the stirring rod simply agitates and disperses the materials at a low speed, keeping the materials in a loose state to ensure aerobic fermentation. The working mode is automatically switched according to the rotation speed throughout the process.

[0017] 2. This invention achieves the function of controlling the extension, retraction, and resetting of the cutting blade. The elastic force of the first elastic element achieves the effect of automatic retraction of the cutting blade after extension. A cover plate for shielding the cutting blade is rotatably mounted on the stirring rod, and the cover plate is connected to the stirring rod via a torsion spring. When the cutting blade is in the retracted state, the cover plate, under the elastic force of the torsion spring, closes the stirring rod, preventing material from entering the stirring rod, and low-speed stirring is performed through the cover plate and the stirring rod. When the cutting blade is in the extended state, the cutting blade pushes the cover plate open, and the cover plate, under the elastic force of the torsion spring, fits against the upper cutting surface of the cutting blade.

[0018] 3. This invention achieves the function of automatically controlling the extension and retraction of the cutting blade through centrifugal force, realizing the effect of controlling the extension and retraction of the cutting blade by means of the spindle speed. When the rotary driver drives the spindle speed to exceed the threshold, the centrifugal force on the slider and push rod increases, overcoming the obstructing force of the second elastic element, and moves towards the inclined support. During the movement of the push rod, it squeezes the inclined surface of the inclined support, and with the help of the inclined surface thrust, it drives the mounting plate and the cutting blade to extend over the elastic force of the first elastic element.

[0019] 4. This invention separates the reaction chamber and the air inlet chamber inside the reaction bottle by means of a partition, so that the external aerobic gas diffuses evenly upward into the reaction chamber through the micropores on the partition, thereby achieving uniform oxygen distribution in the reaction bottle, stabilizing the aerobic fermentation environment and improving degradation efficiency. This solves the technical problems of uneven oxygen supply and local hypoxia in traditional composting equipment, which leads to slow fermentation or even spoilage.

[0020] 5. This invention uses electronic flow meters installed on the air outlet and air inlet pipes to monitor and adjust the air inlet and outlet flow rates in real time, achieving precise and controllable gas flow rates for aerobic fermentation.

[0021] 6. This invention uses a condenser on the exhaust pipe to dehumidify and dry the exhaust gas, preventing downstream electronic flow meters and multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection systems from being corroded by water vapor, thus achieving high accuracy in detecting carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas and accurate monitoring of degradation efficiency. Attached Figure Description

[0022] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention.

[0023] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the mixing mechanism and auxiliary control mechanism of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention.

[0024] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the stirring rod and auxiliary control mechanism of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention.

[0025] Figure 4 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the stirring rod of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention when the cutting blade is extended.

[0026] Figure 5 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the stirring rod of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention when the cutting blade retracts.

[0027] Figure 6 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cutting blade and pushing component of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention, when the cutting blade is extended.

[0028] Figure 7 This is a three-dimensional exploded view of the cutting blade and pushing component of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention.

[0029] Figure 8 This is a three-dimensional cross-sectional schematic diagram of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the internal structure of the stirring rod and auxiliary control mechanism of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention when the cutting blade is in the retracted state.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a three-dimensional schematic diagram of the cutting blade and pushing component of an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials according to the present invention, when the cutting blade retracts.

[0032] The following are the labels in the diagram: 1. Reaction flask; 11. Baffle plate; 12. Gas outlet pipe; 121. Condenser; 13. Gas inlet pipe; 14. Electronic flow meter; 2. Stirring mechanism; 21. Main shaft; 211. Stirring rod; 2111. Cutting blade; 2112. Cover plate; 22. Rotary actuator; 3. Auxiliary control mechanism; 31. Mounting plate; 311. First elastic element; 32. Pushing assembly; 321. Inclined support; 322. Push rod; 33. Control assembly; 331. Slider; 332. Second elastic element; 333. Damping rod. Detailed Implementation

[0033] To further understand the features, technical means, and specific objectives and functions achieved by the present invention, the present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0034] Reference Figures 1 to 3 An aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials includes a reaction bottle 1, a stirring mechanism 2, and an auxiliary control mechanism 3. The stirring mechanism 2 includes a main shaft 21 and a rotary actuator 22 for driving the main shaft 21 to rotate. A stirring rod 211 is provided on the main shaft 21, and a retractable cutting blade 2111 is provided on the stirring rod 211. The auxiliary control mechanism 3 is used to control the extension and retraction of the cutting blade 2111. In the working state, when the rotary actuator 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate at a speed exceeding a threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism 3 controls the cutting blade 2111 to extend to cut the material. When the rotary actuator 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate at a speed below the threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism 3 controls the cutting blade 2111 to retract, and the stirring rod 211 agitates the material.

[0035] In this embodiment of the invention, the rotational speed threshold of the main shaft 21 driven by the rotary driver 22 is set according to the following principles: In the low-speed turning mode (uniform dispersion + aerobic fermentation to protect mycelium), the preferred rotational speed is 30~60 r / min, typically 45 r / min. At this time, the cutting blade 2111 remains in a contracted state under the combined action of the elastic force of the first elastic element 311 (typical elastic coefficient 5~20 N / mm) and the elastic force of the second elastic element 332 (typical elastic coefficient 3~10 N / mm), and the cover plate 2112 closes the stirring rod 211 under the torsion spring force; In the crushing mode (efficient crushing of agglomerates), the preferred rotational speed threshold is 90~150 r / min, typically 120 r / min. At a speed of r / min, the slider 331 (including mass m1≈50~200g, installation radius r1≈20~40mm) and the push rod 322 (including mass m2≈20~80g, installation radius r2≈30~50mm) overcome the elastic force of the second elastic element 332 (typically k2=3~10 N / mm, preload 8~15mm) and the damping force of the damping rod 333 under the action of centrifugal force F=mω²r (ω=2π·n / 60, n is the rotational speed r / min), and slide towards the inclined support 321. The push rod 322 presses the inclined surface of the inclined support 321, and with the help of the inclined surface force amplification ratio (typically 1.5~3 times), pushes the mounting plate 31 to overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element 311 (typically k1=5~20mm). The preload (N / mm, preload 5~12mm) extends outward, driving the cutting blade 2111 to extend; the speed boundary for switching between the two modes is determined by the centrifugal force F≥k·x (k is the equivalent spring stiffness, x is the displacement). In this embodiment, the centrifugal force threshold is approximately F_th=2~8 N, corresponding to a speed threshold of approximately 90~150 r / min (directly related to the mass of the cutting blade 2111 m≈50~200g and the installation radius r≈80~150mm).

[0036] This invention achieves the adaptive switching between crushing and stirring functions of the cutting blade 2111 during the composting process of biodegradable materials through a reaction bottle 1, a stirring mechanism 2, and an auxiliary control mechanism 3. This results in uniform material dispersion, efficient crushing of agglomerated materials, and more complete composting fermentation, solving the technical problem of traditional composting equipment where the crushing or stirring effect is affected by the mismatch between the rotation speed and function. By adjusting the automatic stirring cycle of the stirring mechanism 2, the stirring action can further improve the contact efficiency between the sample and the gas, promoting the reaction. The top of the reaction bottle 1 is equipped with a removable sealing cap, and a sealing structure is set between the sealing cap and the bottle mouth to ensure the airtightness of the reaction bottle. An automatic water filling interface is opened on the sealing cap, and the water filling cycle can be adjusted by the control system to replenish water for the biodegradation reaction in the reaction bottle, maintaining the humidity environment required for the reaction, without the need for manual opening of the cap to add water, ensuring the continuity and airtightness of the reaction. During operation, the rotary driver 22 of the stirring mechanism 2 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate, and the main shaft 21 drives the left and right stirring rods 211 to rotate synchronously. When the rotary driver 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate at a speed exceeding the threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism 3 controls the cutting blade 2111 on the stirring rod 211 to extend. The high-speed rotating cutting blade 2111 cuts and breaks up the clumped biodegradable material. At the same time, the stirring rod 211 cooperates to turn the material. When the rotary driver 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate at a speed below the threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism 3 controls the cutting blade 2111 to retract. At this time, the stirring rod 211 simply turns and disperses the material at a low speed, keeping the material in a loose state to ensure aerobic fermentation. The working mode is automatically switched according to the rotation speed throughout the process without manual intervention. It can break up clumps of material to improve the fermentation effect, and gently disperse the material at a low speed to avoid over-crushing, thereby completing the test of the material degradation efficiency.

[0037] Reference Figures 3 to 6 The auxiliary control mechanism 3 includes a mounting plate 31 and a pushing assembly 32; the mounting plate 31 is slidably mounted on the stirring rod 211, and the cutting blade 2111 is connected to the mounting plate 31; the mounting plate 31 is provided with a first elastic element 311, and the two ends of the first elastic element 311 are respectively connected to the mounting plate 31 and the stirring rod 211; the pushing assembly 32 is used to overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element 311 to drive the cutting blade 2111 on the mounting plate 31 to extend.

[0038] This invention achieves the function of controlling the extension, retraction, and resetting of the cutting blade 2111. The elastic force of the first elastic element 311 achieves the effect of automatic retraction of the cutting blade 2111 after extension. A cover plate 2112 for shielding the cutting blade 2111 is rotatably mounted on the stirring rod 211. The cover plate 2112 is connected to the stirring rod 211 via a torsion spring. When the cutting blade 2111 is in the retracted state, the cover plate 2112, under the elastic force of the torsion spring, closes the stirring rod 211, preventing material from entering the stirring rod 211, and low-speed stirring is performed through the cover plate 2112 and the stirring rod 211. When the cutting blade 2111 is in the extended state, the cutting blade 2111 pushes the cover plate 2112 open, and the cover plate 2112, under the elastic force of the torsion spring, fits against the upper cutting surface of the cutting blade 2111. During operation, the rotary driver 22 of the stirring mechanism 2 drives the main shaft 21 and the stirring rod 211 to rotate. The mounting plate 31 of the auxiliary control mechanism 3 is slidably mounted on the stirring rod 211. The cutting blade 2111 is fixedly connected to the mounting plate 31. A first elastic element 311 connects the mounting plate 31 and the stirring rod 211. Under normal conditions, the first elastic element 311 pulls the mounting plate 31 with its own elastic force, causing the cutting blade 2111 to remain in a retracted state, which is suitable for material dispersion when the main shaft 21 rotates at low speed. When the rotation speed of the main shaft 21 exceeds the threshold and it is necessary to cut the material, the pushing component 32 overcomes the elastic force of the first elastic element 311 to drive the mounting plate 31 to slide along the stirring rod 211, thereby causing the cutting blade 2111 to extend smoothly and cut and break up the agglomerated material. When the rotational speed drops below the threshold and the push component 32 stops working, the first elastic element 311 automatically rebounds and resets, pulling the mounting plate 31 and the cutting blade 2111 to retract quickly. The entire process relies on the mechanical structure to achieve the extension and retraction of the cutting blade 2111, which works in conjunction with the rotational speed of the main shaft 21. The structure is simple and reliable, which can ensure the extension stability during high-speed cutting and ensure that the cutting blade 2111 is completely retracted during low-speed mixing, without interfering with normal dispersion operations, thus improving the continuity and stability of composting treatment.

[0039] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The pushing component 32 includes an inclined bracket 321 and a push rod 322; the inclined bracket 321 is connected to the mounting plate 31, and the push rod 322 is movably mounted on the stirring rod 211; the auxiliary control mechanism 3 further includes a control component 33, which is used to control the movement of the push rod 322. When the push rod 322 moves toward the inclined bracket 321, it squeezes the inclined surface of the inclined bracket 321 to push the inclined bracket 321 and the mounting plate 31 to extend.

[0040] This invention achieves the function of driving the cutting blade 2111 to extend by moving the push rod 322, and controls the extension and retraction of the cutting blade 2111 by controlling the sliding of the push rod 322. During operation, the first elastic element 311 connects the mounting plate 31 and the stirring rod 211. Under normal conditions, the cutting blade 2111 is pulled to keep it in a retracted state, pushing the inclined bracket 321 of the push assembly 32 to be fixedly connected to the mounting plate 31. The push rod 322 is movably mounted on the stirring rod 211. The control component 33 of the auxiliary control mechanism 3 adjusts the movement of the push rod 322 in real time. When the speed of the main shaft 21 exceeds the threshold and it is necessary to break up agglomerated materials, the control component 33 drives the push rod 322 to move towards the inclined bracket 321. The push rod 322 continuously squeezes the inclined surface of the inclined bracket 321, using the inclined surface as a guide. The inclined support 321 is pushed smoothly to move, thereby driving the mounting plate 31 to overcome the elasticity of the first elastic element 311 and slide, so that the cutting blade 2111 can extend smoothly to cut the material. When the speed of the main shaft 21 is lower than the threshold, the control component 33 drives the push rod 322 to reset, the inclined support 321 loses the squeezing force, the first elastic element 311 rebounds and pulls the mounting plate 31 and the cutting blade 2111 to retract quickly. The push rod 322 and the inclined surface cooperate to push smoothly, ensuring that the extension and retraction of the cutting blade 2111 is smooth throughout the process. With the help of the stirring rod 211, a dual-mode operation of high-speed cutting and low-speed dispersion can be achieved.

[0041] Reference Figure 6 , Figure 7 , Figure 9 and Figure 10 The control component 33 includes a slider 331 and a second elastic element 332. The slider 331 is slidably mounted inside the stirring rod 211, and the push rod 322 is connected to the slider 331. The second elastic element 332 is used to prevent the slider 331 from moving towards the inclined support 321. In the working state, when the rotary driver 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate at a speed exceeding a threshold, the slider 331 and the push rod 322 move towards the inclined support 321 under the action of centrifugal force.

[0042] This invention achieves the function of automatically controlling the extension and retraction of the cutting blade 2111 through centrifugal force, realizing the effect of controlling the extension and retraction of the cutting blade 2111 by linking the rotation speed of the main shaft 21. Under normal conditions, the second elastic element 332 pulls the slider 331 and the push rod 322, which, together with the first elastic element 311, keeps the cutting blade 2111 in a contracted state. At this time, the stirring rod 211 slowly agitates and disperses the biodegradable material, ensuring the fluffiness of aerobic fermentation. When the rotational driver 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate beyond the threshold speed, the centrifugal force on the slider 331 and the push rod 322 increases, overcoming the resistance force of the second elastic element 332, and moves towards the inclined support 321. During the movement, the push rod 322 squeezes the inclined surface of the inclined support 321, and the inclined surface pushes the installation... Plate 31 and cutting blade 2111 extend against the elastic force of the first elastic element 311. The high-speed rotating cutting blade 2111 cuts and breaks up the agglomerated biodegradable material. When the speed of the main shaft 21 drops below the threshold, the centrifugal force decreases, and the second elastic element 332 rebounds and pulls the slider 331 and push rod 322 back to their original positions. The push rod 322 no longer squeezes the inclined support 321. The first elastic element 311 synchronously drives the mounting plate 31 and cutting blade 2111 to retract and reset, switching back to the dispersed material mode. The entire process is purely mechanical and adaptive, with a simple structure that is suitable for the complex working environment of composting equipment.

[0043] Reference Figure 6 and Figure 7 The control component 33 further includes a damping rod 333, the two ends of which are connected to the stirring rod 211 and the slider 331 respectively, and the second elastic element 332 is sleeved on the damping rod 333.

[0044] This invention improves the smoothness of the slider 331's movement, preventing it from oscillating for extended periods under the elastic force of the second elastic element 332. During operation, the damping rod 333 constrains the movement trajectory of the second elastic element 332 and the slider 331 throughout the entire process, preventing slippage. Under normal conditions, the second elastic element 332, guided by the damping rod 333, hinders the slider 331 from moving closer to the inclined support 321. This, combined with the first elastic element 311, keeps the cutting blade 2111 in a contracted state, while the stirring rod 211 slowly agitates and disperses the material, ensuring a loose environment for aerobic fermentation. When the main shaft 21's rotational speed exceeds a threshold, the slider 331 and push rod 322, under centrifugal force, overcome the obstruction of the second elastic element 332 and smoothly slide along the damping rod 333. When the push rod 322 precisely presses against the inclined surface of the inclined bracket 321, it pushes the mounting plate 31 and the cutting blade 2111 to overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element 311 and extend, breaking up the clumped material at high speed. At the same time, the damping rod 333 buffers the sliding speed of the slider 331 to avoid excessive centrifugal force causing excessive extension and retraction. When the rotation speed is lower than the threshold, the centrifugal force decreases, and the second elastic element 332 rebounds smoothly along the damping rod 333, pulling the slider 331 and the push rod 322 back to their original positions. The first elastic element 311 synchronously drives the cutting blade 2111 to retract. The damping rod 333 effectively ensures stable sliding throughout the process and prevents component twisting and jamming.

[0045] Reference Figure 8 The reaction bottle 1 is provided with a partition 11, and the partition 11 has a gas hole for gas flow; the partition 11 separates the reaction chamber and the gas inlet chamber from top to bottom in the inner cavity of the reaction bottle 1, and the reaction chamber is used to hold the material to be degraded.

[0046] This invention achieves stable gas supply during composting, resulting in uniform oxygen distribution within the reaction vessel 1, a stable aerobic fermentation environment, and higher degradation efficiency. It solves the technical problems of uneven oxygen supply and localized oxygen deficiency leading to slow fermentation or even spoilage during aerobic composting of biodegradable materials. The partition 11 is located in the lower middle part of the reaction vessel 1, and its edge is sealed to the inner wall of the reaction vessel 1, eliminating any gas leakage gaps. The porous partition 11 divides the inner cavity of the reaction vessel 1 into an upper reaction chamber and a lower air inlet chamber. The upper reaction chamber is used to fill the sample to be degraded and carry out the biodegradation reaction, while the lower air inlet chamber is a hollow cavity structure, empty of any material, serving as a buffer and flow equalization space for gas entering the reaction vessel. The surface of the partition 11 is evenly distributed with a large number of micropores. When the gas enters the lower gas inlet chamber from the gas inlet on the lower side wall of the reaction bottle 1, it diffuses upward evenly to the upper reaction chamber through the micropores of the porous partition, so as to achieve uniform distribution of gas in the reaction bottle 1. This effectively avoids the problem of local reaction being too fast or too slow caused by the gas directly hitting the sample, and ensures that the sample and gas in the reaction bottle 1 are in full contact, so that the biodegradation reaction proceeds smoothly. During operation, the partition 11 divides the inner cavity of the reaction bottle 1 into two independent chambers: a reaction chamber and an air inlet chamber. The reaction chamber contains the biodegradable material to be degraded. The main shaft 21, stirring rod 211, and retractable cutting blade 2111 of the stirring mechanism 2 are located inside the reaction chamber, working together to complete the material stirring and cutting operations. External aerobic gas first enters the air inlet chamber, and then diffuses evenly upwards into the reaction chamber through the air holes on the partition 11, continuously replenishing the oxygen required for fermentation of the material to be degraded. The air holes achieve slow and even dispersion of gas, avoiding direct airflow to the material and causing splashing or caking. At the same time, the partition 11 isolates the material from the air inlet chamber, preventing the material from clogging the air holes and affecting the gas supply. Combined with the high-speed cutting and low-speed dispersion operations of the stirring mechanism 2, the material is kept in a fluffy state at all times. With uniform oxygen supply, the aerobic fermentation conditions are further optimized, ensuring the stable and efficient progress of the composting reaction throughout the process, thereby improving the accuracy of the material degradation performance test.

[0047] Reference Figure 1 The reaction flask 1 is provided with an exhaust pipe 12 for venting and an inlet pipe 13 for inleting gas. The exhaust pipe 12 and the inlet pipe 13 are provided with electronic flow meters 14 for detecting and regulating gas flow.

[0048] This invention enables the controlled emission of mixed gases generated during the aerobic composting process and allows for real-time monitoring and regulation of gas flow. During operation, the inner cavity of reaction bottle 1 is separated into a reaction chamber and an air inlet chamber by a partition 11. The partition 11 has vent holes to allow gas flow. The reaction chamber contains the biodegradable material to be degraded. The stirring mechanism 2 works together to stir and cut the material. The air inlet chamber continuously supplies gas to ensure aerobic fermentation. A dedicated exhaust pipe 12 is installed on reaction bottle 1 to discharge the exhaust gas produced during fermentation. An electronic flow meter 14 is installed on the exhaust pipe 12 to monitor the gas flow rate in real time. At the same time, the exhaust speed is flexibly adjusted according to the composting fermentation requirements to maintain the internal air pressure of reaction bottle 1 within a suitable range. This ensures a continuous supply of oxygen required for aerobic fermentation and timely discharge of waste gas, while avoiding excessive heat loss due to excessively rapid exhaust and excessive internal air pressure due to excessively slow exhaust. Combined with the adaptive cutting and dispersing function of the stirring mechanism 2 and the uniform gas supply structure of the partition 11, the internal environment of aerobic composting of biodegradable materials is optimized in all aspects, making the fermentation process more stable and controllable, improving the composting degradation efficiency and maturation effect, and achieving accurate monitoring of gas flow rate, which facilitates the control of composting operation status.

[0049] Reference Figure 1 The electronic flow meter 14 on the outlet pipe has a built-in multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system for detecting carbon dioxide concentration.

[0050] This invention utilizes a multi-channel motion-scanning infrared detection system to intuitively assess degradation efficiency through real-time monitoring of carbon dioxide concentration in compost tail gas. The system is a single-probe, multi-channel detection structure, comprising a shared infrared probe and solenoid valves corresponding to the number of reaction channels. Each solenoid valve is connected in series in the gas delivery pipeline of its corresponding reaction channel. Both the solenoid valves and the infrared probe are electrically connected to the control system. The core of this system is the motion-scanning detection mode: when gas data for a specific reaction channel needs to be detected, the control system opens the solenoid valve corresponding to that channel, while the solenoid valves for the other channels close. The dehumidified mixed gas from that channel is then introduced into the infrared probe, which detects the carbon dioxide concentration for that channel. When switching to the next channel, the control system opens the solenoid valve for that channel and maintains it open for a preset time before the infrared probe begins detection. This preset-time ventilation process completely removes any residual carbon dioxide gas from the previous channel in the gas delivery pipeline, ensuring that the data detected by the infrared probe reflects only the true carbon dioxide concentration of the current channel, thus completely avoiding cross-interference caused by residual gas. In this invention, the preset time is preferably 5 minutes, which allows sufficient time to purge residual gas from the pipeline, balancing detection accuracy and efficiency. Using a single-probe motion scanning detection method significantly reduces equipment manufacturing costs compared to a multi-probe parallel detection structure, while ensuring the authenticity and accuracy of detection data from each channel. During operation, the exhaust pipe 12 on the reaction bottle 1 discharges the exhaust gas produced during fermentation. The electronic flow meter 14 on the exhaust pipe 12 monitors and adjusts the exhaust flow rate in real time. The multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system built into the electronic flow meter 14 simultaneously detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas in real time. Biodegradable materials continuously produce carbon dioxide during aerobic composting. The carbon dioxide concentration data fed back by the multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system can determine the degradation efficiency of the material, monitor the degradation process in real time, and determine whether the final degradation effect meets environmental standards based on the concentration value. Combined with a stable stirring, gas supply, and exhaust structure, the entire degradation operation and degradation monitoring are carried out simultaneously, making the composting degradation process controllable and traceable, effectively ensuring that the biodegradable material meets degradation standards and adapting to the needs of environmentally friendly treatment.

[0051] Reference Figure 1 and Figure 2 The gas outlet pipe 12 is equipped with a condenser 121 for separating water vapor from the gas. The condenser 121 is located between the reaction bottle 1 and the electronic flow meter 14.

[0052] This invention achieves dehumidification and drying of composting exhaust gas, effectively removing water vapor from the exhaust gas and protecting the electronic flow meter 14 and multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system from water vapor corrosion. A reaction gas outlet is provided on the sealing cap, and the gas outlet pipe 12 is connected to the reaction gas outlet. The condenser 121 contains a dehumidification bottle. During operation, the gas produced during fermentation is discharged through the gas outlet pipe 12 on the reaction bottle 1. The resulting mixed gas first enters the condenser 121, where the condensing coil condenses the mixed gas, causing water vapor in the mixed gas to condense into liquid water. An automatic drainage device at the bottom of the condenser 121 automatically discharges the condensed liquid water, eliminating the need for manual cleaning. The dehumidified mixed gas then continues into the dehumidification bottle, which is filled with color-changing silica gel desiccant. The color-changing silica gel adsorbs and removes residual water vapor in the mixed gas, achieving secondary dehumidification. Through this two-stage dehumidification process, water vapor in the mixed gas is completely removed, preventing water vapor from interfering with the carbon dioxide concentration detection after entering the infrared detection system. This pre-treatment stage ensures the accuracy of the detection data. Meanwhile, the dehumidifier bottle features a transparent and visible structure, allowing the color-changing silica gel to visually reflect water saturation through color changes, facilitating timely replacement of the adsorption material. The dried gas then flows to a rear-mounted electronic flow meter 14, which adjusts the exhaust flow in real time. Simultaneously, a built-in multi-channel motion-scanning infrared detection system detects the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas. The carbon dioxide concentration is used to determine the material degradation efficiency and compliance with environmental requirements. The condenser 121 filters moisture in advance to prevent damage to precision monitoring components from humid gases, ensuring accurate and reliable flow and concentration data and maintaining long-term stable operation of the equipment. The reaction flask 1 integrates a control system, which automates the control of the gas flow rate in the decarbonization system, the stirring and water addition cycles of the reaction system, and the opening and closing of the solenoid valves and the detection sequence of the infrared detection system. It also displays the real-time operating status of each system and the carbon dioxide concentration data obtained from infrared detection. The system is easy to operate, highly precise, effectively reduces manual intervention, and improves the automation level of the experiment.

[0053] Reference Figures 1 to 4 A method for aerobic composting degradation of biodegradable materials, comprising the following steps: S1. Place the material to be degraded into reaction flask 1 and seal it; S2. Aerobic gas is introduced into the lower air inlet chamber of reaction bottle 1 through air inlet pipe 13 at a flow rate of 0.05~0.2 L·min⁻¹·kg⁻¹. The gas diffuses evenly into the reaction chamber through the micropores of partition 11. S3. Start the rotary drive 22. The rotary drive 22 drives the main shaft 21 to rotate at a crushing speed of 120~150 r / min (typical value 120 r / min) to crush the material to be degraded. S4. After crushing, the rotary drive 22 reduces the rotation speed of the main shaft 21 to a turning speed of 30~60 r / min (typical value 45 r / min) and continues to turn the material. S5. The exhaust gas discharged from the exhaust pipe 12 is dehumidified by the condenser 121 and then enters the electronic flow meter 14. The carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas is detected by the built-in multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system.

[0054] The degradation efficiency of the material is calculated using the formula DE=(M_CO2_out × 12 / 44) / M_C_initial × 100%, based on the cumulative net carbon dioxide release after deducting the background release from the blank matrix and the initial organic carbon content of the material.

[0055] The above embodiments only illustrate one or more implementations of the present invention, and their descriptions are relatively specific and detailed, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can make various modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all fall within the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be determined by the appended claims.

Claims

1. An aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials, characterized in that, It includes a reaction flask (1), a stirring mechanism (2), and an auxiliary control mechanism (3); The stirring mechanism (2) includes a main shaft (21) and a rotary driver (22) for driving the main shaft (21) to rotate. A stirring rod (211) is provided on the main shaft (21), and a retractable cutting blade (2111) is provided on the stirring rod (211). The auxiliary control mechanism (3) is used to control the extension and retraction of the cutting blade (2111). In the working state, when the rotary driver (22) drives the spindle (21) to rotate at a speed exceeding the threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism (3) controls the cutting blade (2111) to extend to cut the material; when the rotary driver (22) drives the spindle (21) to rotate at a speed below the threshold, the auxiliary control mechanism (3) controls the cutting blade (2111) to retract, and the stirring rod (211) agitates the material.

2. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The auxiliary control mechanism (3) includes a mounting plate (31) and a pushing component (32); The mounting plate (31) is slidably mounted on the stirring rod (211), and the cutting blade (2111) is connected to the mounting plate (31); The mounting plate (31) is provided with a first elastic element (311), and the two ends of the first elastic element (311) are respectively connected to the mounting plate (31) and the stirring rod (211); The pushing component (32) is used to overcome the elastic force of the first elastic element (311) to drive the cutting blade (2111) on the mounting plate (31) to extend.

3. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 2, characterized in that, The pushing assembly (32) includes an inclined bracket (321) and a push rod (322); The inclined bracket (321) is connected to the mounting plate (31), and the push rod (322) is movably mounted on the stirring rod (211); The auxiliary control mechanism (3) further includes a control component (33) for controlling the movement of the push rod (322), which, when the push rod (322) moves toward the inclined bracket (321), squeezes the inclined surface of the inclined bracket (321) to push the inclined bracket (321) and the mounting plate (31) to extend.

4. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 3, characterized in that, The control component (33) includes a slider (331) and a second elastic element (332); The slider (331) is slidably installed inside the stirring rod (211), and the push rod (322) is connected to the slider (331); The second elastic element (332) is used to prevent the slider (331) from moving toward the inclined support (321). In the working state, when the rotary driver (22) drives the spindle (21) to rotate at a speed exceeding the threshold, the slider (331) and the push rod (322) move toward the inclined support (321) under the action of centrifugal force.

5. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 4, characterized in that, The control component (33) further includes a damping rod (333), the two ends of which are connected to the stirring rod (211) and the slider (331) respectively, and a second elastic element (332) is sleeved on the damping rod (333).

6. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 1, characterized in that, The reaction bottle (1) is provided with a partition (11), and the partition (11) has a gas hole for gas flow; the partition (11) separates the reaction chamber and the gas inlet chamber from top to bottom in the inner cavity of the reaction bottle (1), and the reaction chamber is used to hold the material to be degraded.

7. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 6, characterized in that, The reaction vessel (1) is provided with an exhaust pipe (12) for exhausting gas and an inlet pipe (13) for inlet gas. Both the exhaust pipe (12) and the inlet pipe (13) are provided with electronic flow meters (14) for detecting and regulating gas flow.

8. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 7, characterized in that, The electronic flow meter (14) on the outlet pipe (12) is equipped with a multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system for detecting carbon dioxide concentration.

9. The aerobic composting equipment for biodegradable materials according to claim 8, characterized in that, The gas outlet pipe (12) is equipped with a condenser (121) for separating water vapor from the gas. The condenser (121) is located between the reaction flask (1) and the electronic flow meter (14).

10. A method for aerobic composting degradation of biodegradable materials, employing an aerobic composting device for biodegradable materials as described in any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: S1. Place the material to be degraded into the reaction flask (1) and seal it; S2. Aerobic gas is introduced into the lower air inlet chamber of the reaction bottle (1) through the air inlet pipe (13). The gas diffuses evenly into the reaction chamber through the micropores of the partition plate (11). S3. Start the rotary drive (22). The rotary drive (22) drives the main shaft (21) to rotate at a crushing speed exceeding the set value to crush the material to be degraded. S4. After crushing, the rotary drive (22) reduces the rotation speed of the main shaft (21) to a turning speed below the set value and continues to turn the material. S5. The exhaust gas discharged from the outlet pipe is dehumidified by the condenser and then enters the electronic flow meter. The carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas is detected by the built-in multi-channel motion scanning infrared detection system.

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