Heat insulation waterproof layer structure
By using connecting nails and on-site spraying technology in high ground temperature tunnels to fix the insulation layer and the waterproof layer, the problems of complex construction and poor fixing effect of prefabricated polyurethane insulation boards are solved, and efficient construction and firmness of the insulation and waterproof layer are achieved. fixed.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421029104.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-11
- Publication Date
- 2024-12-13
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-05-11
AI Technical Summary
In the existing high ground temperature tunnel insulation system, the construction process of prefabricated polyurethane heat insulation boards is complex, has low craftsmanship, and has poor fixing effect, which is prone to problems such as de-empty insulation layer and water inlet in joints, resulting in waterproof failure.
The initial support layer, geotextile layer, primary support side waterproof layer, thermal insulation layer and secondary liner waterproof layer are laid in sequence by surrounding rock. The thermal insulation layer and secondary liner side are connected by connecting nails (including anchor rods and inverted teeth) are used to arrange the thermal insulation layer and secondary liner side. The waterproof layer is fixedly connected to avoid inconvenience in the selection of prefabricated material sizes, and can achieve simple and efficient construction through on-site spraying technology and ultrasonic welding technology.
The construction process of the thermal insulation and waterproof layer structure is achieved with simple and easy-to-perform, high-work efficiency and firm fixation, ensuring the control of construction quality and avoiding the problems of air leakage of the insulation layer and water inlet in joints.
Smart Images
Figure CN222162651U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The present application relates to the technical field of waterproofing and drainage, and in particular to a thermal insulation and waterproofing layer structure. Background Art
[0002] During the site selection process, railway tunnels sometimes pass through geothermal areas. In order to avoid the impact of heat damage on tunnel structure, line facilities and train operations, an insulation layer is often set between the primary support and the secondary lining when building the tunnel to block the heat conduction from the high-temperature surrounding rock to the tunnel.
[0003] At present, the insulation layer in the high geothermal tunnel insulation system mostly adopts prefabricated polyurethane insulation board. According to the size of the prefabricated polyurethane insulation board, I-shaped clips are welded on the surface of the primary support side waterproof layer. After welding the I-shaped clips, the prefabricated polyurethane insulation board is installed. The main problems of this method in actual engineering are complicated construction process, low efficiency, poor fixing effect and difficult to control construction quality. It is easy to cause the insulation layer to be hollow and water to enter the joints, resulting in waterproof failure. Utility Model Content
[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems or at least partially solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure.
[0005] The present application provides a heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure, comprising an initial support layer, a geotextile layer, an initial support side waterproof layer, an insulation layer, a secondary lining side waterproof layer and a secondary lining layer sequentially laid at the surrounding rock; the insulation layer and the secondary lining side waterproof layer are fixedly connected by connecting nails, the connecting nails penetrate into the insulation layer, the connecting nails include anchor rods, the anchor rods are provided with a plurality of inverted teeth, and the plurality of inverted teeth are distributed along the vertical direction of the anchor rods.
[0006] Optionally, the connecting pins are arranged at multiple intervals.
[0007] Optionally, the initial support layer and the geotextile layer are connected by inserting nails, and the inserting nails penetrate the geotextile layer and are inserted into the initial support layer.
[0008] Optionally, the insertion pins are arranged at multiple intervals.
[0009] Optionally, a hot-melt gasket is provided at one end of the insertion nail close to the geotextile layer, and the hot-melt gasket is used to be fixedly connected to the primary support side waterproof layer.
[0010] Optionally, the thermal insulation layer is made of polyurethane using an on-site spraying process.
[0011] Optionally, the connecting nail further comprises a base, on which a wire mesh is provided, and the wire mesh is used for being welded and fixed to the second lining side waterproof layer.
[0012] Optionally, the plurality of inverted teeth are inclined from the root to the tip toward the base, and / or,
[0013] The anchor rod further comprises an end head, which is arranged at the end of the connecting nail and is in an inverted cone shape for inserting into the thermal insulation layer, and / or,
[0014] The tip portions of the plurality of inverted teeth are provided with protruding corners.
[0015] Optionally, a plurality of the connecting pins are arranged in a staggered manner in a plum blossom shape.
[0016] Optionally, the spacing between the multiple connecting nails at the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock is a, the spacing between the multiple connecting nails at the arch waist of the tunnel surrounding rock is b, and the spacing between the multiple connecting nails at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock is c, wherein a>b>c.
[0017] In the present application, one end of the connecting nail is inserted into the thermal insulation layer, and the other end is connected to the waterproof layer on the second lining side, which avoids the inconvenience of selecting the size of the fixing parts due to the use of prefabricated materials. In addition, because the connecting nail includes an anchor rod, the anchor rod is provided with a plurality of inverted teeth, and the plurality of inverted teeth are distributed along the vertical direction of the anchor rod, when the anchor rod is vertically inserted into the thermal insulation layer, the connecting nail is rotated so that the inverted teeth release the deformation and can be anchored more deeply in the thermal insulation layer. The connecting nail is used to connect the thermal insulation layer and the waterproof layer on the second lining side. By connecting the waterproof material and the thermal insulation material into a whole, the purpose of achieving a simple and easy construction process of the thermal insulation waterproof layer structure, high work efficiency, firm fixation and controlled construction quality is achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0018] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present application and, together with the description, serve to explain the principles of the present application.
[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative labor.
[0020] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of the heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure of an embodiment of the present application;
[0021] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting pin of an embodiment of the present application;
[0022] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a connecting pin according to an embodiment of the present application.
[0023] The reference numerals in the specific implementation manner are as follows:
[0024] 1. Initial support layer; 2. Geotextile layer; 3. Insert nails; 31. Hot-melt gaskets; 4. Primary support side waterproof layer; 5. Insulation layer; 6. Connecting nails; 61. Base; 611. Wire mesh; 62. Anchor rod; 621. End; 622. Inverted teeth; 7. Secondary lining side waterproof layer; 8. Secondary lining layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0025] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present application, the scheme of the present application will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present application and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.
[0026] In the following description, many specific details are set forth to facilitate a full understanding of the present application, but the present application may also be implemented in other ways different from those described herein; obviously, the embodiments in the specification are only part of the embodiments of the present application, rather than all of the embodiments.
[0027] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by technicians in the technical field to which this application belongs; the terms used herein are only for the purpose of describing specific embodiments and are not intended to limit this application; the terms "including" and "having" in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned figure descriptions and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions.
[0028] In the description of the embodiments of the present application, "multiple" and "several" mean more than two (including two), unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.
[0029] Reference to "embodiments" herein means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in conjunction with the embodiments may be included in at least one embodiment of the present application. The appearance of the phrase in various locations in the specification does not necessarily refer to the same embodiment, nor is it an independent or alternative embodiment that is mutually exclusive with other embodiments. It is explicitly and implicitly understood by those skilled in the art that the embodiments described herein may be combined with other embodiments.
[0030] According to some embodiments of the present application, referring to Figure 1 As shown, Figure 1The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure of the embodiment of the present application is schematically shown. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure of the embodiment of the present application is provided with an initial support layer 1, a geotextile layer 2, a primary support side waterproof layer 4, a heat-insulating layer 5, a secondary lining side waterproof layer 7 and a secondary lining layer 8 in sequence at the surrounding rock; the heat-insulating layer 5 and the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7 are fixedly connected by connecting nails 6, which penetrate into the heat-insulating layer 5, and the connecting nails 6 include anchor rods 62, on which a plurality of inverted teeth 622 are provided, and the plurality of inverted teeth 622 are distributed along the vertical direction of the anchor rods 62.
[0031] In the embodiment of the present application, due to the laying of the primary support side waterproof layer 4, the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7 and the thermal insulation layer 5, the heat conduction from the high-temperature surrounding rock to the tunnel can be blocked while waterproofing. The setting of the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7 also further waterproofs the thermal insulation layer 5 and enhances the thermal insulation effect. The geotextile layer 2 has the characteristics of high tensile strength, high temperature resistance, aging resistance, corrosion resistance, and insect resistance, and can isolate and protect the primary support side waterproof layer 4. One end of the connecting nail 6 is inserted into the thermal insulation layer 5, and the other end is connected to the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7, avoiding the inconvenience of selecting the size of the fixing part due to the use of prefabricated materials. Because the connecting nail 6 includes an anchor rod 62, the anchor rod 62 is provided with a plurality of inverted teeth 622, and the plurality of inverted teeth 622 are distributed along the vertical direction of the anchor rod 62. When the anchor rod 62 is vertically inserted into the thermal insulation layer 5, the connecting nail 6 is rotated so that the inverted teeth 622 release deformation and can be anchored deeper in the thermal insulation layer 5. The connecting nails 6 are used to connect the thermal insulation layer 5 and the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7. By connecting the waterproof material and the thermal insulation material into a whole, the thermal insulation waterproof layer structure construction process is simple and easy, the work efficiency is high, the fixation is firm and the construction quality is controlled.
[0032] According to some embodiments of the present application, reference Figure 1 As shown, the initial support layer 1 and the geotextile layer 2 are connected by insert nails 3. The insert nails 3 penetrate the geotextile layer 2 and are inserted into the initial support layer 1. The insert nails 3 are arranged at intervals. A hot-melt gasket 31 is provided at one end of the insert nail 3 close to the geotextile layer 2. The hot-melt gasket 31 is used to be fixedly connected to the initial support side waterproof layer 4.
[0033] Specifically, the primary support side waterproof layer 4 is welded and fixed to the hot-melt gasket 31 by an ultrasonic welder.
[0034] By inserting the insert nail 3 through the geotextile layer 2 and into the initial support layer 1, the geotextile layer 2 can be fixed on the initial support layer 1. The insert nail 3 is arranged at multiple intervals, and the spacing between the multiple insert nails 3 is designed according to the specification to fix the geotextile layer 2. A hot melt gasket 31 is provided at one end of the insert nail 3 close to the geotextile layer 2. The hot melt gasket 31 is used to connect the initial support side waterproof layer 4, the geotextile layer 2 and the initial support layer 1. Since the contact area between the hot melt gasket 31 and the initial support side waterproof layer 4 is large, it not only increases the fixed connection area, but also prevents the insert nail 3 from damaging the structure of the initial support side waterproof layer 4. When laying the initial support side waterproof layer 4, an ultrasonic welder is used to weld and fix the initial support side waterproof layer 4 and the hot melt gasket 31.
[0035] According to some embodiments of the present application, reference Figure 1 As shown, the heat insulation layer 5 is made of polyurethane and is sprayed on site. The connecting nails 6 are arranged at intervals.
[0036] Specifically, the material of the heat insulation layer 5 is polyurethane, and the construction process of on-site spraying is adopted to bond and fix with the primary support side waterproof layer 4. After the polyurethane is solidified, the arrangement points of the connecting nails 6 are marked, and finally the connecting nails 6 are anchored in the solidified heat insulation layer 5.
[0037] The on-site spraying construction process is adopted to avoid the inconvenience of selecting the size of the fixing parts due to the use of prefabricated materials, so as to achieve a simple and easy construction process for the thermal insulation and waterproof layer structure, high work efficiency, and controllable construction quality. The connecting nails 6 are arranged at multiple intervals, and the spacing between the multiple connecting nails 6 is designed according to the specification, so as to fix and connect the thermal insulation layer 5 and the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7.
[0038] In some embodiments, reference Figure 2 and Figure 3 As shown, Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting pin of an embodiment of the present application. Figure 3 It is a cross-sectional view of the connecting nail of the embodiment of the present application. The connecting nail 6 also includes a base 61, on which a wire mesh 611 is provided, and the wire mesh 611 is used to be welded and fixed to the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7, and a plurality of inverted teeth 622 are inclined toward the base 61 from the root to the tip. The anchor rod 62 also includes an end 621, which is arranged at the end of the connecting nail 6, and the end 621 is in an inverted cone shape, and is used to be inserted into the thermal insulation layer 5, and the tips of the plurality of inverted teeth 622 are provided with protruding edges and corners.
[0039] Specifically, the inverted teeth 622 are symmetrically distributed along the vertical direction of the anchor rod 62 , the tips of the inverted teeth 622 are inclined toward the base 61 , and the angle between the inverted teeth 622 and the anchor rod 62 is 30° to 60°.
[0040] The secondary lining side waterproof layer 7 is welded and fixed with the connecting nail 6 by an ultrasonic welder. The wire mesh 611 is arranged at the bottom of the base 61. During ultrasonic welding, the mesh wires in the wire mesh 611 are easy to melt. The wire mesh 611 melts to form a welding surface, which can increase the welding points between the base 61 and the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7, and facilitate the welding connection of the connecting nail 6 and the secondary lining side waterproof layer 7. The multiple inverted teeth 622 are arranged to be inclined from the root to the tip toward the base 61, and the protruding edges and corners are arranged at the tip of the multiple inverted teeth 622, which is conducive to inserting the anchor rod 62 into the insulation layer 5.
[0041] According to some embodiments of the present application, a plurality of connecting pins 6 are arranged in a staggered manner in a plum blossom shape. The arrangement spacing of the plurality of connecting pins 6 at the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock is a, the arrangement spacing of the plurality of connecting pins 6 at the arch waist of the tunnel surrounding rock is b, and the arrangement spacing of the plurality of connecting pins 6 at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock is c, wherein a>b>c.
[0042] Specifically, after the thermal insulation layer 5 is solidified, the arrangement points of the connecting nails 6 are marked on the surface of the thermal insulation layer 5 by spray paint, wherein the "plum blossom-shaped staggered arrangement" refers to a five-point arrangement.
[0043] Since the force on the connecting nails 6 is the greatest at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock and the force on the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock is the smallest, when arranging the connecting nails 6, the spacing between the connecting nails 6 at different positions is also different, that is, the arrangement of the connecting nails 6 is the most dense at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock, and the arrangement of the connecting nails 6 is the most sparse at the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock. In some embodiments, the arrangement spacing of multiple connecting nails 6 at the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock is 1m to 1.2m, the arrangement spacing of multiple connecting nails 6 at the arch waist of the tunnel surrounding rock is 0.8m to 1m, and the arrangement spacing of multiple connecting nails 6 at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock is 0.5m to 0.8m.
[0044] The following will introduce the installation method of the thermal insulation and waterproof layer structure in detail.
[0045] First, after laying the initial support layer 1, the geotextile layer 2 is fixed on the surface of the initial support layer 1 by inserting nails 3 according to the standard design spacing and arrangement. After the geotextile layer 2 is fixed, the initial support side waterproof layer 4 is welded and fixed firmly with the hot melt gasket 31 by an ultrasonic welder. Then, the polyurethane thermal insulation material is sprayed on the surface of the initial support side waterproof layer 4 as the thermal insulation layer 5 by a layered spraying process, so that the thermal insulation layer 5 is bonded and fixed to the initial support side waterproof layer 4 until the designed thickness is reached; after the thermal insulation layer 5 is solidified, the layout points of the connecting nails 6 are marked on the surface of the thermal insulation layer 5 by self-spraying paint. Specifically, the layout spacing of the connecting nails 6 at the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock is 1m to 1.2m, the layout spacing of the connecting nails 6 at the arch waist of the tunnel surrounding rock is 0.8m to 1m, and the layout spacing of the connecting nails 6 at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock is 0.5m to 0.8m. Finally, the anchor rod 62 of the connecting nail 6 is vertically anchored in the thermal insulation layer 5 after consolidation. After the anchor rod 62 is inserted into the thermal insulation layer 5, the connecting nail 6 is rotated 90° to release the deformation of the inverted tooth 622 structure and anchor it more deeply in the thermal insulation layer 5. Then, an ultrasonic welding machine is used to hot-melt weld the second lining side waterproof layer 7 and the wire mesh 611 on the base 61 of the connecting nail 6, and the welding and fixing are performed from the arch bottom on one side to the arch bottom on the other side along the tunnel circumference. Subsequently, the second lining side waterproof layer 7 is circumferentially overlapped longitudinally, and hot-melt welded by an automatic crawling welding machine with double welds, temperature adjustment, and speed regulation hot wedge functions. A handheld welding gun is used for detailed processing or repair. The effective weld width of a single weld is not less than 2 cm, and the overlap width is not less than 15 cm. Finally, the steel bars are tied, the trolley is sealed, and the secondary lining layer 8 is poured.
[0046] The content of this application is not limited to the examples listed in the embodiments, and any equivalent changes made to the technical solution of this application by ordinary technicians in this field after reading the description of this application are covered by the claims of this application.
[0047] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit them; although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein by equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, and they should all be included in the scope of the claims and specification of the present application. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. The present application is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions that fall within the scope of the claims.
Claims
1. A heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure, characterized in that: The heat-insulating waterproof layer structure comprises an initial support layer (1), a geotextile layer (2), an initial support side waterproof layer (4), a heat-insulating layer (5), a secondary lining side waterproof layer (7) and a secondary lining layer (8) which are laid in sequence at the surrounding rock; the heat-insulating layer (5) and the secondary lining side waterproof layer (7) are fixedly connected by connecting nails (6); the connecting nails (6) penetrate into the heat-insulating layer (5); the connecting nails (6) include anchor rods (62); the anchor rods (62) are provided with a plurality of inverted teeth (622); the plurality of inverted teeth (622) are distributed along the vertical direction of the anchor rods (62).
2. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting nails (6) are arranged in multiple intervals.
3. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The initial support layer (1) and the geotextile layer (2) are connected by an insertion nail (3), and the insertion nail (3) penetrates the geotextile layer (2) and is inserted into the initial support layer (1).
4. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 3, characterized in that: The insertion pins (3) are arranged at multiple intervals.
5. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that: A hot-melt gasket (31) is provided at one end of the insertion nail (3) close to the geotextile layer (2), and the hot-melt gasket (31) is used for fixed connection with the primary support side waterproof layer (4).
6. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The thermal insulation layer (5) is made of polyurethane and is sprayed on site.
7. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The connecting nail (6) further comprises a base (61), on which a wire mesh (611) is provided, and the wire mesh (611) is used for welding and fixing to the second lining side waterproof layer (7).
8. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 7, characterized in that: The plurality of inverted teeth (622) are inclined from the root to the tip toward the base (61), and / or, The anchor rod (62) further comprises an end head (621), wherein the end head (621) is arranged at the end of the connecting nail (6), the end head (621) is in an inverted cone shape, and is used for inserting into the thermal insulation layer (5), and / or, The tips of the plurality of inverted teeth (622) are provided with protruding corners.
9. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plurality of connecting pins (6) are arranged in a staggered manner in a plum blossom shape.
10. The heat-insulating and waterproof layer structure according to claim 9, characterized in that: The arrangement spacing of the plurality of connecting pins (6) at the arch bottom of the tunnel surrounding rock is a, the arrangement spacing of the plurality of connecting pins (6) at the arch waist of the tunnel surrounding rock is b, and the arrangement spacing of the plurality of connecting pins (6) at the arch top of the tunnel surrounding rock is c, wherein a>b>c.