Battery pack and electric automobile

Abstract

The utility model discloses a battery pack and an electric vehicle. The battery pack comprises a plurality of battery modules and a protection component, the plurality of battery modules are arranged along a first direction, each battery module comprises a plurality of layers of battery packs stacked along a height direction, each layer of battery pack is composed of a plurality of battery monomers arranged along a second direction, and the height direction is the thickness direction of the battery monomers; at least one side surface of the protection component is provided with a concave part, anti-explosion valves of single batteries of the battery packs face the concave part, the concave part extends along the second direction and penetrates through the protection component, and the plurality of concave parts and the plurality of layers of battery packs are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence manner; according to the battery pack, the concave parts are arranged on the battery single bodies, so that high-temperature and high-pressure gas sprayed from the battery single bodies on each layer can be discharged along the concave parts, mutual influence of battery packs on each layer in the same battery module is avoided, mutual influence of two adjacent battery modules can also be avoided, and the stability and the safety of the battery pack are improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present application relates to the field of battery technology, and in particular to a battery pack and an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] Electric vehicles usually use lithium battery packs as a power source. Due to the limitations of the body structure of electric vehicles, battery packs are mostly installed on the chassis of electric vehicles. Since seats are usually installed above the chassis, if the battery pack catches fire or explodes, it will directly affect the safety of passengers. Therefore, the safety of the battery pack is crucial to the development of electric vehicles.

[0003] In the related art, most of the batteries in the battery pack are arranged vertically and stacked horizontally into a battery group, and multiple battery groups are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. When a car collides, the largest surface of the battery in the battery pack bears the collision force, and sharp objects can easily pierce the battery from the largest surface of the battery, causing the battery to have problems such as thermal runaway. If the batteries of the battery pack are arranged horizontally and stacked vertically into a battery group, multiple battery groups are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. Although it can prevent the largest surface of the battery from directly bearing the collision force of the electric car, the explosion-proof valves of two adjacent battery groups will affect each other, and when the explosion-proof valve of one battery group is out of control, it will directly affect the battery group adjacent to it, thereby causing a chain reaction, causing the overall loss of control of the battery pack, and posing a safety hazard. Utility Model Content

[0004] One object of the present application is to solve or at least alleviate part or all of the above problems. To this end, one object of the present application is to provide a battery pack and an electric vehicle.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, this application adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] In one aspect, the present application provides a battery pack for an electric vehicle, comprising:

[0007] A battery module, wherein a plurality of the battery modules are arranged in a first direction, the battery module comprises a plurality of layers of battery packs stacked in a height direction, each layer of the battery packs is composed of a plurality of battery cells arranged in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are both arranged in parallel with the largest surface of the box, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, the height direction is consistent with the thickness direction of the battery cells, and the height direction is perpendicular to the first direction and the second direction respectively;

[0008] The battery cell includes an explosion-proof valve;

[0009] A protective component, wherein at least one side of the protective component is provided with a recessed portion, the explosion-proof valve of the battery cell of the battery pack faces the recessed portion, the recessed portion extends along the second direction and penetrates the protective component, and a plurality of the recessed portions are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of the battery packs.

[0010] As an optional solution of the battery pack, the recessed portion includes an arc-shaped portion and an extension portion, and two extension portions are respectively connected to two ends of the arc-shaped portion.

[0011] As an optional solution for the battery pack, the arc-shaped portion is recessed in a direction away from the battery pack; or the arc-shaped portion is convex in a direction close to the battery pack.

[0012] As an optional solution for the battery pack, both of the two extending portions extend along the first direction.

[0013] As an optional solution of the battery pack, an end surface of the extending portion is in contact with the battery module.

[0014] As an optional solution for the battery pack, the protective component adopts a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure; or the protective component adopts a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure includes an internal supporting structure and a protective layer arranged on the surface of the internal supporting structure.

[0015] As an optional solution of the battery pack, the battery pack further includes a box body, and the protective member is provided with mounting grooves at both ends in the height direction, and the protective member is fixedly connected to the box body at the mounting grooves.

[0016] As an optional solution for the battery pack, the battery pack includes a box body, which includes a first shell and a second shell that are sealed together, the largest surfaces of the first shell and the second shell are the largest surfaces of the box body; and the plane where the explosion-proof valve is located is perpendicular to the largest surface of the box body.

[0017] As an optional solution for the battery pack, a plurality of first support beams spaced apart along a first direction are provided on the largest surface of the first shell, a second support beam corresponding to the first support beam is provided on the largest surface of the second shell, and the protective member is fixed to the first support beam and the second support beam at both ends in the height direction, respectively.

[0018] In a second aspect, the present application provides an electric vehicle, comprising a chassis and a battery pack as described in any one of the above items, wherein the battery pack is mounted on the chassis, and the largest surface of the battery pack is parallel to the plane where the chassis is located.

[0019] The benefits of this application are:

[0020] The battery pack provided in the present application includes a battery module and a protective component, wherein a plurality of battery modules are arranged along a first direction, and the battery module includes a plurality of layers of battery groups stacked along a height direction, and each layer of battery groups is composed of a plurality of battery cells arranged along a second direction, and the height direction is the thickness direction of the battery cells; a recess is provided on at least one side of the protective component, and an explosion-proof valve of a battery cell of the battery pack faces the recess, and the recess extends along the second direction and penetrates the protective component, and a plurality of recesses are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of layers of battery groups; so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gases ejected from the battery cells of each layer can be discharged along the recess, which not only avoids mutual influence between each layer of battery groups in the same battery module, but also avoids mutual influence between two adjacent battery modules, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery pack.

[0021] The electric vehicle provided in this application has better safety by applying the above-mentioned battery pack. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the description of the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the contents of the embodiments of the present application and these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0023] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of an electric vehicle provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0024] Figure 2 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0025] Figure 3 is an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0026] Figure 4 is an exploded schematic diagram of a partial internal structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application in one situation;

[0027] Figure 5 is an exploded schematic diagram of a partial internal structure of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present application in another situation;

[0028] Figure 6 It is a structural schematic diagram of a protective component provided in an embodiment of the present application;

[0029] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of another protective component provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0030] Reference numerals:

[0031] 100, chassis; 200, battery pack;

[0032] 1. box body; 11. first shell; 111. first support beam; 1111. raised column; 12. second shell;

[0033] 2. Battery module; 21. Battery pack; 211. Battery cell; 2111. Housing; 2112. End plate; 2113. Explosion-proof valve;

[0034] 3. Protective component; 31. Recessed portion; 311. Arc-shaped portion; 312. Extended portion; 32. Mounting groove. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0035] Before any embodiments of the application are explained in detail, it is to be understood that the application is not limited in its application to the details of construction and the arrangement of components set forth in the following description or illustrated in the above drawings.

[0036] In this application, the terms "comprises", "includes", "has" or any other variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, method, article or device that includes a series of elements includes not only those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed, or also includes elements inherent to such process, method, article or device. In the absence of more restrictions, an element defined by the sentence "comprises a ..." does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device that includes the element.

[0037] In this application, the term "and / or" is a description of the association relationship between related objects, indicating that three relationships can exist. For example, A and / or B can represent: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " in this application generally indicates that the related objects before and after are in an "and / or" relationship.

[0038] In the present application, the terms "connect", "combine", "couple", and "install" may refer to direct connection, combination, coupling, or installation, or indirect connection, combination, coupling, or installation. For example, direct connection refers to two parts or components being connected together without the need for an intermediate piece, and indirect connection refers to two parts or components being connected to at least one intermediate piece respectively, and the two parts or components being connected via the intermediate piece. In addition, "connect" and "couple" are not limited to physical or mechanical connections or couplings, and may include electrical connections or couplings.

[0039] In this application, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that relative terms (e.g., "about," "approximately," "substantially," etc.) used in conjunction with quantities or conditions include the values ​​and have the meaning indicated by the context. For example, the relative terms include at least the degree of error associated with the measurement of a specific value, the tolerances caused by manufacturing, assembly, and use associated with a specific value, etc. Such terms should also be considered to disclose a range defined by the absolute values ​​of the two endpoints. Relative terms may refer to plus or minus a certain percentage (e.g., 1%, 5%, 10% or more) of the indicated value. Numerical values ​​that do not use relative terms should also be disclosed as specific values ​​with tolerances.

[0040] In this application, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the function performed by a component can be performed by one component, multiple components, one part, or multiple parts. Similarly, the function performed by a part can also be performed by one part, one component, or a combination of multiple parts.

[0041] In the present application, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "front", "back" and other directional words are described based on the orientation and positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings, and should not be understood as limiting the embodiments of the present application. In addition, in the context, it is also necessary to understand that when it is mentioned that an element is connected to another element "upper" or "lower", it can not only be directly connected to another element "upper" or "lower", but also indirectly connected to another element "upper" or "lower" through an intermediate element. It should also be understood that directional words such as upper side, lower side, left side, right side, front side, back side, etc. not only represent the positive orientation, but can also be understood as the lateral orientation. For example, the bottom can include directly below, lower left, lower right, lower front, and lower back, etc.

[0042] Figure 1 An electric vehicle provided in this embodiment is shown, including a chassis 100, an electric drive system, an electric control system and a battery pack 200. The battery pack 200 is installed on the chassis 100. The battery pack 200 is used to provide electric energy to the electric drive system and the electric control system. The electric control system is used to receive the driver's operation signal and cooperate with the electric drive system to drive the electric vehicle.

[0043] In the related art, most of the batteries in the battery pack are arranged vertically and stacked horizontally into a battery group, and multiple battery groups are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. When a car collides, the largest surface of the battery in the battery pack bears the collision force, and sharp objects can easily pierce the battery from the largest surface of the battery, causing the battery to have problems such as thermal runaway. If the batteries of the battery pack are arranged horizontally and stacked vertically into a battery group, multiple battery groups are arranged at intervals along the horizontal direction. Although it can prevent the largest surface of the battery from directly bearing the collision force of the electric car, the explosion-proof valves of two adjacent battery groups will affect each other, and when the explosion-proof valve of one battery group is out of control, it will directly affect the battery group adjacent to it, thereby causing a chain reaction, causing the overall loss of control of the battery pack, and posing a safety hazard.

[0044] Based on the above problems, the present embodiment further provides a battery pack 200, in which the largest surface of the battery cell in the battery pack 200 is arranged parallel to the largest surface of the chassis 100, thereby reducing the impact force on the largest surface of the battery caused by a collision of the electric vehicle, preventing sharp objects from piercing the largest surface of the battery, and avoiding mutual influence between the explosion-proof valves of the battery cells, thereby improving the stability of the battery pack 200 and enhancing the safety of the electric vehicle.

[0045] For the convenience of description, hereinafter, the plane formed by the first direction and the second direction is parallel to the surface where the chassis 100 is located, and the first direction is along the length direction of the electric vehicle, and the second direction is along the width direction of the electric vehicle; the height direction is perpendicular to the surface where the chassis 100 is located, and the height direction is consistent with the thickness direction of the battery cell. Of course, it can be understood that in other embodiments, the first direction is along the width direction of the electric vehicle, and the second direction is along the length direction of the electric vehicle.

[0046] Figure 2 FIG. 2 shows an exploded schematic diagram of a battery pack 200 provided in this embodiment. Figure 2 As shown, the battery pack 200 includes a case 1, a battery module 2 and a protective component 3. The battery module 2 is composed of a plurality of battery cells 211. Several battery modules 2 are arranged in the case 1 along a first direction, and a protective component 3 is provided between adjacent battery modules 2. The protective component 3 is used to discharge the high-temperature and high-pressure gas and / or flammable particles ejected from the battery module 2 along a second direction, thereby reducing the mutual influence between adjacent battery modules 2 and improving the stability and safety of the battery pack 200.

[0047] When the battery pack 200 is installed on the chassis 100 of the electric vehicle, the largest surface of the box body 1 faces the chassis 100 of the electric vehicle, which facilitates the installation of the battery pack 200 and can fully utilize the space on the chassis 100 to improve space utilization.

[0048] In order to facilitate the assembly of the battery pack 200, the box body 1 includes a first shell 11 and a second shell 12 that are sealed together, and the largest surface of the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 is the largest surface of the box body 1. In some embodiments, the sealing between the mating surfaces of the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 can be achieved by setting a sealing gasket. In other embodiments, the sealing between the mating surfaces of the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 can also be achieved by filling the sealing glue. The box body 1 is preferably a stamping part. Specifically, the first shell 11 and the second shell 12 are both made of stamping parts and welded together. It is not only convenient to process and low in cost, but also the stamping parts have high structural strength, good stability and long service life.

[0049] In some embodiments, in order to facilitate the assembly of the protective member 3 and the box body 1, a plurality of first support beams 111 spaced apart along the first direction are provided on the largest surface of the first shell 11, and a second support beam (not shown in the figure) corresponding to the first support beam 111 is provided on the largest surface of the second shell 12, and the two ends of the protective member 3 are respectively fixed on the first support beam 111 and the second support beam. Furthermore, mounting grooves 32 are provided on the top and bottom surfaces of the protective member 3, and the protective member 3 and the first and second support beams 1111 can be connected at the mounting grooves 32 by fasteners or raised columns 1111. In some embodiments, the number of mounting grooves 32 on the protective member 3 is multiple, and the number of raised columns 1111 on the first and second support beams is also multiple, and they are arranged one-to-one corresponding to the mounting grooves 32.

[0050] Figure 3 FIG. 2 shows an exploded schematic diagram of a battery cell 211 provided in this embodiment. Figure 3 As shown, the battery cell 211 includes a shell 2111, a battery cell, an end cover and an explosion-proof valve 2113. The battery cell is arranged in the shell 2111, and the end cover is sealed on the opening of the shell 2111. The explosion-proof valve 2113 is installed on the end cover. The explosion-proof valve 2113 is used to eject high-temperature and high-pressure gas, flames, and flaming particles from the explosion-proof valve 2113 when the battery cell 211 has thermal runaway. In some embodiments, the battery cell is formed by winding a positive electrode sheet, a diaphragm, and a negative electrode sheet, and the diaphragm is an insulating diaphragm. In some other embodiments, the battery cell is formed by stacking a positive electrode sheet, a diaphragm, and a negative electrode sheet in sequence, and the diaphragm is an insulating diaphragm, which allows ions to pass through but prevents electrons from passing through.

[0051] Figure 4 A schematic diagram of an exploded view of a partial internal structure of the battery pack 200 provided in this embodiment is shown in one situation. Figure 5 FIG. 2 shows an exploded schematic diagram of the internal structure of the battery pack 200 provided in this embodiment in another situation. Figures 4 to 5As shown, in the box body 1, a plurality of battery modules 2 are arranged along a first direction, and the battery module 2 includes a plurality of layers of battery packs 21 stacked along a height direction, and each layer of battery packs 21 is composed of a plurality of battery cells 211 arranged along a second direction. The first direction and the second direction are both arranged in parallel with the maximum surface of the box body 1, and the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The height direction is arranged in perpendicular to the maximum surface of the box body 1, and the height direction is the thickness direction of the battery cell 211, so as to ensure that the maximum surface of the battery cell 211 in the battery module 2 is parallel to the chassis 100, reduce the collision force borne by the maximum surface of the battery cell 211, and improve the safety of the electric vehicle.

[0052] A protective component 3 is provided between two adjacent battery modules 2. The protective component 3 has a recessed portion 31 on one side surface facing the explosion-proof valve 2113 of the battery pack 21. The recessed portion 31 extends along the second direction and penetrates the protective component 3. The number of recessed portions 31 is the same as the number of layers of the battery pack 21, and the recessed portions 31 are arranged corresponding to the explosion-proof valve 2113 of the battery pack 21, so that the high-temperature and high-pressure gas ejected from the battery cells 211 of each layer can be discharged along the recessed portion 31, which not only avoids mutual influence between each layer of battery packs 21 in the same battery module 2, but also avoids mutual influence between two adjacent battery modules 2, thereby improving the stability and safety of the battery pack 200.

[0053] In some embodiments, Figure 4 As shown, the explosion-proof valves 2113 of two adjacent battery modules 2 are arranged opposite to each other. In other words, the explosion-proof valves 2113 of two adjacent battery modules 2 face each other. At this time, recessed portions 31 are provided on both sides of the protective member 3 to ensure that the gas generated by the two battery modules 2 can be discharged from the recessed portions 31 opposite to them. In other embodiments, such as Figure 5 As shown, the explosion-proof valves 2113 of two adjacent battery modules 2 are not arranged opposite to each other. In other words, the explosion-proof valves 2113 of the two battery modules 2 face the same direction. At this time, a recessed portion 31 is provided on one side surface of the protective component 3 facing the explosion-proof valve 2113, and there is no need to provide recessed portions 31 on both side surfaces of the protective component 3.

[0054] Figure 6 FIG. 2 shows a partial structural diagram of a protective component 3 provided in this embodiment. Figure 6 As shown, the recessed portion 31 of the protective component 3 includes an arc portion 311 and an extension portion 312. The arc portion 311 is recessed in a direction away from the battery pack 21. The two extension portions 312 are respectively connected to the two ends of the arc portion 311, and the two extension portions 312 extend along the first direction. The curved surface of the arc portion 311 can effectively disperse the impact of the high-temperature gas and / or particulate matter ejected from the explosion-proof valve 2113, and the high-temperature gas and / or particulate matter can be smoothly discharged along the recessed portion 31, reducing the impact of the high-temperature gas on other battery cells 211.

[0055] Figure 7 FIG. 2 shows a partial structural diagram of another protective component 3 provided in this embodiment. Figure 7 As shown, the recessed portion 31 of the protective member 3 includes an arc portion 311 and an extension portion 312, the arc portion 311 protrudes in the direction close to the battery pack 21, and the two extension portions 312 are respectively connected to the two ends of the arc portion 311, and the two extension portions 312 extend along the first direction. The curved surface of the arc portion 311 can effectively disperse the impact of the high-temperature gas and / or particles ejected from the explosion-proof valve 2113, and facilitate the high-temperature gas and / or particles to be smoothly discharged along the recessed portion 31, reducing the impact of the high-temperature gas on other battery cells 211. In some embodiments, the arc portion 311 can be a circular arc or an elliptical arc.

[0056] In the above two examples, the end faces of the extension 312 of the protective member 3 are in contact with the battery module 2, so that the battery module 2 can be supported and limited. In addition, the protective member 3 can adopt a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure. In some embodiments, the protective member 3 adopts a single-layer structure, and the single-layer structure is made of a fireproof material; or the protective member 3 adopts a multi-layer structure, and the multi-layer structure includes an internal support structure made of a metal material and a protective layer formed by coating a fire-retardant coating on the surface of the internal support structure to improve the fire resistance and strength of the protective member 3. In some embodiments, the protective member 3 is made of a fireproof material such as mica, which can withstand flames or high temperatures above 500°C. In other embodiments, the protective member 3 can also be made of a metal material such as steel, aluminum alloy, etc. to form an internal support structure, and then a refractory material is coated on the surface of the internal support structure to form a protective layer, which can withstand the high-speed impact of high-temperature gas, particulate matter, etc. ejected when the battery cell 211 is thermally runaway, and improve the high temperature resistance and impact resistance of the protective member 3.

[0057] It should be noted that the extension portion 312 located between the two recessed portions 31 can separate the two layers of battery packs 21 to prevent the battery cells 211 in different layers from influencing each other when thermal runaway occurs.

[0058] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present application. Those skilled in the art should understand that the above embodiments do not limit the present application in any form, and any technical solution obtained by equivalent replacement or equivalent transformation falls within the protection scope of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery pack, characterized in that: include: A battery module (2), wherein a plurality of the battery modules (2) are arranged in a first direction, the battery module (2) comprises a plurality of layers of battery groups (21) stacked in a height direction, each layer of the battery group (21) is composed of a plurality of battery cells (211) arranged in a second direction, the first direction and the second direction are perpendicular, and the height direction is consistent with the thickness direction of the battery cells (211); The battery cell (211) includes an explosion-proof valve (2113); A protective component (3), wherein at least one side of the protective component (3) is provided with a recessed portion (31), the explosion-proof valve (2113) of the battery pack (21) faces the recessed portion (31), the recessed portion (31) extends along the second direction and penetrates the protective component (3), and a plurality of the recessed portions (31) are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with a plurality of layers of the battery pack (21).

2. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The recessed portion (31) comprises an arc-shaped portion (311) and an extension portion (312), and the two extension portions (312) are respectively connected to two ends of the arc-shaped portion (311).

3. The battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The arc-shaped portion (311) is recessed in a direction away from the battery pack (21); or the arc-shaped portion (311) is protruding in a direction approaching the battery pack (21).

4. The battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: The two extending portions (312) both extend along the first direction.

5. The battery pack according to claim 2, characterized in that: An end surface of the extension portion (312) is in contact with the battery module (2).

6. The battery pack according to claim 1, characterized in that: The protective component (3) adopts a single-layer structure or a multi-layer structure; Alternatively, the protective component (3) adopts a multi-layer structure, which includes an internal supporting structure and a protective layer arranged on the surface of the internal supporting structure.

7. The battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that: The battery pack comprises a box body (1), wherein the box body (1) comprises a first shell (11) and a second shell (12) that are sealed together, wherein the maximum surface of the first shell (11) and the second shell (12) is the maximum surface of the box body (1); and the plane where the explosion-proof valve (2113) is located is perpendicular to the maximum surface of the box body (1).

8. The battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that: A plurality of first support beams (111) spaced apart along a first direction are provided on the largest surface of the first shell (11), a second support beam corresponding to the first support beam (111) is provided on the largest surface of the second shell (12), and the protective component (3) is fixed to the first support beam (111) and the second support beam at both ends in the height direction, respectively.

9. The battery pack according to claim 7, characterized in that: The protective component (3) is provided with mounting grooves (32) at both ends in the height direction, and the protective component (3) is fixedly connected to the box body (1) at the mounting grooves (32).

10. An electric vehicle, characterized in that: It comprises a chassis (100) and a battery pack according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the battery pack is mounted on the chassis (100); and the largest surface of the battery pack is parallel to the plane where the chassis (100) is located.

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