Multi-motor, multi-scheme and multi-driving-mode driving system and electric driving machine thereof

Abstract

The utility model relates to a driving system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple driving modes, which comprises at least two driving devices consisting of motors and speed regulation devices, one first driving device and N auxiliary driving devices, and is controlled by a motor control device, so that the driving devices can be controlled to cooperatively or independently work to generate at least three gears of driving modes; in each driving mode, the ratio of the output power of the driving device A is between 575 per mill and 666 per mill; the sum of the proportions of the output power of the N auxiliary driving devices is between 333 per thousand and 425 per thousand, and the proportion ratio of the adjacent gears is controlled between 1.35 and 2 (times), so that a driving mode with a plurality of gears and different total proportion ratios can be formed by combining a smaller number of motors, the dynamic property and the economical efficiency of electric driving machinery can be ensured, and the manufacturing cost is reduced. The utility model can achieve the same effect by adopting a multi-gear transmission without using a transmission, and can be applied to various types of electric drive machinery.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present disclosure relates to the technical field of electric drive machinery, and specifically to a multi-motor, multi-scheme, and multi-drive mode drive system and an electric drive machinery thereof. Background Art

[0002] The statements in this section only provide background information related to the present disclosure, and these statements may constitute prior art. In the process of implementing the present utility model, the inventor found that there are at least the following problems in the prior art.

[0003] With the intensification of energy crisis and environmental pollution, all parts of the world are vigorously advocating and paying attention to the development of various electric drive machinery, such as electric cars, electric airplanes, electric trains, electric ships, etc., as well as aerospace, agricultural and animal husbandry machinery, various mining and engineering machinery, various weapons, etc., are all developing in the direction of electric drive.

[0004] Unlike traditional fuel engines, electric motors have excellent characteristics that greatly reduce the requirements for transmissions in electric drive machines using electric motors. Most of the new energy vehicles on the market currently use a single high-torque, low-speed drive motor with a fixed speed ratio reduction device, but their electric drive systems are heavy and have high manufacturing costs. For this type of traditional electric vehicle, the acceleration and climbing motors at low speeds need to output high torque at low speeds, while high-speed driving requires the motor to have a large speed regulation range. At present, it is difficult for motors to achieve high-efficiency operation at both low and high speeds at the same time in terms of design. This results in vehicles using this type of drive often being unable to meet the requirements of low-speed driving and climbing and high-speed driving while meeting the highest energy efficiency.

[0005] The main solution at present is to use the small gear of a multi-speed transmission to drive the large gear to reduce speed and increase torque to meet the high torque requirements of starting, low-speed driving, climbing, etc.; the large gear drives the small gear to reduce torque and increase speed to meet the requirements of high-speed driving and maximum speed. However, it is not easy to develop a multi-speed electric transmission. The extra weight, system complexity, cost, shift shock and other issues are all challenges to the development of multi-speed electric transmissions. For example, the mechanical automatic transmission (AMT) used in the prior art has disadvantages such as power interruption and poor driving experience during the shifting process.

[0006] To this end, the dual-motor AMT solution came into being to solve the above problems. The traditional dual-motor pure electric transmission using a mechanical automatic transmission (AMT) uses a synchronizer to ensure that the coupling sleeve and the target gear ring do not contact before synchronization, thereby avoiding inter-tooth impact. However, such a structure is relatively complex, resulting in high manufacturing and use costs, and the synchronizer is prone to wear, further increasing maintenance costs. At the same time, the synchronizer shifts for a long time and has impacts, affecting the driving experience.

[0007] To this end, some people have proposed a method of using multiple groups of motors to work individually or in coordination. When a large torque output is required, multiple motors work simultaneously, and when a small torque output is required, a single motor works, so as to achieve the same effect as using a multi-speed electric transmission. For example, the patent application number 202011246947.2 is named "A multi-motor flexible torque centralized drive synthesis box and electric vehicle". It uses multiple groups of the same small torque, high-speed drive motors, and cooperates with a two-speed transmission. Multiple groups of motors can work in a controlled manner according to the vehicle working conditions. Work together with the two-speed transmission to produce N×2 working modes, which can meet the high torque requirements of low-speed conditions while ensuring that the drive motor works in the high-efficiency zone, reduce the power loss of the drive motor, improve the efficiency of the electric drive system, and reduce manufacturing and procurement costs.

[0008] However, except for the first embodiment of the patent, which does not use a speed change device, but makes four motors work together or separately to simply form four driving modes (the first gear driving mode is four motors working simultaneously; the second gear driving mode is three motors working simultaneously; the third gear driving mode is two motors working simultaneously; the fourth gear driving mode is a single motor working), the other embodiments all use two-speed speed change devices without exception. The reason for this is that vehicles with low-speed use requirements have a relatively small total transmission ratio, so there is no need to equip a speed change device to continue to increase the total transmission ratio, and they can barely be used (i.e., the first embodiment of the patent). However, vehicles with high-speed use requirements and heavy trucks have a relatively large total transmission ratio, so most of the embodiments in the above patents still use two-speed transmissions and multiple motors to increase the total transmission ratio to replace the multi-speed transmission. Although the use of four groups of motors + two-speed transmissions can increase the total transmission ratio and combine it into eight driving modes to meet the needs of electric heavy trucks, the cost of four groups of motors + two-speed transmissions and the complexity of the system are imaginable.

[0009] A few drive systems that do not use similar transmissions are similar to the first embodiment of the above patent, using two to four motors in combination, which are only applicable to electric drive machines with a small total transmission ratio. If the above solution is to be applied to electric drive machines with a large total transmission ratio, more motors are needed to be combined, the number of motors increases, the structural design of the control system is very complicated, the cost is relatively increased, and there is no value for promotion and application.

[0010] Each type of electric drive machinery has different requirements for functions, use conditions, overall layout, and cost control, and therefore has different requirements for the total transmission ratio of the electric transmission. For example, small and medium-sized electric drive machinery such as electric cars have compact structures and large specific power, and require a smaller total transmission ratio (between 3 and 5 times); electric light trucks, electric buses, and other electric drive machinery have small specific power, and require a larger total transmission ratio (between 5 and 8 times); electric heavy trucks and off-road vehicles and other electric drive machinery have large load variations and complex road conditions, and require a larger total transmission ratio (8 to 12 times and more). Different total transmission ratios have different gear design requirements. A small total transmission ratio means fewer gears; a large total transmission ratio means that in order to ensure that the adjacent gear ratios are within the permitted range (within 1.8 times, and the highest gear ratio is required to be even smaller), a large number of gears are required. If the total transmission ratios of various electric drive machines are different, it will take a lot of manpower, material and physical resources to develop a special transmission with different total transmission ratios. The difficulty of development is quite high. Inspired by the fact that two gears with different gear ratios can be combined into different speed ratios, and different total transmission ratios can be obtained by changing multiple gear ratios and increasing the number of gear sets, can we use motors with different power and reducers with different speed ratios to form drive devices with different output power ratios, and use fewer drive devices to combine more grades of drive modes; by changing the power ratio of each motor to achieve a change similar to the total transmission ratio of the transmission, so as to design a drive system that can be applied to various electric drive machines? In short, how to simplify the structure of the electric drive system and reduce its cost while ensuring the power and economy of various electric drive machines is the future development trend of electric drive machines.

[0011] The electric drive machinery here includes various electric drive machinery that use electricity as driving force for aviation, aerospace, navigation, various weapons, various transportation vehicles, various engineering machinery, etc. Summary of the invention

[0012] In view of the above problems, the purpose of the present invention is to solve some of the problems in the prior art, or at least alleviate these problems.

[0013] The multi-motor, multi-scheme and multi-drive mode drive system includes:

[0014] At least two driving devices; the driving device includes a motor and a speed regulating device; the speed regulating device is matched with the motor one by one, its input end is connected to the motor, and its output end is used to connect to the working device to output driving force; the at least two driving devices include one A driving device and N auxiliary driving devices; wherein N is greater than or equal to 1;

[0015] A motor control device controls the at least two drive devices so that the drive devices can work in a controlled manner in coordination or independently to generate at least three drive modes;

[0016] In the driving mode, the output power proportion of the A driving device is between 575‰ and 666‰; the sum of the output power proportions of the N auxiliary driving devices is between 333‰ and 425‰; and the ratio of adjacent gears is less than or equal to 2 (times).

[0017] Optionally, the number N of the auxiliary drive devices is 1, which is the B drive device; the output power proportion of the A drive device is between 575‰ and 666‰; the output power proportion of the B drive device is between 333‰ and 425‰; the adjacent gear proportion ratio is between 1.35 and 2 (times); the total proportion ratio of the drive mode is between 2.35 and 3 (times).

[0018] Furthermore, the motor control device controls two driving devices to generate three driving modes; the first driving mode is that driving device A and driving device B work together, the second driving mode is that driving device A works alone, and the third driving mode is that driving device B works alone.

[0019] Optionally, the number N of the auxiliary drive devices is 2, including a B drive device and a C drive device; the output power proportion of the A drive device is between 593‰ and 666‰; the output power proportion of the B drive device is between 200‰ and 250‰; the output power proportion of the C drive device is between 111‰ and 166‰; the adjacent gear proportion ratio is between 1.42 and 2 (times); the total proportion ratio of the drive mode is between 4 and 9 (times).

[0020] Furthermore, the motor control device controls the three driving devices to generate five driving modes: the first-gear driving mode is that driving device A works in coordination with driving device B and driving device C; the second-gear driving mode is that driving device A works alone; the third-gear driving mode is that driving device B and driving device C work in coordination; the fourth-gear driving mode is that driving device B works alone; and the fifth-gear driving mode is that driving device C works alone.

[0021] Optionally, the number N of the auxiliary drive devices is 3, including a B drive device, a C drive device and a D drive device; the output power proportion of the A drive device is between 583‰ and 666‰; the output power proportion of the B drive device is between 218‰ and 243‰; the output power proportion of the C drive device is between 69‰ and 103‰; the output power proportion of the D drive device is between 37‰ and 71‰; the adjacent gear proportion ratio is between 1.39 and 2 (times); the total proportion ratio of the drive mode is between 10 and 27.02 (times).

[0022] Furthermore, the motor control device controls the four drive devices to generate seven drive modes; the first-gear drive mode is that drive device A works in conjunction with drive device B, drive device C, and drive device D; the second-gear drive mode is that drive device A works alone; the third-gear drive mode is that drive device B works in conjunction with drive device C and drive device D; the fourth-gear drive mode is that drive device B works alone; the fifth-gear drive mode is that drive device C works in conjunction with drive device D; the sixth-gear drive mode is that drive device C works alone; and the seventh-gear drive mode is that drive device D works alone.

[0023] An electric drive machine includes the multi-motor, multi-scheme, and multi-drive mode drive system; the electric drive machine includes various electric drive machines with a total driving mode ratio between 2.35 and 3 (times).

[0024] An electric drive machine, characterized in that it includes the multi-motor, multi-scheme and multi-drive mode drive system; the electric drive machine includes various electric drive machines with a total driving mode ratio between 4 and 9 (times).

[0025] An electric drive machine, characterized in that it includes the multi-motor, multi-scheme and multi-drive mode drive system; the electric drive machine includes various electric drive machines with a total driving mode ratio between 10 and 27.02 (times).

[0026] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0027] 1. The drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes is applied to various electric drive machinery. It has stronger power and can meet more complex working conditions. At the same time, based on the characteristics that multiple drive devices can work collaboratively or independently, considering the load of electric drive machinery, multiple levels of drive modes are proposed to make the electric drive machinery work more diverse, which can better improve the working efficiency of the motor, further improve the economy of the electric drive machinery, and can adapt to a variety of more complex working conditions.

[0028] 2. The arrangement of multiple groups of small motors with small torque and high speed can reduce the manufacturing cost of the motor; the use of multiple drive devices with different output power ratios can use fewer motors to combine into more grades of drive modes, further reducing the manufacturing cost of the motor and making the system simpler; the A drive device in the drive system of each drive device works in the medium and low speed range, the reducer speed ratio of the A drive device can be made as large as possible, the motor power can be made as small as possible, and a smaller power motor can be used to provide greater torque to meet the high torque requirements of working conditions such as car starting and climbing, further reducing the manufacturing cost of the motor; the N auxiliary drive devices are supplemented by medium and low speeds and mainly high speeds. The speed ratio of the speed regulator of the N auxiliary drive devices should be appropriately reduced, and the motor power should be appropriately increased to ensure that the vehicle has better acceleration performance and a higher maximum speed at high speeds.

[0029] 3. By adjusting the output power ratio of each drive device, the total ratio of each drive mode can be adjusted to form more drive modes with a total ratio between 2.35 and 27.02 (times), which can adapt to the torque requirements of various working conditions of various electric drive machines. Various electric drive machines do not need to be equipped with multi-speed transmissions, and can also achieve the same effect of using multi-speed transmissions. By reasonably arranging the work of each drive device in a time-sharing manner, the effect of evenly allocating the accumulated damage of each drive motor can be achieved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of a two-drive device drive system of Embodiment 1 of the utility model;

[0031] Figure 2 This is a structural diagram of a three-drive device drive system of Embodiment 2 of the present utility model;

[0032] Figure 3 This is a structural diagram of a four-drive device drive system of Embodiment 3 of the present utility model.

[0033] Among them: 1-A driving device; 2-auxiliary driving device; 3-speed regulating device; 4-motor control device; 5-working device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The present invention is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. The embodiments of the present invention are only used to illustrate the present invention rather than to limit the present invention. Without departing from the technical concept of the present invention, various substitutions and changes can be made based on common technical knowledge and customary means in the field, which should all be included in the scope of the present invention.

[0035] The multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system of the utility model can be combined into several drive modes with different total power ratios by adjusting the power output ratio of each drive device, and can be applied to various electric drive machines. There are so many types of electric drive machines that it is impossible to illustrate them one by one. The following specific implementation method will be illustrated by the most common electric vehicle.

[0036] Glossary:

[0037] Total power: refers to the sum of the output powers of all drive devices in the drive system of each drive device (expressed as 1000‰).

[0038] Total proportion ratio: refers to the ratio of the sum of the proportions of the drive device output power in the first gear drive mode in each drive mode (total power 1000‰) to the proportion of the drive device output power in the highest gear drive mode (similar to the total transmission ratio of the transmission; it can also be called the total mode ratio).

[0039] Adjacent gear ratio: refers to the ratio of the output power of the drive device of two adjacent gear driving modes in each driving mode (similar to the adjacent gear ratio of the transmission).

[0040] According to the specific conditions of various electric drive machines at work, in order to better match the various levels of each drive mode with various working conditions, the inventors put forward the following requirements for designing the drive mode level:

[0041] 1. The ratio of the highest-grade adjacent gears should be controlled as small as possible to that of the second-highest-grade adjacent gears;

[0042] 2. The ratio of the highest gear to the adjacent gear should be controlled within 1.45 (times) of the optimal value;

[0043] 3. The maximum ratio of adjacent gears in the high-end range should be controlled to be less than or equal to the maximum ratio of adjacent gears in the low-end range;

[0044] 4. The proportion of each adjacent file should be as even as possible;

[0045] 5. The ratio of adjacent gears must be controlled between 1.35 and 2 (times).

[0046] In the actual design of the drive mode level, it is necessary to comprehensively consider the actual situation and try to meet the design requirements of the above drive mode level by adjusting the output power ratio of each drive device. The two-drive device drive system has only two drive devices and no room for adjustment. When the total ratio of the drive mode remains unchanged, the output power ratio of each drive device is constant. For example, in a drive mode with a total ratio of 2.5 (times), the output power ratio of drive device B is 400‰, and the output power ratio of drive device A 1 must be 600‰, so the ratio of each adjacent level is also constant. As long as the ratio of adjacent levels is controlled between 1.35 and 2 (times), the drive mode level design requirements can be met; in the three-drive device drive system and the four-drive device drive system, some drive modes cannot meet all the design requirements at the same time. The output power ratio of each drive device can be adjusted to meet requirements 1 and 2 first, then requirement 3, then requirement 4, and finally requirement 5. Requirements 1 to 4 are met as much as possible in the above order under certain conditions, and requirement 5 must be met.

[0047] The driving mode in which the total output power of each driving mode is 1000‰ is defined as the first gear driving mode (or the lowest gear driving mode); the driving mode with the second highest output power ratio is defined as the second gear driving mode; and so on, the driving mode with the smallest output power ratio is defined as the highest gear driving mode; when the electric drive machinery is working, switching from a low-gear driving mode to a high-gear driving mode is defined as upshifting; switching from a high-gear driving mode to a low-gear driving mode is defined as downshifting.

[0048] In view of the problems existing in the prior art, the inventor has proposed a method of combining a number of drive devices with different output power ratios by using a smaller number of motors with small torque, high speed and different powers + speed regulating devices with different speed ratios. This method can utilize fewer drive devices to combine into more grades of drive modes, which can be applied to electric drive machinery. Without setting a transmission, the same effect as using a multi-speed electric transmission can be achieved. By adjusting the motor power of each drive device in the electric drive system, the output power ratio of each drive device can be changed, and a number of drive modes with a total ratio between 2.35 and 27.02 (times) can be designed to be applied to various electric drive machinery with different total ratios of drive modes. The specific scheme is as follows:

[0049] like Figure 1 As shown in 2 or 3, a multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system includes:

[0050] At least two drive devices; the drive device includes a motor and a speed regulating device 3; the speed regulating device 3 is matched with the motor one by one, its input end is connected to the motor, and its output end is used to connect to the working device 5 to output driving force; the at least two drive devices include a first drive device 1 and N auxiliary drive devices 2; wherein N is greater than or equal to 1;

[0051] The motor control device 4 controls the at least two driving devices so that the driving devices can work in a controlled manner in coordination or independently to generate at least three levels of driving modes;

[0052] In the driving mode, the output power proportion of the A driving device 1 is between 575‰ and 666‰; the sum of the output power proportions of the N auxiliary driving devices is between 333‰ and 425‰; and the adjacent gear proportion ratio is less than or equal to 2 (times).

[0053] Due to different uses, various electric drive machines require different torques in various working conditions, and the total ratio of the most matching drive mode is also different. For example, for electric drive machines such as electric two-wheelers, electric three-wheelers and electric cars, the total ratio of the drive mode is between 2.35 and 4 (times) for the best match; for electric light trucks, electric buses and other electric drive machines, the total ratio of the drive mode is between 5 and 8 (times) for the best match; for electric heavy trucks, off-road vehicles and other electric drive machines, the total ratio of the drive mode is between 8 and 12 times for the best match; for some special electric drive machines, the total ratio of the drive mode is between 20 and 27 times for the best match, and so on. The multi-motor, multi-scheme and multi-drive mode drive system of the utility model cooperates with each other through a two-drive device drive system, a three-drive device drive system and a four-drive device drive system, and adjusts the output power proportion of each drive device for combination. On the premise of ensuring that the proportion ratio of adjacent gears is controlled between 1.35 and 2 (times), it can provide several drive modes with a total proportion ratio between 2.35 and 27.02 (times). Various electric drive machines should choose the most suitable and matching drive mode with the best total proportion ratio according to their actual conditions, so as to meet the requirements of the motor to achieve high-efficiency operation under various working conditions and ensure the power and economy of various electric drive machines. The A drive device 1 works in the low-speed range, so the speed ratio of the speed regulating device of the A drive device 1 can be made as large as possible, and a smaller power motor can be used to provide a larger torque to meet the demand for low speed and large torque, thereby reducing the manufacturing cost; the working range of the N auxiliary drive devices 2 is low speed as an auxiliary (assisting the A drive device 1 at low speed) and medium and high speed as the main speed. The speed ratio of the speed regulating device 3 of the N auxiliary drive devices 2 should be appropriately reduced, and the motor power should be appropriately increased to ensure that the vehicle has better acceleration performance at medium and high speeds and has the purpose of a higher vehicle speed.

[0054] A drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes, such as Figure 1As shown in Figures 2 or 3, the first drive device 1 and the auxiliary drive device 2 are both composed of a motor and a speed regulating device 3, and are controlled by a motor control device 4 to work in coordination or independently. The output end of the drive device is connected to a working device 5 to output driving force.

[0055] The motor control device 4 includes a single motor controller or a dual motor controller, etc., which can control the opening and closing of multiple drive devices according to the torque required by the electric drive machinery, so that they can work together or individually, thereby realizing the switching of multiple drive modes. The motor controller controls one or more drive devices separately through strategies, and it can use dual motor controllers and single motor controllers for corresponding control according to the number of drive devices. Using an appropriate number of dual motor controllers and single motor controllers in combination according to the number of drive devices can reduce the manufacturing cost of the motor controller.

[0056] The speed regulating device 3 can be a speed increaser, a speed reducer, a motor speed reducer, a dual motor speed reducer, a multi-motor speed reducer, etc., and its input shaft is connected to the motor shaft in a one-to-one correspondence, and its output shaft is connected to the input shaft of the working device 5. The power output by the motor is regulated by the speed regulating device 3 to drive the working device 5 to do work.

[0057] The working device 5 includes running wheels of a car, propellers of an airplane, working parts of an electric drive machine, and the like.

[0058] The number N of the auxiliary drive devices 2 can be between 1 and 3, and thus, together with the first drive device 1, a two-drive device drive system, a three-drive device drive system, and a four-drive device drive system are formed, corresponding to the following embodiments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. In the following embodiments 1, 2, and 3, in order to more clearly illustrate the combination and matching scheme of each drive mode, each embodiment is listed in a figure, and each figure includes but is not limited to the implementation method of each level of drive mode. In each figure:

[0059] A ratio: is the abbreviation of the output power ratio of A drive unit; B ratio: is the abbreviation of the output power ratio of B drive unit; C ratio: is the abbreviation of the output power ratio of C drive unit; D ratio: is the abbreviation of the output power ratio of D drive unit; A, B, C, and D: are the abbreviations of A drive unit 1, B drive unit, C drive unit and D drive unit, such as A represents A drive unit 1; in the adjacent gear ratio column, ① to ⑦ represent the drive mode levels, and 1.5 represents the adjacent gear ratio; such as ①②1.5: means that the output power ratio of the first gear and the second gear (adjacent gears) is 1.5 (times).

[0060] In addition, in the last scheme of each figure, some values, such as A's proportion of 666‰ and B's proportion of 333‰, should be followed by decimals. For example, 666‰ should actually be 666.666‰; due to writing reasons, the decimals have been omitted, so the sum of 666‰ and 333‰ should still be read as 1000‰; at the same time, the ratio of adjacent grades and the total ratio only retain two decimal places, which is hereby explained.

[0061] Embodiment 1: Two-drive device drive system

[0062] like Figure 1 As shown, the number N of the auxiliary drive devices 2 is 1, which is a B drive device; the output power ratio of the A drive device 1 is between 575‰ and 666‰; the output power ratio of the B drive device is between 333‰ and 425‰; the adjacent gear ratio is between 1.35 and 2 (times); the total ratio of the several drive modes is between 2.35 and 3 (times).

[0063] The motor control device 4 controls the two driving devices to generate three levels of driving modes: the first driving mode is that the A driving device 1 and the B driving device work together; the second driving mode is that the A driving device 1 works alone; the third driving mode is that the B driving device works alone.

[0064] The two-drive system can be combined into several drive modes with a total ratio of 2.35 to 3 (times), based on the premise that the output power ratio of drive device A 1 is between 575‰ and 666‰, and the output power ratio of drive device B is between 333‰ and 425‰, and the ratio of adjacent gears is controlled between 1.35 and 2 (times). Nine drive mode combination schemes are specifically designed, see Table 1.

[0065] Table 1 shows nine driving mode combinations of the two-drive device driving system.

[0066]

[0067] Table 1

[0068] As shown in Table 1: In the first scheme, the output power ratio of drive device A 1 is 575‰, and the output power ratio of drive device B is 425‰. The output power ratio of drive device A 1 is 1.35 times that of drive device B, which results in the adjacent gear ratio of the second gear drive mode and the third gear drive mode being 1.35 (times), which just meets the design requirements of the adjacent gear ratio of the drive mode level. Therefore, the output power ratios of drive device A 1 and drive device B of the two-drive drive system are designed from 575‰ and 425‰ respectively, and the total ratio is 2.35 (times); as shown in the ninth scheme of Table 1, the output power ratio of drive device A 1 is twice that of drive device B, which results in the adjacent gear ratio of the second gear drive mode and the third gear drive mode being 2 (times), which just meets the requirement that the allowable range of the adjacent gear ratio is less than or equal to 2 (times), and the total ratio is 3 (times). According to the above data, the driving modes of the two-drive device driving system can only be combined into several driving modes with a total ratio between 2.35 and 3 (times), under the premise of ensuring that the ratio of adjacent gears is controlled within the allowable range of 1.35 to 2 (times).

[0069] Embodiment 1 The speed ratio of the speed regulator of each driving device can be designed by two methods:

[0070] Design method 1: The speed ratio of the reducer of drive device A 1 and drive device B are appropriately reduced, the motor power is appropriately increased, and the three gear drive modes can be used as high-speed drive modes. Drive device A 1 and drive device B can work under all working conditions. The output power ratio of drive device B can be configured to be smaller (the backup power is left smaller). On a well-level road surface, the highest gear can be used for constant speed driving to save energy. When encountering full acceleration, climbing the highest speed and other working conditions, the output power ratio of the drive device can be increased by downshifting, and the backup power can be increased to ensure the power of the vehicle. The five drive modes of the fifth to ninth schemes in Table 1 are preferred.

[0071] Design method 2: The speed ratio of the reducer of the first drive device 1 is as large as possible, and the motor power is as small as possible. The first and second gear drive modes are defined as low-speed gear drive modes. The first drive device 1 can use a smaller power motor to provide greater torque for the car starting and climbing conditions; the speed ratio of the reducer of the second drive device is appropriately small, and the motor power is appropriately large. The third gear drive mode is defined as a high-speed gear drive mode. The second drive device has a wider speed regulation range at high speed, which makes the maximum speed of the vehicle higher. The first gear drive mode works when the car starts and climbs, etc.; the second gear drive mode works when the car is running at medium speed; and the third gear drive mode works when the car is running at high speed. This method 2 When the car is running at medium and low speed, it can work in the first gear drive mode or the second gear drive mode according to the actual situation of the torque demand of the working condition at that time. When driving at high speed, it can only work in the third gear drive mode. The output power ratio of the second drive device is required to be larger (the backup power is left larger), and the five schemes from scheme 1 to scheme 5 in Table 1 are preferred. The advantage of the second method is that the output power of drive device A 1 accounts for a relatively small proportion and it works in the medium and low speed range, so the speed ratio of the reducer can be made as large as possible, the motor power can be configured to be smaller, and the cost is saved.

[0072] The two-drive device drive system is suitable for various electric drive machines including two-wheeled electric vehicles, three-wheeled electric vehicles and electric cars, etc., which do not require too many drive mode gears and the total proportion ratio of the drive modes is between 2.35 and 3 (times).

[0073] Embodiment 2: Three-drive device drive system

[0074] like Figure 2 As shown, the number N of the auxiliary drive devices 2 is 2, including the B drive device and the C drive device; the output power proportion of the A drive device 1 is between 593‰ and 666‰; the output power proportion of the B drive device is between 200‰ and 250‰; the output power proportion of the C drive device is between 111‰ and 166‰; the adjacent gear proportion ratio is between 1.42 and 2 (times); the total proportion ratio of the drive mode is between 4 and 9 (times).

[0075] The motor control device 4 controls the three driving devices to generate five driving modes: the first driving mode is that the A driving device 1 works in coordination with the B driving device and the C driving device; the second driving mode is that the A driving device 1 works alone; the third driving mode is that the B driving device and the C driving device work in coordination; the fourth driving mode is that the B driving device works alone; and the fifth driving mode is that the C driving device works alone.

[0076] The three-drive device drive system, based on the output power ratio of drive device A 1 being between 593‰ and 66‰; the output power ratio of drive device B being between 200‰ and 250‰; the output power ratio of drive device C being between 111‰ and 166‰; under the premise that the ratio of adjacent gears is controlled between 1.42 and 2 (times), it can be combined into several drive modes with a total ratio of 4 to 9 (times), and a specific combination of six drive modes is designed (see Table 2).

[0077] Table 2 shows the combination scheme of the six driving modes of the three-drive device drive system.

[0078]

[0079] Table 2

[0080] The two-drive device drive system can provide a driving mode with a total ratio of 3 (times) at most. The three-drive device drive system starts with a driving mode with a total ratio of 4 (times). As shown in Table 2, the total ratio of the driving modes of Scheme 1 and Scheme 2 (smaller) is suitable for designing into 4-grade driving modes. The driving modes of these two schemes are based on the highest-grade driving mode of the B drive device working alone; Schemes 3 to 6 can design 5-grade driving modes; in Scheme 6, the output power ratio of the A drive device 1 is 2 times the sum of the output power ratios of the N auxiliary drive devices; the output power ratio of the B drive device is 2 times the output power ratio of the C drive device, which results in the adjacent gear ratios of the ②③ and ④⑤ driving modes of Scheme 6 being 2 (times); the total ratio of the driving mode is 9 (times). According to the above data, the three-drive device drive system can be combined into a driving mode with a total ratio of 4 to 9 (times) by adjusting the output power ratios of the three drive devices, while ensuring that the adjacent gear ratios are controlled between 1.42 and 2 (times).

[0081] For the three-drive system, Scheme 3 and Scheme 4 meet all the requirements of the drive mode level design; the ratio of adjacent levels of the drive modes of the other schemes is controlled between 1.48 and 2 (design requirements 1 to 4 are partially met, and some are met as much as possible). It fully meets the requirements of the drive mode level design, and the effect is particularly obvious.

[0082] The three-drive system, drive device A 1 works in the low-speed range, and the first and second gear driving modes are defined as low-speed gear driving modes. The speed ratio of the speed regulator of drive device A 1 should be as large as possible, and the motor power should be as small as possible, so that a smaller power motor can be used to provide a larger torque to ensure the large torque requirements of vehicle starting and climbing conditions; drive device B and drive device C work under all working conditions, and the third to fifth gears are defined as high-speed gear driving modes. The speed ratio of the speed regulator of drive device B and drive device C should be appropriately reduced, and the motor power should be appropriately increased to ensure that the vehicle has better acceleration performance and a higher maximum speed at medium and high speeds.

[0083] The three-drive device drive system is suitable for various electric drive machines including electric buses, electric light trucks, electric ships, electric airplanes, etc., which require 4 to 5 levels and a total ratio of 4 to 9 (times) of drive modes.

[0084] Embodiment 3: Four-drive device drive system

[0085] like Figure 3 As shown, the number N of the auxiliary drive devices 2 is 3, including a B drive device, a C drive device and a D drive device; the output power proportion of the A drive device 1 is between 583‰ and 666‰; the output power proportion of the B drive device is between 218‰ and 243‰; the output power proportion of the C drive device is between 69‰ and 103‰; the output power proportion of the D drive device is between 37‰ and 71‰; the adjacent gear proportion ratio is between 1.39 and 2 (times); the total proportion ratio of the drive mode is between 10 and 27.02 (times).

[0086] The motor control device 4 controls the four drive devices to generate seven levels of drive modes: the first-level drive mode is that the A drive device 1 works in coordination with the B drive device, the C drive device, and the D drive device; the second-level drive mode is that the A drive device 1 works alone; the third-level drive mode is that the B drive device works in coordination with the C drive device and the D drive device; the fourth-level drive mode is that the B drive device works alone; the fifth-level drive mode is that the C drive device works in coordination with the D drive device; the sixth-level drive mode is that the C drive device works alone; and the seventh-level drive mode is that the D drive device works alone.

[0087] The four-drive system, based on the output power ratio of drive device A 1 being between 583‰ and 666‰; the output power ratio of drive device B being between 218‰ and 243‰; the output power ratio of drive device C being between 69‰ and 103‰; the output power ratio of drive device D being between 37‰ and 71‰; on the premise that the ratio of adjacent gears is controlled between 1.39 and 2 (times), it can be combined into several drive modes with a total ratio between 10 and 27.02 (times), and a specific combination of eighteen drive modes is designed (see Table 3 and Table 4).

[0088] Table 3 shows the combination scheme of the first nine driving modes of the four-drive device drive system.

[0089]

[0090] Table 3

[0091] Table 4 shows the combination scheme of the last nine driving modes of the four-drive device drive system.

[0092]

[0093] Table 4

[0094] The three-drive system can only provide a driving mode with a total ratio of 4 to 9 (times). The four-drive system starts with a driving mode with a total ratio of 10 (times). As shown in Tables 3 and 4, the total ratios (smaller) of Schemes 1 to 4 are suitable for combining into six levels of driving modes, and the highest-level driving mode is that the C drive works alone; Schemes 5 to 18 are suitable for combining into seven levels of driving modes; in Scheme 18, the output power ratio of the A drive 1 is twice the sum of the output power ratios of the N auxiliary drive devices; the output power ratio of the B drive is twice the sum of the output power ratios of the C drive and the D drive; the output power ratio of the C drive is twice the output power ratio of the D drive. This results in the ratio of the adjacent gears of the ②③, ④⑤ and ⑥⑦ drive modes being 2 (times), and the total ratio being 27.02 (times). According to the previous data, under the premise of ensuring that the ratio of adjacent gears is controlled between 1.39 and 2 (times), the four-wheel drive system can be combined into a driving mode with a total ratio of 10 to 27.02 (times).

[0095] For the four-drive device drive system, the nine drive modes of schemes one, two, five to eleven can meet all the requirements of the drive mode grade design; as the total proportion of the drive modes continues to increase, the proportion ratio of adjacent gears of the drive modes of the other schemes is controlled between 1.5 and 2 (times) (part of the design requirements 1 to 4 are met, and part are met as much as possible), which fully meets the drive mode grade design requirements, and the effect is particularly obvious.

[0096] In the four-drive device drive system, the A drive device 1 works in the low-speed range, and the first and second gear driving modes are defined as the low-speed gear driving mode. The speed ratio of the speed regulator of the A drive device 1 can be as large as possible, and the motor power can be appropriately reduced, so that a smaller power motor can provide a larger torque to meet the large torque requirements such as starting and climbing the hill of the car; the B drive device works in the medium-low speed range, and the third and fourth gear driving modes are defined as the medium-speed gear driving mode. The speed ratio of the speed regulator of the B drive device should be moderate, which is smaller than the speed regulator ratio of the A drive device 1 and larger than the speed regulator ratio of the C drive device and the D drive device, so that the cost can be controlled and the working conditions can be met; the C drive device and the D drive device are mainly high-speed with medium-low speed as the auxiliary (assisting the A and B drive devices at medium-low speed), and the fifth to seventh gear driving modes are defined as high-speed gear driving modes. The speed ratio of the speed regulator of the C drive device and the D drive device should be appropriately smaller, and the motor power should be appropriately larger to ensure that the vehicle has better acceleration performance and a higher maximum speed at high speed.

[0097] The four-drive device drive system is suitable for electric heavy trucks, electric off-road vehicles and special electric drive machinery, etc. It requires 6 to 7 levels of drive modes and a total driving mode ratio of 10 to 27.02 (times) for various electric drive machinery.

[0098] The multiple drive modes of the multi-motor, multi-scheme, and multi-drive mode drive system can also optimize kinetic energy recovery. When the vehicle accelerates, the multiple drive modes are multiple forward gears, and when braking and deceleration are required, the multiple kinetic energy recovery gears are multiple. When recovering kinetic energy, the first gear becomes the first kinetic energy recovery gear; the second gear becomes the second kinetic energy recovery gear, and so on, the seventh gear becomes the seventh kinetic energy recovery gear. The most matching kinetic energy recovery gear can be selected according to the braking force requirements. If the braking force required in certain working conditions is strong, kinetic energy recovery braking can be performed from weak to strong. For example, the five kinetic energy recovery gears of the three-drive device drive system are applied to trucks. When the truck is fully loaded and going down a steep slope at the top of the slope, it can switch to the 5th kinetic energy recovery gear. If the vehicle speed is fast after going downhill, it can be switched to the 3rd kinetic energy recovery gear. After driving a certain distance, if the vehicle speed is still fast, it can be switched to the 1st kinetic energy recovery gear. After continuing to drive a certain distance, the vehicle speed is still fast, and the braking and kinetic energy recovery dual braking can be entered to ensure driving safety. By gradually changing from weak to strong, the purpose of ensuring the smoothness of the car and better kinetic energy recovery effect can be achieved.

[0099] In the drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes, most of the drive modes have 2 to 3 gears that belong to the high-speed gear drive mode (only the reducer design method 2 of the two-drive drive system has only one high-speed gear). When most electric drive machines select the drive mode, they can appropriately select a larger total proportion and adjust the proportion of the adjacent gears of the highest gear to a smaller proportion. In this way, the output power of the highest gear drive device accounts for a smaller proportion. From a theoretical analysis alone, it can be seen that this reduces the backup power and the power. However, this does not mean that the acceleration, climbing ability and maximum speed of the car will definitely decrease, because on a well-level road surface, the highest gear can be used to drive at a constant speed to save energy; when encountering full acceleration, climbing and maximum speed conditions, the output power proportion of the drive device can be increased by downshifting to increase the backup power. In this way, the purpose of maximizing energy saving and ensuring power can be achieved.

[0100] The total proportion ratio of each driving mode of each drive system of each drive device is different, which is between 2.35 and 3 (times) for the two-drive system; between 4 and 9 (times) for the three-drive system; and between 10 and 27.02 (times) for the four-drive system. All driving modes of the three-drive system can achieve full coverage of the total proportion ratio from 2.35 to 27.02 (times). Various electric drive machines can choose a driving mode with a suitable total proportion ratio according to their actual conditions. According to the output power ratio of each drive device in the selected driving mode, a reducer with a corresponding speed ratio and a motor with a corresponding power can be equipped to combine multiple driving mode grades of the cost driving mode. The output power ratio of each drive device can be adjusted appropriately, and the power of the motor and the speed ratio of the reducer can be customized by the manufacturer. By appropriately adjusting the motor power and the speed ratio of the reducer, the output power ratio of each drive device can be met, so that each driving mode grade of this driving mode can achieve the desired effect. The drive mode level can be switched in time according to the needs of various working conditions of each electric drive machine. While meeting the power of the electric drive machine, each motor can be guaranteed to work in the high efficiency zone, reducing the power loss of the drive motor and improving the efficiency of the electric drive system. In addition, by reasonably arranging each drive motor to work in time, the effect of evenly sharing the cumulative damage of each drive motor can be achieved, and the failure rate of the drive motor can be reduced. The motor power can be reduced by increasing the speed ratio of a part of the reducer, and the motor power can be appropriately increased by decreasing the speed ratio of another part of the reducer. One increase and one decrease offset each other, and the sum of the power of multiple motors in each drive device drive system is almost the same as the motor power of the same electric drive machine with a single reduction ratio + a single motor. Multiple drive devices with different output power ratios are formed by multiple motors with different power + reducers with different speed ratios. Multiple drive devices work in coordination or separately, and fewer motors can be used to combine into more grades of drive modes. When applied to various electric drive machines, the same effect as using a multi-speed transmission can be achieved.

[0101] The drive device drive systems of the first, second and third embodiments can all be applied to vehicles using wheel-side motors and / or wheel hub motors, specifically:

[0102] All driving modes of the two-drive device drive system can be applied to a two-axle four-wheel drive vehicle using wheel-side motors or / and hub motors. The front and rear axles of the vehicle are each equipped with two drive devices consisting of wheel-side motors or / and hub motors and a speed regulating device 3, including A1 drive device, A2 drive device, B1 drive device and B2 drive device, a total of four drive devices, the output power ratio of A1 drive device and A2 drive device is each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of A drive device 1 of the two-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces A drive device 1 to work; the output power ratio of B1 drive device and B2 drive device is each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of B drive device of the two-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces B drive device to work.

[0103] Each driving mode of the three-drive device drive system can be applied to a two-axle four-wheel drive vehicle using wheel-side motors or / and wheel hub motors. The front and rear axles are each equipped with two wheel-side or / and wheel hub motors and a speed regulating device 3 consisting of a driving device including A1 driving device, A2 driving device, B1 driving device and B2 driving device. The rear axle is also equipped with C driving device, for a total of five driving devices. The output power ratios of A1 driving device and A2 driving device are each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of A driving device 1 of the three-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces A driving device 1; the output power ratios of B1 driving device and B2 driving device are each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of B driving device of the three-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces B driving device; the output power ratio and working condition of C driving device are the same as those of C driving device of the three-drive device drive system.

[0104] Each driving mode of the three-drive device drive system can also be applied to three-axle and six-wheel-drive vehicles with three or more axles using wheel-side motors or / and wheel hub motors. Each of the three axles of the vehicle is equipped with a driving device consisting of two wheel-side or / and wheel hub motors and a speed regulating device 3, including A1 driving device, A2 driving device, B1 driving device, B2 driving device, C1 driving device and C2 driving device, a total of six driving devices, the output power proportion of A1 driving device and A2 driving device is each 1 / 2 of the output power proportion of A driving device 1 of the three-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces A driving device 1 to work; the output power proportion of B1 driving device and B2 driving device of another bridge is each 1 / 2 of the output power proportion of B driving device of the three-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces B driving device to work; the output power proportion of C1 driving device and C2 driving device of the last bridge is each 1 / 2 of the output power proportion of C driving device of the three-drive device drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces C driving device to work.

[0105] The first few drive modes of the four-drive device drive system (the specific drive mode with the best matching total proportion ratio should be selected according to the actual situation) are suitable for four-axle and four-axle or more eight-wheel drive vehicles using wheel-side motors or / and hub motors. Each of the four axles of the vehicle is equipped with a drive device consisting of two wheel-side motors or / and hub motors and a speed regulating device 3, including A1 drive device, A2 drive device, B1 drive device, B2 drive device, C1 drive device, C2 drive device, D1 drive device and D2 drive device, a total of eight drive devices. The output power ratios of the A1 drive unit and the A2 drive unit of one of the bridges are each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of the A drive unit 1 of the four-drive drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces the A drive unit 1; the output power ratios of the B1 drive unit and the B2 drive unit of another bridge are each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of the B drive unit of the four-drive drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces the B drive unit; the output power ratios of the C1 drive unit and the C2 drive unit of another bridge are each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of the C drive unit of the four-drive drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces the C drive unit; the output power ratios of the D1 drive unit and the D2 drive unit of the last bridge are each 1 / 2 of the output power ratio of the D drive unit of the four-drive drive system, and each level of driving mode replaces the D drive unit.

[0106] Vehicles using wheel-side motors and / or hub motors can select the driving mode with the most appropriate total ratio according to their actual situation, and the speed ratio of the speed regulating device 3 of each driving device can be designed according to the corresponding design schemes in embodiments one, two, and three.

[0107] An electric drive machine includes a drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes as described in each embodiment; the electric drive machine includes various electric drive machines using electricity as driving force, such as aviation, aerospace, navigation, various weapons, various transportation vehicles, various engineering machinery, etc., with a total driving mode ratio of 2.35 to 27.02 (times).

[0108] Numerous specific details are described in the description provided herein; however, it is understood that embodiments of the present invention may be practiced without these specific details, and in some embodiments, well-known methods, structures, and techniques are not shown in detail in order not to obscure the understanding of this description.

[0109] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it; regardless of the detailed description of the utility model with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in the field should understand that within the spirit and principles of the utility model, it is still possible to modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or to replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents; and these modifications or replacements do not cause the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. A drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes. It is characterized in that include: At least two drive devices; the drive devices include a motor and a speed regulating device (3); the speed regulating device (3) is matched with the motor on a one-to-one basis, an input end of the speed regulating device (3) is connected to the motor, and an output end of the speed regulating device (3) is connected to a working device (5) to output a driving force; the at least two drive devices include one A drive device (1) and N auxiliary drive devices (2); wherein N is greater than or equal to 1; A motor control device (4) controls the at least two drive devices so that the drive devices can work in a controlled manner in coordination or independently to generate at least three levels of drive modes; In the driving mode, the output power proportion of the A driving device (1) is between 575‰ and 666‰; the sum of the output power proportions of the N auxiliary driving devices is between 333‰ and 425‰; and the proportion ratio of adjacent gears is less than or equal to 2 times.

2. The multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The number N of the auxiliary drive devices (2) is 1, which is a B drive device; the output power ratio of the A drive device (1) is between 575‰ and 666‰; the output power ratio of the B drive device is between 333‰ and 425‰; the adjacent gear ratio is between 1.35 and 2 times; and the total ratio of the drive mode is between 2.35 and 3 times.

3. The multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system according to claim 2, It is characterized in that The motor control device (4) controls the two drive devices to generate three drive modes; the first drive mode is that the A drive device (1) and the B drive device work in coordination, the second drive mode is that the A drive device (1) works alone, and the third drive mode is that the B drive device works alone.

4. The multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The number N of the auxiliary drive devices (2) is 2, including a B drive device and a C drive device; the output power ratio of the A drive device (1) is between 593‰ and 666‰; the output power ratio of the B drive device is between 200‰ and 250‰; the output power ratio of the C drive device is between 111‰ and 166‰; the adjacent gear ratio is between 1.42 and 2 times; the total ratio of the drive mode is between 4 and 9 times.

5. The multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system according to claim 4, It is characterized in that The motor control device (4) controls the three drive devices to generate five drive modes: the first drive mode is that the A drive device (1) works in coordination with the B drive device and the C drive device; the second drive mode is that the A drive device (1) works alone; the third drive mode is that the B drive device and the C drive device work in coordination; the fourth drive mode is that the B drive device works alone; and the fifth drive mode is that the C drive device works alone.

6. The multi-motor multi-scheme multi-drive mode drive system according to claim 1, It is characterized in that The number N of the auxiliary drive devices (2) is 3, including a B drive device, a C drive device and a D drive device; the output power ratio of the A drive device (1) is between 583‰ and 666‰; the output power ratio of the B drive device is between 218‰ and 243‰; the output power ratio of the C drive device is between 69‰ and 103‰; the output power ratio of the D drive device is between 37‰ and 71‰; the adjacent gear ratio is between 1.39 and 2 times; the total ratio of the driving modes is between 10 and 27.02 times.

7. The multi-motor, multi-scheme, multi-drive mode drive system according to claim 6, It is characterized in that The motor control device (4) controls the four drive devices to generate seven drive modes: the first drive mode is that the A drive device (1) works in coordination with the B drive device, the C drive device, and the D drive device; the second drive mode is that the A drive device (1) works alone; the third drive mode is that the B drive device works in coordination with the C drive device and the D drive device; the fourth drive mode is that the B drive device works alone; and the fifth drive mode is that the C drive device works in coordination with the D drive device; The sixth gear driving mode is that the C driving device works alone; the seventh gear driving mode is that the D driving device works alone.

8. An electrically driven machine, It is characterized in that A drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes comprising the method described in any one of claims 1 to 3; the electric drive machinery comprising various electric drive machinery having a total driving mode ratio between 2.35 and 3 times.

9. An electrically driven machine, It is characterized in that A drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes comprising the above-mentioned claims 1, 4 and 5; the electric drive machinery comprising various electric drive machinery having a total driving mode ratio between 4 and 9 times.

10. An electric drive machine, It is characterized in that A drive system with multiple motors, multiple schemes and multiple drive modes comprising the above-described claims 1, 6 and 7; the electric drive machinery comprising various electric drive machinery having a total driving mode ratio between 10 and 27.02 times.

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