Selective laser melting additive device for multiple metal materials in single powder feeding cylinder

Abstract

The utility model discloses selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder, which comprises a main box body, a middle partition plate is fixed in the middle of the main box body, and the main box body is divided into a powder feeding cavity at the left part and a powder collecting cavity at the right part by the middle partition plate; an electric heating plate is fixed on a lifting plate in a powder collecting cavity of the powder adding device, a placing bottom plate placed on the electric heating plate can be preheated, the bonding strength of melting additive materials between different metal materials is improved, the problem that interfaces of the different metal materials are prone to cracking is solved, a sealing layer is flush with the top face of a motor hot plate, and the sealing effect is good. The top face of the sealing layer of the powder feeding cavity is flush with the top face of the corresponding lifting plate, it can be guaranteed that powder cannot be embedded between the lifting plate and the inner side wall of the powder collecting cavity or the powder feeding cavity, and follow-up cleaning is convenient.

Description

Technical field:

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of additive manufacturing, and more specifically to additive equipment for selective laser melting of multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder. Background technology:

[0002] Compared with traditional processing technology, additive manufacturing has the following advantages: diverse molding materials, complex parts shapes and structures, high material utilization, and the ability to achieve integrated design and manufacturing. Additive manufacturing is suitable for rapid prototyping, small batch and special parts processing, and rapid mold and tool manufacturing. However, a major disadvantage of existing additive manufacturing technology is that it can only print parts made of a single material;

[0003] However, many existing industrial parts require different mechanical and physical properties at different vertical heights, such as heat exchanger parts that require a combination of aluminum alloy and copper alloy in the automotive field, gas turbine blade parts that require a combination of nickel-based superalloy and titanium alloy in the aerospace field, flow channel parts that require a combination of cobalt alloy and alloy steel in the oil and gas field, and mold parts that require a combination of different alloy steel materials in the high-pressure die-casting process. The traditional processing process is to weld multi-alloy parts using a fusion welding process, but its disadvantage is that the heat-affected zone of the interface welding of different alloys is prone to cracking and has low mechanical properties. Therefore, an additive manufacturing method that can print multiple materials in a single powder feeding cylinder and ensure that no cracks are generated is needed.

[0004] At the same time, in the existing additive manufacturing equipment, the bottom plate of the laser melting additive part generally does not have a heating structure. Therefore, different metal materials are prone to cracks at the interface due to differences in strength, hardness and chemical composition. At the same time, there is a gap between the side wall of the existing lifting plate and the inner wall of the cavity, which generally requires a sealing layer for sealing. However, there is still a gap between the sealing layer and the top surface of the lifting plate. At this time, it is easy for some powder to be embedded in this gap, which makes subsequent cleaning troublesome. Utility model content:

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to address the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a multi-metal material selective laser melting additive device in a single powder feeding cylinder. An electric heating plate is fixed on the lifting plate in its powder collecting chamber to preheat the placement bottom plate placed on the electric heating plate, thereby improving the bonding strength of the melted additives between different metal materials and solving the problem of easy cracking at the interface of different metal materials. Moreover, its sealing layer is flush with the top surface of the motor hot plate, and the top surface of the sealing layer of the powder feeding chamber is flush with the top surface of the corresponding lifting plate, which can ensure that the powder will not be embedded between the lifting plate and the inner wall of the powder collecting chamber or the powder feeding chamber, making subsequent cleaning convenient.

[0006] The technical solutions of the utility model are as follows:

[0007] A multi-metal material selective laser melting additive device in a single powder feeding cylinder, comprising a main box, a middle partition plate is fixed in the middle of the main box, and the middle partition plate divides the main box into a powder feeding chamber on the left and a powder collecting chamber on the right;

[0008] The lower part of the powder feeding chamber and the middle part of the powder collecting chamber are both fixed with an intermediate horizontal plate, the lower part of the powder feeding chamber and the lower part of the powder collecting chamber are both fixed with a lower horizontal plate, the side wall of the lower horizontal plate is fixed on the lower inner side wall of the corresponding powder feeding chamber or the powder collecting chamber, the bottom surface of the lower horizontal plate of the powder feeding chamber is fixed with a feeding motor, the bottom surface of the lower horizontal plate of the powder collecting chamber is fixed with a collecting motor, the top ends of the output shafts of the feeding motor and the collecting motor extend out of the top surface of the corresponding lower horizontal plate and are connected with a vertical screw sleeve through a coupling, the vertical lifting screw is screwed into the internal thread of the vertical screw sleeve, the top end of the vertical lifting screw extends out of the top end of the vertical screw sleeve and extends out of the middle through hole of the corresponding intermediate horizontal plate and is fixed with a lifting plate, and the side wall of the lifting plate is close to the inner side wall of the powder feeding chamber or the powder collecting chamber;

[0009] Multiple layers of metal powders of different materials are laid above the lifting plate of the powder feeding chamber;

[0010] A powder spreading and pushing device is provided above the main box body.

[0011] An electric heating plate is fixed on the top surface of the lifting plate at the powder collecting chamber, and a placement bottom plate for laser melting manufacturing is placed on the top surface of the electric heating plate.

[0012] The powder spreading and pushing device comprises side fixing plates fixed to the front and rear parts of the top surface of the main box body, and the outer side walls of the two side fixing plates are fixed with lateral moving mechanisms;

[0013] The moving blocks of the two lateral moving mechanisms are inserted into the left and right extending guide lateral through grooves formed in the middle of the corresponding side fixed plates. The opposite ends of the two moving blocks extend out of the side walls of the corresponding guide lateral through grooves and are fixed to the front and rear side plates of the drum shell frame. A powder spreading roller is movably connected to the drum shell frame through a bearing. The bottom surface of the powder spreading roller extends out of the bottom surface of the drum shell frame and corresponds to the top surface of the main box body.

[0014] A scraper extending forward and backward is fixed on the inner side wall of the right side wall of the drum shell frame, the bottom of the scraper extends out of the bottom surface of the drum shell frame, and the bottom surface of the scraper is flush with the top surface of the main box body. The scraper can first brake the powder from the powder delivery chamber to the powder collection chamber, which is convenient for processing.

[0015] The top and bottom surfaces of the guide transverse through groove are both fixed with self-lubricating wear-resistant layers, and the moving block is a cylindrical block, and its top and bottom ends are in contact with the corresponding self-lubricating wear-resistant layers.

[0016] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0017] 1. An electric heating plate is fixed on the lifting plate in the powder collecting chamber to preheat the bottom plate placed on the electric heating plate, thereby improving the bonding strength of different metal materials during melting and adding materials, and solving the problem of easy cracking at the interface of different metal materials;

[0018] 2. Its sealing layer is flush with the top surface of the motor hot plate, and the top surface of the sealing layer of the powder delivery chamber is flush with the top surface of the corresponding lifting plate, which can ensure that the powder will not be embedded between the lifting plate and the inner wall of the powder collecting chamber or the powder delivery chamber, making subsequent cleaning convenient. Description of the drawings:

[0019] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the utility model;

[0020] Figure 2 It is a partial enlarged view of the utility model;

[0021] Figure 3 It is a partial enlarged view of another part of the utility model;

[0022] Figure 4 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure at the side fixing plate;

[0023] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the local structure of the lateral movement mechanism. Specific implementation method:

[0024] Example: See Figures 1 to 5 As shown, a multi-metal material selective laser melting additive device in a single powder feeding cylinder includes a main box 10, a middle partition plate 11 is fixed in the middle of the main box 10, and the middle partition plate 11 divides the main box 10 into a powder feeding chamber 12 on the left and a powder collecting chamber 13 on the right;

[0025] The lower part of the powder feeding chamber 12 and the middle part of the powder collecting chamber 13 are both fixed with an intermediate horizontal plate 14, the lower part of the powder feeding chamber 12 and the lower part of the powder collecting chamber 13 are both fixed with a lower horizontal plate 15, the side wall of the lower horizontal plate 15 is fixed on the lower inner wall of the corresponding powder feeding chamber 12 or the powder collecting chamber 13, the bottom surface of the lower horizontal plate 15 of the powder feeding chamber 12 is fixed with a feeding motor 16, the bottom surface of the lower horizontal plate 15 of the powder collecting chamber 13 is fixed with a collecting motor 17, the feeding motor 1 6 and the top of the output shaft of the collecting motor 17 extend out of the top surface of the corresponding lower horizontal plate 15 and are connected to a vertical screw sleeve 151 through a coupling, a vertical lifting screw 152 is screwed into the internal thread of the vertical screw sleeve 151, and the top of the vertical lifting screw 152 extends out of the top of the vertical screw sleeve 151 and extends out of the middle through hole of the corresponding middle horizontal plate 14 and is fixed with a lifting plate 18, and the side wall of the lifting plate 18 is close to the inner wall of the powder feeding chamber 12 or the powder collecting chamber 13;

[0026] The feeding motor 16 and the collecting motor 17 are servo motors. A plurality of vertical guide rods 1 are fixed to the bottom surface of the lifting plate 18, and the vertical guide rods 1 are inserted into the corresponding vertical guide through holes formed on the middle horizontal plate 14. A guide sleeve is fixed on the inner side wall of the vertical guide through hole of the middle horizontal plate 14, and the vertical guide rod 1 is inserted into the corresponding guide sleeve. The bottom end of the vertical guide rod 1 extends out of the bottom end of the corresponding guide sleeve and is fixed with a limit plate 2, and the outer diameter of the limit plate 2 is larger than the inner diameter of the corresponding guide sleeve. The top surface of the limit plate 2 can be pressed against the bottom surface of the corresponding guide sleeve to achieve lifting limit.

[0027] Multiple layers of metal powder 100 made of different materials are laid on the lifting plate 18 of the powder feeding chamber 12 (the layers are laid according to the needs of different material layers at different positions of the product to be processed);

[0028] A powder spreading and pushing device 30 is provided above the main box body 10 .

[0029] The powder spreading and pushing device 30 includes side fixing plates 31 fixed to the front and rear parts of the top surface of the main box body 10, and the outer side walls of the two side fixing plates 31 are fixed with a lateral moving mechanism 40;

[0030] The moving blocks 41 of the two lateral moving mechanisms 40 are inserted into the left and right extending guide lateral grooves 32 formed in the middle of the corresponding side fixed plates 31, and the opposite ends of the two moving blocks 41 extend out of the side walls of the corresponding guide lateral grooves 32 and are fixed to the front and rear side plates of the drum shell frame 50. A powder spreading roller 51 is movably connected to the drum shell frame 50 through a bearing, and the bottom surface of the powder spreading roller 51 extends out of the bottom surface of the drum shell frame 50 and corresponds to the top surface of the main box body 10.

[0031] A rubber layer is fixed on the outer side wall of the powder spreading roller 51 .

[0032] Furthermore, a scraper 52 extending forward and backward is fixed to the inner side wall of the right side wall of the drum shell frame 50 , the bottom of the scraper 52 extends out of the bottom surface of the drum shell frame 50 , and the bottom surface of the scraper 52 is flush with the top surface of the main box body 10 .

[0033] The top and bottom surfaces of the guide transverse through groove 32 are fixed with a self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 33, and the moving block 41 is a cylindrical block, and its top and bottom are in contact with the corresponding self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 33. Since the moving block 41 is a cylindrical block, the contact between it and the corresponding self-lubricating wear-resistant layer 33 is a line contact, the contact area is small, the wear-resistant effect is good, and the wear is reduced.

[0034] Furthermore, an electric heating plate 181 is fixed to the top surface of the lifting plate 18 at the powder collecting chamber 13, and a placement base plate 200 for laser melting manufacturing is placed on the top surface of the electric heating plate 181. The base plate 200 can be placed for preheating, and the electrical connection line of the electric heating plate 181 can extend out of the bottom surface of the corresponding lifting plate 18, wherein a plurality of heating wires are installed inside the electric heating plate 181, which can be heated to 500°C at most, to ensure that when additive manufacturing is performed on the placement base plate 200 later, the material at the bottom can be normally additively manufactured and the use effect is achieved.

[0035] The lateral movement mechanism 40 includes fixed plates fixed on the left and right ends of the outer wall of the side fixed plate 31, and the two ends of the lateral movement screw 42 extending left and right are movably connected to the two fixed plates through bearings. A driving servo motor 43 is fixed on the outer wall of one of the fixed plates, and the output shaft of the driving servo motor 43 is a spline shaft, which is inserted into the spline hole at the bottom end of the corresponding lateral off-site screw 42 and drives the corresponding lateral movement screw 42 to rotate, and the moving block 41 is screwed on the corresponding lateral movement screw 42.

[0036] A sealing layer 9 is fixed on all side walls of the lifting plate 18, the outer side wall of the sealing layer 9 is in close contact with the inner side wall of the powder feeding chamber 12 or the powder collecting chamber 13, the top surface of the sealing layer 9 of the powder feeding chamber 12 is flush with the top surface of the lifting plate 18; the top surface of the sealing layer 9 of the powder collecting chamber 13 is flush with the top surface of the electric heating plate 181.

[0037] The sealing layer 9 can ensure that the powder will not be embedded between the lifting plate 18 and the inner wall of the powder collecting chamber 13 or the powder feeding chamber 12, so that subsequent cleaning is convenient.

[0038] When this embodiment is in use, the powder of the material required for different positions of the product to be printed (additively manufactured) is reversely laid in the powder feeding chamber 12 according to the order of printing, and then, the feeding motor 16 of the powder feeding chamber 12 is operated to raise its lifting plate 18 to a certain height, so that the topmost dust extends out of a part of the top surface of the main box body 10, and then, the two driving servo motors 43 are operated synchronously to move the scraper 52 to the right, and the dust extending from the top of the powder feeding chamber 12 is pushed into the powder collecting chamber 13. At this time, the placement base plate 200 is placed on the top surface of the electric heating plate 181, and is heated by the electric heating plate 181 to preheat the placement base plate 200 to ensure the effect of subsequent additive manufacturing. It can ensure the preheating of the powder, so that the subsequent bonding effect of the two powders when melted for additive is better, which solves the problem of easy cracking at the interface of different metal materials.

[0039] When the dust flows from the powder delivery chamber 12 to the powder collection chamber 13, the lifting plate 18 in the powder collection chamber 13 is in a high position. At this time, there is a gap between the top surface of the placement bottom plate 200 and the top surface of the powder collection chamber 13, and this gap can just accommodate the metal powder from the powder delivery chamber 12. As the scraper 52 moves to the right, its powder spreading roller 51 can flatten the scraped metal powder layer to ensure the needs of subsequent additive processing; each time a layer is laid, the lifting plate 18 in the powder collection chamber 13 drops a distance, and at the same time, the lifting plate 18 at the powder delivery chamber 12 is lifted a certain distance (according to the setting requirements) To be lifted or lowered), that is, the lifting plate 18 of the powder feeding chamber 12 is lifted a distance, and the lifting plate 18 of the powder collecting chamber 13 is lowered the same distance, and then, the metal powder placed at the bottom plate 200 can be selectively laser melted for additive manufacturing through the laser melting head arranged just above the bottom plate 200, and the effect is good. Since the metal powder layers 100 of different materials are laid in the feeding chamber 12, it is possible to manufacture melted additive products of different material layers according to design requirements, and the manufacturing effect is good, and it is not easy to break, and basically there will be no cracks, thereby ensuring the processing quality.

[0040] In this embodiment, the laser head can be a laser melting head, a continuous laser source system or a pulsed laser source system. The laser head of this embodiment is a product that can be directly purchased on the market and will not be described in detail here.

[0041] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention. These improvements and modifications should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A selective laser melting additive device for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder, comprising a main box (10), characterized in that: A middle partition plate (11) is fixed in the middle of the main box body (10), and the middle partition plate (11) divides the main box body (10) into a powder delivery chamber (12) on the left and a powder collection chamber (13) on the right; The lower part of the powder delivery chamber (12) and the middle part of the powder collection chamber (13) are both fixed with an intermediate horizontal plate (14), the lower part of the powder delivery chamber (12) and the lower part of the powder collection chamber (13) are both fixed with a lower horizontal plate (15), the side wall of the lower horizontal plate (15) is fixed on the lower inner wall of the corresponding powder delivery chamber (12) or powder collection chamber (13), the bottom surface of the lower horizontal plate (15) of the powder delivery chamber (12) is fixed with a feeding motor (16), the bottom surface of the lower horizontal plate (15) of the powder collection chamber (13) is fixed with a collecting motor (17), and the feeding motor (16) is fixed with a feeding motor (17). The top ends of the output shafts of the machine (16) and the collecting motor (17) extend out of the top surface of the corresponding lower horizontal plate (15) and are connected to a vertical screw sleeve (151) through a coupling, a vertical lifting screw rod (152) is screwed into the internal thread of the vertical screw sleeve (151), the top end of the vertical lifting screw rod (152) extends out of the top end of the vertical screw sleeve (151) and extends out of the middle through hole of the corresponding middle horizontal plate (14) and is fixed with a lifting plate (18), and the side wall of the lifting plate (18) is close to the inner wall of the powder delivery chamber (12) or the powder collection chamber (13); Multiple layers of metal powder (100) made of different materials are laid above the lifting plate (18) of the powder feeding chamber (12); A powder spreading and pushing device (30) is provided above the main box (10).

2. According to claim 1, a multi-metal material selective laser melting additive equipment in a single powder feeding cylinder is characterized in that: An electric heating plate (181) is fixed to the top surface of the lifting plate (18) at the powder collecting chamber (13), and a placement bottom plate (200) for laser melting manufacturing is placed on the top surface of the electric heating plate (181).

3. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The powder spreading and pushing device (30) comprises side fixing plates (31) fixed to the front and rear parts of the top surface of the main box (10), and the outer side walls of the two side fixing plates (31) are fixed with lateral moving mechanisms (40); The moving blocks (41) of the two transverse moving mechanisms (40) are inserted into the guide transverse through grooves (32) extending left and right and formed in the middle of the corresponding side fixing plates (31); the opposite ends of the two moving blocks (41) extend out of the side walls of the corresponding guide transverse through grooves (32) and are fixed to the front and rear side plates of the drum shell frame (50); a powder spreading roller (51) is movably connected to the drum shell frame (50) through a bearing; the bottom surface of the powder spreading roller (51) extends out of the bottom surface of the drum shell frame (50) and corresponds to the top surface of the main housing (10).

4. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A rubber layer is fixed on the outer side wall of the powder spreading roller (51).

5. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: A scraper (52) extending forward and backward is fixed on the inner side wall of the right side wall plate of the drum shell frame (50), the bottom of the scraper (52) extends out of the bottom surface of the drum shell frame (50), and the bottom surface of the scraper (52) is flush with the top surface of the main box body (10).

6. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The top and bottom surfaces of the guide transverse through groove (32) are both fixed with a self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (33), and the moving block (41) is a cylindrical block, the top and bottom ends of which are in contact with the corresponding self-lubricating wear-resistant layer (33).

7. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 3 is characterized in that: The lateral movement mechanism (40) comprises fixed plates fixed to the left and right ends of the outer side wall of the side fixed plate (31), and the two ends of the lateral movement screw rod (42) extending left and right are movably connected to the two fixed plates through bearings, and a driving servo motor (43) is fixed to the outer side wall of one of the fixed plates, and the driving servo motor (43) drives the corresponding lateral movement screw rod (42) to rotate, and the moving block (41) is screwed to the corresponding lateral movement screw rod (42).

8. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 1, characterized in that: A plurality of vertical guide rods (1) are fixed to the bottom surface of the lifting plate (18), and the vertical guide rods (1) are inserted into corresponding vertical guide through holes formed on the middle horizontal plate (14).

9. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 8, characterized in that: A guide sleeve is fixed on the inner side wall of the vertical guide through hole of the middle horizontal plate (14), the vertical guide rod (1) is inserted into the corresponding guide sleeve, the bottom end of the vertical guide rod (1) extends out of the bottom end of the corresponding guide sleeve and is fixed with a limit plate (2), and the outer diameter of the limit plate (2) is larger than the inner diameter of the corresponding guide sleeve.

10. The selective laser melting additive equipment for multiple metal materials in a single powder feeding cylinder according to claim 2, characterized in that: A sealing layer (9) is fixed on all side walls of the lifting plate (18), the outer side wall of the sealing layer (9) is in close contact with the inner side wall of the powder delivery chamber (12) or the powder collection chamber (13), and the top surface of the sealing layer (9) of the powder delivery chamber (12) is flush with the top surface of the lifting plate (18); The top surface of the sealing layer (9) of the powder collecting chamber (13) is flush with the top surface of the electric heating plate (181).

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