Assembled homogenizing valve

Abstract

The utility model discloses an assembly type homogenizing valve which comprises a valve body, an interaction containing cavity and an outflow channel used for being communicated with the interaction containing cavity are arranged in the valve body, a plurality of jet flow generators are arranged on the valve body, and the jet flow generators are arranged in the mode that jet flow ejected by the jet flow generators can intersect in the interaction containing cavity. An injection channel for jet flow to pass through is formed in the valve body; the jet flow generator comprises a pipe body, a feeding connector and a ruby nozzle, the ruby nozzle is installed at the front end of the pipe body and provided with a jet flow small hole communicated with an inner cavity of the pipe body, the jet flow small hole faces the interaction containing cavity and is communicated with the interaction containing cavity through the corresponding injection channel, and the feeding connector is arranged at the rear end of the pipe body. The utility model provides an assembled homogenizing valve, which adopts a mode of assembling a jet generator and a valve body, so that the integral manufacturing cost is low, jetted jets can collide with each other under the pressure of not less than 250MPA, and the homogenizing effect is good.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of homogenizers, in particular to an assembled homogenizing valve. Background Art

[0002] A homogenizer is an industrial device that pressurizes a fluid and then impacts it at high speed to achieve the purpose of homogenization, dispersion, and emulsification. It is widely used in biotechnology, pharmaceutical preparation, food industry, petrochemical industry, graphene and other related fields. The core component used to achieve fluid collision in the homogenizer is the homogenizing valve. Existing homogenizing valves can be roughly divided into T-type, Y-type and a few Z-type according to the way of fluid collision;

[0003] The T-type homogenizing valve, for example, is a homogenizing valve group with a publication number of CN104861038A. It allows the fluid to squeeze in from the feed hole in the center of the valve seat, and then squeeze out from the flow-limiting gap between the valve seat and the valve core, thereby forming a high-speed jet that sprays radially outward. The high-speed jet collides with the inner wall of the retaining ring to achieve a homogenizing effect. In this type of T-type homogenizing valve, the high-speed jet collides with the retaining ring after being squeezed out of the flow-limiting gap. Due to the impact resistance of the retaining ring material, the upper limit of the pressure of the fluid in the T-type valve is relatively low, generally controlled at around 100MPA, and the service life of the retaining ring is often relatively low under this working pressure.

[0004] The Y-type homogenizing valve is as follows Figure 1 As shown, a Y-shaped flow channel is set in the valve body, and the fluid flows in from the feed port on the valve body and enters into two branches respectively. The fluids of the two branches meet at the end and collide with each other and finally discharge from the discharge port on the valve body through the third branch. Since the two branches are connected to the same feed port, the pressure in the two branches is the same. Obviously, compared with the T-type homogenizing valve, the existing Y-type homogenizing valve omits the setting of the retaining ring, and it can achieve the homogenization of the fluid through the mutual collision of the two fluids themselves, so the fluid pressure can be set larger, generally up to 200MPA, but the flow channel in the valve body of the Y-type homogenizing valve is formed by splicing two semi-cylindrical valve bodies together. Therefore, in order to meet the use of ultra-high pressure fluids, the manufacturing accuracy of the two semi-cylindrical valve bodies and the assembly accuracy of the mutual coordination are high, which is also an important reason for the high cost of the existing Y-type homogenizing valve. According to the market prices known to the applicant, the price of existing Y-type homogenizing valves that can meet the use of 200MPA fluids generally ranges from RMB 10,000 to more than 100,000, and the service life of the Y-type homogenizing valve is generally within 2,000 hours.

[0005] The Z-type homogenizing valve forms a Z-shaped flow channel in the valve body. When the fluid flows in the Z-shaped flow channel, it collides with the inner wall of the flow channel in each bend in the flow direction. Obviously, the Z-type homogenizing valve also achieves collision homogenization of the fluid through the collision between the fluid and the inner wall of the flow channel. The upper limit of the working pressure of the fluid is also limited by the impact resistance of the inner wall of the flow channel.

[0006] In summary, for the T-type and Z-type homogenizing valves in the prior art, the collision of the high-speed flow of the fluid with the flow channel or retaining ring in the homogenizing valve is suitable for working environments with a fluid working pressure of 100MPA, and is not suitable for working environments with a working pressure exceeding 200MPA or even higher. The Y-type homogenizing valve uses two streams of fluid to collide with each other to achieve fluid homogenization, so it can use a higher fluid working intensity, but the Y-shaped flow channel design in its valve body requires the Y-type homogenizing valve to be obtained by aligning two semi-cylindrical valve bodies with each other and then splicing them together, which has high requirements for processing accuracy and assembly accuracy, making the existing Y-type homogenizing valve extremely expensive.

[0007] To this end, with the increasing requirements for fluid homogenization in various industries, such as the graphene field, technicians in this industry have been seeking technological breakthroughs in homogenizing valves, hoping to obtain a homogenizing valve that can enable the fluid working pressure to exceed 250MPA and has a low cost, to meet the needs of various industries represented by the graphene field. Utility Model Content

[0008] The utility model aims to solve one of the technical problems in the related art to at least a certain extent: to provide an assembled homogenizing valve, which adopts a jet generator and a valve body assembly method to reduce the overall manufacturing cost, and can make the ejected jets collide with each other at a pressure of not less than 250MPA, thereby achieving a good homogenizing effect.

[0009] To this end, one object of the utility model is to provide an assembled homogenizing valve, which includes a valve body, wherein the valve body has an interactive cavity and an outflow channel for connecting the interactive cavity, the valve body is provided with a plurality of jet generators, the plurality of jet generators are arranged in a manner that the ejected jets can intersect in the interactive cavity, the valve body has an injection channel for the jets to pass through; the jet generator includes a tube body, a feed joint and a ruby ​​nozzle, the tube body is detachably connected to the valve body, the ruby ​​nozzle is installed at the front end of the tube body and has a jet hole connected to the inner cavity of the tube body, the jet hole faces the interactive cavity and is connected to the interactive cavity through the corresponding injection channel, the feed joint is arranged at the rear end of the tube body and is connected to the inner cavity of the tube body.

[0010] According to an example of the utility model, the outer surface of the valve body has mounting grooves at positions corresponding to the injection channels, and the front ends of the tubes are inserted into the corresponding mounting grooves and are threadedly connected to the mounting grooves.

[0011] According to an example of the utility model, the jet generator includes a sand mixing body, the tube body is connected to the valve body through the sand mixing body, the sand mixing body has a material transfer channel, the jet hole is connected to the injection channel through the material transfer channel, and the outer wall of the sand mixing body is provided with a side tube connected to the material transfer channel, and the side tube is inclined to the material transfer channel. By adding an additional sand mixing body, and the sand mixing body has an inclined side tube, various auxiliary materials such as dispersants required in the homogenization process can be added through the side tube, and at the same time, because the side tube is inclined, the dispersant in the side tube can be automatically sucked into the material transfer channel of the sand mixing body under the action of the jet.

[0012] According to an example of the utility model, the sand mixing body is provided with an extension tube, one end of the extension tube is fixed to the sand mixing body and communicated with the material passing channel, and the other end of the extension tube extends axially into the injection channel and communicates with the interactive cavity through the injection channel. By adding the extension tube, the dispersant mixed in the side tube can be better mixed with the original fluid in the extension tube.

[0013] The above technical solution has the following advantages or beneficial effects: first, the interactive cavity in the valve body can be directly obtained by drilling, so the processing cost of the valve body is low, and a separate jet generator is directly assembled on the valve body, so that the overall cost is also low; secondly, if any jet generator or valve body is damaged, the separate parts can be replaced or repaired, thereby reducing the cost of use.

[0014] Additional aspects and advantages of the present invention will be given in part in the following description, and in part will become apparent from the following description, or will be learned through the practice of the present invention. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of a Y-type homogenizing valve in the prior art.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of an assembled homogenizing valve of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 for Figure 2 A partial enlarged schematic diagram of the "A" area.

[0018] Figure 4 It is a structural schematic diagram of the jet generator in the utility model.

[0019] Among them, 1. valve body; 2. interactive cavity; 3. outflow channel; 4. injection channel; 5. pipe body; 6. feed joint; 7. ruby ​​nozzle; 8. jet hole; 9. sand mixing body; 10. material transfer channel; 11. side pipe; 12. extension pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0020] The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and examples of the embodiments are shown in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals throughout represent the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary and are intended to be used to explain the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.

[0021] The assembled homogenizing valve according to an embodiment of the utility model is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0022] like Figure 1 As shown, the Y-type homogenizing valve in the prior art is mainly used in a high pressure environment of less than 100 MPA or an ultra-high pressure environment of more than 100 MPA. Under this pressure, the service life of the homogenizing valve can meet the existing needs, and as shown in FIG. Figure 1 The flow channel of the homogenizing valve shown includes an outflow channel connected to the liquid outlet and two inflow channels, and the two inflow channels are connected to the same liquid inlet. Therefore, after the production of the Y-type homogenizing valve is completed, the pressure in the two inflow channels can be kept consistent, and there is no need to worry about the direction of the two inflow channels. Therefore, the Y-type homogenizing valve of the prior art has its own advantages under the working environment of 100MPA.

[0023] However, as the requirements for fluid pressure in the homogenization process in various industries continue to increase, the existing Y-type homogenizing valve obviously has the problems of short service life and high manufacturing cost.

[0024] by Figure 1Based on the existing Y-type homogenizing valve shown in , based on the consideration of reducing processing costs, the utility model provides an assembled homogenizing valve, as shown in the figure, it includes a valve body 1, the valve body 1 has an interactive cavity 2 and an outflow channel 3 for communicating with the interactive cavity 2, the valve body 1 is provided with a plurality of jet generators, the plurality of jet generators are arranged in a manner that the jets ejected can intersect in the interactive cavity 2, so that the jets ejected by each jet generator can be ejected into the interactive cavity 2 and collide with other jets, the valve body 1 has an injection channel 4 for the jet to pass through; the jet generator includes a tube body 5, a feed connector 6 and a ruby ​​nozzle 7, the tube body 5 is detachably connected to the valve body 1, the ruby ​​nozzle 7 is installed at the front end of the tube body 5 and has a jet hole 8 communicated with the inner cavity of the tube body 5, the jet hole 8 faces the interactive cavity 2 and is communicated with the interactive cavity 2 through the corresponding injection channel 4, the feed connector 6 is arranged at the rear end of the tube body 5 and is communicated with the inner cavity of the tube body 5. The above-mentioned arrangement of the jet generators refers to changing the position and orientation of the jet generators so that each jet generator faces the interactive cavity 2, and collides with each other after the jets are injected into the interactive cavity 2. Taking the two jet generators shown in the figure as an example, the two jet generators are arranged 180 degrees opposite to each other, that is, the center lines of the jet holes 8 on the two jet generators are collinear, and the directions of the two jet generators are opposite; or the two jet generators are arranged relative to each other at a certain angle in the same vertical plane, that is, the center lines of the jet holes 8 on the two jet generators are in the same vertical plane and the angle between the two center lines is 30°~180°. Preferably, the angle is any one of 30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, 80°, 90°, 100°, 110°, 120°, 130°, 140°, 150°, 160°, and 170°. Furthermore, if there are three or more jet generators, the geometric center of the interactive cavity 2 is taken as the center of the circle, the plane where the center of the circle is located is the reference horizontal plane, the line passing through the center of the circle and perpendicular to the reference horizontal plane is the vertical axis, and all the jet generators are located above the reference horizontal plane and are evenly distributed circumferentially along the vertical axis.

[0025] In this embodiment, the valve body 1 can be obtained by drilling, that is, a metal base block is used as a semi-finished product of the valve body, and the outflow channel 3 is drilled on a machine tool, and the innermost end of the outflow channel 3 forms an interactive cavity 2, and then a plurality of injection channels are drilled on the outer surface of the valve body in the same manner, and each injection channel is connected to the interactive cavity 2. Of course, the spatial position of each injection channel is a geometric parameter obtained after calculation and a limited number of experiments. Each jet generator is installed on the valve body, and the jet holes 8 on the ruby ​​nozzle 7 of each jet generator are aligned with the corresponding injection channel 4, so that the jet ejected by the jet hole 8 can smoothly pass through the injection channel and be injected into the interactive cavity 2. The alignment of the jet hole 8 with the corresponding injection channel 4 means that the jet hole 8 is connected to one end of the injection channel 4, and the center line of the jet hole 8 is collinear with the center line of the injection channel 4.

[0026] The jet generator is widely used in the field of water jets, so the manufacturing cost of the jet generator itself is relatively low. At the same time, in this embodiment, the valve body 1 can also be obtained by machining, so the manufacturing cost of the valve body 1 is also relatively low. The manufacturing cost of the homogenizing valve of this embodiment obtained by assembling the two together is much lower than that of the Y-type homogenizing valve in the prior art.

[0027] In some embodiments, as shown in the figure, the outer surface of the valve body 1 has mounting grooves at positions corresponding to each injection channel 4, and the mounting grooves are grooves formed by incision of the outer surface of the valve body 1. The front end of the tube body 5 of each jet generator is inserted into the corresponding mounting groove, and a thread matching the mounting groove is formed on the outer surface of the front end of the tube body 5, so that the tube body 5 is threadedly fastened with the mounting groove. In this embodiment, since the injection channel 4, the mounting groove, and the interactive cavity 2 are all obtained by high-precision machine tool processing, their dimensional position accuracy is high. After the tube body of the jet generator is installed, the jet ejected by the jet generator can accurately extend into the interactive cavity 2 and collide with other jets to achieve a homogenizing effect. For this reason, in this embodiment, the assembly process between the jet generator and the valve body 1 is simple.

[0028] The jet generator includes a sand mixing body 9, through which the tube body 5 is connected to the valve body 1, and a material transfer channel 10 is provided in the sand mixing body 9. The jet hole 8 is connected to the injection channel 4 through the material transfer channel 10. A side pipe 11 connected to the material transfer channel 10 is provided on the outer side wall of the sand mixing body 9, and the side pipe 11 is inclined to the material transfer channel 10.

[0029] The side tube 11 and the feed channel 10 in this embodiment are inclined, which means that as shown in the figure, the axis of the side tube 11 is perpendicular to the axis of the tube body 5, and then the front end of the side tube 11 close to the tube body 5 is inclined forward along the flow direction of the fluid in the tube body 5, that is, the front end of the side tube 11 is inclined along the axis of the tube body 5 toward the position of the interactive cavity 2, thereby making the axis of the side tube 11 form an angle less than 90° with the axis of the tube body 5, preferably, the axis of the side tube 11 forms an angle of 60° with the axis of the tube body 5.

[0030] In some embodiments, the fluid injected from the jet generator into the interaction chamber 2 is a liquid containing particles or macromolecular substances. Preferably, in the graphene powder preparation process, the fluid is preferably a slurry containing graphite particles, such as Figure 2 , Figure 4 As shown, when the auxiliary material in the side tube 11 is mixed with the slurry in the tube body 5 or when the slurry in the side tube 11 is mixed with the pure water in the tube body 5, if the mixing time before entering the interactive cavity 2 is insufficient, the homogenization effect after injection may be affected. For this reason, the improvement of this embodiment is that: an extension tube 12 is provided on the sand mixing body 9, one end of the extension tube 12 is fixed to the sand mixing body 9 and communicated with the material transfer channel 10, and the other end of the extension tube 12 extends axially into the injection channel 4 and communicates with the interactive cavity 2 through the injection channel 4. The extension tube 12 prolongs the time of entering the interactive cavity 2 so that the slurry and auxiliary material entering the material transfer channel 10 from the side tube 11 and the tube body 5 respectively can be mixed more evenly.

[0031] The jet in the above embodiments refers to a columnar jet formed by ejecting a fluid from a small hole at a pressure exceeding 100 MPA, which is also called a high-speed jet.

[0032] Based on the homogenizing valve in the above-mentioned embodiments, in the preparation process of graphene powder, it is necessary to pass the slurry containing graphite particles through a homogenizer so that the graphite particles collide with each other, and finally obtain the refined graphene slurry. In this production process, the greater the pressure of the slurry, the more thoroughly the graphite particles in the slurry can be refined during the collision process. For this reason, in the field of graphene, a higher pressure requirement is proposed for the homogenizer for homogenizing the slurry. The homogenizing valve in the above-mentioned embodiments can well solve the problem of high production cost in the homogenization process of graphene slurry, but with the continuous increase in pressure demand, when the pressure demand of the slurry exceeds 250MPA, the high-pressure pump with the existing plunger pump structure cannot reach the pressure. The reason is that the graphite particles in the graphene slurry are hard particles, and the graphite particles will be placed between the valve core and the sealing surface on the valve body during the valve core of the plunger pump, so that the valve core and the sealing surface cannot be well sealed, and finally the one-way sealing effect of the plunger pump is invalidated under ultra-high pressure, and the pressure cannot be continued to be increased. In some small batches, graphene slurry with finer particle size is desired. To this end, the slurry pressure needs to be better than 250MPA. Therefore, this embodiment proposes a new improvement to the homogenization process based on the homogenization valve in the above embodiments. This embodiment provides a homogenization process: including the homogenization valve, feed pump, ultra-high pressure water pump and auxiliary material container in any of the above embodiments, characterized in that it also includes a high-pressure homogenization process and an ultra-high pressure homogenization process. In this embodiment, in order to further define the ultra-high pressure exceeding 100MPA, the homogenization process of 100MPA to 250MPA is called a high-pressure homogenization process, and the homogenization process of exceeding 250MPA is called an ultra-high pressure homogenization process.

[0033] Among them, the high pressure homogenization process includes:

[0034] S1-1. Connect the feed connector 6 of each jet generator to a feed pump (not shown in the figure) for pumping slurry, and connect the side pipe 11 of each jet generator to an auxiliary material container (not shown in the figure) for containing auxiliary materials; the auxiliary materials are dispersants and the like.

[0035] S1-2, the high-pressure slurry is mixed with the auxiliary material and ejected from the jet holes 8 on the ruby ​​nozzles 7 of each jet generator to form high-speed jets, and the high-speed jets collide in the interactive cavity 2 of the valve body 1;

[0036] S1-3, the slurry after collision is discharged to the outside of the valve body 1 of the homogenizing valve through the outflow channel 3;

[0037] S1-4, the number of collisions N increases by 1, the initial value of the number of collisions N is zero, if the number of collisions N+1 is less than the preset number of cycles N1, the slurry after the collision is sucked into the feed pump, N1 is an integer greater than 1, and step S1-1 is repeated; if the number of collisions N+1=the preset number of cycles N1, the feed pump stops working; the counting of the above-mentioned number of collisions can be counted by a counting module integrated in the controller on the homogenizer, and when the cycle number value of the counting module is equal to the preset number of cycles N1, the homogenization process is stopped, indicating that the homogenization process is completed.

[0038] In addition, in the high-pressure homogenization process, the feed pump can be an existing conventional plunger pump, which can absorb the slurry in the slurry container and pressurize it to the required pressure and pump it into the tube body 5 of the jet generator through the feed connector 6; the auxiliary container can be a container only for accommodating auxiliary materials. The jet generator forms a negative pressure suction force at the side tube 11 under the action of the high-speed jet of the slurry in the tube body 5 through the jet principle, thereby completing the absorption of the auxiliary material. The auxiliary material container can also be a small auxiliary material pump, which can pump the auxiliary material to the side tube 11, so that the auxiliary material can be more easily mixed into the slurry in the tube body 5.

[0039] Among them, the ultra-high pressure homogenization process includes:

[0040] S2-1. Connect the side pipe 11 of each jet generator to a feed pump (not shown in the figure) for pumping slurry, and connect the feed connector 6 of each jet generator to an ultra-high pressure water pump (not shown in the figure) for pumping water; the ultra-high pressure water pump can adopt an existing plunger pump. Since it pumps pure water, the existing ultra-high pressure water pump can basically meet the boosting demand below 600MPA, such as various types of plunger pumps used in existing water knives.

[0041] S2-2, the high-speed water flow entering the tube body 5 from the feed joint 6 sucks the slurry in the side tube 11 through the jet principle, and the high-speed water flow and the slurry are mixed and ejected from the jet hole 8 on the ruby ​​nozzle 7 to form a high-speed jet, and each high-speed jet collides in the collision chamber 2;

[0042] S2-3, the slurry after collision is discharged to the outside of the valve body 1 of the homogenizing valve through the outflow channel 3;

[0043] S2-4, purifying the slurry after the collision to the original slurry concentration; the purification is to remove part of the water in the slurry so that the concentration of the slurry is restored to the original slurry concentration.

[0044] S2-5, the number of collisions N increases by 1, the initial value of the number of collisions N is zero, if the number of collisions N+1<the preset number of cycles N1, the purified slurry is sucked into the feed pump, N1 is an integer greater than 1, and step S1-1 is repeated; if the number of collisions N+1=the preset number of cycles N1, the feed pump stops working.

[0045] In the actual production process, the homogenization process of this embodiment is adopted, and the slurry can be homogenized normally using the high-pressure homogenization process. At this time, the slurry enters through the feed connector 6 of the jet generator and is ejected from the jet orifice 8, and collides in the interactive chamber 2 to achieve a homogenization effect. At this time, the efficiency of the homogenization process is high, which is convenient for industrial mass production. If there is a need for better homogenization requirements for the fluid, that is, the fluid needs to be homogenized with a finer particle size, then the ultra-high pressure homogenization process can be used. Under this process, since the plunger pump is used to pump pure water, the pressure can reach 600MPA, which meets the ultra-high pressure homogenization effect of the slurry. However, since a large amount of pure water is added, the homogenized slurry needs to be purified during the process, and the fluid output is low, which is suitable for high-performance small-batch testing.

[0046] Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it can be understood that the above embodiments are exemplary and cannot be understood as limitations of the present invention. Ordinary technicians in the field can change, modify, replace and modify the above embodiments within the scope of the present invention.

[0047] For those skilled in the art, various changes and modifications will undoubtedly be obvious after reading the above description. Therefore, the attached claims should be regarded as covering all changes and modifications to the true intent and scope of the utility model. Any and all equivalent ranges and contents within the scope of the claims should be considered to still be within the intent and scope of the utility model.

Claims

1. An assembled homogenizing valve, characterized in that: The invention comprises a valve body (1), wherein the valve body (1) has an interactive cavity (2) and an outflow channel (3) for communicating with the interactive cavity (2), wherein the valve body (1) is provided with a plurality of jet generators, wherein the plurality of jet generators are arranged in such a way that the jets ejected can intersect with the interactive cavity (2), wherein the valve body (1) has an injection channel (4) for the jets to pass through; the jet generator comprises a tube body (5), a feed connector (6) and a ruby ​​nozzle (7), wherein the tube body (5) is detachably connected to the valve body (1), the ruby ​​nozzle (7) is mounted at the front end of the tube body (5) and has a jet hole (8) communicating with the inner cavity of the tube body (5), wherein the jet hole (8) faces the interactive cavity (2) and communicates with the interactive cavity (2) through the corresponding injection channel (4), and the feed connector (6) is arranged at the rear end of the tube body (5) and communicates with the inner cavity of the tube body (5).

2. The assembled homogenizing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The ruby ​​nozzle (7) is a water jet ruby ​​nozzle.

3. The assembled homogenizing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outer surface of the valve body (1) is provided with mounting grooves at positions corresponding to the injection channels (4), and the front ends of the tube bodies (5) are inserted into the corresponding mounting grooves and are threadedly connected to the mounting grooves.

4. The assembled homogenizing valve according to claim 1, characterized in that: The jet generator comprises a sand mixing body (9), the tube body (5) is connected to the valve body (1) via the sand mixing body (9), a material passing channel (10) is provided in the sand mixing body (9), the jet orifice (8) is connected to the injection channel (4) via the material passing channel (10), and a side pipe (11) connected to the material passing channel (10) is provided on the outer wall of the sand mixing body (9), and the side pipe (11) is arranged obliquely with the material passing channel (10).

5. The assembled homogenizing valve according to claim 4, characterized in that: An extension tube (12) is provided on the sand mixing body (9), one end of the extension tube (12) is fixed to the sand mixing body (9) and communicates with the material transfer channel (10), and the other end of the extension tube (12) extends axially into the injection channel (4) and communicates with the interaction chamber (2) through the injection channel (4).

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