Anchor rod for geotechnical engineering

Abstract

The utility model discloses an anchor rod for geotechnical engineering, which realizes efficient and self-adaptive fixation and support between the anchor rod and rock soil by integrating the design of a side clamping plate, the matching of a driving column and a cone sliding sleeve and the interaction of the cone sliding sleeve and the rock soil. In the structure, the conical sliding sleeve can smoothly slide along the conical table when bearing the downward sliding force of rock soil, and meanwhile, the kinetic energy is converted into the fixing force for the supporting plate. In the process, the cone sliding sleeve is tightly matched with the driving column to push the side edge clamping plate to extend and expand towards the outer side of the supporting plate, so that the side edge clamping plate can penetrate into rock soil, and the contact area and friction force between the anchor rod and the rock soil are remarkably increased. Along with the increase of the sliding height of the cone sliding sleeve, the depth of the side clamping plate inserted into the rock soil is correspondingly increased, so that the stability and the reliability of the anchor rod in various complex environments are ensured. The comprehensive improvement not only obviously enhances the supporting effect and stability of the anchor rod, but also improves the engineering safety.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the field of geotechnical construction, in particular to an anchor rod for geotechnical engineering. Background Art

[0002] In geotechnical engineering, the support plate at the bottom of the anchor plays a vital role. Its main purpose is to increase the contact area between the anchor and the surface of the rock and soil and improve the support effect. However, the existing support plate design has certain shortcomings in terms of the side. Most of the sides of the support plates are smooth and straight. This design does not fully utilize the contact potential between the side and the rock and soil. Due to the lack of structure or mechanism to increase the fit on the side, when the support plate is embedded in the surface of the rock and soil, its side can often only achieve line contact or cut, rather than achieving a good fixing effect. This line contact or fit method limits the fit between the support plate and the rock and soil, making it easy for the support plate to slide or separate from the rock and soil when the anchor is subjected to external force, thereby reducing the support effect.

[0003] Therefore, it is necessary to improve and optimize the existing side design of the support plate to improve the fit between the support plate and the rock and soil, thereby enhancing the support effect of the anchor rod. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose to be achieved by the utility model is to provide an anchor rod for geotechnical engineering, which solves the problem that when a support plate is embedded in the surface layer of rock and soil, its side edges can often only achieve line contact or cut-in, rather than achieving a good fixing effect.

[0005] In order to achieve the above-mentioned purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: an anchor rod for geotechnical engineering, comprising an anchor body and an anchor head arranged at the front end of the anchor body, a detachable supporting device is arranged at the rear end of the anchor body, a nut is tightened below the supporting device, and the supporting device comprises:

[0006] A supporting plate, arranged at the rear end of the anchor body and located above the nut;

[0007] A side clamping plate is slidably disposed in the support plate and slides and extends toward the outer side of the support plate;

[0008] A guide groove is provided on the upper surface of the support plate and is located above the side clamping plate;

[0009] A driving column, fixedly connected to the side clamping plate and protruding from the guide groove to the upper surface of the supporting plate;

[0010] A cone platform, fixedly mounted on the support plate and located above the support plate;

[0011] The cone sliding sleeve is sleeved on the cone platform, and the cone sliding sleeve slides downward on the cone platform to abut against the driving column and push the side clamping plate to slide toward the outer side of the supporting support plate.

[0012] Furthermore, the front end of the side clamp is conical.

[0013] Furthermore, the support device also includes a limiting ring, which is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate through a support column, and there is a gap between the limiting ring and the driving column.

[0014] Furthermore, the limiting ring is arranged on the outer side of the cone sliding sleeve, and there is a gap between the limiting ring and the cone sliding sleeve, and the cone sliding sleeve slides along the gap.

[0015] Furthermore, a direction dividing groove is provided on the cone sliding sleeve, and the direction dividing groove is aligned with the support column.

[0016] Furthermore, the anchor head comprises a countersunk bolt and an expansion tube, the countersunk bolt is threadedly connected to the anchor body, the expansion tube is sleeved on the countersunk bolt, and the expansion tube is expanded by rotating the countersunk bolt of the anchor body.

[0017] Furthermore, an anti-slip sheet inclined outward is provided on the outer side of the expansion tube.

[0018] Furthermore, the anchor body is a hollow tube.

[0019] Furthermore, it also includes a slurry stop plug, which is arranged above the cone sliding sleeve.

[0020] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0021] 1. Through the integrated side plate design, the cooperation between the driving column and the cone sleeve, and the interaction between the cone sleeve and the rock and soil, efficient and adaptive fixation and support between the anchor support plate and the rock and soil are achieved. This comprehensive improvement not only significantly improves the fit between the anchor and the rock and soil, but also enhances the fixing effect and support strength of the support plate. Specifically, when the rock and soil slide down, the cone sleeve slides down along the cone platform, using the kinetic energy of the rock and soil to convert into a fixing force for the support plate. In this process, the cone sleeve abuts against the driving column on the side plate, pushing the side plate to extend and expand to the outside of the support plate. The expanded side plate is inserted into the rock and soil, increasing the contact area and friction between the support plate and the rock and soil, thereby improving the support effect of the anchor. As the height of the cone sleeve slides up, the depth of the side plate inserted into the rock and soil also increases accordingly. This adaptive adjustment capability enables the anchor to automatically adjust the fixing force according to the specific conditions of the rock and soil, ensuring the stability and reliability of the anchor under various geological conditions. It enhances the supporting effect of anchor rods and support plates, improves the safety of the project and reduces maintenance costs, and has broad application prospects.

[0022] 2. The introduction of the limit ring greatly enhances the stability and controllability of the cone sleeve. The limit ring is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate through the pillar, which not only provides a stable reference point for the cone sleeve, but also ensures that the trajectory of the cone sleeve during the sliding process is accurately controllable. This stability enables the cone sleeve to abut against the drive column more accurately, thereby effectively pushing the drive column and the side plate to move. Secondly, the gap formed between the limit ring and the cone sleeve brings excellent adaptability and flexibility to the entire system. This gap allows the cone sleeve to slide smoothly along the cone table without any unnecessary constraints or restrictions when it is subjected to the force of the rock and soil sliding down. This sliding freedom provides sufficient adjustment space for the cone sleeve, allowing it to be adaptively adjusted according to different geological conditions and rock and soil properties. Therefore, no matter what complex geological environment is encountered, the anchor support plate can maintain a stable support effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0023] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of an anchor rod for geotechnical engineering of the utility model;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the support device of the utility model;

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the anchor head of the utility model;

[0027] In the figure: 1-anchor body, 2-anchor head, 21-countersunk bolt, 22-expansion tube, 23-anti-slip sheet, 3-support device, 4-slurry stopper, 31-support support plate, 32-side clamping plate, 33-guide groove, 34-driving column, 35-conical platform, 36-conical sliding sleeve, 37-dividing groove, 38-limiting ring, 39-gap. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0028] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the utility model, rather than all the embodiments.

[0029] The following specific embodiments are used to describe the technical solution of the utility model in detail. The following specific embodiments can be combined or replaced with each other according to actual conditions, and the same or similar concepts or processes may not be described in detail in some embodiments.

[0030] like Figures 1 to 3 As shown, the utility model provides an anchor rod for geotechnical engineering, comprising an anchor body 1 and an anchor head 2 arranged at the front end of the anchor body 1, a detachable supporting device 3 is arranged at the rear end of the anchor body 1, the supporting device 3 is installed at the rear end of the anchor body 1, a nut is screwed into the rear end of the anchor body 1, and the nut is tightened to fix the supporting device 3 to prevent the supporting device 3 from sliding up and down from the anchor body 1, and the supporting device 3 comprises:

[0031] The support plate 31 is a disc-shaped iron plate, and the center of the support plate 31 has a through hole with the same diameter as the anchor body 1. The support plate 31 is installed from the rear end of the anchor body 1 to fit with the rock wall to provide support for the rock and soil, improve the stability of the rock and soil, and prevent rock and soil collapse.

[0032] The side clamps 32 are provided with four rectangular slots which are symmetrical in pairs in the support plate 31. The side clamps 32 are slidably installed in the rectangular slots. The side clamps 32 can slide and expand from the rectangular slots to the outside of the support plate 31. The expanded side clamps 32 can be inserted into the rock and soil, so that the support plate 31 and the rock and soil can fit more firmly, thereby improving the stability of the support plate 31 for the rock and soil.

[0033] The guide groove 33 is provided on the upper surface of the support plate 31. The guide groove 33 is connected to the rectangular notch and aligned with the center line of the side clamp 32. The driving column 34 is installed on the side clamp 32 and protrudes from the guide groove 33 to the upper surface of the support plate 31. The driving column 34 can slide along the track of the guide groove 33, and at the same time, the movement of the side clamp 32 can move along the track opened in the guide groove 33, ensuring that the side clamp 32 can move smoothly along the predetermined track when pushed by the driving column 34. This smooth movement not only improves the speed and efficiency of the side clamp 32 being inserted into the rock and soil, but also helps to reduce the additional friction and resistance caused by jamming or offset.

[0034] The cone body 35 and the cone sleeve 36, the cone body 35 is fixedly installed above the support plate 31, the center of the circle is aligned with the center of the circle of the support plate 31, the cone sleeve 36 is a hollow structure inside, the cone sleeve 36 is sleeved above the cone body 35, the taper of the cone body 35 is 15° to 60°, and the taper design of the cone body 35 allows the cone sleeve 36 to use the kinetic energy of the rock and soil for effective energy conversion when sliding along the surface of the cone body 35. Within this range of taper, the smoothness of the sliding of the cone sleeve 36 is guaranteed, and sufficient friction is ensured to convert kinetic energy, so that the cone sleeve 36 can abut against the driving column 34 when sliding down, and push the side clamping plate 32 to extend and expand outward.

[0035] The front end of the side clamping plate 32 is conical, so that the side clamping plate 32 can be easily inserted into the rock and soil.

[0036] In summary, the present application integrates key components such as the support plate 31, the side clamp plate 32, the guide groove 33, the cone body 35 and the cone sleeve 36 to form an efficient and stable support system. The support plate 31 fits tightly with the rock and soil, providing a solid support foundation for the rock and soil. The design of the side clamp plate 32 enables the device to quickly and smoothly slide and expand outward when subjected to external force, and deeply insert into the rock and soil, thereby enhancing the fit and stability between the support plate 31 and the rock and soil. At the same time, the combined use of the cone body 35 and the cone sleeve 36 enables the device to cleverly utilize the kinetic energy of the rock and soil for energy conversion, further enhancing the stability and efficiency of the support. In addition, the introduction of the guide groove 33 provides a precise track for the movement of the drive column 34 and the side clamp plate 32, ensuring that they can move smoothly along the predetermined path, thereby improving the speed and efficiency of the side clamp plate 32 inserted into the rock and soil, and reducing unnecessary friction and resistance.

[0037] In actual application scenarios, the support device 3 is particularly suitable for projects that require geotechnical support, such as tunnel excavation, underground mine mining, and slope management. In areas where geological conditions are complex and changeable and geotechnical properties are difficult to predict, the adaptability and efficient support capabilities of the device can play a key role in ensuring the safety and stability of the project. By using the support device 3, not only can the construction efficiency be improved and the construction period be shortened, but the cost can also be effectively reduced, bringing significant economic and social benefits to geotechnical engineering.

[0038] like Figure 2 As shown, in order to allow the sliding of the cone sleeve 36 to accurately push the driving column 34, a limit ring 38 is installed on the support plate 31 through a pillar. The limit ring 38 has the same diameter as the support plate 31, and there is a through hole in the middle of the limit ring 38. The inner diameter of the through hole is less than 10 cm of the bottom diameter of the cone sleeve 36. The height of the limit ring 38 is higher than the height of the protrusion of the driving column 34 and 5 cm higher than the bottom of the cone sleeve 36. There is a gap 39 of 5 cm between the inner ring of the limit ring 38 and the cone sleeve 36. When the cone sleeve 36 is subjected to the force of the rock and soil sliding downward, the cone sleeve 36 will slide along the side of the cone platform and the gap 39, providing a stable reference point for the cone sleeve 36, and also ensuring that the trajectory of the cone sleeve 36 during the sliding process is accurately controllable. This stability enables the cone sleeve 36 to abut against the driving column 34 more accurately, thereby effectively pushing the driving column 34 and the side clamping plate 32 to move. At the same time, the limiting plate can cover the column driving column 34, so that when the support plate 31 is inserted into the rock and soil, the driving column 34 will not abut against the rock and soil, ensuring that the driving column 34 can push the side clamping plate 32 to slide.

[0039] In order to prevent the conical sleeve 36 from sliding due to interference from the pillars, four directional grooves 37 aligned with the pillars are provided on the conical sleeve 36. When the conical sleeve 36 slides, the pillars can penetrate into the directional grooves 37 without interfering with the sliding of the conical sleeve 36. At the same time, the conical sleeve 36 is further guided, providing a second stable reference point for the conical sleeve 36.

[0040] like Figure 1 and Figure 3As shown, the application further provides an anchor head 2 at the front end of the anchor body 1, and the anchor head 2 is designed to include two parts: a countersunk bolt 21 and an expansion tube 22, wherein the countersunk bolt 21 is connected to the anchor body 1 by a thread, and the expansion tube 22 is cleverly sleeved on the countersunk bolt 21. When the anchor body 1 is rotated, the countersunk bolt 21 rotates accordingly, thereby causing the expansion tube 22 to expand. This mechanism is similar to the working principle of the expansion screw, but has more prominent advantages in geotechnical engineering. First, the anti-skid sheet 23 design that is inclined outward on the outside of the expansion tube 22 greatly enhances the friction between the expansion tube 22 and the rock and soil. These anti-skid sheets 23 can fit the rock and soil surface more closely when the expansion tube 22 expands, effectively preventing the expansion tube 22 from sliding or falling off when subjected to external forces. This anti-skid design not only improves the connection strength between the expansion tube 22 and the rock and soil, but also enables the support device 3 to maintain a stable support effect under complex geological conditions. Secondly, the invention technology realizes the firm fixation between the anchor rod and the rock and soil through the expansion mechanism of the countersunk bolt 21 and the expansion tube 22. After the head of the anchor rod is inserted into the rock and soil, the traditional bolt is inserted into the expansion tube 22 by rotating the anchor rod, and the expansion tube 22 expands and gets stuck in the rock and soil. This design not only simplifies the support process, but also improves the efficiency and reliability of the support.

[0041] The anchor rod in the present application is a hollow structure, and grouting can be injected into the anchor rod through the hollow structure of the anchor rod. The grouting can overflow from the anchor head 2 or the anchor body 1 into the positioning hole of the rock and soil. The invention technology significantly improves the effect and efficiency of geotechnical engineering support through a series of innovative designs. First, the anchor body 1 adopts a hollow tube structure, which allows grouting through the hollow part of the anchor rod. This grouting method can enhance the bonding force between the anchor rod and the rock and soil, thereby improving the strength and stability of the support. When the grouting material, such as cement slurry, is subjected to pressure, it will overflow from the overflow hole on the anchor head 2 or the anchor body 1 and penetrate into the positioning hole of the rock and soil. This not only strengthens the connection between the anchor rod and the rock and soil, but also improves the overall strength of the rock and soil, further enhancing the support effect.

[0042] Secondly, the invention technology introduces the design of the grout stopper 4. The grout stopper 4 is arranged above the cone sleeve 36 to prevent the loss of cement slurry during the grouting process. Its sealing function ensures that the grouting material can fully fill the gap between the anchor rod and the rock and soil, improving the density and durability of the support. At the same time, the grout stopper 4 can also play a fixing role after the grouting is completed, preventing the cement slurry from flowing out during the subsequent construction process, further enhancing the reliability of the support.

[0043] In addition to the above-mentioned preferred embodiments, the present invention also has other implementation modes. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making any creative work are within the scope of protection requested by the present invention.

Claims

1. An anchor rod for geotechnical engineering, comprising an anchor body and an anchor head arranged at the front end of the anchor body, a detachable supporting device is arranged at the rear end of the anchor body, a nut is tightened below the supporting device, and the invention is characterized in that: The supporting device comprises: A supporting plate, arranged at the rear end of the anchor body and located above the nut; A side clamping plate is slidably disposed in the support plate and slides and extends toward the outer side of the support plate; A guide groove is provided on the upper surface of the support plate and is located above the side clamping plate; A driving column, fixedly connected to the side clamping plate and protruding from the guide groove to the upper surface of the supporting plate; A cone platform, fixedly mounted on the support plate and located above the support plate; The cone sliding sleeve is sleeved on the cone platform, and the cone sliding sleeve slides downward on the cone platform to abut against the driving column and push the side clamping plate to slide toward the outer side of the supporting support plate.

2. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front end of the side clamping plate is cone-shaped.

3. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device further comprises a limiting ring, which is fixedly connected to the top of the support plate via a support column, and a gap is provided between the limiting ring and the driving column.

4. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The limiting ring is arranged on the outer side of the cone sliding sleeve, and there is a gap between the limiting ring and the cone sliding sleeve, and the cone sliding sleeve slides along the gap.

5. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 3, characterized in that: The cone sliding sleeve is provided with a direction dividing groove, and the direction dividing groove is aligned with the support column.

6. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: The anchor head comprises a countersunk bolt and an expansion tube. The countersunk bolt is threadedly connected to the anchor body. The expansion tube is sleeved on the countersunk bolt. The expansion tube is expanded by rotating the countersunk bolt of the anchor body.

7. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The outer side of the expansion tube is provided with an anti-slip sheet inclined outward.

8. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 6, characterized in that: The anchor body is a hollow tube.

9. The anchor rod for geotechnical engineering according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a slurry stop plug, which is arranged above the cone sliding sleeve.

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