Packaged perovskite solar cell

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and particularly discloses a packaged perovskite solar cell, which comprises a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a perovskite functional layer, a packaging assembly and a packaging cover plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and is characterized in that the packaging assembly comprises a first packaging adhesive and a second packaging adhesive which have different viscosities; wherein the first packaging adhesive is arranged between the transparent conductive layer and the packaging cover plate and forms a sealed space, the outer surface of the perovskite functional layer is covered with the passivation layer, and the passivation layer and the perovskite functional layer are both located in the sealed space; and the second packaging adhesive is filled in the residual sealing space and is in contact with the transparent conductive layer, the passivation layer, the first packaging adhesive and the packaging cover plate. According to the utility model, the corrosion of water and oxygen to the perovskite functional layer can be effectively blocked through multiple sealing barriers, and meanwhile, the viscosity of the first packaging adhesive is greater than that of the second packaging adhesive, so that the coating for manufacturing a fluid packaging layer is facilitated, the problems of uniformity and cracking of a later material can be effectively reduced, and the service life of the cell is remarkably prolonged.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of perovskite solar cells, and in particular relates to a packaged perovskite solar cell. Background Art

[0002] With the development of solar cell technology, improving energy conversion efficiency and reducing device costs have become the key to large-scale application of solar cell technology. Compared with crystalline silicon cells, perovskite solar cells have the advantages of solution processing, abundant raw materials, and low production costs. The efficiency of a single cell in the laboratory can reach 25.7%, and the efficiency of a stacked cell combining perovskite solar cells and crystalline silicon cells can reach 32%, which makes perovskite solar cells or stacked cells containing perovskite solar cells expected to become a new generation of commercial photovoltaic cells.

[0003] Due to the unique properties of perovskite solar cells, their photoelectric conversion layer is easily affected by water and oxygen in the environment and undergoes irreversible decomposition and deterioration, thereby affecting the photoelectric conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells. Therefore, in order to ensure the service life of perovskite cells outdoors, battery packaging becomes particularly important.

[0004] In the prior art, when a photovoltaic module including a perovskite solar cell is packaged, butyl adhesive is usually provided between the upper and lower glass cover plates of the photovoltaic module. During outdoor use, the bonding interface between the butyl adhesive and the glass is easily invaded by water vapor, which reduces the bonding strength between the butyl adhesive and the glass, and the butyl adhesive delaminates and separates from the glass, causing the packaging of the photovoltaic module to fail, thereby reducing the reliability of the module and shortening the service life of the module. In addition, there is also an unreasonable packaging structure that makes the sealing insufficient, so that the deliquescence protection does not meet the requirements, the service life is still short, the leakage of lead metal cannot be suppressed, the packaging material has environmental problems such as environmental pollution caused by harmful substances, and poor mechanical properties. In order to solve the problems of deliquescence and lead leakage of perovskite solar cells, it is urgent to design a suitable packaging device, a corresponding material matching scheme and a packaging method to meet indoor and outdoor scene applications.

[0005] In view of this, this utility model is proposed. Utility Model Content

[0006] The purpose of the utility model is to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned prior art and provide a packaged perovskite solar cell, which is mainly used to solve the various problems caused by the use of butyl adhesive to bond the existing perovskite solar cells during packaging, such as easy delamination and separation from the glass, and the unreasonable packaging structure resulting in insufficient sealing. The utility model provides multiple sealing barriers that can effectively block the corrosion of water and oxygen on the perovskite solar cell, improve the stability and reliability of the battery when used indoors and outdoors, thereby achieving the purpose of extending the battery life.

[0007] The purpose of the utility model is to solve the problem through the following technical solutions:

[0008] The utility model provides a packaged perovskite solar cell, comprising a substrate, a transparent conductive layer, a perovskite functional layer, a packaging component and a packaging cover plate stacked in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the packaging component comprises a first packaging glue and a second packaging glue, and the first packaging glue and the second packaging glue are resins with different viscosities;

[0009] The first packaging glue is arranged at the edge between the transparent conductive layer and the packaging cover plate, and is bonded to the two to form a sealed space, the upper surface and surrounding of the perovskite functional layer are covered with a passivation layer, the lower surfaces of the perovskite functional layer and the passivation layer are in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the perovskite functional layer and the passivation layer are both located in the sealed space;

[0010] The second packaging glue is filled in the sealed space and contacts the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer, the upper surface and surrounding of the passivation layer, the inner surface of the first packaging glue and the lower surface of the packaging cover plate.

[0011] It should be noted that, in the utility model, the encapsulation cover plate and the transparent conductive layer are bonded and fixed together by a first encapsulation glue, and the second encapsulation glue completely wraps the passivation layer and is bonded to the first encapsulation glue as a whole. Since the second encapsulation glue also has the function of preventing water and oxygen from invading the interior of the perovskite functional layer, the multiple sealing barriers formed by the first encapsulation glue, the second encapsulation glue and the passivation layer on the perovskite functional layer can effectively block the influence of water, oxygen and the like on the perovskite solar cell.

[0012] Furthermore, the viscosity of the first packaging glue is greater than the viscosity of the second packaging glue.

[0013] Furthermore, the viscosity of the first packaging glue is greater than 10 cps and less than or equal to 10000 cps, and the viscosity of the second packaging glue is greater than or equal to 10 cps and less than or equal to 40 cps.

[0014] It should be noted that the viscosity of the first packaging glue and the second packaging glue can be selected according to actual packaging requirements. For example, the optional viscosity of the first packaging glue is 15cps, 30cps, 60cps, 100cps, 300cps, 500ps, 1000cps, 3000cps, 5000cps, 8000cps, 10000cps, etc., which are not listed one by one; the optional viscosity of the second packaging glue is 10cps, 14cps, 20cps, 25cps, 30cps, 35ps, 40cps, etc., which are not listed one by one.

[0015] Furthermore, the thickness of the first packaging glue and the second packaging glue are both 5 μm to 100 μm, and the optional thickness is 5 μm, 10 μm, 20 μm, 40 μm, 80 μm, 100 μm, etc., which are not listed one by one.

[0016] Furthermore, the first packaging glue is epoxy resin, and the second packaging glue is acrylic resin.

[0017] Furthermore, the first packaging glue and the second packaging glue are both made by thermal curing or UV curing.

[0018] Furthermore, the material of the passivation layer is one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride or aluminum oxide.

[0019] Furthermore, the thickness of the passivation layer is 50 nm to 2 μm.

[0020] Furthermore, the perovskite functional layer includes a hole transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, an electron transport layer and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the lower surface of the hole transport layer is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the upper surface of the back electrode layer is in contact with the inner top surface of the passivation layer;

[0021] Alternatively, the perovskite functional layer includes an electron transport layer, a perovskite light absorption layer, a hole transport layer and a back electrode layer stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the lower surface of the electron transport layer contacts the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer, and the upper surface of the back electrode layer contacts the top surface of the passivation layer.

[0022] Furthermore, the material of the substrate and the packaging cover plate includes any one of ultra-clear glass plate, tempered glass plate, stainless steel plate, metal foil, polyethylene terephthalate plate or polyethylene naphthalate plate, and polyimide.

[0023] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects:

[0024] The packaged perovskite solar cell provided by the utility model has multiple barriers (including a first barrier formed by a first packaging glue, a second barrier formed by a second packaging glue, and a third barrier formed by a passivation layer) for sealing the perovskite functional layer between the transparent conductive layer and the packaging cover plate, thereby completely sealing the perovskite functional layer, and can effectively block the erosion of the perovskite functional layer by water and oxygen in the environment, thereby improving the service life of the perovskite solar cell; in addition, the viscosity of the first packaging glue in the utility model is greater than the viscosity of the second packaging glue, and such a setting is conducive to the coating of the fluid packaging layer, which can effectively reduce the uniformity and cracking problems of the later materials, so that the battery can operate stably and reliably for a long time, and further improve the service life of the battery; at the same time, the packaged perovskite solar cell proposed by the utility model has a simple structure and low production cost, which is conducive to commercial application. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] The accompanying drawings herein are incorporated into and constitute a part of this specification, and together with the description, are used to explain the principles of the present utility model.

[0026] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the utility model or the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, for ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0027] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the perovskite solar cell encapsulated by the utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of another packaged perovskite solar cell of the utility model.

[0029] in:

[0030] 1 is a substrate;

[0031] 2 is a transparent conductive layer;

[0032] 3 is a perovskite functional layer; 31 is an electron transport layer; 32 is a perovskite light absorption layer; 33 is a hole transport layer; 34 is a back electrode layer;

[0033] 4 is a passivation layer;

[0034] 5 is a packaging component; 51 is a first packaging glue; 52 is a second packaging glue;

[0035] 6 is a packaging cover. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] Here, exemplary embodiments will be described in detail, examples of which are shown in the accompanying drawings. When the following description refers to the drawings, unless otherwise indicated, the same numbers in different drawings represent the same or similar elements. The embodiments described in the following exemplary embodiments do not represent all embodiments consistent with the utility model. Instead, they are only examples consistent with some aspects of the utility model described in detail in the attached claims.

[0037] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0038] Example 1

[0039] See also Figure 1 , 2 The embodiment of the utility model provides a packaged perovskite solar cell, comprising a substrate 1, a transparent conductive layer 2, a perovskite functional layer 3, a packaging component 5 and a packaging cover plate 6 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the packaging component 5 comprises a first packaging glue 51 and a second packaging glue 52, and the first packaging glue 51 and the second packaging glue 52 are made of resins with different viscosities; wherein the first packaging glue 51 is arranged at the edge between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the packaging cover plate 6, and is bonded to the two (the transparent conductive layer 2 and the packaging cover plate 6) to form a sealed space, the upper surface and surrounding of the perovskite functional layer 3 are covered with a passivation layer 4, the lower surfaces of the perovskite functional layer 3 and the passivation layer 4 are in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 2, and the perovskite functional layer 3 and the passivation layer 4 are both located in the sealed space; the second packaging glue 52 is filled in the sealed space, and is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 2, the upper surface and surrounding of the passivation layer 4, the inner surface of the first packaging glue 51 and the lower surface of the packaging cover plate 6.

[0040] It can be seen from the above settings that the first packaging glue 51 bonds and fixes the packaging cover plate 6 and the transparent conductive layer 2 together, and the second packaging glue 52 completely wraps the passivation layer 4, and is bonded to the first packaging glue 51 as a whole. Since the second packaging glue 52 also has the function of preventing water and oxygen from invading, the multiple sealing barriers formed by the first packaging glue 51, the second packaging glue 52 and the passivation layer 4 on the perovskite functional layer 3 make it difficult for water and oxygen in the external environment to enter the perovskite functional layer 3 to corrode it. Among them, the first packaging glue 51 serves as the first barrier to block water and oxygen, and the second packaging glue 52 serves as the second barrier to block water and oxygen, and the passivation layer 4 not only serves as the third barrier to block water and oxygen, but also prevents the second packaging glue 52 from directly contacting the perovskite functional layer 3, thereby affecting the working performance of the perovskite solar cell. Therefore, the encapsulated perovskite solar cell provided by the utility model can effectively block water and oxygen from corroding it, improve the stability and reliability of the battery when used indoors and outdoors, thereby achieving the purpose of extending the service life of the battery.

[0041] The utility model does not impose any restriction on the specific shape of the first packaging glue 51, as long as the first packaging glue 51 can be connected between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the packaging cover plate 6 to form a sealed space, and the sealed space can completely accommodate the perovskite functional layer 3 arranged on the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 2. Usually, since the perovskite functional layer 3 is generally rectangular, the first packaging glue 51 as a whole is usually a rectangular frame.

[0042] Specifically, the material of the substrate 1 and the packaging cover plate 6 in the utility model includes any one of ultra-white glass plate, tempered glass plate, stainless steel plate, metal foil, polyethylene terephthalate plate or polyethylene naphthalate plate, and polyimide, which can be selected according to different perovskite solar cells.

[0043] The material of the transparent conductive layer 2 in the utility model includes one or more of indium tin oxide (ITO), aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO), indium-doped zinc oxide (IZO), fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), indium tungsten oxide (IWO), indium cerium oxide (ICO), and Ag nanowires, and the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 2 is generally set to 80nm to 400nm.

[0044] The perovskite functional layer 3 in the utility model comprises a hole transport layer 33, a perovskite light absorption layer 32, an electron transport layer 31 and a back electrode layer 34 which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top. The lower surface of the hole transport layer 33 contacts the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer 2, and the upper surface of the back electrode layer 34 contacts the inner top surface of the passivation layer 4, forming a positive perovskite solar cell such as Figure 1 As shown; or the electron transport layer 31 and the hole transport layer 33 are interchanged to form a positive perovskite solar cell, such as Figure 2 shown.

[0045] Furthermore, the material of the electron transport layer 31 includes TiO2, SnO2, ZnO2, IZO, WO3, Nb2O5, C 60 , PCBM fullerene and derivatives, BaSnO3 or AZO, the thickness of the electron transport layer 31 is 5nm to 100nm; the material of the perovskite light absorption layer 32 is a narrow bandgap perovskite light-absorbing material, including a halide crystal with an ABX3 structure; wherein A is at least one of methylamine, guanidine, and cesium, B is any one of Sn, Bi, Sb, Ge, Cu or Pb ions, and X is at least one of halogen F, Cl, Br, and I. The thickness of the perovskite light absorption layer 32 is 80nm to 500nm; the material of the hole transport layer 33 includes any one of NiOx, MoS, MoO, CuS, CuSCN, PTAA, PEDOT or Spiro-MeOTAD, or a combination of at least two of them. Typical but non-limiting combinations include NiO x and MoS; the material of the back electrode layer 34 includes any one or a combination of at least two of Au, Ag, Cu, Al, Cr, Mo, carbon material, fluorine-doped tin oxide, indium-doped tin oxide, aluminum-doped zinc oxide, boron-doped zinc oxide or aluminum-doped tin oxide.

[0046] The material of the passivation layer 4 in the utility model is one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride or aluminum oxide, and its thickness is generally set to 50nm to 2μm, and the specific thickness is determined according to the actual situation. The purpose of setting the passivation layer 4 is to further enhance the barrier effect against water vapor, and at the same time, it can also provide a flat surface for subsequent film formation to prevent defect expansion.

[0047] In some applications, the passivation layer 4 may be an organic passivation layer. The material used to prepare the organic passivation layer includes any one of arylene diamine derivatives, carbazole derivatives (derivatives containing carbazole groups and heterocyclic groups bonded to carbazole groups), phosphorus-oxy derivatives and quinolinone derivatives.

[0048] It should be noted that the viscosity of the first encapsulation glue 51 in the present invention is greater than the viscosity of the second encapsulation glue 52. This is set because when the first encapsulation glue 51 is filled between the transparent conductive layer 2 and the encapsulation cover plate 6 to form a sealed space, it needs to have a certain fluidity to achieve the effect of finally completely filling the sealed space. Among them, the viscosity of the first encapsulation glue 51 is greater than 10cps and less than or equal to 10000cps, and the viscosity of the second encapsulation glue 52 is greater than or equal to 10cps and less than or equal to 40cps. The specific viscosity is selected according to the actual situation, but it is necessary to satisfy that the viscosity of the first encapsulation glue 51 is greater than the viscosity of the second encapsulation glue 52. This setting is conducive to the coating of the fluid encapsulation layer, which can effectively reduce the uniformity of the later materials and other cracking problems, so that the battery can operate stably and reliably for a long time.

[0049] Furthermore, in the present invention, the thickness of the first packaging glue 51 and the second packaging glue 52 are both in the range of 5 μm to 100 μm, and the specific thickness is set according to actual conditions; preferably, the first packaging glue 51 is epoxy resin, and the second packaging glue 52 is acrylic resin.

[0050] In the present invention, the first encapsulation glue 51 and the second encapsulation glue 52 are both made by heat curing or UV curing. Specifically, they are applied to the substrate by inkjet printing, spraying, roller coating, scraping, screen printing, dispensing, coating or spin coating, and then cured by heating or ultraviolet exposure to form a polymer film. It can be selected according to specific circumstances. The temperature when using heat curing can be between 50°C and 100°C. The specific temperature value is determined according to the viscosity and specific composition of the first encapsulation glue 51 and the second encapsulation glue 52, but the temperature should not exceed 100°C to avoid adverse effects on the process.

[0051] In this embodiment, since the viscosity of the first encapsulation glue 51 is greater than the viscosity of the second encapsulation glue 52, the second encapsulation glue 52 is coated by inkjet printing to improve the preparation quality of the second encapsulation glue 52. It should be noted that it is not suitable to adopt the natural curing method. Since most encapsulation materials have a long curing time, the perovskite solar cell is easily accelerated to oxidize or enter dust when exposed to the air for a long time, affecting the product quality. The advantage of adopting the above structure and process is that it can solve the problem that the three-dimensional network structure formed by the traditional encapsulation layer after curing and cross-linking easily generates large internal stress, causing the encapsulation glue to crack and become brittle, thereby resulting in a decrease in sealing performance, thereby improving the service life of the perovskite solar cell.

[0052] The above description is only a specific embodiment of the present invention, so that those skilled in the art can understand or implement the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be obvious to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

[0053] It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the above-described contents, and various modifications and changes can be made without departing from its scope. The scope of the present invention is limited only by the appended claims.

Claims

1. A packaged perovskite solar cell, comprising a substrate (1), a transparent conductive layer (2), a perovskite functional layer (3), a packaging component (5) and a packaging cover plate (6) stacked in sequence from bottom to top, characterized in that: The packaging component (5) comprises a first packaging glue (51) and a second packaging glue (52), the first packaging glue (51) and the second packaging glue (52) are both made of resin, and the viscosity of the first packaging glue (51) is greater than the viscosity of the second packaging glue (52); The first packaging glue (51) is arranged at the edge between the transparent conductive layer (2) and the packaging cover plate (6), and is bonded to the two to form a sealed space; the upper surface and surrounding areas of the perovskite functional layer (3) are covered with a passivation layer (4); the lower surfaces of the perovskite functional layer (3) and the passivation layer (4) are in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (2); and the perovskite functional layer (3) and the passivation layer (4) are both located in the sealed space; The second packaging glue (52) is filled in the sealed space and is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (2), the upper surface and surrounding of the passivation layer (4), the inner surface of the first packaging glue (51) and the lower surface of the packaging cover plate (6).

2. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The viscosity of the first packaging glue (51) is greater than 10 cps and less than or equal to 10000 cps, and the viscosity of the second packaging glue (52) is greater than or equal to 10 cps and less than or equal to 40 cps.

3. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the first packaging glue (51) and the second packaging glue (52) are both 5 μm to 100 μm.

4. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The first packaging glue (51) is epoxy resin, and the second packaging glue (52) is acrylic resin.

5. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The first packaging glue (51) and the second packaging glue (52) are both made by thermal curing or UV curing.

6. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the passivation layer (4) is one of silicon nitride, silicon oxide, silicon oxynitride or aluminum oxide.

7. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The thickness of the passivation layer (4) is 50 nm to 2 μm.

8. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to claim 1, characterized in that The perovskite functional layer (3) comprises a hole transport layer (33), a perovskite light absorption layer (32), an electron transport layer (31) and a back electrode layer (34) which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, the lower surface of the hole transport layer (33) is in contact with the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (2), and the upper surface of the back electrode layer (34) is in contact with the inner top surface of the passivation layer (4); Alternatively, the perovskite functional layer (3) comprises an electron transport layer (31), a perovskite light absorption layer (32), a hole transport layer (33) and a back electrode layer (34) which are stacked in sequence from bottom to top, wherein the lower surface of the electron transport layer (31) contacts the upper surface of the transparent conductive layer (2), and the upper surface of the back electrode layer (34) contacts the inner top surface of the passivation layer (4).

9. The encapsulated perovskite solar cell according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that: The material of the substrate (1) and the packaging cover plate (6) is any one of ultra-white glass plate, tempered glass plate, stainless steel plate, metal foil, polyethylene terephthalate plate or polyethylene naphthalate plate, and polyimide.

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