Straw strip deep-rotary fertilization and seeding operation machine

Abstract

The utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and particularly relates to a straw strip deep rotary tillage fertilization and seeding operation machine which comprises a seeding unit, a fertilization unit, a rotary tillage unit and a straw cutting unit which are sequentially arranged on a traction machine in the traction direction. The straw cutting-off unit comprises a rack, cutting-off blades arranged on the rack and a transverse conveying assembly which corresponds to the cutting-off blades and is located above the cutting-off blades, every two adjacent rows of crops form a gathering belt, and the cutting-off blades correspond to the rows of crops respectively; the transverse conveying assemblies are located on the two sides of the gathering belts and used for gathering straw of crops in the gathering belts, the fertilization unit comprises a fertilizer falling pipe, the rotary tillage unit comprises a rotary tillage cutter, and the fertilizer falling pipe, the rotary tillage cutter and a seed falling opening of the sowing unit correspond to the gathering belts respectively and are located between two rows of crops in the gathering belts. Water and soil loss caused by wind erosion in arid regions can be effectively reduced, and the survival rate and normal development of crops are guaranteed.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the field of agricultural machinery, and in particular relates to a straw strip deep rotary fertilizing and sowing machine. Background Art

[0002] In agricultural planting, usually after the previous crop is harvested, the stubble remover and tiller are used to prepare the land for the next crop. However, in arid and windy areas, the soil is loose and exposed after rotary tillage and sowing, which aggravates the problem of wind erosion and water evaporation loss before the roots and plants of the next crop grow, which is not conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. Utility Model Content

[0003] In order to solve the problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, the utility model provides a straw strip deep rotary fertilization and sowing machine, which can effectively improve the ability of windproof, sand fixation and water retention in fields in arid areas, and ensure the survival rate and normal development of crops.

[0004] The specific technical solution adopted by the utility model is:

[0005] A straw strip deep rotary fertilization and sowing machine comprises a sowing unit, a fertilizing unit, a rotary tillage unit and a straw cutting unit which are arranged on a tractor in sequence along the traction direction. The key point is that the straw cutting unit comprises a frame, a cutting blade arranged on the frame and a transverse transmission component which is arranged corresponding to the cutting blade and is located above the cutting blade. Two adjacent rows of crops form a gathering belt. The cutting blades are respectively arranged corresponding to each row of crops. The transverse transmission components are located on both sides of the gathering belt and are used for gathering the straw of the crops in the gathering belt between the two rows of crops. The fertilizing unit comprises a fertilizer drop pipe, and the rotary tillage unit comprises a rotary tillage knife. The fertilizer drop pipe, the rotary tillage knife and the seed drop port of the sowing unit are respectively arranged corresponding to each gathering belt and are located between the two rows of crops in the gathering belt.

[0006] The transverse transmission assembly comprises guide plates respectively located on both sides of the gathering belt, the two guide plates gradually approach each other in the opposite direction of the traction direction to form a V-shaped structure, and the cutting blade is located between the front and rear ends of the guide plates.

[0007] The distance between the cutting blade and the ground is 18-30cm.

[0008] The rotary tillage unit also includes a mounting frame connected to the traction machine, a driving wheel and an auxiliary wheel connected by means of the mounting frame, and a chain matched with the driving wheel and the auxiliary wheel. The driving wheel and the auxiliary wheel are connected by means of a support arm fixed to the mounting frame. The chain is arranged obliquely downward along the traction direction by means of the driving wheel and the auxiliary wheel. The chains are respectively located between two rows of crops in each gathering belt, and the rotary tillage blade is arranged on the chain.

[0009] The fertilization unit also includes a fertilizer box arranged on the tractor, the fertilizer drop pipe is connected to the fertilizer box, a fertilizer drop port is arranged at the rear of the lower end of the fertilizer drop pipe, a group of layered plates arranged in sequence from top to bottom are arranged on the fertilizer drop port, the fertilizer drop pipe is inclined and gradually rises from front to back, and a deep loosening shovel is arranged on the front side of the fertilizer drop pipe.

[0010] The layered plate is in a ridge-like structure with a high middle and low sides.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the utility model are:

[0012] The utility model uses two adjacent rows of crops as a gathering belt, adopts a transverse transmission component to gather the cut straws of the two rows of crops to the middle part of the gathering belt and lay them in the field, and performs rotary tillage operation between the two rows of crops in each gathering belt through a rotary tillage unit. During the rotary tillage and loosening soil, the straws are broken and mixed evenly with the broken soil, and the fertilization unit and the sowing unit perform fertilization and sowing operations in turn at the position after the rotary tillage operation, and the stubble of the previous season's crops is retained in the field, and the root system of the stubble is used to anchor the soil in the field at the planting position, and the part of the stubble located above the ground shields the soil after rotary tillage and sowing, which plays a role in preventing wind and fixing sand and retaining water, and can effectively reduce soil and water loss caused by wind erosion in arid areas, and help reduce the amount of irrigation and the number of irrigation times. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0013] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model;

[0014] Figure 2 It is a top view of the straw cutting unit and the gathering belt;

[0015] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the fertilizer drop pipe;

[0016] In the attached drawings, 1. tractor, 2. fertilization unit, 21. fertilizer box, 22. fertilizer drop pipe, 23. layering plate, 24. deep loosening shovel, 25. fertilizer drop port, 3. rotary tillage unit, 31. mounting frame, 32. driving wheel, 33. hydraulic telescopic cylinder, 34. auxiliary wheel, 35. chain, 36. support arm, 37. rotary tillage knife, 4. straw cutting unit, 41. cutting blade, 42. horizontal transmission component, 43. frame, 5. crop, 6. gathering belt, 7. straw. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0017] The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments:

[0018] Specific implementation examples Figure 1-3As shown, a straw strip deep rotary fertilization and sowing machine includes a sowing unit, a fertilizing unit 2, a rotary tillage unit 3 and a straw cutting unit 4 which are arranged on a tractor in sequence along the traction direction. The key point is that the straw cutting unit 4 includes a frame 43, a cutting blade 41 arranged on the frame 43 and a transverse transmission component 42 which is arranged corresponding to the cutting blade 41 and is located above the cutting blade 41. Two adjacent rows of crops 5 are a gathering belt 6. The cutting blades 41 are respectively arranged corresponding to each row of crops. The transverse transmission component 42 is located on both sides of the gathering belt 6 and is used to gather the straw 7 of the crops 5 in the gathering belt 6 between the two rows of crops 5. The fertilizing unit 2 includes a fertilizer drop pipe 22, and the rotary tillage unit 3 includes a rotary tillage knife 37. The fertilizer drop pipe 22, the rotary tillage knife 37 and the seed drop port of the sowing unit are respectively arranged corresponding to each gathering belt 6 and are located between the two rows of crops 5 in the gathering belt 6. The distance between the cutting blade 41 and the ground is 18-30cm. In this embodiment, the distance between the cutting blade 41 and the ground is preferably 20cm, that is, the stubble of the crop 5 remains at a height of 20cm on the ground. The root system of the stubble forms a grip on the soil. The stubble 20cm above the ground can also improve the shielding of the ground, reduce the effect of wind on the ground and the scouring effect of rainfall on the soil, effectively prevent soil erosion and water evaporation loss in the plot, play a role in preventing wind and fixing sand, and at the same time improve the water retention of the soil.

[0019] The transverse conveying assembly 42 includes guide plates respectively located on both sides of the gathering belt 6, and the two guide plates gradually approach each other in the opposite direction of the traction direction to form a V-shaped structure, and a plurality of guide plates arranged in sequence along the height direction are respectively arranged on both sides of the gathering belt 6. In this embodiment, two guide plates are respectively arranged along the height direction on both sides to push the upper and lower sections of the cut straw 7. The cutting blade 41 is located between the front and rear ends of the guide plate. When working, the front end of the guide plate first contacts the crop and guides the crop, and then the cutting blade 41 cuts off the upper part of the crop. The cut straw 7 is pushed by the guide plate to fall between the two rows of crops 5 in the gathering belt 6;

[0020] The rotary tillage unit 3 also includes a mounting frame 31 connected to the tractor, a driving wheel 32 connected by means of the mounting frame 31, an auxiliary wheel, and a chain 35 matched with the driving wheel 32 and the auxiliary wheel 34. The driving wheel 32 and the auxiliary wheel 34 are connected by means of a support arm 36 fixedly connected to the mounting frame 31. The chain 35 is arranged to be inclined downward along the traction direction by means of the driving wheel 32 and the auxiliary wheel 34. The chain 35 is respectively located between two rows of crops 5 in each gathering belt 6. A rotary tillage blade 37 is arranged on the chain 35. The mounting frame 31 and the tractor 1 are lifted and lowered by means of a hydraulic telescopic cylinder. The mounting frame 31 drives the front end of the support arm 36 to be pressed down by means of the extension of the hydraulic telescopic cylinder. At the same time, the driving wheel 32 rotates to drive the chain 35 to rotate. The rotary tillage blade 37 on the chain 35 hits the crops in the gathering belt 6. The soil between the two rows of crops 5 is rotary tilled, and the straw 7 laid on the soil is broken up and brought into the soil during rotary tillage. During the rotation of the chain 35, the rotary tiller 37 located at the upper section of the chain 35 contacts the soil from top to bottom to break the soil and rotary tillage. The rotary tiller 37 at the lower section of the chain 35 throws the soil up from bottom to top and makes the soil fall to the rear of the chain 35. After the operation is completed, the hydraulic telescopic cylinder contracts to lift the front end of the support arm 36 off the ground. The rotary tillage unit can adjust the rotary tillage depth and is suitable for rotary tillage requiring a deeper rotary tillage depth. In this embodiment, the rotary tillage depth is 50 cm, which helps to promote the growth of crop roots and enables crops to absorb moisture in the deep soil. At the same time, it is convenient for the fertilization unit 2 to spread fertilizer in the deep soil to provide fertilizer for crops with different growth cycles.

[0021] The straw 7 in the soil at different depths absorbs part of the fertilizer spread by the fertilization unit 2 and stores the fertilizer, preventing the fertilizer from being carried away by water due to irrigation or watering, and preventing the fertilizer from being deposited and causing soil pollution. When the soil fertilizer is insufficient during the growth of crops, the fertilizer stored in the straw 7 can be slowly released for crop absorption. At the same time, the straw 7 provides nutrients to the soil after decomposition, which helps to fix soil carbon and increase the organic carbon density of the rotary tillage layer.

[0022] The fertilization unit 2 also includes a fertilizer box 21 arranged on the tractor 1, and a fertilizer pipe 22 is connected to the fertilizer box 21. A fertilizer outlet 25 is arranged at the rear of the lower end of the fertilizer pipe 22, and a group of layered plates 23 are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the fertilizer outlet 25. The fertilizer pipe 22 is inclined from front to back and gradually rises. A deep loosening shovel 24 is arranged at the front side of the fertilizer pipe 22. The fertilization unit 2 performs fertilization on the soil after rotary tillage, and the soil is shoveled by the deep loosening shovel 24 so that the fertilizer pipe 22 can move on the ground. The fertilizer in the fertilizer box 21 falls along the fertilizer drop pipe 22 to the fertilizer drop port 25 at the lower end of the fertilizer drop pipe 22, passes through the layering plates 23 in sequence, and slides backward along each layering plate 23 to the soil at different depths, so that the roots of the crops can absorb the fertilizer layer by layer during their growth, providing fertilizer for different growth cycles of the crops, effectively improving the utilization rate of the fertilizer, reducing the amount of fertilizer applied, and helping to promote crop growth. At the same time, the decomposition speed of the straw is increased, the content of organic carbon in the tillage layer is increased, and the planting cost is saved. The width of the layering plate 23 decreases from top to bottom.

[0023] The layered plate 23 is in a ridge-like structure with a high middle and low sides, which ensures that the fertilizer slides to both sides along the layered plate 23, improves the absorption effect of the fertilizer by the root system, and reduces the residue of the fertilizer in the soil.

[0024] After fertilization, the sowing unit sows between two rows of crops on each gathering belt 6 and completes the operation after compaction.

[0025] This embodiment adopts the method of leaving stubble in the field and rotary tilling, fertilizing and sowing between rows, which effectively prevents soil and water loss caused by wind erosion in arid areas, and increases the decomposition rate of straw through deep tilling and layered fertilization, so that the root system of crops can grow normally and fully absorb fertilizer, effectively saving planting costs.

Claims

1. A straw strip deep rotary fertilization and sowing machine, comprising a sowing unit, a fertilization unit (2), a rotary tillage unit (3) and a straw cutting unit (4) which are sequentially arranged on a tractor (1) along a traction direction, characterized in that: The straw cutting unit (4) comprises a frame (43), a cutting blade (41) arranged on the frame (43), and a transverse transmission component (42) arranged corresponding to the cutting blade (41) and located above the cutting blade (41); two adjacent rows of crops (5) form a gathering belt (6); the cutting blade (41) is arranged corresponding to each row of crops; the transverse transmission component (42) is located on both sides of the gathering belt (6) and is used to gather the straw (7) of the crops (5) in the gathering belt (6) between the two rows of crops (5); the fertilizing unit (2) comprises a fertilizer drop pipe (22); the rotary tillage unit (3) comprises a rotary tillage blade (37); the fertilizer drop pipe (22), the rotary tillage blade (37) and the seed drop port of the sowing unit are arranged corresponding to each gathering belt (6) and located between the two rows of crops (5) in the gathering belt (6).

2. A straw strip deep rotary fertilization and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transverse conveying assembly (42) comprises guide plates respectively located on both sides of the gathering belt (6), the two guide plates gradually approach each other in the opposite direction of the traction direction to form a V-shaped structure, and the cutting blade (41) is located between the front and rear ends of the guide plates.

3. The straw strip deep rotary fertilization and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The distance between the cutting blade (41) and the ground is 18-30 cm.

4. The straw strip deep rotary fertilization and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The rotary tillage unit (3) further comprises a mounting frame (31) connected to the tractor (1), a driving wheel (32) connected by means of the mounting frame (31), an auxiliary wheel, and a chain (35) matched with the driving wheel (32) and the auxiliary wheel (34); the driving wheel (32) and the auxiliary wheel (34) are connected by means of a support arm (36) fixedly connected to the mounting frame (31); the chain (35) is arranged obliquely downward along the traction direction by means of the driving wheel (32) and the auxiliary wheel (34); the chain (35) is respectively located between two rows of crops (5) in each gathering belt (6); and the rotary tillage blade (37) is arranged on the chain (35).

5. The straw strip deep rotary fertilization and seeding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that: The fertilizing unit (2) further comprises a fertilizer box (21) arranged on the tractor (1); the fertilizer drop pipe (22) is connected to the fertilizer box (21); a fertilizer drop opening (25) is arranged at the rear of the lower end of the fertilizer drop pipe (22); a group of layered plates (23) are arranged in sequence from top to bottom on the fertilizer drop opening (25); the fertilizer drop pipe (22) is inclined so as to gradually rise from front to back; and a deep loosening shovel (24) is arranged at the front side of the fertilizer drop pipe (22).

6. The straw strip deep rotary fertilization and seeding machine according to claim 5, characterized in that: The layered plate (23) is in a roof-like structure with a high middle and low sides.

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