Biomass solid waste pyrolysis and carbonization system

Abstract

The utility model relates to the technical field of resource conversion and utilization, in particular to a biomass solid waste pyrolysis and carbonization system which comprises a crushing device, a drying device and a pyrolysis device which are sequentially connected, and the pyrolysis device is provided with a pyrolysis carbon discharge port and a pyrolysis oil gas discharge port. The pyrolytic carbon discharging port is communicated with a pyrolytic carbon cooling device used for cooling pyrolytic carbon, the pyrolytic oil gas discharging port and the pyrolytic carbon cooling device are both communicated with a combustion device through pipelines, and the combustion device takes pyrolytic oil gas and biochar as fuel; a gas outlet of the combustion device is sequentially communicated to the pyrolysis device, the drying device and the waste heat recovery device; the waste heat recovery device is further provided with a combustion-supporting air inlet and a combustion-supporting air outlet, and the combustion-supporting air outlet is communicated with the air inlet of the combustion device and used for heating combustion-supporting air of the combustion device. A clean and efficient energy conversion mode with self-sufficient energy can be provided for a large amount of biomass waste, and fuel upgrading of the biomass waste is achieved with low energy consumption.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of resource conversion and utilization, and in particular to a biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system. Background Art

[0002] With the continuous increase in urban greening rates, the output of biomass waste such as urban fallen leaves and garden waste has also increased significantly. Biomass waste contains organic matter and nutrients such as lignin and cellulose, and has high utilization value in composting, fuel, and recycled materials. In engineering, common resource utilization methods of biomass waste include composting, energy utilization, and building material utilization. Among them, energy utilization is to press biomass waste into molded fuel or convert it into solid, liquid or gas fuel for calorific value utilization. This utilization method has a large processing scale and fast processing rate. It is suitable for processing large volumes of urban biomass waste, thereby reducing environmental pollution and waste of land resources caused by its large accumulation.

[0003] In the prior art, biomass direct combustion technology, biomass liquefaction technology and biomass gasification technology are generally used to utilize biomass for energy. Among the several energy utilization methods, biomass direct combustion technology is a technology that uses biomass directly as boiler fuel or mixes it with other fuels such as coal as boiler fuel for calorific value utilization. This method is simple and easy to implement, but it will have a great impact on the thermal performance of the boiler and will cause serious slagging and corrosion of the boiler heating surface. Biomass liquefaction technology is to convert solid biomass into liquid hydrocarbons and alcohol products through a series of chemical processing processes. According to the different technical routes of the chemical processing process, liquefaction can be divided into direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction. However, this method has the problems of complex conversion process, low conversion efficiency, high equipment and operation requirements, and more mechanism research and engineering demonstrations are still needed. Biomass gasification technology is a thermochemical reaction that uses air, water vapor or hydrogen as a gasifying agent to convert the combustible part of biomass into mixed combustible gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane through thermochemical reactions under high temperature conditions. The combustible gas product can be used as boiler fuel or power generation, or as syngas for indirect liquefaction to produce liquid fuels or chemical products such as methanol and dimethyl ether. However, this method still needs more practical exploration, especially the purification of gasification gas and the rational treatment of tar by-products, which are the bottleneck problems that biomass gasification technology needs to solve urgently.

[0004] Compared with the above-mentioned energy utilization methods, biomass pyrolysis carbonization technology has the advantages of strong applicability to biomass materials, relatively simple operation, and easy implementation. It is mainly a technology that heats and decomposes biomass into biochar and combustible gas in an oxygen-free environment. However, under the concept of urban sustainable development and ecological civilization construction, in order to make this technology play a greater role, it is still urgent to provide a highly adaptable, energy-self-sufficient, clean and efficient urban biomass waste pyrolysis carbonization method and system to further save energy and reduce consumption and reduce pollution and carbon in engineering applications. Utility Model Content

[0005] The purpose of the utility model is to provide a biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system, which can provide a self-sufficient, clean and efficient energy conversion method for a large amount of biomass waste, and achieve fuel quality improvement of biomass waste with lower energy consumption.

[0006] The embodiments of the present invention are implemented by the following technical solutions:

[0007] A biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system, comprising a crushing device, a drying device, and a pyrolysis device connected in sequence, wherein the pyrolysis device is provided with a pyrolysis char discharge port and a pyrolysis oil and gas discharge port, wherein the pyrolysis char discharge port is connected to a pyrolysis char cooling device for cooling the pyrolysis char, wherein the pyrolysis oil and gas discharge port and the pyrolysis char cooling device are both connected to a combustion device through a pipeline, wherein the combustion device uses the pyrolysis oil and gas as fuel;

[0008] The air outlet of the combustion device is connected to the pyrolysis device, the drying device and the waste heat recovery device in sequence; the waste heat recovery device is also provided with a combustion air inlet and a combustion air outlet, and the combustion air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the combustion device to heat the combustion air of the combustion device.

[0009] Furthermore, the drying device is provided with a biomass waste feed inlet, a biomass waste discharge port, a first flue gas inlet and a first flue gas outlet; the biomass waste feed inlet is connected to the crushing device, and the biomass waste discharge port is connected to the pyrolysis feed inlet of the pyrolysis device.

[0010] Furthermore, the first flue gas outlet of the drying device is sequentially connected to a first dust removal device, a first induced draft fan and a waste heat recovery device.

[0011] Furthermore, the flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is sequentially connected to a flue gas induced draft fan, a spray purification device and a chimney.

[0012] Furthermore, the outside of the pyrolytic carbon cooling device is connected to a cooling circulation device.

[0013] Furthermore, the cooling outlet of the pyrolytic carbon cooling device is connected to a biochar storage bin.

[0014] Furthermore, a pyrolysis oil and gas burner is provided on the combustion device, and the pyrolysis oil and gas and combustion-supporting air are sent into the combustion device through the pyrolysis oil and gas burner for combustion.

[0015] Furthermore, a heating jacket is provided on the outside of the pyrolysis device, and a second flue gas inlet and a second flue gas outlet are provided on the heating jacket; the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas outlet of the combustion device is sequentially processed by the second dust removal device and the second induced draft fan and then sent to the second flue gas inlet of the heating jacket, and the second flue gas outlet is connected to the first flue gas inlet of the drying device.

[0016] The technical solution of the embodiment of the utility model has at least the following advantages and beneficial effects:

[0017] 1. The pyrolysis carbonization system of the utility model is suitable for processing different types of urban biomass waste and converting them into biochar with high calorific value, high degree of homogenization and good crushing performance, which can be used as a substitute fuel for boiler coal later. More importantly, the pyrolysis carbonization system has the characteristic of energy self-sufficiency, that is, the energy consumption of drying and pyrolysis of urban biomass waste can be met by utilizing the produced pyrolysis oil and gas and a small amount of pyrolysis charcoal, without external energy supply.

[0018] 2. The pyrolysis carbonization system of the utility model has the characteristics of energy saving and carbon reduction, that is, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion furnace can provide thermal energy for the steps of pyrolysis of biomass waste, drying of biomass waste, preheating of combustion air in the combustion furnace, etc., thereby realizing the cascade utilization of the thermal energy of the high-temperature flue gas after combustion, reducing process energy consumption and potential carbon emissions. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the drawings required for use in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. It should be understood that the following drawings only show certain embodiments of the utility model and therefore should not be regarded as limiting the scope. For ordinary technicians in this field, other relevant drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A flow chart of a biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system provided in an embodiment of the utility model;

[0021] Icons: 1-Biomass waste storage tank, 2-picking device, 3-crushing device, 4-first belt conveyor, 5-drying furnace, 6-second belt conveyor, 7-pyrolysis furnace, 8-combustion furnace, 9-pyrolysis charcoal cooling device, 10-cooling circulation device, 11-third belt conveyor, 12-biochar storage silo, 13-first dust removal device, 14-waste heat recovery device, 15-spray purification device, 16-second dust removal device, 17-second induced draft fan, 18-first induced draft fan, 19-third induced draft fan, 20-pyrolysis oil and gas burner, 21-biochar burner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0022] In order to make the purpose, technical scheme and advantages of the embodiments of the utility model clearer, the technical scheme in the embodiments of the utility model will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the utility model. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the utility model, not all of the embodiments. Generally, the components of the embodiments of the utility model described and shown in the drawings here can be arranged and designed in various different configurations.

[0023] Example 1

[0024] A biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system comprises a crushing device, a drying device (such as a drying furnace 5), and a pyrolysis device (such as a pyrolysis furnace 7) connected in sequence, the pyrolysis device is provided with a pyrolysis charcoal discharge port and a pyrolysis oil and gas discharge port, the pyrolysis charcoal discharge port is connected to a pyrolysis charcoal cooling device for cooling the pyrolysis charcoal, the pyrolysis oil and gas discharge port is connected to a combustion device and uses the pyrolysis oil and gas as fuel; the top air outlet (high-temperature flue gas) of the combustion device (such as the combustion furnace 8) is connected to the pyrolysis device, the drying device and the waste heat recovery device in sequence; the waste heat recovery device is also provided with a combustion-supporting air inlet and a combustion-supporting air outlet, the combustion-supporting air outlet is connected to the biochar burner and the pyrolysis oil and gas burner of the combustion device.

[0025] More specifically, the front end of the crushing device is also connected to a biomass waste storage pool and a picking device. Before use, fallen leaves, gardening waste, clothing processing waste, etc. in the city can be sent to the biomass waste storage pool in advance, and then the biomass waste is sent to the crushing device 3 through a picking device 2 such as a mechanical claw, and the biomass waste is crushed into centimeter-level fragments, and then sent to the drying furnace 5 through the first belt conveyor 4. The drying furnace 5 is provided with a solid shaft spiral blade, so that the biomass waste in the drying furnace 5 can be transported from the feed end of the drying furnace 5 to the discharge end through the solid shaft spiral blade. It should be noted that the first flue gas outlet is arranged near the feed end of the drying furnace 5, and the first flue gas inlet is arranged near the discharge end of the drying furnace 5. In this way, in the process of conveying materials, the hot flue gas flows in the opposite direction from the first flue gas inlet of the drying furnace 5 to the first flue gas outlet, and the hot flue gas is in direct contact with the biomass waste, thereby achieving the drying of the biomass waste.

[0026] The dried biomass waste falls from the biomass waste outlet into the feed end of the second belt conveyor 6, and is then sent to the feed system of the pyrolysis furnace 7. The cylinder of the pyrolysis furnace 7 rotates under the action of the driving device to achieve uniform pyrolysis. The biomass waste is transported from the feed port to the discharge port under the driving action of the spiral blades inside the pyrolysis furnace 7 and the action of gravity. At the same time, a heating jacket is provided on the outside of the pyrolysis furnace 7, a second flue gas inlet is provided at the bottom of the heating jacket, a second flue gas outlet is provided at the top, and a baffle is provided inside the heating jacket. The hot flue gas enters from the second flue gas inlet on the heating jacket, and flows from a low place to a high place to the second flue gas outlet under the guidance of the baffle, thereby heating the inside of the pyrolysis furnace 7. The flow direction of the hot flue gas is opposite to the transport direction of the biomass waste. Under the indirect heating action of the hot flue gas, the biomass waste in the pyrolysis furnace 7 is pyrolyzed and carbonized during the transportation process to form pyrolysis charcoal and pyrolysis oil gas.

[0027] The pyrolytic char is discharged from the pyrolytic char discharge port of the pyrolytic furnace 7 and enters the pyrolytic char cooling device 9. The pyrolytic char in the cooling device 9 is transported by a solid shaft spiral blade, and cooling water is introduced into the peripheral cooling bin of the cooling device 9 by the cooling circulation device 10, so that the pyrolytic char is cooled during transportation. The water flowing out of the cooling bin is then sent to the cooling circulation device 10 under the action of a water pump, and is circulated and sent to the cooling bin after cooling. After being discharged from the cooling discharge port of the cooling device 9, the pyrolytic char falls into the third belt conveyor 11 and is sent to the biochar storage bin 12 to be used as carbonaceous fuel, and then sent to the combustion furnace 8.

[0028] The combustion furnace 8 uses the pyrolysis oil and gas and a small amount of biochar as fuel. The biochar fuel and combustion-supporting air are sent into the combustion furnace 8 through the biochar burner 21 for combustion, and the pyrolysis oil and gas and combustion-supporting air are sent into the combustion furnace 8 through the pyrolysis oil and gas burner 20 for combustion. The ash after combustion is discharged from the ash discharge port at the bottom of the combustion furnace 8, and the high-temperature flue gas after combustion is discharged from the flue gas outlet at the top of the combustion furnace 8, and passes through the second dust removal device (cyclone dust removal device 16) and the second induced draft fan 17 in turn, and is sent into the heating jacket of the pyrolysis furnace 7 from the second flue gas inlet, and then discharged from the second flue gas outlet of the heating jacket. The second flue gas outlet of the heating jacket is connected to the first flue gas inlet of the drying furnace 5, and the flue gas enters the first flue gas inlet of the drying furnace 5 from the second flue gas outlet of the heating jacket, and then is discharged from the first flue gas outlet of the drying furnace 5, and then circulates to the first dust removal device (cyclone dust removal device 13), the first induced draft fan 18 and the waste heat recovery device 14 in turn.

[0029] The waste heat recovery device 14 is also provided with a combustion air inlet and a combustion air outlet. The waste heat recovery device 14 can adopt a heat storage heat exchanger or a shell and tube heat exchanger to recover and utilize the heat of the flue gas discharged from the drying furnace 5 to heat the combustion air of the combustion furnace 8. The heated combustion air is sent into the biochar burner and the pyrolysis oil and gas burner of the combustion furnace 8 under the action of the third induced draft fan 19.

[0030] The flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device 14 is connected to a flue gas induced draft fan, a spray purification device and a chimney in sequence, so that the flue gas discharged from the waste heat recovery device 14 meets the emission standards after purification.

[0031] The pyrolysis carbonization system of the utility model is suitable for processing different types of urban biomass waste, and converting them into biochar with high calorific value, high degree of homogenization and good crushing performance, which can be used as a substitute fuel for boiler coal later. More importantly, the pyrolysis carbonization system has the characteristic of energy self-sufficiency, that is, the energy consumption of drying and pyrolysis of urban biomass waste can be met by utilizing the output pyrolysis oil and gas and a small amount of pyrolysis charcoal, without the need for external energy supply.

[0032] At the same time, the pyrolysis carbonization system of the utility model has the characteristics of energy saving and carbon reduction, that is, the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the combustion furnace can provide thermal energy for the steps of pyrolysis of biomass waste, drying of biomass waste, preheating of combustion air in the combustion furnace, etc., thereby realizing the cascade utilization of the thermal energy of the high-temperature flue gas after combustion, reducing process energy consumption and potential carbon emissions.

[0033] The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. For those skilled in the art, the present invention may have various modifications and variations. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system, characterized in that: It comprises a crushing device, a drying device, and a pyrolysis device connected in sequence, wherein the pyrolysis device is provided with a pyrolysis charcoal discharge port and a pyrolysis oil and gas discharge port, wherein the pyrolysis charcoal discharge port is connected to a pyrolysis charcoal cooling device for cooling the pyrolysis charcoal, wherein the pyrolysis oil and gas discharge port and the pyrolysis charcoal cooling device are both connected to a combustion device through pipelines, and the combustion device uses the pyrolysis oil and gas and biochar as fuel; The air outlet of the combustion device is connected to the pyrolysis device, the drying device and the waste heat recovery device in sequence; the waste heat recovery device is also provided with a combustion air inlet and a combustion air outlet, and the combustion air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the combustion device to heat the combustion air of the combustion device.

2. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The drying device is provided with a biomass waste feed inlet, a biomass waste discharge port, a first flue gas inlet and a first flue gas outlet; the biomass waste feed inlet is connected to the crushing device, and the biomass waste discharge port is connected to the pyrolysis feed inlet of the pyrolysis device.

3. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 2, characterized in that: The first smoke outlet of the drying device is connected to the first dust removal device, the first induced draft fan and the waste heat recovery device in sequence.

4. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 3, characterized in that: A heating jacket is arranged outside the pyrolysis device, and a second flue gas inlet and a second flue gas outlet are arranged on the heating jacket; the high-temperature flue gas discharged from the gas outlet of the combustion device is sequentially processed by the second dust removal device and the second induced draft fan and then sent to the second flue gas inlet of the heating jacket, and the second flue gas outlet is connected to the first flue gas inlet of the drying device.

5. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outside of the pyrolytic carbon cooling device is connected to a cooling circulation device.

6. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The cooling outlet of the pyrolytic carbon cooling device is connected to a biochar storage bin.

7. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The combustion device is provided with a pyrolysis oil and gas burner and a biochar burner; the pyrolysis oil and gas and combustion-supporting air are sent into the combustion device for combustion through the pyrolysis oil and gas burner; the biochar fuel and combustion-supporting air are sent into the combustion device for combustion through the biochar burner.

8. The biomass solid waste pyrolysis carbonization system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The flue gas outlet of the waste heat recovery device is connected in sequence to a flue gas induced draft fan, a spray purification device and a chimney.

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