Simulation device for landslide debris flow impact shoveling and scraping of water tank with adjustable upper and lower gradients

Abstract

The utility model discloses a simulation device for landslide debris flow impact shoveling and scraping by a water tank with adjustable upper and lower gradients, which comprises a material stacking device, an upper water tank, a lower water tank, a supporting device, a long connecting device, a short connecting device, a fixing device, a material collecting device and a lifting frame, the gradient of the upper water tank and the gradient of the lower water tank are adjusted through the supporting device, the long connecting device and the short connecting device, and simulation of the movement characteristic that the debris flow impacts, shovels and scrapes the base matter is achieved; the upper water tank and the lower water tank which are made of transparent acrylic plates are utilized, so that the intuitive effect of the impact shoveling and scraping effect of the debris flow is achieved, and the difficulty in observing internal changes is overcome; the flat plate structure of the material collecting device is utilized to simulate the shape characteristics of accumulation after impact shoveling and scraping of the debris flow, and meanwhile, the functions of collection, weight measurement and cleaning are achieved; and the adhesive graduated scale adhered to the acrylic plate on the side surface of the lower water tank can accurately measure the shoveling and scraping length and the shoveling and scraping thickness, so that the impact shoveling and scraping effects of the debris flow on the substrate substances under different gradients can be simulated.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model relates to a landslide debris flow impact scraping effect simulation technology, in particular to a simulation device for landslide debris flow impact scraping using a water tank with adjustable up and down slopes. Background Art

[0002] Under the influence of multi-year freeze-thaw cycles and climate change conditions, rocks and ice will cause ice-rock avalanches, and then ice-avalanche debris flows will easily occur under the action of gravity. This process will cause ice-avalanche debris flows to impact and scrape the base material, resulting in the enlargement of the landslide volume, which will accumulate and block the downstream gully and river basins. The size of the slope directly affects the strength of the scraping effect. Scraping depth and scraping length are important parameters for studying the impact and scraping effect of ice-avalanche debris flows. At present, the simulation of landslide debris flow impact scraping is mainly a single slope change flume and a two-section disconnected flume. The single slope change flume is a flume with the same slope for the base material and the collapse material, and the scraping is studied by observing the scraping situation on the side of the flume. This method is simple and easy to operate, but when the slope is too low, the collapse material is difficult to flush out and the scraping effect is not obvious. When the slope is too high, the base scraping material is difficult to accumulate on the flume. The two-section disconnected water tank is a tank where the upper and lower tanks are disconnected. The upper tank is slightly higher than the lower tank. The landslide material rushes out from the top of the upper tank, and the base material accumulates in the lower tank. This method is simple and easy to operate, but the upper and lower tanks are disconnected in the middle, and the impact of the landslide material on the base material does not conform to the actual impact scraping characteristics. In the simulation of impact scraping, the slope of the landslide channel and the slope of the base material accumulation channel are crucial. The state of the landslide material impacting the base material is also crucial, so the design of the experimental device should try to reflect the actual impact scraping situation.

[0003] The dynamic process of ice avalanche debris flow is mainly: ice-rock avalanche debris flow formation stage, debris flow migration stage, impact scraping stage, movement accumulation stage. Usually the impact scraping stage will affect the subsequent debris flow movement accumulation stage, thereby blocking the ditch mouth and river channel. Therefore, studying the scraping length, scraping thickness and scraping quality is an important issue to understand the impact scraping of debris flow in the ditch. Previous studies were limited to considering only the scraping depth, and failed to combine the scraping length, scraping quality and scraping depth for comprehensive analysis, so it was impossible to quantify the scraping effect more systematically.

[0004] Since the impact scraping effect of debris flow can only be observed on the surface in combination with the on-site situation, the internal situation of the scraping effect cannot be observed, so the research on this type of impact scraping effect can only be simulated in an indoor laboratory. The slopes of various landslides are different, and the slopes of various base materials deposited in the channels are also different. At present, most of the flumes at home and abroad have only one variable slope and two disconnected slope flumes, which lack the authenticity of simulating the impact scraping of the actual terrain slope. Landslides with different slopes and channels with different slopes have a huge impact on the results of the impact scraping effect, so the design of the experimental device should meet the actual situation as much as possible. Utility Model Content

[0005] Purpose of the utility model: The purpose of the utility model is to provide a simulation device for landslide debris flow impact scraping with a water trough with adjustable upper and lower slopes, which overcomes the problems that the slopes of the upper and lower water troughs cannot be adjusted simultaneously, the base material cannot be naturally accumulated, and there is a lack of understanding of the changing characteristics of debris flow impact scraping.

[0006] Technical solution: The utility model describes a water trough with adjustable upper and lower slopes, which is used for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow, and includes: a material stacking device, an upper water trough, a lower water trough, a supporting device, a connecting device, a fixing device, a material collecting device, and a lifting frame. A slot is provided at the connection between the material stacking device and the upper water trough, and the fixing devices of the upper water trough and the lower water trough are connected with a long threaded rod by inserting a plug plate, the supporting device is connected with the connecting device with a long threaded rod, the fixing device is connected with the connecting device with a long threaded rod, the upper water trough is welded to the fixing device, the lower water trough is welded to the fixing device, the outlet of the lower water trough is connected to the material collecting device, and the material collecting device is arranged on the lifting frame.

[0007] The outlet of the material in the material stacking device is controlled by arranging a plug plate which can be manually stretched and has the same height as the device in the material stacking device.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper water tank and the lower water tank are both composed of a bottom plate and a frame composed of steel plates, and the two sides are composed of transparent acrylic plates embedded in the steel frame, so as to clearly observe the movement of the debris flow from the outside.

[0009] Furthermore, the supporting device includes an upper supporting device and a lower supporting device. Semicircular drilled iron sheets are provided at the lower end of the upper supporting device and the upper end of the lower supporting device, and are connected and fixed by threaded rods. The supporting devices are welded from rectangular steel pipes. Holes of the same size as the long threaded rods are drilled at the upper left and lower right of the supporting devices for connecting the connecting devices under different slopes.

[0010] Furthermore, the connecting devices are all welded from rectangular steel pipes, and holes of the same size as the long threaded rod are drilled at the bottom of the connecting devices for connecting the supporting devices at different slopes.

[0011] Furthermore, the material collecting device is a large square steel plate with four sides bent, which is fixed on a lifting frame.

[0012] Furthermore, the lifting frame includes a supporting panel, a telescopic rod, a circular fixing rod, a flat and long fixing rod, fixing screws, and a rotating screw. The supporting panel is placed at the top and the bottom, the circular fixing rod is respectively placed at the bottom and the top of the supporting panel, the supporting panel and the circular fixing rod are fixed by fixing screws, the telescopic rod and the circular fixing rod are connected by welding, the fixing screws fix each flat and long fixing rod, and the rotating screw is fixed at the connection of the telescopic rod.

[0013] In order to facilitate the measurement of the scraping effect of the debris flow impacting the scraping base material, horizontal and vertical adhesive scales are pasted on the side of the transparent acrylic plate of the sink.

[0014] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following beneficial effects: (1) the slopes of the upper and lower water troughs are adjusted by the support device and the connecting device, so as to realize the simulation of the movement characteristics of the debris flow impacting and scraping the base material; (2) the upper and lower water troughs are set as transparent acrylic plates, so as to realize the intuitive effect of the debris flow impacting and scraping effect, and overcome the difficulty of observing the internal changes; (3) the flat plate structure of the material collecting device is used to simulate the shape characteristics of the accumulation after the debris flow impacting and scraping, and at the same time realize the functions of collection, weight measurement and cleaning; (4) the adhesive ruler pasted on the acrylic side panel on the side of the lower water trough can accurately measure the scraping length and scraping thickness, so as to realize the simulation of the impact and scraping effect of the debris flow on the base material under different slopes. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0015] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the utility model.

[0016] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the lifting frame described in the utility model.

[0017] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the material stacking device described in the utility model.

[0018] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the material collecting device described in the utility model.

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the supporting device described in the utility model.

[0020] Figure 6This is a schematic diagram of the connection device described in the utility model.

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing device and upper water tank described in the utility model.

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of the fixing device and the lower sink described in the utility model.

[0023] Fig. 9 It is a schematic diagram of the long threaded rod described in the utility model.

[0024] In the figure:

[0025] Material stacking device, 2-upper water tank, 3-lower water tank, 4-material collecting device, 5-lifting frame, 6-long connecting device, 7-short connecting device, 8-support device, 9-fixing device, 10-No. 1 threaded rod, 11-No. 2 threaded rod, 12-No. 3 threaded rod, 13-No. 4 threaded rod, 14-No. 5 threaded rod, 15-rotating screw, 16-telescopic rod, 17-flat long fixing rod, 18-support panel, 19-plug-in door, 20-upper water tank steel structure frame, 21-opening steel plate, 22-semicircular drilling hole of supporting device, 23-semicircular drilling hole of upper connecting device, 24-semicircular drilling hole of lower connecting device, 25-semicircular drilling hole of fixing device, 26-lower water tank steel structure frame, 27-transparent acrylic plate, 28-lower water tank drilling hole, 29-fixing screw, 30-circular fixing rod, 31-horizontally bondable scale, 32-vertically bondable scale DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] The technical solution of the utility model is described in detail below, but the protection scope of the utility model is not limited to the embodiments.

[0027] like Figures 1 to 6As shown, a water trough with adjustable up and down slopes is used for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow, comprising a material stacking device 1, a flat and long upper water trough 2, a flat and long lower water trough 3, a supporting device 8, connecting devices 6 and 7, a fixing device 9, a material collecting device 4, and a lifting frame 5. The material stacking device 4 is provided with a plug-in door 19, which is used to separate the material stacking device 4 and the upper water trough 2. The upper water trough 2 is bonded to the fixing device 9 by strong glass glue, and the lower water trough 3 is bonded to the fixing device 9 by strong glue. The fixing devices 9 are connected by three long The threaded rod 12 is connected and fixed, the fixing device 9 and the long connecting device 6 are connected and fixed by the No. 1 long threaded rod 10, the fixing device 9 and the short connecting device 7 are connected and fixed by the No. 5 threaded rod 14, the long connecting device 6 and the supporting device 8 are fixedly connected by the No. 2 threaded rod 11, and the short connecting device 7 and the supporting device 8 are fixedly connected by the No. 4 threaded rod 13. The outlet of the lower trough 3 is in contact with the material collecting device 4; the material collecting device 4 is placed above the supporting panel 18 of the lifting frame 5.

[0028] The material stacking device 1, support device 8, long connection device 6, short connection device 7, fixing device 9, material collecting device 4, and lifting frame 5 are all made of rectangular steel materials by welding. The frames and bottom plates of the upper water tank 2 and the lower water tank 3 are all made of steel, and the sides are made of transparent acrylic plates 27 embedded in the steel structure. The support device 8 includes an upper support device and a lower support device. The lower end of the upper support device and the upper end of the lower support device are both provided with semicircular drilled iron sheets, which are connected and fixed by threaded rods.

[0029] The working process is as follows: the landslide debris rushes out from the material accumulation device 1, flows through the upper water tank 2, rushes to the base material of the lower water tank 3, and then flows downward to the material collection device 4.

[0030] The base material is eroded and moved mainly by the impact and scraping of the landslide debris flow. The debris flow after the debris material in the lower water tank 2 impacts and scrapes the base material is collected by the material collecting device 4, and its mass is taken out after observing the accumulation shape.

[0031] The specific operation method of the device is as follows: according to the debris flow landslide slope to be simulated, the slope of the upper water tank 2 to be adjusted is determined, and the position of the holes drilled by the spiral rod 11 in the support device 8 and the long connecting device 6 is adjusted to the slope and then fixed; then according to the base material accumulation slope to be simulated, the slope of the lower water tank 3 to be adjusted is determined, and the position of the holes drilled by the spiral rod 13 in the support device 8 and the short connecting device 7 is adjusted to the slope and then fixed; the position of the telescopic rod 16 in the lifting frame 5 is adjusted by the position of the outlet of the lower water tank 3, and the height of the material collecting device 4 is fixed with the rotating screw 15 so as to be connected to the outlet of the lower water tank 3; according to the type and shape of the debris flow to be simulated, the debris flow is determined. According to the accumulation form of the debris material, it is placed in the closed material accumulation device 1; according to the form of the base material to be simulated, it is placed on the top of the lower water tank 2 and freely accumulated; the plug door 19 of the material accumulation device 1 is opened, and the debris flow material rushes out of the material accumulation device 1, moves in the upper water tank 2, rushes to the lower water tank 3, impacts and scrapes the base material accumulated on the upper part of the lower water tank 3, and continues to rush to the material collection device 4 with the base material, accumulates in the material collection device 4, observes and measures the accumulation form, and reads the length and thickness before and after the impact with the horizontal adhesive scale 31 and the vertical adhesive scale 32 on the side of the lower water tank 3 and records them, and then collects and weighs the debris flow material in the material collection device 4. After the experiment, the scraping thickness and scraping length, the change of the mass before and after the debris flow impact scraping are obtained, and the debris flow impact scraping effect and the mass amplification effect after scraping are analyzed.

[0032] As described above, these are only preferred specific implementations of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes and substitutions that can be easily thought of by any technician familiar with the technical field within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A water tank with adjustable up and down slopes for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow, characterized in that: include: A material stacking device, an upper water trough, a lower water trough, a supporting device, a connecting device, a fixing device, a material collecting device, and a lifting frame. A slot is set at the connection between the material stacking device and the upper water trough, and the fixing devices of the upper water trough and the lower water trough are connected with a long threaded rod by inserting a plug plate. The supporting device and the connecting device are connected with a long threaded rod, and the fixing device and the connecting device are connected with a long threaded rod. The upper water trough is welded to the fixing device, and the lower water trough is welded to the fixing device. The outlet of the lower water trough is connected to the material collecting device, and the material collecting device is arranged on the lifting frame.

2. The device for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow using a water tank with adjustable up and down slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: A manually pullable plug-in door is provided at the connection between the material stacking device and the upper water tank.

3. The device for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow using a water tank with adjustable up and down slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting frame includes a supporting panel, a telescopic rod, a circular fixing rod, a flat and long fixing rod, fixing screws, and a rotating screw. The supporting panel is placed at the top and the bottom, the circular fixing rod is placed at the bottom and the top of the supporting panel respectively, the supporting panel and the circular fixing rod are fixed by fixing screws, the telescopic rod and the circular fixing rod are connected by welding, the fixing screws fix each flat and long fixing rod, and the rotating screw is fixed at the connection of the telescopic rod.

4. The device for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow using a water tank with adjustable up and down slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The support device comprises an upper support device and a lower support device. The lower end of the upper support device and the upper end of the lower support device are both provided with semicircular drilled iron sheets, which are connected and fixed by threaded rods.

5. The device for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow using a water tank with adjustable up and down slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material collecting device is provided with bent steel plates on four sides of the plate except for the connection with the outlet of the lower water tank.

6. The device for simulating the impact and scraping of landslide debris flow using a water tank with adjustable up and down slopes according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lifting frame can change its height by changing the position of the telescopic rod and fixing it with a rotatable screw.

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