Rapid repair and regeneration equipment for graphite negative electrode of retired battery

Abstract

The utility model provides equipment for quickly repairing and regenerating a graphite negative electrode of a retired battery. The equipment comprises a shredder, a crusher, a grinder, a rotary vibration sieve, an analyzer and a Joule heating device which are sequentially connected through a material conveying pipeline, a feeding hole in the top of the shredding machine is connected with the tail end of a conveying belt for feeding; the Joule heating device is connected with the material collector; airflow sorting machines are arranged between the crusher and the grinder, between the grinder and the rotary vibration sieve, and between the rotary vibration sieve and the analyzer; on one hand, separation of copper and graphite powder can be achieved, on the other hand, impurity removal and regeneration of the graphite negative electrode in a short time can be achieved, high-flow protective gas is introduced into the shredding device to produce a low-oxygen environment and transfer heat generated in the crushing process, on the premise that safety and stability are guaranteed, splitting and sorting of the waste graphite negative electrode are achieved, and the waste graphite negative electrode can be recycled. The pretreatment step is not needed, the process is optimized, the cost is reduced, and compared with graphite furnace calcination, the time is greatly shortened, and the power consumption is greatly reduced.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The utility model belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery recycling, relates to the recycling of lithium ion battery graphite negative electrodes, and specifically relates to a device for quickly repairing and regenerating retired battery graphite negative electrodes. Background Art

[0002] In recent years, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) have become an important power source for consumer electronics, electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles, and large-scale energy storage due to their high energy and power density. The rapidly growing electric vehicle market has strongly promoted the application of LIBs, and a large amount of waste LIBs will inevitably be generated every year over time. Graphite accounts for 12% to 21% (mass fraction) in lithium batteries, which is a considerable amount, so a large amount of waste graphite needs to be treated urgently.

[0003] At present, after dismantling retired power batteries, usually only the important metal materials on their electrodes are recycled and reused, and the obtained graphite is only simply treated as solid waste, which makes it difficult to make efficient resource utilization and causes a lot of waste. In addition, the total output of graphite is not high in the United States and some European countries, so graphite is also regarded as a key resource. Moreover, waste graphite contains some electrolytes, electrolytes and other organic compounds. If left unattended for a long time, it will not only volatilize toxic organic gases but also pollute water and soil resources. Therefore, the recycling and reuse of waste graphite is a problem that needs to be solved at present. Summary of the invention

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the prior art, the purpose of the utility model is to provide a device for quickly repairing and regenerating the graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries, so as to realize the repair and regeneration of the graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries, realize the resource efficient utilization of the graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries, and thus improve the recycling efficiency of retired batteries.

[0005] In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A device for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries, comprising a shredder, a crusher, a grinder, a rotary vibrating screen, an analyzer and a Joule heating device connected in sequence through a material transmission pipeline; a feed port at the top of the shredder is connected to the tail end of a conveyor belt for feeding; the Joule heating device is connected to a material collector;

[0007] An airflow separator is arranged between the pulverizer and the grinder, between the grinder and the rotary vibrating screen, and between the rotary vibrating screen and the analyzer.

[0008] The utility model also has the following technical features:

[0009] Preferably, the material transmission pipeline is a spiral auger.

[0010] Furthermore, an induced draft fan is provided on the spiral auger between the pulverizer and the grinder.

[0011] Preferably, the shredder is provided with a gas distribution pipe filled with protective gas, monitoring sensors for monitoring temperature, combustible gas and flame conditions, and a fire extinguishing device for real-time fire extinguishing.

[0012] Preferably, the Joule heating device comprises a support frame and a shell supported by the support frame, wherein the shell comprises a bottom support plate, a middle support plate, a top support plate, a vertical bracket and a vertical side plate supporting the top support plate;

[0013] A plurality of heating chambers are vertically arranged at the bottom of the shell, the heating chambers are connected to capacitor dischargers, a Joule heating cathode head is arranged in the middle of the heating chambers, and a heating head lifting hydraulic chamber is arranged at the bottom of the Joule heating cathode head;

[0014] The heating chambers are connected as one body through a connecting plate connected to their upper edges; a material pushing slide is provided on one side of the top of the connecting plate;

[0015] Two vertical brackets are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the connecting plate. The vertical bracket on the left end is connected to the feed chamber, and the front part of the vertical bracket on the right end is connected to the operating panel. A top support plate connected to the operating panel and the feed chamber is arranged on the top of the vertical bracket, and a hydraulic press is arranged on the top support plate.

[0016] A discharge chamber is provided at the lower rear part of the operation panel, and the discharge chamber is connected to the material collector;

[0017] The output end of the hydraulic press extends into the interior of the shell and is connected to a Joule heating positive electrode plate. A plurality of Joule heating positive electrode heads are arranged on the Joule heating positive electrode plate corresponding to the Joule heating negative electrode head.

[0018] Further, the feed chamber includes a feed bin, a feed port connected to the tail end of the spiral auger is arranged at the top of the feed bin, a feed bin door is arranged at the bottom, a collection bin separated from the feed bin by the feed bin door is arranged at the bottom of the feed bin, a collection bin door is arranged at the bottom of the collection bin, a sample delivery chamber is arranged at the bottom of the collection bin door, a sample delivery chamber door is arranged on the right side of the sample delivery chamber, and the sample delivery chamber is provided with a laterally movable filling device;

[0019] The right side of the filling device is connected to a material pushing slide plate.

[0020] Furthermore, a middle support plate is arranged between two vertical brackets on the front and rear sides of the connecting plate, and a plurality of fans are arranged side by side on the middle support plate.

[0021] Preferably, an air inlet is provided on one side of the shell, and an air outlet is provided on the other side, and an alarm and an observation window are also provided on the shell.

[0022] Preferably, a distribution box is also provided at the lower part of the upper shell of the support frame.

[0023] Preferably, the discharge ports of the induced draft fan, the rotary vibrating screen and the material collector are all connected to discharge port angle cages.

[0024] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following technical effects:

[0025] On the one hand, the utility model can realize the separation of copper and graphite powder, and on the other hand, can realize the impurity removal and regeneration of graphite negative electrode in a short time. The equipment introduces a high flow of protective gas into the shredding device to create a low-oxygen environment and transfer the heat generated in the crushing process, thereby realizing the splitting and sorting of waste graphite negative electrode under the premise of ensuring safety and stability, without the need for pretreatment steps, which not only optimizes the process but also reduces the cost. Compared with graphite furnace calcination, it greatly shortens the time and power consumption; at the same time, it can greatly repair and improve the purity and performance of recycled negative electrode graphite of retired lithium-ion batteries. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0026] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the utility model;

[0027] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the internal structure of the Joule heating device of the utility model;

[0028] Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the connecting plate and the material pushing slide plate of the Joule heating device of the utility model;

[0029] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the heating chamber structure of the Joule heating device of the utility model;

[0030] The meanings of the numbers in the figure are: 1-shredder, 2-crusher, 3-grinding machine, 4-vibrating screen, 5-analyzer, 6-support frame, 7-conveyor belt, 8-collector, 9-air flow separator, 10-screw auger, 11-induced draft fan, 12-housing, 1201-bottom support plate, 1202-middle support plate, 1203-top support plate, 1204-vertical bracket, 1205-vertical side plate, 13-heating chamber, 14-electric Capacitor, 15-Joule heating negative electrode head, 16-heating head lifting hydraulic bin, 17-connecting plate, 18-pushing slide plate, 19-operating panel, 20-hydraulic press, 21-discharging bin, 22-Joule heating positive electrode plate, 23-Joule heating positive electrode head, 24-feeding bin, 25-feeding bin door, 26-collecting bin, 27-collecting bin door, 28-sample delivery chamber, 29-filling device, 30-fan, 31-air inlet, 32-distribution box. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The specific contents of the utility model are further explained in detail below in conjunction with the embodiments.

[0032] like Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this embodiment provides a device for quickly repairing and regenerating graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries, including a shredder 1, a pulverizer 2, a grinder 3, a rotary vibrating screen 4, an analyzer 5 and a Joule heating device connected in sequence through a material transmission pipeline;

[0033] The shredder 1 is located at the starting end of the disassembly and recycling equipment, and is used to crush the waste graphite negative electrode sheets. The feed port at the top of the shredder 1 is connected to the tail end of the conveyor belt 7 for feeding; the Joule heating device is connected to the collector 8; the shredder 1 is provided with a gas distribution pipe filled with protective gas, and the shredder 1 is filled with a high-throughput protective atmosphere when working to create a low-oxygen environment and transfer the heat generated during the crushing process. The shredder 1 is also provided with a monitoring sensor for monitoring temperature, combustible gas and flame conditions, and a fire extinguishing device for real-time fire extinguishing, which is used to monitor the temperature, combustible gas and flame conditions inside the shredder when working, and can perform real-time fire extinguishing.

[0034] The crusher 2 is used for the second crushing of the waste graphite negative electrode sheets, and the grinder 3 is used for fine grinding of the waste graphite negative electrode sheets. The two main materials in the crusher are ground into different particle sizes under high-speed rotation to facilitate subsequent separation.

[0035] An airflow classifier 9 is provided between the pulverizer 2 and the grinder 3, between the grinder 3 and the rotary vibrating screen 4, and between the rotary vibrating screen 4 and the analyzer 5. The airflow classifier 9 performs gas-solid separation, and the fine material outlet of the airflow classifier 9 is connected to the feed chamber of the Joule heating device.

[0036] The material transmission pipeline is a spiral auger 10, and the spiral auger 10 transports the material in a sealed state;

[0037] An induced draft fan 11 is provided on the spiral cutter 10 between the pulverizer 2 and the grinder 3. The induced draft fan 11 is used to extract floating dust and material dust with too small particle size.

[0038] The spiral auger 10 conveys the products (carbon and copper) of the grinder 3 to the rotary vibrating screen 4 for separation. The upper layer is copper particles and the lower layer is graphite powder. The separated graphite powder is conveyed by the spiral auger 10 to the next-level analyzer 5 for secondary fine separation; the copper particles are collected through the upper outlet of the rotary vibrating screen 4.

[0039] In the main housing of the analyzer 5, the blown graphite powder is sorted, and the coarse materials fall into the grinding chamber system for re-grinding. After being screened by the rotary screen, the materials with the fineness that meet the specifications will enter the feed chamber with the wind flow. The fine material outlet of the analyzer 5 is directly connected to the feed chamber of the Joule heating device.

[0040] The Joule heating device includes a support frame 6 and a shell 12 supported by the support frame 6, wherein the shell 12 includes a bottom support plate 1201, a middle support plate 1202, a top support plate 1203, a vertical bracket 1204 and a vertical side plate 1205 supporting the top support plate 1203;

[0041] A plurality of heating chambers 13 are vertically arranged at the bottom of the housing 12, the heating chambers 13 are connected to capacitor dischargers 14, a Joule heating negative electrode head 15 is arranged in the middle of the heating chambers 13, and a heating head lifting hydraulic chamber 16 is arranged at the bottom of the Joule heating negative electrode head 15;

[0042] The heating chambers 13 are connected as a whole by a connecting plate 17 connected to their upper edges; a pusher slide 18 is provided on one side of the top of the connecting plate 17; the pusher slide 18 moves from the left side to the right side to push the graphite material into the discharge chamber 21, and then the material can be discharged through the collector 8.

[0043] Two vertical brackets 1204 are arranged oppositely on the left and right sides of the connecting plate 17. The vertical bracket 1204 at the left end is connected to the feed chamber, and the front part of the vertical bracket 1204 at the right end is connected to the operating panel 19. A top support plate 1203 connected to the operating panel 19 and the feed chamber is arranged on the top of the vertical bracket 1204, and a hydraulic press 20 is arranged on the top support plate 1203.

[0044] A discharge chamber 21 is provided at the lower rear part of the operation panel 19, and the discharge chamber 21 is connected to the material collector 8;

[0045] The output end of the hydraulic press 20 extends into the interior of the housing 12 to be connected to a Joule heating positive electrode plate 22 , and a plurality of Joule heating positive electrode heads 23 are arranged on the Joule heating positive electrode plate 22 corresponding to the Joule heating negative electrode heads 15 .

[0046] The feeding chamber includes a feeding bin 24, a feeding port connected to the tail end of the spiral auger 10 is arranged at the top of the feeding bin 24, a feeding bin door 25 is arranged at the bottom, a collecting bin 26 separated from the feeding bin by the feeding bin door 24 is arranged at the bottom of the feeding bin 24, a collecting bin door 27 is arranged at the bottom of the collecting bin 26, a sample delivery chamber 28 is arranged at the bottom of the collecting bin door 27, a sample delivery chamber door is arranged on the right side of the sample delivery chamber 28, and a laterally movable filling device 29 is arranged in the sample delivery chamber 28; after the feeding bin door 25 is closed, the sample delivery chamber door of the sample delivery chamber 28 is opened, and the filling device 29 moves laterally to fill the powder into the top of the heating chamber 13, and after the filling is completed, the filling device returns to the left side;

[0047] The hydraulic press 20 drives the Joule heating positive electrode head 23 on the Joule heating positive plate 22 to move the heating chamber 13 downward with a force of 1N to compact the graphite powder and the Joule heating negative electrode head 15 together, and then the Joule heating switch is turned on through the operating panel 19. After the heating is completed, the Joule heating positive plate 22 side is lifted to the original position, and the Joule heating negative electrode head 15 moves upward to push the graphite powder in the heating chamber 13 to the top, and the push slide 18 moves from the left to the right to push the graphite material into the discharge chamber 21, and then it can be discharged through the collector 8. The Joule heating process is carried out under a protective atmosphere, the heating temperature is 1800-2400℃, and the heating time is 1-2s; the heating energy comes from the capacitor discharger 14, and in order to ensure that each capacitor discharger 14 releases the same energy during heating, the capacitor discharger 14 can be charged.

[0048] The right side of the filling device 29 is connected to the pushing slide plate 18, and the pushing slide plate 18 and the filling device 29 adopt the same motor drive mechanism; at the same time, the pushing and loading processes can be completed synchronously.

[0049] A middle support plate 1202 is disposed between two vertical brackets 1204 at the front and rear sides of the connection plate 17 , and a plurality of fans 30 are arranged side by side on the middle support plate 1202 . The fans 30 assist the airflow circulation inside the housing 12 .

[0050] An air inlet for introducing inert gas is provided on one side of the housing 12, and an air inlet 31 is provided on the other side. Air flow enters from the air inlet, and after circulation, dust and gas are discharged through the air inlet 31.

[0051] The housing 12 is also provided with an alarm and an observation window for observing the internal operation and giving an alarm when combustion occurs.

[0052] A distribution box 32 is also provided at the lower part of the upper shell 12 of the support frame 6 .

[0053] The discharge ports of the induced draft fan 11, the rotary vibrating screen 4 and the collector 8 are all connected with discharge port angle cages for collecting corresponding materials.

[0054] The protective atmosphere may be one or any combination of nitrogen, helium, argon, neon, krypton and xenon.

[0055] The working principle of the retired battery graphite negative electrode rapid repair and regeneration device of the utility model is as follows:

[0056] The technicians directly send the waste graphite pole pieces to the shredder 1 through the conveyor belt 7 for crushing. The spiral reamer 10 sends the crushed materials of the shredder 1 to the pulverizer 2 for secondary crushing. The products are separated from dust and impurities by the spiral reamer 10 and the induced draft fan 11, and then enter the air flow separator 9 for gas-solid separation, and then fall into the grinder 3 for grinding; the products of the grinder 3 are separated again by the air flow separator 9 under the transmission action of the spiral reamer 10 and then enter the rotary vibrating screen 4. The particle size of copper particles is much larger than that of graphite powder. They are collected at the upper outlet of the rotary vibrating screen 4. The graphite powder falls into the lower layer and enters the next-level air flow separator 9 for separation again under the action of the spiral reamer 10. After entering the analyzer 5, the analyzer 5 selects the graphite powder with a particle size of 1 to 45 μm through vibration, and the products are Under the action of the reamer 10, it is sent into the Joule heating device and falls into the Joule heating equipment feed bin 24 by gravity. The material condition can be observed through the observation port. After meeting the production needs, the feed bin door 25 is closed, and the excess air is absorbed by the fan, and the protective gas is supplemented. The material is then filled into the heating chamber 13 by the filling device 29. After filling, the filling device 29 returns to its original position, and the Joule heating positive electrode head 23 and the Joule heating negative electrode head 15 compact the material together under the action of the hydraulic press 20, and then heat it; after heating, the Joule heating positive electrode head 23 returns to its original position, and the Joule heating negative electrode head 15 moves upward at this time, lifting the material to the top of the heating chamber 13, and the pushing slide 18 moves from left to right, pushing the graphite material into the discharge chamber 21, and then it can be discharged through the collector 8.

[0057] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "upper", "lower", "inside", "outside", "front", "side", "rear end", "top", "other end" and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they cannot be understood as limitations on the present invention.

[0058] In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "provided with", "connected", etc. should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "connected" can be a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be a direct connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, or it can be the internal communication of two components. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0059] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than to limit it. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, ordinary technicians in this field should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions recorded in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. These modifications or replacements do not make the essence of the corresponding technical solutions deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model.

Claims

1. A device for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries, characterized in that: The invention comprises a shredder (1), a crusher (2), a grinder (3), a rotary vibrating screen (4), an analyzer (5) and a Joule heating device which are sequentially connected via a material transmission pipeline; the feed port at the top of the shredder (1) is connected to the rear end of a conveyor belt (7) for feeding; the Joule heating device is connected to a material collector (8); An airflow separator (9) is arranged between the pulverizer (2) and the grinder (3), between the grinder (3) and the rotary vibrating screen (4), and between the rotary vibrating screen (4) and the analyzer (5).

2. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The material transmission pipeline is a spiral auger (10).

3. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries as claimed in claim 2, characterized in that: An induced draft fan (11) is provided on the spiral cutter (10) between the pulverizer (2) and the grinder (3).

4. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The shredder (1) is provided with a gas distribution pipe filled with protective gas, monitoring sensors for monitoring temperature, combustible gas and flame conditions, and a fire extinguishing device for real-time fire extinguishing.

5. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries according to claim 1, characterized in that: The Joule heating device comprises a support frame (6) and a shell (12) supported by the support frame, wherein the shell (12) comprises a bottom support plate (1201), a middle support plate (1202), a top support plate (1203), a vertical bracket (1204) and a vertical side plate (1205) supporting the top support plate (1203); A plurality of heating chambers (13) are vertically arranged at the bottom of the shell (12), the heating chambers (13) are connected to the capacitor discharger (14), a Joule heating negative electrode head (15) is arranged in the middle of the heating chamber (13), and a heating head lifting hydraulic chamber (16) is arranged at the bottom of the Joule heating negative electrode head (15); The heating chambers (13) are connected to each other as a whole through a connecting plate (17) connected to the upper edge thereof; a material pushing slide plate (18) is provided on one side of the top of the connecting plate (17); Two vertical brackets (1204) are arranged opposite to each other on the left and right sides of the connecting plate (17); the vertical bracket (1204) at the left end is connected to the feed chamber, and the front part of the vertical bracket (1204) at the right end is connected to the operating panel (19); a top support plate (1203) connected to the operating panel (19) and the feed chamber is arranged on the top of the vertical bracket (1204); a hydraulic press (20) is arranged on the top support plate (1203); A discharge chamber (21) is provided at the lower rear part of the operating panel (19), and the discharge chamber (21) is connected to the material collector (8); The output end of the hydraulic press (20) extends into the interior of the housing (12) to connect to the Joule heating positive electrode plate (22), and a plurality of Joule heating positive electrode heads (23) are arranged on the Joule heating positive electrode plate (22) corresponding to the Joule heating negative electrode head (15).

6. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: The feed chamber comprises a feed bin (24), the top of the feed bin (24) is provided with a feed port connected to the tail end of the spiral auger (10), the bottom of the feed bin (24) is provided with a feed bin door (25), the bottom of the feed bin (24) is provided with a collection bin (26) separated from the feed bin by the feed bin door (25), the bottom of the collection bin (26) is provided with a collection bin door (27), the bottom of the collection bin door (27) is provided with a sample delivery chamber (28), the right side of the sample delivery chamber (28) is provided with a sample delivery chamber door, and a laterally movable filling device (29) is provided in the sample delivery chamber (28); The right side of the filling device (29) is connected to the material pushing slide plate (18).

7. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: A middle support plate (1202) is arranged between two vertical brackets (1204) on the front and rear sides of the connection plate (17), and a plurality of fans (30) are arranged side by side on the middle support plate (1202).

8. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: An air inlet is provided on one side of the shell (12), and an air inlet (31) is provided on the other side. An alarm and an observation window are also provided on the shell (12).

9. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that: A distribution box (32) is also provided at the lower part of the upper shell (12) of the support frame (6).

10. The equipment for rapid repair and regeneration of graphite negative electrodes of retired batteries as claimed in claim 3, characterized in that: The discharge ports of the induced draft fan (11), the rotary vibrating screen (4) and the material collector (8) are all connected to discharge port angle cages.

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