Battery shell, battery and battery module

Abstract

The utility model provides a battery shell, a battery and a battery module, and relates to the technical field of energy storage. The battery shell comprises a shell body with accommodating cavities, the accommodating cavities comprise a plurality of first accommodating cavities and a plurality of second accommodating cavities, and the plurality of first accommodating cavities and the plurality of second accommodating cavities are sequentially and alternately arranged along a first direction and are communicated with each other; each first containing cavity is used for containing a battery cell, the size of each second containing cavity in the first direction tends to be reduced and then increased in the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. The liquid injection difficulty can be reduced, the wettability of the electrolyte can be improved, the infiltration time can be shortened, and the free electrolyte after formation and capacity grading can be increased.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The embodiments of the present application relate to the field of energy storage technology, and in particular to a battery housing, a battery, and a battery module. Background Art

[0002] A battery is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy and is widely used in new energy vehicles, energy storage power stations and other fields. A battery generally includes a shell and a cell structure and an electrolyte disposed in the shell.

[0003] In order to meet the demand for capacity and energy density of cylindrical batteries, the size of the current battery cell structure is getting larger and larger. This will lead to defects such as difficulty in injecting electrolyte, poor electrolyte infiltration, long infiltration time, and less free electrolyte after formation and separation, which in turn reduces the battery's cycle performance. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the above problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a battery housing, a battery and a battery module, which can solve the problems of difficult injection, poor electrolyte infiltration, long infiltration time, and less free electrolyte after formation and volume separation.

[0005] In order to achieve the above objectives, the present application provides the following technical solutions:

[0006] A first aspect of an embodiment of the present application provides a battery shell, comprising a shell body having a accommodating cavity, wherein the accommodating cavity comprises a plurality of first accommodating cavities and a plurality of second accommodating cavities, wherein the plurality of first accommodating cavities and the plurality of second accommodating cavities are alternately arranged in sequence along a first direction and are interconnected; wherein each of the first accommodating cavities is used to accommodate a battery cell, and the size of each of the second accommodating cavities in the first direction shows a trend of first decreasing and then increasing along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

[0007] In a possible implementation manner, a maximum dimension of the second accommodating cavity in the first direction is equal to a distance between centers of two adjacent first accommodating cavities.

[0008] In a possible implementation manner, a maximum dimension of the second accommodating cavity in the first direction is smaller than a distance between center lines of two adjacent first accommodating cavities.

[0009] In a possible implementation manner, a maximum size of the second accommodating cavity in the first direction is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of a distance between a center line of two adjacent first accommodating cavities.

[0010] In a possible implementation manner, the first accommodating cavity is circular in shape, and the second accommodating cavity is waist-shaped in shape.

[0011] In a possible implementation manner, the walls connecting the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity are connected by a transition arc.

[0012] In a possible implementation, the battery housing further includes a cover plate, which is disposed on the housing body and covers the accommodating cavity;

[0013] The cover plate is provided with a plurality of poles, and the plurality of poles are selectively electrically connected to the battery cells; the number of the poles is less than the number of the battery cells.

[0014] A second aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery, comprising the battery housing according to the first aspect and a plurality of battery cells, each of the battery cells being disposed in a corresponding first accommodating cavity.

[0015] A third aspect of the embodiments of the present application provides a battery module, comprising a plurality of batteries as described in the second aspect; the plurality of batteries are arranged in multiple rows in sequence.

[0016] In a possible implementation, in any two adjacent rows, the battery cells in one row of batteries are located between two adjacent battery cells in another row of batteries.

[0017] In the battery case, battery and battery module provided in the embodiments of the present application, the housing cavity of the housing body includes a plurality of first housing cavities and a plurality of second housing cavities, and the plurality of first housing cavities and the plurality of second housing cavities are arranged alternately in sequence along the first direction and are interconnected. In this way, a plurality of battery cases for accommodating battery cells are integrated together to form an integral component, and each first housing cavity is used to set a battery cell; compared with a single battery case, on the one hand, the second housing cavity can expose part of the outer peripheral surface of the adjacent battery cell, thereby increasing the internal space of the battery case, thereby increasing the storage space of the electrolyte, improving the electrolyte infiltration effect, shortening the infiltration time, and increasing the free electrolyte after formation and separation. On the other hand, it can also reduce the material used in the battery case, reduce the weight of the battery, and improve the energy density of the battery.

[0018] In addition to the technical problems solved by the embodiments of the present application, the technical features that constitute the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by the technical features of these technical solutions described above, other technical problems that can be solved by the battery housing, battery and battery module provided by the embodiments of the present application, other technical features included in the technical solutions, and the beneficial effects brought about by these technical features will be further described in detail in the specific implementation methods. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, a brief introduction will be given below to the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are some embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0020] Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery provided for related technology;

[0021] Figure 2 A schematic diagram of the structure of a battery module provided in the related art;

[0022] Figure 3 Schematic diagram of a battery housing provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0023] Figure 4 Schematic diagram of a battery housing provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0024] Figure 5 Schematic diagram of a battery housing provided in an embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0025] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the battery provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 1 ;

[0026] Figure 7 Schematic diagram of the battery provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 2 ;

[0027] Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the battery provided in the embodiment of the present application Figure 3 ;

[0028] Fig. 9 A schematic diagram of a battery module provided in an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] Description of reference numerals:

[0030] 1: Battery cell shell;

[0031] 2: Battery cell;

[0032] 3: gap;

[0033] 100: Shell body;

[0034] 110: accommodating cavity;

[0035] 111: first accommodating chamber;

[0036] 112: second accommodating chamber;

[0037] 200: battery cell;

[0038] 300: transition arc;

[0039] 400: battery;

[0040] 500: Battery module. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0041] As described in the background art, the battery in the related art has problems such as difficulty in filling, poor electrolyte infiltration, long infiltration time, and less free electrolyte after formation and volume separation. The inventors have found that the reason for this problem is that please refer to the attached Figure 1 The battery shell is a single body structure. The battery shell 1 is a cylindrical body with one end open. The battery cell 2 is arranged in the battery shell 1 to form a battery cell. In order to improve the energy density of cylindrical battery cells, the gap between the battery cell and the battery shell is small, and the electrode sheet of the battery cell is usually made of high-density material, so that the internal space of the battery cell is also used to the extreme. Therefore, it is difficult to inject liquid into the battery cell, the electrolyte infiltration is poor, the infiltration time is long, and there is less free electrolyte after formation and volume separation, and it is difficult to improve the cycle performance of the battery cell. In addition, please refer to the attached Figure 2 , adjacent battery cells cannot fit together, and there is a gap 3 between adjacent battery cells, which increases the unusable space area of ​​the battery module and reduces the energy density of the battery module.

[0042] In view of the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present application provide a battery housing, a battery and a battery module, wherein the housing cavity through the housing body includes a plurality of first housing cavities and a plurality of second housing cavities, and the plurality of first housing cavities and the plurality of second housing cavities are arranged alternately in sequence along the first direction and are interconnected. In this way, a plurality of battery housings for accommodating battery cells are integrated together to form an integral component, and each first housing cavity is used to set a battery cell; compared with a single battery housing, on the one hand, the second housing cavity can expose part of the outer peripheral surface of the adjacent battery cell, thereby increasing the internal space of the battery housing, thereby increasing the storage space of the electrolyte, improving the electrolyte infiltration effect, shortening the infiltration time, and increasing the free electrolyte after formation and separation. On the other hand, it can also reduce the material used in the battery housing, reduce the weight of the battery, and improve the energy density of the battery.

[0043] In order to make the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the embodiments of the present application more obvious and understandable, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present application will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the drawings in the embodiments of the present application. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work belong to the scope of protection of this application.

[0044] Embodiment 1

[0045] The present application embodiment provides a battery housing, please refer to the attached Figure 3 To Attachment Figure 5 The battery housing includes a housing body 100, wherein the housing body 100 has a receiving cavity 110, and the receiving cavity 110 is used to receive the battery cell and the electrolyte to realize the function of the battery. The material of the housing body 100 may include aluminum, but is not limited thereto.

[0046] Please continue to refer to the attached Figure 3 To Attachment Figure 5 The accommodating chamber 110 includes a plurality of first accommodating chambers 111 and a plurality of second accommodating chambers 112. The plurality of first accommodating chambers 111 and the plurality of second accommodating chambers 112 are arranged alternately and sequentially along the first direction and are interconnected. Figure 3 X direction. It should be noted that the number of the first accommodating chambers 111 and the number of the second accommodating chambers 112 may be the same or different. Exemplarily, the number of the first accommodating chambers 111 is greater than the number of the second accommodating chambers 112, and the difference between the number of the first accommodating chambers 111 and the number of the second accommodating chambers 112 is 1. For example, the number of the first accommodating chambers 111 is five, the number of the second accommodating chambers 112 is four, and the five first accommodating chambers 111 and the four second accommodating chambers 112 are alternately arranged in sequence along the first direction.

[0047] Each first accommodating cavity 111 is used to accommodate a battery cell, that is, a battery cell is disposed in each first accommodating cavity 111. It should be noted that the shape of the first accommodating cavity 111 can be adapted to the shape of the battery cell. For example, if the shape of the battery cell is cylindrical, then the shape of the first accommodating cavity 111 is also cylindrical, and at the same time, the shape of the second accommodating cavity 112 is waist-shaped. In this way, the space in the shell body 100 can be utilized as much as possible.

[0048] The area between adjacent battery cells is the second accommodating cavity 112. Figure 1Compared with the prior art shown in the figure, multiple battery shells for accommodating battery cells are integrated together to form an integral component, and each first accommodating cavity 111 is used to set a battery cell; compared with a single battery shell, on the one hand, the second accommodating cavity 112 can expose part of the outer peripheral surface of the adjacent battery cell, increasing the internal space of the battery shell, thereby increasing the storage space of the electrolyte, improving the electrolyte infiltration effect, shortening the infiltration time, and increasing the free electrolyte after formation and separation. On the other hand, it can also reduce the material used in the battery shell, reduce the weight of the battery, and improve the energy density of the battery.

[0049] It should be understood that, in order to facilitate the description of the areas of the first accommodation cavity 111 and the second accommodation cavity 112, the attached Figure 3 To Attachment Figure 5 The middle circular area is the first accommodating cavity 111 , and the area between adjacent first accommodating cavities 111 is the second accommodating cavity 112 .

[0050] The size of each second accommodation cavity 112 in the first direction decreases first and then increases in the second direction. The second direction is perpendicular to the first direction. Figure 3 To Attachment Figure 5 In the Y direction, the size of the second accommodation cavity 112 in the first direction is Figure 3 To Attachment Figure 5 D in the figure. With such a configuration, the volume of the second accommodating chamber 112 is increased as much as possible without excessively increasing the volume of the housing body 100, which can increase the storage space of the electrolyte as much as possible, improve the electrolyte infiltration effect, shorten the infiltration time, and increase the free electrolyte after formation and volume separation.

[0051] In this embodiment, the relationship between the maximum dimension of the second accommodation cavity 112 in the first direction and the distance between the centers of two adjacent first accommodation cavities 111 can be selected in many ways. For ease of understanding, the distance between the centers of two adjacent first accommodation cavities 111 can be recorded as L.

[0052] As an example, please refer to the attached Figure 3 , the maximum dimension of the second accommodation chamber 112 in the first direction is equal to the distance between the centers of the two adjacent first accommodation chambers 111. This arrangement can, on the one hand, increase the storage space of the electrolyte as much as possible, improve the electrolyte infiltration effect, shorten the infiltration time, and increase the free electrolyte after formation and volume separation. On the other hand, it can increase the exposed battery cell 200 (please refer to the attached Figure 6 )'s outer peripheral surface area can allow the electrolyte to infiltrate the battery cell as quickly as possible, thereby improving the battery's charge and discharge capabilities.

[0053] As another example, see the attached Figure 4 and attached Figure 5 , the maximum dimension of the second accommodation cavity 112 in the first direction is smaller than the distance between the centers of two adjacent first accommodation cavities 111. Exemplarily, the maximum dimension of the second accommodation cavity 112 in the first direction is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between the centers of two adjacent first accommodation cavities 111.

[0054] In this way, the integrated shell body 100 can increase the internal space of the accommodating cavity 110, increase the amount of electrolyte free around the battery cell, thereby improving the electrolyte infiltration effect, shortening the infiltration time, and increasing the free electrolyte after formation and volume separation. In addition, under the premise of ensuring the electrolysis effect, the material used in the shell body 100 is reduced, the quality of the battery shell is reduced, and the energy density of the battery is improved.

[0055] In addition, this embodiment also limits the maximum size of the second accommodating cavity 112 in the first direction, so that the electrolyte infiltration effect can be guaranteed without excessively increasing the weight of the battery shell, thereby improving the energy density of the battery.

[0056] As another example, please refer to the attached Figure 5 The walls connecting the first accommodating chamber 111 and the second accommodating chamber 112 are connected by a transition arc 300, so as to avoid forming a sharp corner at the connection between the first accommodating chamber 111 and the second accommodating chamber 112, thereby preventing the corner from puncturing or scratching the battery cell, thereby improving the service life and safety of the battery cell, and thus improving the safety of the battery.

[0057] In a possible implementation, the battery housing further includes a cover plate (not shown in the figure), which is disposed on the housing body and covers the accommodating cavity 110 so that the battery housing forms a closed chamber to prevent electrolyte overflow and ensure that the battery can operate normally.

[0058] Among them, a plurality of poles (not shown in the figure) are arranged on the cover plate, and the plurality of poles are selectively electrically connected to the battery cells; wherein the number of poles is less than the number of battery cells 200. In view of the fact that the plurality of battery cells are immersed in the same electrolyte, the number of poles can be selectively set so that the plurality of battery cells are connected in series and / or in parallel, thereby reducing the number of poles and increasing the capacity of a single battery. In addition, in the process of forming a battery module or assembling, the welding of poles is reduced, thereby improving production efficiency.

[0059] It should be noted that the number of poles can be set according to actual production needs, and this embodiment does not make any specific limitation here.

[0060] Embodiment 2

[0061] The present application also provides a battery 400. Figure 6 To Attachment Figure 8 The battery 400 includes a battery housing and a plurality of battery cells 200 , and each battery cell 200 is correspondingly disposed in a first accommodating cavity 111 .

[0062] Among them, the battery 400 provided in most embodiments of the present application can be used as a battery to provide electrical energy to an electrical device. The electrical device in the embodiments of the present application can be a vehicle, for example: the vehicle can be a fuel vehicle, a gas vehicle or a new energy vehicle, and the new energy vehicle can be a pure electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle or an extended-range vehicle, etc.

[0063] In addition, the device may also be other energy storage devices, such as mobile phones, portable devices, laptop computers, electric toys, electric tools, ships and spacecraft, etc., wherein the spacecraft may include an airplane, a rocket, a space shuttle or a spacecraft.

[0064] In view of the fact that in this embodiment, the battery includes the battery housing described in the above embodiment 1, the battery includes any beneficial effects described in the above embodiment 1, and this embodiment will not be further described herein.

[0065] Embodiment 3

[0066] The present application embodiment provides a battery module 500, please refer to the attached Fig. 9 The battery module 500 includes a plurality of batteries 400, and the plurality of batteries 400 are arranged in a plurality of rows. Fig. 9 The Y direction is arranged in sequence. Figure 2 Compared with the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the battery module provided in the embodiment of the present application fully utilizes the gap formed between two adjacent rows of batteries, that is, at least part of the gap formed between two adjacent rows of batteries is adjusted to the inside of the battery shell, thereby increasing the internal space of the battery, thereby increasing the storage space for the electrolyte.

[0067] In one possible implementation, please refer to the attached Fig. 9 In any two adjacent rows, the cells in one row are located between two adjacent cells in the other row. That is to say, in any two adjacent rows, the cells in one row are staggered with the cells in the other row. With such an arrangement, more batteries can be arranged in a unit area, increasing the density of the batteries, thereby reducing the size of the battery module and improving the energy density of the battery module.

[0068] The various embodiments or implementation methods in this specification are described in a progressive manner. Each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments, and the same or similar parts between the various embodiments can be referenced to each other.

[0069] It should be noted that the phrases "one embodiment", "an embodiment", "an exemplary embodiment", "some embodiments", etc. mentioned in the specification indicate that the described embodiments may include certain features, structures or characteristics, but not every embodiment may include the certain features, structures or characteristics. In addition, such phrases do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment. In addition, when describing certain features, structures or characteristics in conjunction with an embodiment, it is within the knowledge of those skilled in the art to implement such features, structures or characteristics in conjunction with other embodiments, whether explicitly or not explicitly described.

[0070] In general, terms should be understood, at least in part, by the context in which they are used. For example, the term "one or more" as used herein may be used to describe any feature, structure, or characteristic in a singular sense, or may be used to describe a combination of features, structures, or characteristics in a plural sense, depending, at least in part, on the context. Similarly, terms such as "a," "an," or "the" may also be understood to convey singular usage or to convey plural usage, depending, at least in part, on the context.

[0071] It should be easily understood that “on,” “above,” and “over” in this application should be interpreted in the broadest manner, so that “on” not only means “directly on something,” but also includes the meaning of “on something” with intervening features or layers therebetween, and “above” or “over” not only includes the meaning of “above something” or “over,” but also may include the meaning of “above something” or “over” with no intervening features or layers therebetween (i.e., directly on something).

[0072] In the description of this application, it should be noted that, unless otherwise clearly specified and limited, the terms "installed", "connected", and "connected" should be understood in a broad sense, for example, it can be a fixed connection, or it can be an indirect connection through an intermediate medium, it can be the internal connection of two elements or the interaction relationship between two elements. For ordinary technicians in this field, the specific meanings of the above terms in this application can be understood according to specific circumstances.

[0073] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. (if any) in the specification and claims of this application and the above-mentioned drawings are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be understood that the numbers used in this way can be interchanged where appropriate, so that the embodiments of the application described herein can be implemented in an order other than those illustrated or described herein, for example.

[0074] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present application, rather than to limit it. Although the present application has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that they can still modify the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments, or replace some or all of the technical features therein with equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A battery housing, characterized in that: include: A shell body having a accommodating cavity, wherein the accommodating cavity includes a plurality of first accommodating cavities and a plurality of second accommodating cavities, wherein the plurality of first accommodating cavities and the plurality of second accommodating cavities are alternately arranged in sequence along a first direction and are interconnected; wherein each of the first accommodating cavities is used to accommodate a battery cell, and the size of each of the second accommodating cavities in the first direction decreases first and then increases along the second direction, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction.

2. The battery housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum size of the second accommodating cavity in the first direction is equal to the distance between the centers of two adjacent first accommodating cavities.

3. The battery housing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The maximum size of the second accommodating cavity in the first direction is smaller than the distance between the center lines of two adjacent first accommodating cavities.

4. The battery case according to claim 3, characterized in that: The maximum size of the second accommodating cavity in the first direction is 1 / 2 to 3 / 4 of the distance between the centers of two adjacent first accommodating cavities.

5. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The first accommodating cavity is circular in shape, and the second accommodating cavity is waist-shaped in shape.

6. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The walls connecting the first accommodating cavity and the second accommodating cavity are connected by a transition arc.

7. The battery housing according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The battery housing further comprises a cover plate, which is disposed on the housing body and covers the accommodating cavity; The cover plate is provided with a plurality of poles, and the plurality of poles are selectively electrically connected to the battery cells; the number of the poles is less than the number of the battery cells.

8. A battery, characterized in that: It comprises the battery casing according to any one of claims 1 to 7 and a plurality of battery cells, each of the battery cells being arranged in a corresponding first accommodating cavity.

9. A battery module, characterized in that: It comprises a plurality of batteries as claimed in claim 8; the plurality of batteries are arranged in a plurality of rows in sequence.

10. The battery module according to claim 9, characterized in that: In any two adjacent rows, a cell in one row of batteries is located between two adjacent cells in another row of batteries.

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