Preparation device of carbon-based straw dust suppression and crusting agent
By isolating and processing straw juice and slag materials, a degradable carbon-based straw dust-repressing crust agent is prepared, which solves the problems of non-degradation and pollution of existing dust-repressing agents, and achieves an efficient and environmentally friendly dust-repressing effect.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202421500102.5
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-06-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-04-15
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-06-27
AI Technical Summary
The existing dust inhibitors have corrosive and non-degradable problems, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of resources. At the same time, the existing straw utilization path is single, making it difficult to effectively suppress dust pollution.
The straw juice and straw slag were quickly separated by the separation device, and a carbon-based straw dust-repressing crust agent was prepared by using steam blasting wall puffing and carbonization processing technology, and combined with pentosan powder as a crosslinking agent to form a degradable dust-repressing agent.
The preparation of a degradable carbon-based straw dust-repressing crust agent has been realized, which improves the dust-repressing effect, reduces environmental pollution, and meets the industry's demand for efficient and environmentally friendly dust-repressing agents.
Smart Images
Figure CN222753288U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the field of straw, in particular to a preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust-suppressing and crusting agent. Background Art
[0002] Dust pollution brings great trouble to the normal travel, production and life of residents. At the same time, dust is characterized by many points, many surfaces and long lines. Commonly used dust suppression methods such as watering and covering have little effect. Dust suppressants are effective in controlling dust due to their long dust suppression cycle and easy use. However, traditional dust suppressants have certain corrosive effects due to the presence of certain inorganic salt desiccant. At the same time, the covering layer formed after spraying is not easy to degrade, which can easily cause secondary pollution to the environment.
[0003] As a large agricultural country, my country can produce more than 700 million tons of straw every year. At present, the comprehensive utilization of plant straw is relatively single, mainly used as straw feed, with a small consumption. Every summer harvest and autumn and winter, there are always a lot of wheat, corn and other straws burned in the fields, producing a lot of thick smoke, which has not only become a bottleneck problem for rural environmental protection, but also become the culprit for the urban environment. Therefore, broadening the utilization of plant straw is of great significance to preventing straw burning and improving the comprehensive reuse rate of straw.
[0004] At present, the market usually adopts dust nets, watering and spraying chemical dust suppressants to deal with dust and dust suppression problems on construction sites and roads. However, dust nets have limited dust prevention effect and cannot be degraded, and the overall cost is high. Sprinkling water to suppress dust wastes a lot of water resources and cannot effectively suppress dust. Although traditional chemical dust suppressants have significant effects, they have a great impact on the soil microenvironment due to their non-degradable characteristics, and their development is limited, and they cannot meet the needs brought about by the rapid development of the industry.
[0005] At the same time, when the existing dust-suppressing and crusting agents are processed through straw preparation, they usually directly crush the straw to obtain cellulose and lignin. In the preparation process, non-degradable synthetic resins and a variety of synthetic polymer materials are required. The long-term use of these materials on the bare soil surface will cause irreversible damage to the geological and hydrological environment. In particular, the long-term use in farmland, urban green belts and other scenes has an immeasurable impact on animals and plants. Utility Model Content
[0006] One purpose of the utility model is to provide a preparation device for a carbon-based straw dust-suppressing and crusting agent, which can quickly separate straw juice and straw residue through a separation device so as to subsequently prepare a degradable carbon-based straw dust-suppressing and crusting agent.
[0007] This purpose is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions:
[0008] A preparation device for a carbon-based straw dust-suppressing and crusting agent, the device comprises a separation device, the separation device is used to separate straw juice and straw residue, the separation device comprises a separation chamber, a rotating rod is arranged in the separation chamber, a spiral blade is arranged on the rotating rod, a feed port and an extrusion chamber are arranged at the upper and lower ends of the separation chamber respectively, and the inner diameter of the feed port decreases from top to bottom. In addition, the feed port and the extrusion chamber are respectively located at the two ends of the rotating rod, and the spiral blade transfers the straw residue from the feed port to the extrusion chamber; when in use, the straw enters the feed port on the separation chamber from the feed port, and enters the separation chamber through the feed port to contact with the spiral blade, the spiral blade rolls the straw into straw residue during the rotation process, and during the rolling process, the straw residue is transferred to the extrusion chamber through the spiral blade, and the straw juice generated by the straw during the rolling process also enters the extrusion chamber together.
[0009] An extrusion plate is arranged in the extrusion cavity, and the extrusion plate can move in the extrusion cavity. A plurality of through holes for passing straw juice are arranged at the lower end of the extrusion cavity, and a straw juice recovery cavity is arranged at the lower end of the extrusion cavity.
[0010] When the straw residue is in the extrusion chamber, the extrusion plate moves in the extrusion chamber to squeeze the straw residue in the extrusion chamber onto the inner wall of the extrusion chamber to obtain straw juice, and the straw juice enters the straw juice recovery chamber through the through hole at the lower end of the extrusion chamber. A separation outlet is provided on one side of the extrusion plate, and an adjustment plate is provided on the separation outlet. The adjustment plate is used to open or close the separation opening. When separating the straw residue and the straw juice, the adjustment plate is extended to close the separation opening, and the extrusion plate squeezes the straw residue to filter the straw juice.
[0011] When in use, the straw residue can be squeezed multiple times by repeatedly moving the squeezing plate in the squeezing chamber, thereby improving the separation efficiency of the straw residue and the straw juice.
[0012] The extrusion plate is connected with a telescopic rod, which drives the extrusion plate to move in the extrusion chamber. The telescopic rod can be extended to different lengths. When straw residue and straw juice need to be filtered, the telescopic rod is extended to a first length, and the extrusion plate contacts the adjustment plate to separate the straw residue and the straw juice.
[0013] Since the height of the extrusion plate is smaller than the width of the separation outlet, the device also includes a crushing device, which is used to crush the straw residue into powder, and the separation outlet of the separation device is connected to the crushing inlet of the crushing device through a connecting pipe.
[0014] When it is necessary to move the straw residue separated from the straw juice to the crushing device for further crushing, the adjusting plate is shortened to open the separation opening, the telescopic rod is extended to the second length, and the extrusion plate is driven by the telescopic rod to pass through the separation outlet and the connecting pipe and move to the crushing inlet, pushing the straw residue into the crushing device, and the crushing device further crushes the straw residue.
[0015] Preferably, the lower end of the extrusion plate is in contact with and perpendicular to the lower end of the extrusion chamber, and a plurality of small through holes through which the straw juice can pass are provided on the extrusion plate, which is more conducive to acting on the straw residue to extrude it, and the straw juice obtained during the extrusion process can enter the straw juice recovery chamber through the small through holes, and a recovery port is provided at the lower end of the straw juice recovery chamber, and when the straw juice reaches a certain amount, the straw juice is taken out through the recovery port.
[0016] At the same time, the lower end of the extrusion chamber is detachably connected to the straw juice recovery chamber. When straw residue is blocked in the extrusion chamber, the lower end of the extrusion chamber can be separated from the straw juice recovery chamber, which is convenient for operators to handle the straw residue in the extrusion chamber and avoid blockage.
[0017] When preparing the crusting agent, firstly, straw is added into a separation device to separate straw juice and straw residue; wherein the straw is corn straw or sorghum straw;
[0018] Pentosan powder is extracted from straw juice; the straw residue is humidified and subjected to steam explosion and puffing treatment; the straw residue after steam explosion and puffing treatment is crushed into powder, and then processed to obtain cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose liquid; the separated lignin is carbonized to obtain organic carbon powder; cellulose, organic carbon powder, pentosan powder and water are mixed in a preset proportion, a thickener is added to form a mixed solution, the pH value of the mixed solution is adjusted to 6-8, the temperature is raised to 50°C, and it is stirred until it is completely dissolved to obtain a carbon-based straw dust suppression and crusting agent.
[0019] Among them, the straw residue is humidified and subjected to steam explosion wall breaking and puffing treatment to make the straw residue loose, so as to facilitate the separation and extraction of cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in the next step. In addition, the invention extracts pentosan from the straw juice as a cross-linking agent for the dust-suppressing crusting agent, which can further improve the degradability and dust-suppressing effect of the dust-suppressing crusting agent prepared by the invention.
[0020] At the same time, the separated lignin is carbonized to obtain organic carbon powder. Adding organic carbon powder to the dust suppressant can fill the pores and defects in the dust suppressant, thereby improving the compactness and rigidity of the dust suppressant. Secondly, the organic carbon powder in the dust suppressant can play a good role in thickening, viscosity, bonding, suspension, water retention, emulsification, dispersion, and stabilization. Carbon has the characteristics of developed pore structure, large specific surface area, strong adsorption capacity, and high strength. Due to its porosity and high specific surface area, the dust suppressant of the present invention has a strong adsorption capacity and can effectively adsorb tiny particles in the air, such as dust, pollen, PM2.5, etc. Carbon can effectively adsorb these tiny particles through its porous structure and surface charge characteristics, thereby achieving the effect of purifying the air.
[0021] This device uses corn straw or sorghum straw as raw materials. Through pressing, separation, wall breaking, puffing and carbonization, large molecular sugars such as straw xylan and cellulose are degraded into low molecular sugars such as cellobiose and monosaccharides. The low molecular sugars are dissolved in the upper clear liquid. After spraying, the water evaporates to form a soft mucous membrane layer, which can maintain moisture absorption capacity for a long time, thereby suppressing dust generation.
[0022] Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the following advantages and beneficial effects:
[0023] The utility model discloses a preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant crusting agent. The device can quickly separate straw into straw residue and straw juice. The straw juice is convenient for subsequent preparation of a crusting agent for use as a cross-linking agent. Meanwhile, the device further crushes the straw residue to prepare cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose liquid.
[0024] The device has a simple structure and is easy to operate. When in use, the squeezing plate is used to squeeze and separate straw juice, and can also be used as a driving structure to drive the straw residue to move to the crushing device, thereby further improving the operating efficiency. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] The drawings described herein are used to provide a further understanding of the embodiments of the present utility model, constitute a part of this application, and do not constitute a limitation of the embodiments of the present utility model. In the drawings:
[0026] Figure 1 This is a structural diagram of the original state of the device;
[0027] Figure 2 It is a structural schematic diagram of the telescopic rod of the device when it is extended to a first length;
[0028] Figure 3 It is a structural schematic diagram of the telescopic rod of the device when it is extended to the second length.
[0029] Marks and corresponding parts names in the attached drawings:
[0030] 1-separation device, 2-separation chamber, 3-feeding port, 4-rotating rod, 5-spiral blade, 6-extrusion chamber, 7-straw juice recovery chamber, 8-separation outlet, 9-extrusion plate, 10-telescopic rod, 11-connecting pipe, 12-crushing device, 13-crushing outlet. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the utility model more clearly understood, the utility model is further described in detail below in conjunction with embodiments and drawings. The schematic implementation methods of the utility model and their descriptions are only used to explain the utility model and are not intended to limit the utility model.
[0032] In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "front", "rear", "left", "right", "up", "down", "vertical", "horizontal", "high", "low", "inside", "outside", etc., indicating directions or positional relationships, are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the accompanying drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying that the device or element referred to must have a specific direction, be constructed and operated in a specific direction, and therefore should not be understood as limiting the scope of protection of the present invention.
[0033] Example 1
[0034] like Figure 1 As shown, the device includes a separation device 1, which is used to separate straw juice and straw residue. The separation device 1 includes a separation chamber 2, in which a rotating rod 4 is arranged, the rotating rod is placed horizontally, and a spiral blade 5 is arranged on the rotating rod 4. The upper and lower ends of the separation chamber 2 are respectively provided with a feed port 3 and an extrusion chamber 6, and the feed port 3 and the extrusion chamber 6 are respectively located at the two ends of the rotating rod 4, and the spiral blade 5 transfers the straw residue from the feed port 3 to the extrusion chamber 6; the inner diameter of the feed port 3 decreases from top to bottom.
[0035] When in use, the straw enters the feed port and the rotating rod rotates. During the rotation, the spiral blades act on the straw to chop the straw entering the extrusion chamber into straw residue. During the chopping process, the spiral blades drive the straw residue from one end of the feed port to one end of the extrusion chamber during rotation, and the extrusion chamber is located at the lower end of the separation chamber. Therefore, when the spiral blades drive the straw residue to move to the upper end of the extrusion chamber, the straw residue can fall directly into the extrusion chamber under the action of gravity.
[0036] An extrusion plate 9 is arranged in the extrusion chamber 6 , and the extrusion plate 9 can move in the extrusion chamber 6 . A plurality of through holes for passing straw juice are arranged at the lower end of the extrusion chamber 6 . A straw juice recovery chamber 7 is arranged at the lower end of the extrusion chamber 6 .
[0037] When the straw residue enters the extrusion chamber, the extrusion plate moves in the extrusion chamber, and the extrusion plate extrudes the straw residue in the extrusion chamber, and after extrusion, the straw juice is further separated from the straw residue. The separated straw juice enters the straw juice recovery chamber 7 through the lower end of the extrusion chamber 6.
[0038] In some embodiments, a telescopic baffle is further provided at the connection between the extrusion chamber and the separation chamber. When the straw residue enters the extrusion chamber, the telescopic baffle is shortened, the opening at the connection between the extrusion chamber and the separation chamber is opened, and the straw residue enters the extrusion chamber. After entering, the telescopic baffle is extended, the opening at the connection between the extrusion chamber and the separation chamber is closed, and the straw residue cannot enter the extrusion chamber. The extrusion plate moves in the extrusion chamber to extrude the straw residue. When the extrusion is completed, the extrusion plate returns to its original position, that is, the straw is not squeezed, the telescopic baffle is shortened, the opening at the connection between the extrusion chamber and the separation chamber is opened, and the straw residue enters the extrusion chamber. This operation is repeated to achieve the extrusion of the straw residue, thereby preventing the straw residue from entering the extrusion chamber during the extrusion of the straw residue by the extrusion plate, thereby affecting the subsequent discharge of the straw residue.
[0039] Example 2
[0040] On the basis of the above embodiment, a telescopic rod 10 is connected to the extrusion plate 9, and the telescopic rod 10 is extended to drive the extrusion plate 9 to move in the extrusion chamber 6. One end of the telescopic rod 10 is connected to an inner side of the extrusion chamber 6, and a separation outlet 8 is provided on the other inner side of the extrusion chamber 6 opposite to the connection of the telescopic rod. The separation outlet 8 is provided with an adjustment plate, and the adjustment plate is used to open or close the separation outlet 8. The height of the extrusion plate 9 is less than the width of the separation outlet 8. The lower end of the extrusion plate 9 is in contact with the lower end of the extrusion chamber 6 and is perpendicular to each other. The extrusion plate 9 is provided with a plurality of small through holes through which straw juice can pass.
[0041] In some embodiments, the device further comprises a crushing device 12 for crushing the straw residue into powder, and the separation outlet 8 of the separation device 1 is connected to the crushing inlet of the crushing device 12 via a connecting pipe 11. The squeezing plate 9 can move through the separation outlet 8 to the crushing inlet.
[0042] When in use, in its original state, the device Figure 1 As shown, the telescopic rod 10 is shortened, the extrusion plate 9 contacts one side of the extrusion chamber, the lower end of the extrusion plate 9 contacts the lower end of the extrusion chamber, and the straw residue enters the extrusion chamber through the spiral blade 5. After entering, the telescopic baffle is extended to separate the connection between the extrusion chamber and the separation chamber, so that the straw residue cannot enter the extrusion chamber. Figure 2 As shown, the straw residue in the extrusion chamber is squeezed, and the straw juice produced by the squeezing enters the straw juice recovery chamber 7 through the through hole at the lower end of the squeezing chamber 6 .
[0043] When the straw residue and the straw juice are separated, the adjusting rod on the separation outlet 8 is opened, and the telescopic rod is extended to the second length. Figure 3As shown, the telescopic rod drives the extrusion plate to move to the crushing inlet through the separation outlet and the connecting pipe, and transmits the straw residue to the crushing device 12. The crushing device 12 crushes the straw residue, and after crushing, it is discharged through the crushing outlet 13.
[0044] In some embodiments, a recovery port is provided at the lower end of the straw juice recovery chamber 7. When a large amount of straw juice is stored, the operator opens the recovery port to directly recover the straw juice.
[0045] Moreover, the lower end of the extrusion chamber 6 is detachably connected to the straw juice recovery chamber 7. When the straw residue in the extrusion chamber 6 is blocked, the straw residue inside the extrusion chamber can be processed by separating the lower end of the extrusion chamber from the straw juice recovery chamber 7.
[0046] Example 3
[0047] On the basis of the above embodiment, a method for preparing a carbon-based straw dust-suppressing and crusting agent comprises the following steps:
[0048] Step 1, adding straw into a separation device 1, crushing and kneading the straw, and separating the straw by spiral pressing to separate straw juice and straw residue; wherein the straw is corn straw or sorghum straw;
[0049] Step 2, extracting pentosan powder from the straw juice;
[0050] Step 2.1, heating and boiling the straw juice for 30-45 minutes.
[0051] Step 2.2, the boiled straw juice is subjected to solid-liquid separation, the straw juice is dehydrated by a horizontal screw centrifuge to obtain a primary separation slurry, and the primary separation slurry is then sent to a vacuum dehydrator for a second solid-liquid separation to obtain a solid phase material;
[0052] Step 2.3, roasting and drying the solid phase material in an electromagnetic roasting machine to obtain straw pentosan powder.
[0053] Step 3, humidifying the straw residue and performing steam explosion wall breaking and puffing treatment;
[0054] Step 4, crushing the straw residue after steam explosion and puffing into powder, and processing to obtain cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose liquid;
[0055] Step 4.1, crushing the straw residue after steam explosion wall puffing treatment into powder and putting it into a reaction container, adding a sodium hydroxide solution with a mass fraction of 18%, water and an auxiliary agent to the reaction container in sequence, stirring evenly, keeping warm at a temperature of 170° C. and a pressure of 0.72 MPa for 2.5 hours, filtering to obtain cellulose and a filtrate; the weight ratio of the crushed straw residue, the sodium hydroxide solution, the water and the auxiliary agent is 10-15:1-3:55-60:1-2; the auxiliary agent is a crusting agent;
[0056] Step 4.2, add 1-1.5% of the total mass of the remaining liquid to the filtrate, heat to 80-85°C, stir for 0.5h, and after precipitation, centrifuge at a speed of 12000-15000r / min for 10-20 minutes to separate lignin and hemicellulose liquid.
[0057] Step 5, carbonizing the separated lignin to obtain organic carbon powder;
[0058] Step 6, after mixing cellulose, organic carbon powder, pentosan powder and water in a preset ratio, adding a thickener to form a mixed solution, adjusting the pH value of the mixed solution to 6-8, heating to 50°C, stirring until completely dissolved, and obtaining a carbon-based straw dust suppression and crusting agent. The weight ratio of cellulose, organic carbon powder, pentosan powder and water is 50-60:10-20:20-35:10000.
[0059] The terms "first", "second", "third", etc. used herein are only used to distinguish the corresponding components for the sake of clarity of description, and are not intended to limit any order or emphasize importance, etc. In addition, the term "connected" used herein, unless otherwise specified, may refer to direct connection or indirect connection via other components.
[0060] The specific implementation methods described above further illustrate the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the utility model in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only the specific implementation method of the utility model and is not used to limit the protection scope of the utility model. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the utility model should be included in the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims
1. A preparation device for a carbon-based straw dust suppression and encrusting agent, characterized in that: The invention comprises a separation device (1), which is used to separate straw juice and straw residue. The separation device (1) comprises a separation chamber (2), a rotating rod (4) is arranged in the separation chamber (2), a spiral blade (5) is arranged on the rotating rod (4), a feed port (3) and an extrusion chamber (6) are arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the separation chamber (2), respectively, and the feed port (3) and the extrusion chamber (6) are respectively located at the two ends of the rotating rod (4), and the spiral blade (5) transfers the straw residue from the feed port (3) to the extrusion chamber (6); an extrusion plate (9) is arranged in the extrusion chamber (6), and the extrusion plate (9) can move in the extrusion chamber (6); a plurality of through holes for passing straw juice are arranged at the lower end of the extrusion chamber (6), and a straw juice recovery chamber (7) is arranged at the lower end of the extrusion chamber (6).
2. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppression and encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The extrusion plate (9) is connected to a telescopic rod (10), and the telescopic rod (10) is extended and retracted to drive the extrusion plate (9) to move in the extrusion chamber (6).
3. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: A separation outlet (8) is provided on one side of the extrusion plate (9), and an adjustment plate is provided on the separation outlet (8). The adjustment plate is used to open or close the separation outlet (8), and the height of the extrusion plate (9) is smaller than the width of the separation outlet (8).
4. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 3, characterized in that: It also comprises a pulverizing device (12), which is used to pulverize the straw residue into powder. The separation outlet (8) of the separation device (1) is connected to the pulverizing inlet of the pulverizing device (12) via a connecting pipe (11).
5. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 4, characterized in that: The pressing plate (9) can be moved through the separation outlet (8) into the comminution inlet.
6. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the extrusion plate (9) and the lower end of the extrusion chamber (6) are in contact with each other and are perpendicular to each other.
7. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The squeezing plate (9) is provided with a plurality of small through holes through which the straw juice can pass.
8. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the straw juice recovery chamber (7) is provided with a recovery port.
9. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner diameter of the feed port (3) decreases from top to bottom.
10. The preparation device of a carbon-based straw dust suppressant encrusting agent according to claim 1, characterized in that: The lower end of the squeezing chamber (6) is detachably connected to the straw juice recovery chamber (7).