Ship rotating shaft phase measuring device
Through the combination of incremental photoelectric encoder and high-speed counting module, combined with optical system and signal processing, the accuracy and stability of the phase measurement of the ship's rotation shaft in the prior art are solved, and high-precision and low-cost phase measurement are achieved, which improves the navigation performance and safety of the ship.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202422581042.0
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-10-24
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-19
- Estimated Expiration
- 2034-10-24
AI Technical Summary
The existing ship rotation shaft phase measurement devices have shortcomings in measurement accuracy, stability, cost, signal processing and phase angle calculation, which affects the ship's navigation performance and safety.
The combination of incremental photoelectric encoder and high-speed counting module is adopted, combined with an optical system, code disk substrate and grating plate, signals are processed through photosensitive elements and precise measurements are performed using phase angle calculation units to reduce input and output errors.
It realizes high-precision and low-cost phase measurement of the ship's rotating shaft. It has simple structure and easy installation. It can accurately calculate the rotating shaft phase, improving navigation performance and safety.
Smart Images
Figure CN223243585U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The utility model relates to the technical field of measuring devices, in particular to a ship rotation shaft phase measuring device. Background Art
[0002] The shafting system plays a crucial role in a ship's propulsion system, providing a crucial support for transmitting power from the main engine to the propeller. Its stability during operation has a direct impact on the ship's navigational performance and safety. Shafting system vibrations are inevitable during operation due to factors such as excitation from the main engine, bending deformation caused by the shafting system's own weight, and the drag torque and thrust generated by the propeller. When shafting vibrations reach a certain level, they can lead to failure of the shafting system and the main engine, reduce power transmission efficiency, and even cause vibrations in the main engine and hull. Therefore, studying ship vibration characteristics is particularly important, and the shaft phase angle is a key parameter in studying ship vibration characteristics.
[0003] Traditionally, mechanical or electromagnetic sensors have been used to measure the phase of a ship's rotating shaft. While these sensors can achieve phase measurement to a certain extent, they suffer from low measurement accuracy, susceptibility to environmental interference, and high maintenance costs. Mechanical sensors are susceptible to wear and vibration, leading to increased measurement errors; electromagnetic sensors can be affected by interference from other electromagnetic equipment on the ship, affecting the accuracy of measurement results.
[0004] With the advancement of optoelectronic technology, photoelectric encoders have gradually been applied to phase measurement of rotating shafts on ships. However, existing photoelectric encoders still have some technical drawbacks in this specific application scenario. For example, some photoelectric encoders suffer from poor design or crude manufacturing processes, resulting in difficulty in ensuring measurement accuracy and stability. Furthermore, while some photoelectric encoders offer high measurement accuracy, their complex structures and high costs hinder their widespread adoption in large-scale applications such as ships.
[0005] Furthermore, existing ship shaft phase measurement devices also have shortcomings in signal processing and phase angle calculation. Due to limited signal processing capabilities, some devices are unable to accurately identify and process the weak signals output by the photoelectric encoder, resulting in distorted measurement results. Furthermore, the algorithms used in the phase angle calculation unit are not optimized, and computational efficiency and accuracy need to be improved.
[0006] In summary, existing ship shaft phase measurement devices still have much room for improvement in terms of measurement accuracy, stability, cost, signal processing, and phase angle calculation. Therefore, developing a high-precision, high-stability, and low-cost ship shaft phase measurement device is crucial for improving ship navigation performance and safety.
[0007] To this end, we propose a ship rotation axis phase measurement device. Utility Model Content
[0008] In response to the shortcomings of the above-mentioned existing production technology, the applicant provides a ship rotation shaft phase measurement device. By using an incremental photoelectric encoder in combination with a high-speed counting module, the input and output errors are reduced, making the phase angle calculation unit more accurate in calculating the phase of the ship rotation shaft.
[0009] The technical solutions adopted in this utility model are as follows:
[0010] A ship rotation shaft phase measurement device, comprising:
[0011] An optical system for projecting light and receiving light signals passing through the code disc substrate and the grating plate;
[0012] The code disc substrate rotates coaxially with the ship's rotation axis and has light-transmitting slits to form equally distributed transparent and opaque areas;
[0013] At least two grating plates are mounted on either side of the code disc substrate and are kept at a certain distance from the code disc substrate. One of the grating plates is provided with a transparent detection slit opposite to the light-transmitting slit on the code disc substrate. The other grating plate is engraved with two sets of transparent detection slits, a and b, with the two sets of slits spaced 1 / 4 of the pitch apart to achieve a 90° phase difference in the output signal.
[0014] A photosensitive element, used to receive the light signal transmitted from the grating plate and convert it into an electrical signal;
[0015] A signal processor device for processing the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element;
[0016] The phase angle calculation unit calculates the phase angle of the ship's rotation axis based on the signal processed by the signal processor device.
[0017] As a further improvement of the above technical solution:
[0018] The optical system includes device I and device II, wherein device I outputs Z pulses, which is mainly used for counting; device II outputs A and B pulses, and by controlling the distance between the light-transmitting slit and the grating plate, the phase difference between the A and B pulses is made to be 90°.
[0019] When pulse A leads pulse B, the Z pulse output count increases; when pulse B leads pulse A, the Z pulse output count decreases.
[0020] The device I and the device II are both provided with a light source, a lens and a photosensitive element, and the light source, the lens and the photosensitive element are arranged perpendicular to the code disc substrate.
[0021] It also includes a high-speed counting module, which serves as a receiving, counting and storage function block for the encoder output pulses and is used to count the pulses according to the phase relationship between the A and B pulses.
[0022] The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows:
[0023] This new device features a compact, rational structure and easy operation. By combining an incremental photoelectric encoder with a high-speed counting module, it reduces input and output errors, making the phase angle calculation unit more accurate in calculating the phase of the ship's rotating shaft. With the improvement of heightening accuracy and the advancement of the code disk substrate processing technology, the accuracy of the photoelectric encoder's graduation value has also increased, and the error tolerance has now met the requirements for ship phase angle calculation.
[0024] At the same time, the utility model also has the following advantages:
[0025] Compared with the previous phase measurement device, this device has a simple structure, high measurement accuracy and simple installation. It can achieve accurate measurement of the phase of the ship's rotating shaft.
[0026] In terms of methods, an incremental photoelectric encoder and a high-speed counting module are used to improve the pulse output and input accuracy and reduce errors.
[0027] In terms of structure, the device is compact, low-cost, easy to assemble and disassemble, saves space, and can be flexibly built according to the phase measurement environment of the ship's rotating shaft. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0028] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of the present utility model.
[0029] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the light and circuit of the utility model.
[0030] Figure 3 It is the main view of the present utility model.
[0031] Figure 4 This is a flow chart of the phase measurement calculation method of the present utility model.
[0032] Among them: 100, device I; 200, code disk substrate; 300, ship rotating shaft; 400, device II; 500, photosensitive element; 600, light-transmitting slit; 700, grating plate; 800, lens; 900, light source. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0033] The specific implementation of the present utility model will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
[0034] like Figure 1-Figure 4As shown, this embodiment discloses a device for measuring the phase of a ship's rotating shaft, designed to accurately measure the phase of a ship's rotating shaft. Its core components include a photosensor 500, a code disk substrate 200 with light-transmitting slits 600, a grating plate 700, an optical system, and a signal processing system. These components, through precise design and assembly, together form an efficient and accurate measurement system.
[0035] Code disk substrate 200: As a core component of the measurement device, code disk substrate 200 is engraved with equally spaced radial slits, creating evenly distributed transparent and opaque areas. These slits are designed to alternately transmit and block light as code disk substrate 200 rotates, interacting with the detection slits on grating plate 700, thereby generating an optical signal.
[0036] Grating plates 700: This device utilizes two grating plates 700, one mounted on either side of the ship's rotating shaft 300 and positioned at a distance from the code disk substrate 200. One grating plate 700 features a transparent detection slit, positioned opposite the light-transmitting slit 600 on the code disk substrate 200, for zero-position calibration. The other grating plate 700 is engraved with two sets of transparent detection slits, a and b, spaced 1 / 4 of the pitch apart. This design ensures a 90° phase difference between the pulse signals output by the two plates, providing a basis for determining the rotation direction of the ship's rotating shaft 300.
[0037] The optical system in this embodiment includes:
[0038] Light source 900: provides a stable light source to ensure the generation and transmission of optical signals.
[0039] Lens 800 : used to focus the light emitted by the light source 900 to ensure that the light can be accurately projected onto the code disc substrate 200 and the grating plate 700 .
[0040] Photosensitive element 500: receives the light signal transmitted from the grating plate 700 and converts it into an electrical signal (pulse signal) for subsequent processing by a signal processor device.
[0041] The signal processing system in this embodiment includes:
[0042] Signal processor: Receives the pulse signal output by the photosensitive element 500 and performs operations such as counting and storage. Simultaneously, it determines the rotation direction of the ship's rotating shaft 300 based on the phase difference of the pulse signals output by the two grating plates 700 and adds or subtracts the count value accordingly.
[0043] Phase angle calculation unit: When the pulse counting cumulative time reaches the set value, the current phase angle of the ship's rotating shaft 300 is calculated and output based on the count value and the number of pulses triggered by one rotation of the magnetic grid.
[0044] The core principle of this ship rotation axis phase measurement device is based on the working principle of an incremental photoelectric encoder. The incremental photoelectric encoder mainly consists of a code disk substrate 200, a fixed grating plate 700, an optical system (including a light source 900, a lens 800), and a photosensitive element 500.
[0045] Code disk substrate 200 and fixed grating plate 700: Code disk substrate 200 is coaxially mounted with the ship's rotating shaft 300 and rotates with it. Fixed grating plate 700 remains stationary and features two sets of transparent detection slits, a and b, which, along with the radial slits on code disk substrate 200, create an alternating light-transmitting and light-blocking effect.
[0046] Optical System and Photoelectric Conversion: Light from the light source 900 is focused by the lens 800 and then projected onto the code disc substrate 200 and the fixed grating plate 700. When the opaque area on the code disc substrate 200 aligns with the transparent slits on the fixed grating plate 700, the light is blocked, the light signal received by the photosensitive element 500 is weak, and the output voltage is minimum. Conversely, when the transparent area on the code disc substrate 200 aligns with the transparent slits on the fixed grating plate 700, the light passes through completely, the light signal received by the photosensitive element 500 is strong, and the output voltage is maximum. Thus, with each rotation of the code disc substrate 200 through one engraved line cycle, the photosensitive element 500 outputs a nearly sinusoidal voltage signal, and the voltage signals output by the two photosensitive elements 500 are 90° out of phase.
[0047] Signal Output and Direction Determination: Incremental photoelectric encoders typically have three output signals: A, B, and Z. The A and B signals are TTL level signals, with the A pulse preceding the B pulse, and a 90° phase difference between them. When the encoder substrate 200 (i.e., the ship's rotating shaft 300) rotates forward, the A signal leads the B signal by 90°; when rotating reversely, the B signal leads the A signal by 90°. Thus, by comparing the phase relationship between the A and B signals, the rotation direction of the ship's rotating shaft 300 can be determined. Furthermore, a Z pulse is emitted with each revolution as a mechanical zero reference for calibration and resetting.
[0048] The ship's rotating shaft phase angle measurement device includes a high-speed counting module that receives, counts, and stores encoder output pulses. This module determines the rotation direction of the ship's rotating shaft 300 based on the phase relationship between the A and B signals and adds or subtracts the count value accordingly. When the shaft rotates forward (A leads B by 90°), the pulse count value increases by 1 (and a Z pulse is output simultaneously); when the shaft rotates backward (B leads A by 90°), the pulse count value decreases by 1 (and a Z pulse is output simultaneously). This cumulative pulse count value determines the rotation angle of the ship's rotating shaft 300. Finally, the phase angle calculation unit calculates and outputs the current phase angle of the ship's rotating shaft 300 based on the count value and the number of pulses triggered by one rotation of the magnetic grating.
[0049] Specifically, the code disc substrate 200 is engraved with radial slits of equal pitch, forming equally distributed transparent and opaque areas. The grating plate 700 is parallel to the code disc substrate 200 and is engraved with two sets of transparent detection slits a and b, which are staggered by (K+1 / 4) pitches to achieve a phase difference of 90° in the output signal. In the operating state, the code disc substrate 200 rotates together with the rotating shaft, the grating plate 700 is stationary, and the light emitted by the light source 900 is projected onto the code disc substrate 200 and the grating plate 700. When the opaque area on the code disc substrate 200 is exactly aligned with the transparent slit on the grating plate 700, the light is blocked and the output voltage is minimum; when the transparent area on the code disc substrate 200 is exactly aligned with the transparent slit on the grating plate 700, all light passes through and the output voltage is maximum. Each time the code disk substrate 200 rotates through a single engraved line cycle, a nearly sinusoidal voltage is output through the photosensitive element 500, with a voltage phase difference of 90°. The greater the number of pulses generated per revolution, the higher the resolution. Incremental encoders typically have three output signals: A, B, and Z. These signals typically use TTL levels, with the A pulse preceding the B pulse, with a 90° phase difference between the A and B pulses. A Z pulse is emitted each revolution, serving as a reference for the mechanical zero position. If A leads B by 90°, the rotation is forward, while if B leads A by 90°, the rotation is reverse. This allows the direction of rotation to be determined.
[0050] Secondly, the ship's rotating shaft phase angle measurement device includes a high-speed counting module that receives, counts, and stores encoder output pulses. When the shaft rotates forward (i.e., A leads B by 90°), the pulse count value increases by 1 (Z pulse output). When the shaft rotates backward (i.e., B leads A by 90°), the pulse count value decreases by 1 (Z pulse output).
[0051] Finally: The phase angle calculation unit calculates the phase angle when the pulse counting cumulative time reaches the set value. The specific calculation formula is as follows:
[0052]
[0053] Where θ is the current phase angle of the shaft, in rad; is the accumulated value of the pulse count within time T; and is the number of pulses triggered by one rotation of the magnetic grid.
[0054] Figure 2 Device I100 outputs the Z pulse, which is primarily used for counting. Device II400 outputs both A and B pulses. By controlling the distance between the light-transmitting slit 600 and the grating plate 700, the difference between the A and B output pulses is controlled to be 90°. When A leads B, the Z pulse output counts up; when B leads A, the Z pulse output counts down.
[0055] The method and device for measuring the phase of the ship's rotating shaft 300 proposed in this utility model are based on the measurement principle of an incremental encoder and the use of high-precision photoelectric sensors, which provide effective guarantees for the accurate determination of measurement data.
[0056] In summary, compared to previous phase measurement devices, this device boasts a simple structure, high measurement accuracy, and easy installation. The combination of an incremental photoelectric encoder and a high-speed counting module reduces input and output errors, making the phase angle calculation unit more accurate in calculating the phase of the ship's rotating shaft 300. With increasing precision and improved processing of the code disc substrate 200, the resolution of the photoelectric encoder has also improved, achieving a tolerance level sufficient for ship phase angle calculations.
[0057] Compared with the previous phase measurement device, this device has a simple structure, high measurement accuracy and simple installation. It can achieve accurate measurement of the phase of the ship's rotating shaft 300
[0058] In terms of methods, an incremental photoelectric encoder and a high-speed counting module are used to improve the pulse output and input accuracy and reduce errors.
[0059] In terms of structure, the device is compact, low-cost, easy to assemble and disassemble, saves space, and can be flexibly built according to the 300-degree phase measurement environment of the ship's rotating shaft.
[0060] The above description is an explanation of the utility model, not a limitation of the utility model. The scope of the utility model is defined by the claims. Any form of modification can be made within the scope of protection of the utility model.
Claims
1. A ship rotation shaft phase measurement device, characterized in that: include: An optical system for projecting light and receiving light signals passing through the code disc substrate and the grating plate; The code disc substrate rotates coaxially with the ship's rotation axis and has light-transmitting slits to form equally distributed transparent and opaque areas; At least two grating plates are mounted on both sides of the code disc substrate and keep a certain distance from the code disc substrate; A photosensitive element, used to receive the light signal transmitted from the grating plate and convert it into an electrical signal; A signal processor device for processing the electrical signal output by the photosensitive element; The phase angle calculation unit calculates the phase angle of the ship's rotation axis based on the signal processed by the signal processor device.
2. The ship rotation axis phase measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: One of the grating plates is provided with a transparent detection slit opposite to the light-transmitting slit on the code disc substrate, and the other grating plate is engraved with two groups of transparent detection slits a and b, with the two groups of slits spaced 1 / 4 of a pitch apart to achieve a phase difference of 90° in the output signal.
3. The ship rotation axis phase measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The optical system includes device I and device II, wherein device I outputs Z pulses for counting; device II outputs A and B pulses, and by controlling the distance between the light-transmitting slit and the grating plate, the phase difference between the A and B pulses is made 90°.
4. The ship rotation shaft phase measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: When pulse A leads pulse B, the Z pulse output count increases; when pulse B leads pulse A, the Z pulse output count decreases.
5. The ship rotation axis phase measurement device according to claim 3, characterized in that: The device I and the device II are both provided with a light source, a lens and a photosensitive element, and the light source, the lens and the photosensitive element are arranged perpendicular to the code disc substrate.
6. The ship rotation axis phase measurement device according to claim 1, characterized in that: It also includes a high-speed counting module, which serves as a receiving, counting and storage function block for the encoder output pulses and is used to count the pulses according to the phase relationship between the A and B pulses.