Starter for different power supplies and manual power supply switching structure thereof

Abstract

The utility model relates to a starter for different power supplies and a manual power supply switching structure thereof, the starter comprises the manual power supply switching structure, and motor stator coils of the starter comprise a first stator coil and a second stator coil; the manual power supply switching structure comprises a first wiring terminal and a second wiring terminal which correspond to a first stator coil and a second stator coil respectively, are installed on a shell of the starter and are connected with the first stator coil and the second stator coil respectively; the first stator coil is connected with the main loop circuit through a first terminal; the switching structure is used for manually switching to connect or disconnect the second wiring end and the main loop circuit; when the starter power supply is a high-voltage, large-capacity or small-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure disconnects the second wiring end and the main loop circuit, and only the first stator coil is powered on; when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, small-capacity or large-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure connects the second wiring end and the main loop circuit, the first stator coil and the second stator coil are powered on at the same time, and the first stator coil and the second stator coil are connected in parallel.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to a starter motor, and more particularly to a starter motor for different power sources and its manual power switching structure. Background Technology

[0002] Lead-acid batteries are widely used in engine starting power and backup power due to their mature technology, low cost, and high safety. Therefore, the structure of starters is entirely based on the characteristics of lead-acid batteries. With technological advancements, the performance and safety of lithium batteries have continuously improved, and coupled with increasing vehicle demand, lithium batteries have gradually replaced lead-acid batteries in the engine field. However, lead-acid batteries still maintain a certain market share due to their cost advantage and reliability. Compared to lead-acid batteries, lithium batteries have lower internal resistance (typically 0.5-2mΩ, while lead-acid batteries are 5-20mΩ) and instantaneous discharge current that can be 2-3 times that of lead-acid batteries. These characteristics lead to overheating of the starter coil and accelerated brush wear. Furthermore, the full-charge voltage of lithium batteries is 2-3V higher than that of lead-acid batteries, which can cause the starter solenoid switch contacts to burn out easily. High voltage corresponds to high starter speed, and low internal resistance corresponds to high starter current; both of these operating conditions place significant mechanical and current shocks on the starter. Therefore, using lithium batteries can cause excessive stress on the starter, thus reducing its lifespan.

[0003] The existing starter motor mainly consists of four parts: a control switch, an electromagnetic switch, a motor, and a transmission system. Its working principle is as follows: When the driver turns on the ignition key, the starter motor's control switch is first energized and closes, followed by the electromagnetic switch. The electromagnetic switch drives the gears outward and simultaneously closes the switch contacts. At this time, the motor is energized, the coil is energized, and a strong electromagnetic force is generated to drive the motor. The motor transmits power to the engine flywheel through the transmission system, thereby driving the engine crankshaft to rotate, completing the engine starting process. This series of actions is completed in a very short time, ensuring that the engine can start quickly and smoothly. The structure of this starter motor has been optimized over a long period and features high reliability, simple structure, and convenient maintenance, making it widely used in various types of internal combustion engine vehicles.

[0004] Under current technological conditions, directly incorporating a lithium battery into the starter motor would generate excessive peak current during startup. This would not only significantly increase the starter motor's starting torque and mechanical shock but also severely impact its critical components. For example, the lifespan of electrical components such as brushes, commutators, and switches would be drastically shortened due to the excessive current, while mechanical transmission components such as one-way gears would be subjected to greater impact loads, leading to premature wear or damage.

[0005] On the other hand, while starters designed specifically for lithium batteries can optimize their performance, they can also cause problems when using lead-acid batteries. This is because lead-acid batteries have different voltage and discharge characteristics compared to lithium batteries, leading to insufficient output power in lead-acid battery applications, especially in low-temperature environments, which may prevent the engine from starting smoothly. Therefore, existing starters cannot simultaneously meet the different operating conditions of both lead-acid and lithium batteries. Utility Model Content

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by this utility model is to address the above-mentioned deficiencies of the prior art by providing a starter motor for different power sources and its manual power switching structure.

[0007] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources, wherein the stator coil of the starter motor includes a first stator coil and a second stator coil, and the manual power switching structure includes:

[0008] The first terminal is mounted on the housing of the starter motor, corresponding to the first stator coil, and connected to the first stator coil. The first stator coil is connected to the main circuit circuit through the first terminal.

[0009] The second terminal, corresponding to the second stator coil, is mounted on the starter's housing and connected to the second stator coil; and

[0010] Switch the structure and manually switch the connection or disconnection between the second terminal and the main circuit.

[0011] When the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure disconnects the second terminal and the main circuit, and only the first stator coil is energized; when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, low-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure connects the second terminal and the main circuit, the first stator coil and the second stator coil are energized simultaneously, and the first stator coil and the second stator coil are connected in parallel.

[0012] In the above-described manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources, the first terminal and the second terminal are respectively a terminal post, a terminal clamp, or a terminal block.

[0013] The above-mentioned manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources includes a switching switch and a switching conductor. The two ends of the switching conductor are respectively connected to the main circuit circuit and the second terminal. The switching switch is disposed on the switching conductor.

[0014] The above-mentioned manual power switching structure for different power starters is wherein the switching structure is a lead wire or a connecting piece, and the two ends of the lead wire are respectively provided with a first terminal and a second terminal. One end of the connecting piece or the first terminal is connected to the main circuit circuit, and the other end of the connecting piece or the second terminal is connected to the second terminal.

[0015] In the above-described manual power switching structure for starters with different power supplies, one end of the connecting piece or the first connecting terminal is connected to the first connecting terminal, the first connecting terminal is connected to the stator main wire, and the stator main wire is connected to the electromagnetic switch terminal of the starter; or, one end of the connecting piece or the first connecting terminal is connected to the electromagnetic switch terminal of the starter.

[0016] In the above-described manual power switching structure for starters with different power supplies, when the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, the first terminal is disconnected from the first terminal, and / or the second terminal is disconnected from the second terminal; when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, low-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, the first terminal is connected to the first terminal, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal.

[0017] In the above-described manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources, the first terminal block is fixedly connected to or detachably connected to the first terminal; the second terminal block is detachably connected to or fixedly connected to the second terminal.

[0018] In the above-described manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources, the first terminal is riveted to the first terminal block, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal block by a stud; or, the first terminal is connected to the first terminal block by a stud, and the second terminal is riveted to the second terminal block.

[0019] The aforementioned manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources is wherein the switching structure is fixed to the housing of the starter.

[0020] To better achieve the above objectives, this utility model also provides a starter motor for different power sources, which includes the aforementioned manual power switching structure.

[0021] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] This invention can be used in starters with different power sources, adapting to situations where starters are powered by both low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power sources (such as lead-acid batteries) and high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power sources (such as lithium batteries). Starters configured with different power sources can be matched to different power types via a manual power switching structure, achieving efficient compatibility between both low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power sources and high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power sources. This starter can achieve efficient and reliable starting performance under both power systems. Simultaneously, the starter has a simple structure, minimal changes, and low modification costs, avoiding complex structural modifications and significant cost increases. It can meet diverse needs while maintaining economy, possessing wide applicability. It not only adapts to the future trend of increasingly widespread high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power sources but also addresses the current situation where low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power sources still dominate, providing more flexible and reliable technical support and exhibiting high applicability and economy.

[0023] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments, but this is not intended to limit the present invention. Attached Figure Description

[0024] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of a starter motor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a manual power switching structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a manual power switching structure according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stator coil unfolded according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the first terminal in an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the second terminal connection according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the second terminal connection according to another embodiment of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention when the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply.

[0032] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention when the starter power supply is a low voltage, small capacity, or high internal resistance power supply.

[0033] Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram for another embodiment of the present invention when the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply.

[0034] Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram for another embodiment of the present invention when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply.

[0035] Among them, the attached reference numerals

[0036] 1. Shell

[0037] 2 Electromagnetic switches

[0038] 3 motor stator coils

[0039] 31 First stator coil

[0040] 32 Second stator coil

[0041] 33 stator main wire

[0042] 4. Manual power switching structure

[0043] 41 First terminal

[0044] 42 Second terminal

[0045] 43 Switching Structure

[0046] 431 switch

[0047] 432 Switching Conductor

[0048] 44 First terminal

[0049] 45 Second terminal

[0050] 46 stud connection

[0051] 47 First Riveting Part

[0052] 48 Second Riveting Part Detailed Implementation

[0053] The structural and working principles of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

[0054] See Figure 1 , Figure 1This is a schematic diagram of a starter motor structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The starter motor of the present invention, designed for different power sources, achieves compatibility with both low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power sources (such as lead-acid batteries) and high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power sources (such as lithium batteries) with minimal changes to the overall design, ensuring smooth engine starting under different battery types, reducing costs, and extending the starter motor's lifespan. Since the composition, structure, relative positions, connections, and functions of each part of the starter motor are all mature existing technologies, they will not be described in detail here. Only the manual power switching structure 4 of the present invention will be described in detail below.

[0055] See Figures 2-4 , Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of a manual power switching structure 4 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 3 This is a cross-sectional view of a manual power switching structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the stator coil unfolded according to an embodiment of the present invention. The manual power switching structure 4 of the present invention for a starter motor with different power supplies includes a first stator coil 31 and a second stator coil 32. When the first stator coil 31 and the second stator coil 32 are energized simultaneously, they are connected in parallel. Preferably, the first stator coil 31 includes three coil groups, and the second stator coil 32 includes one coil group. The number of coil groups can be adjusted according to actual needs. The manual power switching structure 4 includes: a first terminal 41, corresponding to the first stator coil 31, mounted on the starter motor housing 1 and connected to the first stator coil 31; the first stator coil 31 is connected to the main circuit circuit through the first terminal 41; and a second terminal 42, corresponding to the second stator coil 32, mounted on the starter motor housing 1 and connected to the second stator coil 32. The second stator coil 32 is connected; in this embodiment, the first terminal 41 and the second terminal 42 can be respectively a terminal post, a terminal clamp, or a terminal block; and a switching structure 43 is used to manually switch the connection or disconnection of the second terminal 42 and the main circuit; wherein, when the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, such as a lithium battery, the switching structure 43 disconnects the second terminal 42, and only the first stator coil 31 is energized, while the second stator coil 32 is not energized; when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, low-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, such as a lead-acid battery, the switching structure 43 connects the second terminal 42 and the main circuit, and the first stator coil 31 and the second stator coil 32 are energized simultaneously, and the first stator coil 31 and the second stator coil 32 are connected in parallel. Wherein, depending on specific needs, the switching structure 43 can be fixed to the starter housing 1 so that it cannot be disassembled; alternatively, the switching structure 43 can be left unrestrained and separated from the starter housing 1, and this is not limited.

[0056] In this embodiment, the switching structure 43 can be a lead wire or a connecting piece, and the connecting piece can be a metal sheet with an insulating layer. When the switching structure 43 is a lead wire, a first connecting terminal 44 and a second connecting terminal 45 are respectively provided at both ends. One end of the connecting piece or the first connecting terminal 44 is connected to the main circuit circuit, and the other end of the connecting piece or the second connecting terminal 45 is connected to the second connecting terminal 42. Alternatively, in another embodiment (see...) Figure 10 The switching structure 43 includes a switching switch 431 and a switching conductor 432. The two ends of the switching conductor 432 are respectively connected to the main circuit and the second terminal 42. The switching switch 431 is disposed on the switching conductor 432 and is used to connect or disconnect the main circuit and the second terminal 42.

[0057] See Figures 5-7 , Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the first terminal 41 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the second terminal 42 according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure 7This is a schematic diagram of the connection of the second terminal 42 according to another embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, the first terminal 41 and the second terminal 42 are located on opposite sides of the starter housing 1. One end of the connecting piece or the first terminal 44 is connected to the first terminal 41. The first terminal 41 is connected to the stator main wire 33, and the stator main wire 33 is connected to the electromagnetic switch 2 terminal of the starter. Alternatively, one end of the connecting piece or the first terminal 44 can be directly connected to the electromagnetic switch 2 terminal of the starter. The first terminal 41 is welded to the first stator coil 31; the second terminal 42 is welded to the second stator coil 32. The first terminal 44 is fixedly connected to the first terminal 41 or detachably connected; the second terminal 45 is detachably connected to the second terminal 42 or fixedly connected. Wherein, when the first terminal 44 is fixedly connected to the first terminal 41, the second terminal 45 is detachably connected to the second terminal 42. The first terminal 41 and the first terminal 44 can be directly riveted together by the first riveting part 47, and the second terminal 42 and the second terminal 45 can be connected by the stud connection part 46; or, when the first terminal 44 and the first terminal 41 are detachably connected, the second terminal 45 and the second terminal 42 are fixedly connected. The first terminal 41 and the first terminal 44 are connected by studs, and the second terminal 42 and the second terminal 45 are directly riveted together by the second riveting part 48. Alternatively, the first terminal 41 and the first terminal 44, and the second terminal 42 and the second terminal 45 are both detachably connected. The first terminal 41 and the first terminal 44 are connected by studs, and the second terminal 42 and the second terminal 45 are connected by studs.

[0058] See Figure 8 and Figure 9 , Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of an embodiment of the present invention when the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply. Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram for a starter motor power supply with low voltage, small capacity, or high internal resistance according to an embodiment of the present invention. In this embodiment, when the starter motor power supply is a high voltage, large capacity, or low internal resistance power supply, the first terminal 44 is disconnected from the first terminal 41, and / or the second terminal 45 is disconnected from the second terminal 42, that is, the switching structure 43 is not connected to the first terminal 41 and / or the second terminal 42; when the starter motor power supply is a low voltage, small capacity, or high internal resistance power supply, the first terminal 44 is connected to the first terminal 41, and the second terminal 45 is connected to the second terminal 42, that is, the switching structure 43 is connected to the first terminal 41 and the second terminal 42.

[0059] See Figure 10 and Figure 11 , Figure 10 This is a circuit diagram for another embodiment of the present invention where the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply. Figure 11 This is a circuit diagram for another embodiment of the present invention when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply. When using a high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, such as... Figure 10 As shown, when switch 431 is turned on, the second terminal 42 is not connected to the main circuit. At this time, only the first stator coil 31 is energized, and the second stator coil 32 is not energized. When using a low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, such as Figure 11 As shown, when switch 431 is closed, the second terminal 42 is connected to the main circuit, energizing both the first stator coil 31 and the second stator coil 32 simultaneously. By switching the different connection methods of structure 43, the second terminal 42 can be connected or disconnected from the main circuit. In high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply applications, reducing the starter's braking torque effectively reduces mechanical shock during starting. This not only reduces wear on critical internal components of the starter (such as brushes, commutators, gears, etc.) but also reduces the impact load on the transmission system, thus preventing premature component damage due to excessive mechanical stress. Furthermore, reducing the braking torque improves the starter's operational smoothness, further reducing the failure rate and enhancing overall reliability. The starter's durability under high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply conditions is significantly improved, providing longer-lasting stable performance while also reducing maintenance and replacement costs.

[0060] In this embodiment, the starter's stator coils are divided into two sets of coils: a first stator coil 31 and a second stator coil 32. These two sets of coils are connected in parallel when simultaneously energized. The first stator coil 31 is connected to the first terminal 41, and the second stator coil 32 is connected to the second terminal 42. Depending on the starter's battery type, the connection between the second terminal 42 and the main circuit is adjusted via a switching structure 43. When using a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure 43 is disconnected, and the second terminal 42 is not connected to the main circuit. In this case, only the first stator coil 31 is energized, and the second stator coil 32 is de-energized. This effectively reduces the starter's output torque, thereby reducing the initial disc torque and the dragging speed during the dragging process. It avoids starter overload problems caused by the high voltage and low internal resistance characteristics of high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supplies, extends the service life of key starter components, and reduces mechanical shock damage to the transmission system. When using a low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, the second terminal 42 is connected to the main circuit via the switching structure 43, so that the first stator coil 31 and the second stator coil 32 are energized simultaneously. The starter's operating state remains consistent with existing technology, providing sufficient output power and starting torque to ensure smooth engine starting even under harsh conditions such as low temperatures, avoiding problems caused by insufficient power.

[0061] This invention re-divides the stator coils of the starter motor and connects the second terminal 42 to the main circuit via a switching structure 43, thereby adjusting the number of stator coils and enabling flexible switching for different battery types. When using high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supplies, the switching structure 43 is not connected to the second terminal 42, leaving only the first stator coil 31 energized and the second stator coil 32 de-energized. This effectively reduces the starter motor's output torque and power, thereby reducing mechanical shock and component wear, and adapting to the characteristics of high voltage and low internal resistance, such as lithium batteries. When using low-voltage, low-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supplies, the switching structure 43 connects the second terminal 42 to the main circuit, allowing the first stator coil 31 and the second stator coil 32 to be connected in parallel and energized simultaneously. This ensures sufficient output torque and power in applications such as lead-acid batteries, meeting starting requirements.

[0062] Meanwhile, the output torque of the starter can be adjusted according to different battery types to optimize starting performance and reduce mechanical shock. When using high-voltage, high-capacity or low-internal-resistance power supplies, only the first stator coil 31 in the starter stator carries current, thereby reducing the output torque and reducing mechanical shock during the starting process, extending the service life of the starter and related mechanical components. When using low-voltage, low-capacity or high-internal-resistance power supplies, the output torque remains consistent with the original starter to ensure sufficient starting torque and avoid starting failure due to insufficient power.

[0063] This invention, through coil grouping and manual switching connection, can simultaneously meet the application requirements of two different power supply systems: low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supplies and high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supplies. By adjusting the energizing state of the stator coils, flexible control of the starter's output power can be achieved. When using a high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, only the first stator coil 31 carries current, thereby reducing the output power and avoiding starter overload problems caused by the high-voltage characteristics of the high-voltage, large-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply. It also reduces wear on electrical components (such as brushes and commutators). When using a low-voltage, small-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, the output power remains consistent with the original starter, ensuring reliability and stability in traditional application scenarios.

[0064] Of course, there may be other embodiments of this utility model. Without departing from the spirit and essence of this utility model, those skilled in the art can make various corresponding changes and modifications based on this utility model, but these corresponding changes and modifications should all fall within the protection scope of the appended claims of this utility model.

Claims

1. A manual power switching structure for starters powered by different power sources, characterized in that, The starter motor stator coils include a first stator coil and a second stator coil, and the manual power switching structure includes: The first terminal is mounted on the housing of the starter motor, corresponding to the first stator coil, and connected to the first stator coil. The first stator coil is connected to the main circuit circuit through the first terminal. The second terminal, corresponding to the second stator coil, is mounted on the starter's housing and connected to the second stator coil; and Switch the structure and manually switch the connection or disconnection between the second terminal and the main circuit; When the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure disconnects the second terminal and the main circuit, and only the first stator coil is energized; when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, low-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, the switching structure connects the second terminal and the main circuit, the first stator coil and the second stator coil are energized simultaneously, and the first stator coil and the second stator coil are connected in parallel.

2. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The first terminal and the second terminal are respectively a terminal post, a terminal clamp, or a terminal block.

3. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The switching structure includes a switching switch and a switching conductor. The two ends of the switching conductor are respectively connected to the main circuit and the second terminal. The switching switch is disposed on the switching conductor.

4. The manual power switching structure for different power supply starters as described in claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The switching structure is a lead wire or a connector. The two ends of the lead wire are respectively provided with a first connector and a second connector. One end of the connector or the first connector is connected to the main circuit circuit, and the other end of the connector or the second connector is connected to the second connector.

5. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 4, characterized in that, One end of the connector or the first terminal is connected to the first terminal, the first terminal is connected to the stator main wire, and the stator main wire is connected to the electromagnetic switch terminal of the starter; or, one end of the connector or the first terminal is connected to the electromagnetic switch terminal of the starter.

6. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 4, characterized in that, When the starter power supply is a high-voltage, high-capacity, or low-internal-resistance power supply, the first terminal is disconnected from the first terminal, and / or the second terminal is disconnected from the second terminal; when the starter power supply is a low-voltage, low-capacity, or high-internal-resistance power supply, the first terminal is connected to the first terminal, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal.

7. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 4, characterized in that, The first terminal block is fixedly connected to or detachably connected to the first terminal; the second terminal block is detachably connected to or fixedly connected to the second terminal.

8. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 7, characterized in that, The first terminal is riveted to the first terminal block, and the second terminal is connected to the second terminal block by a stud; or, the first terminal is connected to the first terminal block by a stud, and the second terminal is riveted to the second terminal block.

9. The manual power switching structure for starters with different power sources as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The switching structure is fixed to the housing of the starter motor.

10. A starter motor for different power sources, characterized in that, Includes the manual power switching structure as described in any one of claims 1-9.

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