Field vegetable film mulching and sowing integrated equipment capable of adjusting plant spacing

Abstract

The utility model discloses field vegetable film mulching and sowing integrated equipment capable of adjusting plant spacing, and belongs to the field of agricultural mechanical equipment. The equipment comprises a rack, a film mulching mechanism, a seeding and fertilizing mechanism, a power mechanism and a control system. A quick-release film breaking cone is arranged on the wheel surface of a punching wheel of the seeding and fertilizing mechanism, and a quick-release annular slope-shaped bump is arranged on the side wall of the punching wheel and is matched with a telescopic contact of an automatic blanking box to control blanking and seeding. By increasing or decreasing the number of the bumps, the plant spacing can be accurately adjusted when the running speed of the equipment is fixed. The equipment integrates ditching, film covering, soil covering, sowing and other procedures, realizes integrated operation, and reduces the cost and the labor intensity. The volume of the automatic blanking box and the size of an outlet can be adjusted, an annular rail is arranged on the surface of the protruding block, the two ends of the connecting lever are supported by compression springs, and stable and reliable operation of equipment is guaranteed. The equipment is good in film mulching effect, capable of avoiding the problem of uneven plant spacing caused by manual film mulching, capable of improving the vegetable yield and wide in application range.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to agricultural machinery equipment field, concretely relates to a big field vegetable mulching and sowing integrated equipment with adjustable plant spacing. BACKGROUND

[0002] With the development of agricultural technology, field mulching gradually popularizes, and after completing land ridging, mulching can effectively block soil heat from emitting outward, make ground temperature rise, can reduce soil moisture evaporation simultaneously, keep soil moist, make soil humidity stable, guarantee that soil is less affected by outside wind and rain erosion and human trampling, soil structure is not easy to be destroyed, can also inhibit weed seed germination and growth and reduce disease and insect pests.

[0003] In the big field vegetable planting, field mulching generally adopts manual or mechanical mode.

[0004] When mulching manually, the mulch film is pulled tight, laid flat, makes the mulch film and ground closely adhere to each other, and the soil is compacted around the mulch film, prevents the mulch film from being blown away, the efficiency is relatively low, the plant spacing is uneven, influences vegetable growth and yield, and the mechanical mulching efficiency is high, quality is good, but some existing equipment is single function, needs multiple equipment cooperation to complete sowing and mulching operation simultaneously, increases cost and labor intensity, and different vegetable varieties require different plant spacing, some existing integrated equipment is difficult to accurately adjust plant spacing to meet diversified planting demand, or needs to adopt relatively complex means to adjust plant spacing, for example, plant spacing is adjusted by changing the rotating speed of the seed metering device or the size of the seed metering wheel, for example, the seed metering device adopts gear transmission, the plant spacing adjusting mechanism is through replacing gears with different teeth, changes the transmission ratio between the seed metering device and the power source, so that the seed metering device rotates at different speeds, realizes different seed spacing, and then achieves the purpose of adjusting plant spacing, or the adjustable seed metering wheel is adopted, the number of seed containing grooves or the distance of seed containing grooves on the seed metering wheel is changed, so that the number and interval of seeds discharged each time are controlled, and the plant spacing is adjusted. SUMMARY

[0005] In order to solve the problems in the background art, the utility model provides a big field vegetable mulching and sowing integrated equipment with adjustable plant spacing, which can adaptively adjust the plant spacing of sowing on the basis of realizing the processes of ditching, mulching, covering, sowing and the like, and improve the use range of the equipment.

[0006] This application adopts the following technical solution: an integrated field vegetable mulching and sowing equipment with adjustable plant spacing, including a frame 1, a mulching mechanism, a sowing and fertilizing mechanism, a power mechanism, and a control system. The sowing and fertilizing mechanism is located in the middle of the frame 1, including automatic feeding boxes 2 installed on both sides of the frame 1 and a perforating wheel 3 installed in the middle of the frame 1. The perforating wheel 3 is installed in the middle of the frame 1 via a rotating shaft, and its surface is equidistantly arranged with film-breaking cones 4 having quick-release structures. Annular inclined protrusions 5 are installed on the sidewalls of the perforating wheel 3. These protrusions 5 also employ quick-release structures, have the same maximum point thickness, and have a length of several dimensions in the annular direction. Additionally, automatic feeding boxes are installed on both sides of the frame 1. On the inner wall of the box 2 near the punching wheel 3, there is a telescopic contact 6 for controlling the internal automatic feeding mechanism. The outer end of the telescopic contact 6 protrudes from the inner wall of the automatic feeding box 2. The bottom of the telescopic contact 6 is located inside the automatic feeding box 2 and is connected to the valve 8 at the bottom of the hopper in the automatic feeding box 2 through a connecting lever 7. A rotating pin 9 is provided in the middle part of the connecting lever 7. Elastic components 10 are provided at both ends of the connecting lever 7, i.e., the inner side of the telescopic contact 6 and the valve 8, to support them. At the same time, a magnetic suction component 11 is provided at one end of the valve 8 to be combined with the side wall of the hopper. A feeding groove 12 is provided at the bottom of the hopper, extending to a position flush with the bottom of the punching wheel 3. Its outlet is located behind the punching wheel 3.

[0007] The perforating wheel 3 rotates at a constant speed, and the annular sloping protrusion 5 on its side wall contacts the telescopic contact 6 at a specific frequency and gradually squeezes it. The telescopic contact 6 moves into the automatic feeding box 2 and transmits force to the other end through the connecting lever 7. When the transmitted force is greater than the bonding force between the magnetic suction component 11 at the other end of the connecting lever 7 and the bottom of the hopper, the valve 8 opens, and the contents of the hopper fall. Under the action of gravity, they fall through the feeding trough 12 into the pit formed on the soil surface by the membrane breaking cone 4 that punctures the membrane. After the telescopic contact 6 is squeezed by the annular sloping protrusion 5, it resets under the pushing of the elastic component 10. At the same time, the valve 8 closes under the traction of the connecting lever 7, the pushing of the corresponding elastic component 10, and the attraction of the magnetic component 11.

[0008] The top openings of the two automatic feeding boxes 2 installed on both sides of the frame 1 can be adjusted according to whether the contents are crop seeds or fertilizers and the particle size of the contents, so that the volume and outlet size can be adjusted accordingly.

[0009] Compression springs are provided at both ends of the connecting lever 7, that is, on the corresponding sides of the connecting telescopic contact 6 and the valve 8, to support it.

[0010] On the surface of the annular ramp-shaped protrusion 5, an annular track is set on the contact trajectory where the telescopic contact 6 contacts and is relatively displaced, thereby improving the smoothness and accuracy of the movement of the telescopic contact 6 on the annular ramp-shaped protrusion 5.

[0011] The bottom of the frame 1 is provided with several walking wheels 13, which are arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and support the frame 1 to cross over the ridge to be mulched.

[0012] The frame 1 is provided with a ditching and soil-turning mechanism, which includes a one-way side-turning plow 14 arranged symmetrically on the inner side of the end of the frame 1. The front of the one-way side-turning plow 14 is the soil-entering end, and the soil-entering end extends to the inner side of the rear to form a continuous arc-shaped soil-turning groove.

[0013] The mulching mechanism is arranged at the top end of the frame 1 and penetrates through the entire support from front to back; it includes a film unwinding support 15 and an unwinding shaft 16 arranged at the front end of the support, a plurality of guide rollers 17 and flattening rollers 18 arranged at the bottom of the frame 1 below the seeding and fertilizing mechanism, and an edge pressing wheel set 19 arranged in front of the one-way side-turning plow 14.

[0014] A separate driving motor is arranged on the mounting shaft of the perforating wheel 3, and the running speed of the motor is consistent with the speed of the external power.

[0015] The seeding and fertilizing mechanism is used to complete the seeding of vegetable seeds, the mulching mechanism is used to complete the laying of mulching film, and the plant spacing adjustment mechanism can accurately adjust the plant spacing according to different vegetable varieties and planting requirements. The plant spacing adjustment function is realized through the annular slope-shaped protrusions 5 arranged on the side wall of the perforating wheel 3. When a larger plant spacing is required under the condition that the overall running speed of the device is constant, the number of annular slope-shaped protrusions 5 on the perforating wheel 3 is reduced, the number of extrusion times of the protrusions on the stretchable contact 6 is reduced, and thus the number of holes formed in the soil surface by the perforating wheel 3 in a unit stroke and the opening times of the hopper valve 8 are reduced, so as to realize the increase of the plant spacing. When the plant spacing needs to be reduced, the opposite arrangement can be used. Advantages

[0016] ①The device described in the present application can realize multifunctional integrated operation. The device integrates the processes of ditching, mulching, covering, seeding, etc., and can complete multiple operations at one time, avoiding the complicated process of multiple devices, and effectively reducing the cost and labor intensity.

[0017] ②The present application realizes accurate adjustment of plant spacing. Through the annular slope-shaped protrusions 5 on the side wall of the perforating wheel 3 and the stretchable contact 6 of the automatic material falling box 2, the plant spacing can be accurately adjusted according to different vegetable varieties and planting requirements when the overall running speed of the device is constant. When the plant spacing needs to be increased, the number of annular slope-shaped protrusions 5 is reduced; when the plant spacing needs to be reduced, the number of protrusions 5 is increased. The adjustment method is simple and efficient, and the use range of the device is improved.

[0018] ③The puncture wheel 3 and the membrane breaking cone 4 of the application adopt quick release structure, which is convenient to replace; the annular slope-shaped protrusion 5 is also a quick release structure, and has different sizes in the annular direction, which is convenient to adjust the plant spacing; the top of the automatic material falling box 2 is open, and the volume and the outlet size can be adjusted according to the seeds, fertilizers and particle size; the surface of the annular slope-shaped protrusion 5 is provided with an annular track, which improves the smoothness and accuracy of the movement of the telescopic contact 6; the two ends of the connecting lever 7 are supported by compression springs, which ensures the stability of the structure and the reliable operation.

[0019] ④The film covering effect of the device is good, which can make the mulch film closely adhere to the ground like manual film covering, and can also avoid the problem of uneven plant spacing of manual film covering, which is beneficial to the growth of vegetables and improves the yield. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0020] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the adjustable plant spacing field vegetable film covering and seeding integrated device.

[0021] Figure 2 is a front view of the adjustable plant spacing field vegetable film covering and seeding integrated device.

[0022] Figure 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the seeding and fertilizing mechanism.

[0023] Figure 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the automatic material falling mechanism in the automatic material falling box.

[0024] Figure 5 is a working schematic diagram a of the puncture wheel and the automatic material falling mechanism.

[0025] Figure 6 is a working schematic diagram b of the puncture wheel and the automatic material falling mechanism.

[0026] In the figure, the frame 1, the automatic material falling box 2, the puncture wheel 3, the membrane breaking cone 4, the protrusion 5, the telescopic contact 6, the connecting lever 7, the valve 8, the rotating pin 9, the elastic component 10, the magnetic component 11, the material falling groove 12, the walking wheel 13, the one-way side turning plow 14, the unwinding support 15, the unwinding shaft 16, the guide roller 17, the flattening roller 18, and the edge wheel set 19. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0027] The adjustable plant spacing field vegetable film covering and seeding integrated device comprises a frame 1, a film covering mechanism, a seeding and fertilizing mechanism, a power mechanism and a control system.

[0028] The top of the two automatic material falling boxes 2 mounted on both sides of the frame 1 is open, and the volume and the outlet size can be adjusted according to whether the content is crop seeds or fertilizer and the particle size of the content; the two ends of the connecting lever 7, i.e. the corresponding sides connecting the telescopic contact 6 and the valve 8, are respectively provided with compression springs to support them.

[0029] The bottom of the frame 1 is provided with a plurality of walking wheels 13 arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and supporting the frame 1 to cross over the field ridge to be covered with film; the frame 1 is provided with a furrowing and soil turning mechanism including single-sided turning plows 14 symmetrically arranged on the inner sides of the ends of the frame 1, the front of the single-sided turning plows 14 being the soil entering end and extending from the soil entering end to the inner side of the rear to form a continuous arc-shaped soil turning groove.

[0030] The film covering mechanism is arranged at the top end of the frame 1 and extends through the whole support from front to rear; including a film unwinding support 15 and an unwinding shaft 16 arranged at the front end of the support, a plurality of guide rollers 17 and flattening rollers 18 arranged at the bottom of the frame 1 below the seeding and fertilizing mechanism, and an edge pressing wheel set 19 arranged in front of the single-sided turning plows 14.

[0031] The seeding and fertilizing mechanism is arranged at the middle part of the frame 1 and includes automatic material dropping boxes 2 arranged on both sides of the frame 1 and a punching wheel 3 arranged at the middle part of the frame 1; the punching wheel 3 is arranged at the middle part of the frame 1 through a rotating shaft, the surface of the punching wheel 3 is provided with film breaking cones 4 with quick release structure arranged at equal intervals, and an annular slope-shaped protrusion 5 is arranged on the side wall of the punching wheel 3; in addition, the automatic material dropping boxes 2 arranged on both sides of the frame 1 are provided with telescopic contacts 6 for controlling the internal automatic material dropping mechanism on the inner side wall close to the punching wheel 3, the outer end of the telescopic contacts 6 protrudes from the inner side wall of the automatic material dropping box 2, the bottom of the telescopic contacts 6 is arranged in the inside of the automatic material dropping box 2 and is connected to a valve 8 at the bottom of the hopper of the automatic material dropping box 2 through a connecting lever 7, a rotating pin 9 is arranged at the middle part of the connecting lever 7, elastic components 10 are arranged at both ends of the connecting lever 7, i.e. the inner side of the telescopic contacts 6 and the valve 8 to support them, and a magnetic component 11 is arranged at one end of the valve 8 to be combined with the side wall of the hopper; a material dropping groove 12 is arranged at the bottom of the hopper and extends to a position flush with the bottom of the punching wheel 3, and the outlet of the material dropping groove 12 is located at the rear side of the punching wheel 3.

[0032] The utility model will be further explained in detail in combination with specific embodiments. These embodiments are only used to explain the utility model and cannot be understood as the limitation of the utility model. Embodiment 1

[0033] In this embodiment, the plant spacing adjustment of conventional vegetables with large plant spacing is carried out. According to the variety of the vegetables to be planted, the appropriate automatic material dropping box 2 is selected, the volume and the outlet size thereof are adjusted to adapt to the seed particle size; the installation of the film breaking cones 4 on the punching wheel 3 is checked to ensure that the quick release structure thereof is stable; at the same time, it is confirmed that the annular slope-shaped protrusion 5 is firmly installed, the number of the annular slope-shaped protrusions 5 on the punching wheel 3 is reduced according to the requirement of large plant spacing, and three protrusions are reserved.

[0034] The device is installed on the ridge to be mulched by walking wheels 13, and the machine frame 1 is transverse to the ridge. The power mechanism is connected to ensure the normal operation of the device. The furrowing and soil turning mechanism is debugged, and the position and angle of the one-way side-turning plow 14 are checked to ensure that it can normally furrow and turn the soil to form a continuous arc-shaped soil turning groove.

[0035] The device is started, and the power mechanism drives the device to move forward. The furrowing and soil turning mechanism starts to work, and the one-way side-turning plow 14 furrows and turns the soil on the ridge. At the same time, the film unwinding support 15 and the unwinding shaft 16 of the mulching mechanism release the mulch film, which is flattened and laid on the ridge after passing through the guide roller 17 and the flattening roller 18, and the edge of the mulch film is compacted by the edge wheel set 19.

[0036] The punching wheel 3 rotates at a constant speed. Since the number of protrusions 5 is small, the frequency of contact between the protrusions 5 and the telescopic contact 6 is low. When the annular slope-shaped protrusion 5 contacts and presses the telescopic contact 6, the telescopic contact 6 moves towards the inside of the automatic material falling box 2, and the force is transmitted through the connecting lever 7. When the force is greater than the binding force of the magnetic component 11 and the bottom of the hopper, the valve 8 opens, and the seeds fall from the hopper into the film-piercing cone 4 through the material falling slot 12 and into the pit formed on the soil surface.

[0037] When the telescopic contact 6 is released from the extrusion of the protrusion 5, it is reset under the action of the elastic component 10, and the valve 8 is closed, completing one seeding. During the uniform forward movement of the device, the punching wheel 3 rotates, intermittently pierces the film and seeds, and realizes large spacing seeding operation. Example 2

[0038] This example adjusts the spacing of the conventional vegetable planting with small spacing. The appropriate automatic material falling box 2 is selected according to the variety of vegetables, and the volume and outlet size are adjusted. The installation of the film-piercing cone 4 and the annular slope-shaped protrusion 5 is checked. In contrast to Example 1, in order to achieve smaller spacing, the number of annular slope-shaped protrusions 5 on the punching wheel 3 is increased, for example, to 6 protrusions.

[0039] Repeat the steps of installing the device on the ridge in Example 1, connect the power mechanism and debug the furrowing and soil turning mechanism and the mulching mechanism to ensure the normal operation of each mechanism.

[0040] After starting the device, each mechanism starts to work together. When the punching wheel 3 rotates, the number of protrusions 5 increases, and the frequency of contact between the protrusions 5 and the telescopic contact 6 increases. The protrusion 5 extrudes the telescopic contact 6, causing the valve 8 to open frequently, and the seeds fall from the hopper into the pit formed by the film-piercing cone 4 through the material falling slot 12. During the forward movement of the device, the punching wheel 3 continues to work, achieving smaller spacing seeding, and at the same time completing the processes of mulching, covering and so on. Example 3

[0041] The embodiment is carried out for different fertilizers and seeds. According to the characteristics of the fertilizers and seeds, the volume and the outlet size of the automatic material dropping box 2 are adjusted. If the particle size of the fertilizer is large, the outlet size is appropriately increased. If the particle size of the seed is small, the outlet size is ensured to accurately control the falling amount of the seed. The installation of the punching wheel 3, the membrane breaking cone 4 and the annular slope-shaped convex block 5 is checked to ensure their normal work.

[0042] The device is installed on the field ridge, the power mechanism is connected, the ditching and soil turning mechanism and the film covering mechanism are debugged to make them normally run.

[0043] The device is started, and the ditching, soil turning and film covering processes are normally carried out. For the seeding and fertilizing mechanism, when the annular slope-shaped convex block 5 extrudes the telescopic contact 6, the fertilizer and the seed in the automatic material dropping box 2 are dropped into the soil through the dropping slot 12 according to the preset ratio through the valve 8. Since the volume and the outlet size of the automatic material dropping box 2 have been adjusted according to the characteristics of the fertilizer and the seed, the fertilizer and the seed can be uniformly mixed and accurately seeded, and the operation of seeding and fertilizing is completed at one time.

Claims

1. The field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated equipment with adjustable plant spacing, comprising a frame (1), a film mulching mechanism, a seeding and fertilizing mechanism, a power mechanism and a control system, characterized in that, The seeding and fertilizing mechanism is arranged in the middle of the frame (1), comprising automatic material falling boxes (2) arranged on both sides of the frame (1) and a punching wheel (3) arranged in the middle of the frame (1); the punching wheel (3) is arranged in the middle of the frame (1) through a rotating shaft, and film breaking cones (4) with quick release structure are arranged on the wheel surface at equal intervals, an annular slope-shaped protrusion (5) is arranged on the side wall of the punching wheel (3), the protrusion (5) also adopts the quick release structure, has the same maximum thickness, and has a length of several sizes in the annular direction; in addition, the automatic material falling boxes (2) arranged on both sides of the frame (1) are arranged close to the inner side wall of the punching wheel (3), and a telescopic contact (6) for controlling the automatic material falling mechanism in the inside is arranged, the outer end of the telescopic contact (6) protrudes from the inner side wall of the automatic material falling box (2), the bottom of the telescopic contact (6) is arranged in the inside of the automatic material falling box (2), and is connected to a valve (8) at the bottom of the hopper in the automatic material falling box (2) through a connecting lever (7); a rotating pin (9) is arranged at the middle part of the connecting lever (7), elastic components (10) are arranged at both ends of the connecting lever (7), i.e. the inner sides of the telescopic contact (6) and the valve (8) to support the two, and a magnetic component (11) is arranged at one end of the valve (8) to combine with the hopper side wall; a material falling groove (12) is arranged at the bottom of the hopper, extends to a position flush with the bottom of the punching wheel (3), and the outlet is located behind the side of the punching wheel (3).

2. The adjustable spacing field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The top openings of the two automatic material falling boxes (2) arranged on both sides of the frame (1) can be adjusted in volume and outlet size according to whether the contents are crop seeds or fertilizers and the particle size of the contents.

3. The field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated device with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, The corresponding sides of the connecting lever (7), i.e. the connecting telescopic contact (6) and the valve (8), are respectively provided with compression springs to support them.

4. The field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated device with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, An annular track is arranged on the surface of the annular slope-shaped protrusion (5) and in contact with the telescopic contact (6) and the relative displacement contact track, so as to improve the smoothness and accuracy of the movement of the telescopic contact (6) on the annular slope-shaped protrusion (5).

5. The field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated device with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, A plurality of walking wheels (13) are arranged at the bottom of the frame (1), located on both sides of the frame (1) and supporting the frame (1) to cross over the field ridge to be covered with film.

6. The field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated device with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, An opening and turning mechanism is arranged on the frame (1), comprising one-way side turning plows (14) arranged symmetrically on the inner sides of the ends of the frame (1), the front of the one-way side turning plow (14) is the earth inlet end, and the earth inlet end extends to the inner side of the rear to form a continuous arc-shaped earth turning groove.

7. The adjustable spacing of field vegetables film mulching and seeding integrated equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that, The film covering mechanism is arranged at the top end of the frame (1) and penetrates through the whole support from front to back; comprising a film unwinding support (15) and an unwinding shaft (16) arranged at the front end of the support, a plurality of guide rollers (17) and flattening rollers (18) arranged at the bottom of the frame (1) below the seeding and fertilizing mechanism, and an edge pressing wheel group (19) arranged in front of the one-way side turning plow (14).

8. The field vegetable film mulching and seeding integrated device with adjustable plant spacing according to claim 1, characterized in that, An independent driving motor is arranged on the mounting shaft of the punching wheel (3), and the running speed is consistent with the speed of the external power.

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