Dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction

Abstract

The utility model discloses a dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction. The dust and harmful gas treatment device comprises a gas inlet filtering device, a harmful gas treatment device and a gas circulating device which are sequentially connected through a pipeline, the air inlet filtering device comprises a multi-stage filtering net, a filtering inclined pipeline and an exhaust fan, and the multi-stage filtering net comprises an activated carbon filtering net and an HEPA filtering net; a plurality of absorption liquid layers are arranged in a container of the harmful gas treatment device, and the different absorption liquid layers are separated through partition plates; the gas circulating device comprises pipelines communicated with all the absorption liquid layers, a one-way valve is arranged at the position of the pipeline above the first absorption liquid layer, and an air quality detection device and a one-way valve with a signal receiver are arranged at the position of the pipeline above the last absorption liquid layer. The dust and harmful gas treatment device improves the treatment efficiency of dust and harmful gas, is high in treatment efficiency, good in treatment effect, environment-friendly and convenient for subsequent tunnel construction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of dust and harmful gas treatment in blasting construction, and in particular to a device for treating dust and harmful gas in tunnel blasting construction. Background Technology

[0002] Due to my country's complex and diverse topography, with mountainous areas covering two-thirds of the country's total area and plains accounting for only slightly more than 10%, tunnel excavation is indispensable in many transportation engineering projects. And during tunnel excavation, tunnel blasting is essential. During tunnel blasting, harmful gases such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen oxides are easily generated. These gases are highly toxic to human health and hinder the progress of the project.

[0003] During blasting operations, the combustion and explosion of explosives release large amounts of harmful gases, such as carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxides. Research data indicates that the concentration of harmful gases inside the tunnel after blasting may exceed national safety standards by more than five times. If these harmful gases are not removed promptly, construction workers exposed to the polluted environment for extended periods will face serious health risks, with a significant increase in the incidence of acute poisoning or chronic diseases. Dust dispersion is also a significant concern. High concentrations of dust not only threaten the respiratory health of construction workers but may also cause irreversible damage to high-precision instruments. Long-term accumulation may also pose potential pollution risks to the surrounding ecological environment and the health of residents.

[0004] Currently, the commonly used dust control measures for tunnel construction blasting in China include mechanical ventilation and traditional dust collectors. However, mechanical ventilation is prone to causing dust to spread within long tunnels, hindering rapid and concentrated removal and resulting in low processing efficiency. Traditional tunnel dust collection devices are generally placed above the tunnel boring machine, which, due to space constraints, results in small size, low air volume, and low dust collection efficiency, affecting subsequent operations.

[0005] Therefore, it is necessary to develop new types of dust and harmful gas treatment devices for tunnel blasting construction to improve treatment efficiency. Utility Model Content

[0006] Purpose of the utility model: In view of the shortcomings and defects of the existing technology, this utility model provides a dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction, which improves the treatment efficiency of dust and harmful gases, has high treatment efficiency, good treatment effect, is green and environmentally friendly, and facilitates subsequent tunnel construction.

[0007] Technical Solution: This utility model discloses a dust and hazardous gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction, characterized in that it includes an air intake filtration device, a hazardous gas treatment device, and a gas circulation device connected sequentially by pipelines; the air intake filtration device includes multi-stage filter screens, inclined filter pipes, and an exhaust fan, and the multi-stage filter screens include activated carbon filter screens and HEPA filter screens; the container of the hazardous gas treatment device has several absorbent liquid layers inside, and different absorbent liquid layers are separated by partitions; the gas circulation device includes pipes communicating with each absorbent liquid layer, a one-way valve is installed on the pipe above the first absorbent liquid layer, and an air quality detection device and a one-way valve with a signal receiver are installed on the pipe above the last absorbent liquid layer.

[0008] The activated carbon filter and the HEPA filter are respectively provided with smooth inner surface inclined filter pipes below them, and the inclined direction of the filter pipes is opposite to the direction of the exhaust fan.

[0009] The exhaust fan is connected to the activated carbon filter and the HEPA filter via pipes.

[0010] The inner wall of the harmful gas treatment device is provided with a corrosion-resistant material layer, and different absorbent liquid layers are connected by pipes.

[0011] The harmful gas treatment device is provided with a first absorbent liquid layer and a second absorbent liquid layer. The first absorbent liquid layer is a sodium hydroxide strong alkaline solution layer, and the second absorbent liquid layer is a hydrogen peroxide solution layer. An iron block is provided at the end of the pipe that enters the second absorbent liquid layer.

[0012] The iron block has dimensions of 5cm*5cm*5cm.

[0013] The air quality detection device includes a display screen, a battery compartment, a power indicator light, a switch control button, and a fault indicator light.

[0014] The device body, which consists of an air intake filter, a harmful gas treatment device, and a gas circulation device, is equipped with several omnidirectional wheels at its bottom.

[0015] The device is installed inside a long tunnel.

[0016] Beneficial Effects: Compared with the prior art, this utility model has the following significant advantages: This utility model effectively treats dust and harmful gases through an air intake filtration device and a harmful gas treatment device; dust and harmful gases are introduced into the ventilation duct by the exhaust fan, and larger dust particles are filtered out by the air intake filtration device, while harmful gases are introduced into the treatment device, which contains multi-layer absorbent liquid for multi-stage treatment of harmful gases in the inhaled air. The gases are then discharged after passing air quality testing. This device has a good treatment effect on dust generated by blasting and can effectively remove harmful gases, improving air quality in long tunnels, reducing the harm of gases to the human body, ensuring the safety of construction workers, and also providing good auxiliary effects for ventilation and air exchange within the tunnel. Attached Figure Description

[0017] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of this utility model;

[0018] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the air quality detection device of this utility model;

[0019] In the diagram, 1 is an activated carbon filter; 2 is a slanted filter pipe; 3 is a HEPA filter; 4 is an exhaust fan; 5 is a caster wheel; 6 is the first absorbent layer; 7 is the second absorbent layer; 8 is an air quality detection device; 81 is a display screen; 82 is the battery compartment; 83 is a power indicator light; 84 is a switch control button; 85 is a fault indicator light; 91 is a one-way valve with a signal receiver; 92 is a one-way valve; and 10 is an iron block. Detailed Implementation

[0020] The technical solution of this utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0021] This utility model discloses a dust and hazardous gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction, comprising an air intake filtration device, a hazardous gas treatment device, and a gas circulation device connected sequentially by pipelines. The air intake filtration device includes a multi-stage filter screen, a filter inclined pipe 2, and an exhaust fan 4. The multi-stage filter screen includes an activated carbon filter screen 1 and a HEPA filter screen 3. The container of the hazardous gas treatment device has several absorbent liquid layers inside, and the different absorbent liquid layers are separated by partitions. The gas circulation device includes pipes communicating with each absorbent liquid layer. A one-way valve 92 is installed on the pipe above the first absorbent liquid layer 6, and an air quality detection device 8 and a one-way valve 91 with a signal receiver are installed on the pipe above the last absorbent liquid layer.

[0022] The activated carbon filter 1 and HEPA filter 3 of this invention are respectively provided with smooth inner surface inclined filter pipes 2 below them. The inclination direction of the inclined filter pipes 2 is opposite to the direction of the exhaust fan 4. The exhaust fan 4 is connected to the activated carbon filter 1 and HEPA filter 3 through pipes. The inner wall of the harmful gas treatment device is provided with a corrosion-resistant material layer, and the different absorbent liquid layers are connected by pipes. The harmful gas treatment device has a first absorbent liquid layer 6 and a second absorbent liquid layer 7. The first absorbent liquid layer 6 is a sodium hydroxide strong alkaline solution layer, and the second absorbent liquid layer 7 is a hydrogen peroxide solution layer; an iron block 10 is provided at the end of the pipe entering the second absorbent liquid layer 7. The dimensions of the iron block 10 are 5cm*5cm*5cm.

[0023] The air quality detection device 8 of this utility model is equipped with a display screen 81, a battery compartment 82, a power indicator light 83, a switch control button 84, and a fault indicator light 85. The device body, consisting of an air intake filter, a harmful gas treatment device, and a gas circulation device, has several casters 5 at its bottom. The device body is installed inside a long tunnel.

[0024] During operation, harmful gases and dust particles generated by the explosion are drawn into the ventilation duct by a fan and filtered through a multi-stage filter, trapping larger dust particles and carbon powder. The treated material is then discharged through an inclined pipe below the filter. First, harmful gases enter the absorbent liquid through the ventilation duct. After reacting in the first layer of absorbent liquid, the remaining harmful gases continue to react in the next layer. An air quality detection device is installed at the end of the duct. If the air quality is deemed acceptable, the system sends a signal to open a one-way valve, allowing the acceptable gas to be discharged. If the gas is deemed unacceptable, it accumulates in the container, creating a pressure difference that opens the one-way valve, causing the gas to re-enter the first layer of absorbent liquid and undergo multiple reactions.

[0025] The air intake filtration device includes a filter screen, a fan, and ventilation ducts. The filter screen consists of multiple layers, and the fan is located behind the filter screen. Below the multiple layers of filter screens, an inclined duct facilitates the fall of dust particles. The inner layer of the absorbent liquid device is equipped with a corrosion-resistant protective device, specifically made of titanium alloy. A simple gas circulation device is installed behind the absorbent liquid to allow unsuitable gases to enter the absorbent liquid and continue the reaction.

[0026] Example:

[0027] The dust and harmful gas treatment device generated by the tunnel explosion in this embodiment includes an air intake filtration device, a harmful gas treatment device, and a gas circulation device. The air intake filtration device includes an activated carbon filter 1, an HPEA filter 3, and a filter inclined pipe 2 for dust particles to fall off. The exhaust fan 4 introduces the harmful gas into the first absorbent liquid layer 6. Some of the harmful gas is absorbed in the absorbent liquid, and the remaining gas moves to the top of the absorbent liquid. The gas accumulation will cause the gas to enter the second absorbent liquid layer 7 along the pipe.

[0028] In this embodiment, the first absorbent layer 6 is set as a strong alkaline solution of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), and the second absorbent layer 7 is set as a solution of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and a catalyst iron. The gases with the highest content among the harmful gases are carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO, NO2), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and ammonia (NH3). A small portion of the carbon monoxide is adsorbed by the activated carbon filter and enters the second absorbent layer 7. Under the action of the catalyst iron, it will be accelerated to react into carbon dioxide, and the nitrogen oxides will be reacted into nitrates.

[0029] The chemical reaction equation in the first absorbent layer 6 is as follows:

[0030] 2NO2+2NaOH→NaNO3+NaNO2+H2O;

[0031] NO + NO2 + 2NaOH → 2NaNO2 + H2O;

[0032] SO2 + 2NaOH → Na2SO3 + H2O;

[0033] The chemical reaction equation in the second absorbent layer 7 is as follows:

[0034] Fe 2+ +H₂O₂→Fe 3+ +·OH+OH - ;

[0035] CO + 2·OH → CO2 + H2O;

[0036] The ventilation duct extends into the lower end of the absorption liquid at one end inside the treatment chamber, facilitating the passage of harmful gases through the filter into the absorption liquid for complete reaction.

[0037] In this embodiment, after the gas reacts, it accumulates above the second absorbent liquid layer 7. An air quality detection device 8 is installed at the pipeline. The air quality detection device 8 dynamically monitors the concentration of harmful gases in real time and transmits a signal to a one-way valve 91 with a signal receiver. After the reaction of multiple layers of absorbent liquid, if the concentration of harmful gases meets the standard as monitored by the air quality detection device, the air quality detection device transmits a signal to the one-way valve 91 with a signal receiver, and the one-way valve 91 with a signal receiver opens, allowing qualified gas to be discharged. If the concentration of harmful gases does not meet the standard as monitored by the air quality detection device after the reaction of multiple layers of absorbent liquid, the one-way valve 91 with a signal receiver remains closed, and gas accumulates above the second absorbent liquid layer 7 and in the pipeline, forming a pressure difference. When a sufficient pressure difference is accumulated, the one-way valve 92 is forced to open, and the gas enters the first absorbent liquid layer 6 along the pipeline to continue the reaction, repeating the above steps.

[0038] This embodiment is equipped with casters 5, installed at the bottom of the overall device, which facilitates the movement of personnel to the location where the device needs to treat harmful gases and dust, thereby shortening the time and speeding up the processing progress. The overall dimensions of the device are 2m*1m*1m.

[0039] This invention effectively treats dust and harmful gases through an air intake filtration device and a harmful gas treatment device. Dust and harmful gases are drawn into the ventilation duct by an exhaust fan. The air intake filtration device filters out larger dust particles, while the harmful gases are introduced into the treatment device, which contains multiple layers of absorbent liquid. This multi-stage treatment process targets the harmful gases in the inhaled air, and the treated air is discharged only after passing air quality testing. This device is highly effective at treating dust generated by blasting and effectively removes harmful gases, improving air quality in long tunnels, reducing the harm of gases to human health, protecting the lives of construction workers, and providing good auxiliary ventilation within the tunnel.

Claims

1. A dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction, characterized by: The device comprises a gas inlet filtering device, a harmful gas treatment device and a gas circulation device connected in sequence through pipelines; the gas inlet filtering device comprises multi-stage filtering screens, filtering inclined pipelines (2) and an air extractor (4), the multi-stage filtering screens comprise activated carbon filtering screens (1) and HEPA filtering screens (3); the harmful gas treatment device is internally provided with a plurality of absorption liquid layers, the different absorption liquid layers are separated by partitions; the gas circulation device comprises pipelines communicated with the absorption liquid layers, a one-way valve (92) is arranged at the pipeline above the first absorption liquid layer (6), an air quality detection device (8) and a one-way valve (91) with a signal receiver are arranged at the pipeline above the last absorption liquid layer.

2. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The activated carbon filtering screens (1) and the HEPA filtering screens (3) are respectively provided below with filtering inclined pipelines (2) with smooth inner surfaces, the inclined direction of the filtering inclined pipelines (2) is opposite to the direction of the air extractor (4).

3. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 2, characterized in that: The air extractor (4) is connected with the activated carbon filtering screens (1) and the HEPA filtering screens (3) through pipelines.

4. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner wall of the harmful gas treatment device is provided with a layer of anticorrosive material, and the different absorption liquid layers are connected through pipelines.

5. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 4, characterized in that: The harmful gas treatment device is provided with a first absorption liquid layer (6) and a second absorption liquid layer (7), the first absorption liquid layer (6) is a sodium hydroxide strong alkali solution layer, and the second absorption liquid layer (7) is a hydrogen peroxide solution layer; the end of the pipeline entering the second absorption liquid layer (7) is provided with an iron block (10).

6. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 5, characterized in that: The size of the iron block (10) is 5cm*5cm*5cm.

7. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The air quality detection device (8) is provided with a display screen (81), a battery placing portion (82), a power display lamp (83), a switch control button (84) and a fault display lamp (85).

8. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 1, characterized in that: The device body bottom of the device composed of the gas inlet filtering device, the harmful gas treatment device and the gas circulation device is provided with a plurality of loading universal wheels (5).

9. The dust and harmful gas treatment device for tunnel blasting construction according to claim 8, characterized in that: The device body is arranged in a long and large tunnel.

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