Self-adaptive floating clamp

Abstract

The utility model discloses a self-adaptive floating clamp, which belongs to the technical field of machining clamping equipment and comprises three clamping mechanisms and three positioning mechanisms which are alternately and uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of a hydraulic chuck. The clamping mechanism is composed of an inner block, a pair of clamping blocks and a base, the clamping blocks are rotationally connected to the upper portion and the lower portion of the inner block through a vertical rotating shaft, the inner block is rotationally connected with an upper assembling section of the base through a horizontal rotating shaft, and a lower supporting section of the base is detachably connected with a hydraulic chuck driving T-shaped block; the positioning mechanism abuts against the bottom edge of the workpiece through an upper supporting column to achieve primary positioning. The inner arc surface of the clamping block is provided with a top, a first elastic reset assembly is arranged between the clamping block and the inner block, and a second elastic reset assembly is arranged between the inner block and the base. Self-adaptive floating clamping is achieved through the two-way rotating shaft, clamping stress is dispersed, cutting overturning torque is counteracted, workpieces of different specifications and various hydraulic chucks are adapted, clamping precision is high, stability is high, and machining efficiency and product consistency can be remarkably improved.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model belongs to the technical field of machining clamping equipment, and more specifically, relates to an adaptive floating fixture, which is particularly suitable for precise clamping of large-diameter, thin-walled or irregularly shaped rotating workpieces when machining on a vertical CNC lathe. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of machining, the clamping quality of rotating workpieces (especially large-diameter, thin-walled, or irregularly shaped workpieces) directly determines machining accuracy and efficiency. Traditional vertical lathe fixtures mostly adopt three-point or six-point rigid positioning structures, which have the following significant drawbacks: First, rigid positioning easily leads to local stress concentration on the workpiece, which can easily cause clamping deformation for thin-walled rotating workpieces, failing to meet high-precision machining requirements; Second, they lack adaptive adjustment capabilities, making it difficult to adapt to irregularly shaped or rounded workpiece surfaces, requiring repeated alignment during clamping, resulting in cumbersome and inefficient operation; Third, the compatibility between the fixture and the hydraulic chuck is poor, usually only compatible with specific chuck models, limiting its application range; Fourth, some fixtures lack effective elastic reset structures, which can easily lead to accumulated clamping errors due to poor component reset during batch processing, affecting product consistency.

[0003] To address the aforementioned issues, there is an urgent need to develop a clamping device that features adaptive floating capabilities, precise positioning, strong compatibility, and the ability to prevent workpiece deformation, in order to meet the demands of modern machining for efficient and high-precision clamping. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this invention is to provide an adaptive floating fixture that enables stable and precise clamping of large-diameter, thin-walled, or irregularly shaped rotating workpieces. It also features wide adaptability, convenient operation, and good consistency in batch processing, overcoming many shortcomings of traditional fixtures.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides an adaptive floating fixture, comprising three clamping mechanisms and three positioning mechanisms. The three clamping mechanisms are evenly installed around the circumference of a hydraulic chuck, and the radial drive function of the hydraulic chuck drives the three clamping mechanisms to synchronously retract inward to clamp the rotating workpiece. The three positioning mechanisms are evenly installed around the circumference of the hydraulic chuck and are alternately distributed with the three clamping mechanisms. The three positioning mechanisms simultaneously abut against the bottom edge of the rotating workpiece for initial positioning.

[0006] The clamping mechanism includes:

[0007] Inner block;

[0008] A pair of clamping blocks, each clamping block being an arc-shaped plate, with a pair of top heads spaced apart on the inner arc surface of each clamping block. The top heads are used to contact the rotating workpiece. The pair of clamping blocks are rotatably connected to the upper and lower parts of the inner block respectively via a vertical rotating shaft.

[0009] The outer base includes an integrally formed or fixedly connected upper assembly section and a lower support section. The inner block is rotatably connected to the upper assembly section via a horizontal rotating shaft. The lower support section is detachably connected to the drive T-block of the hydraulic chuck.

[0010] Optionally, the positioning mechanism includes an integrally formed or fixedly connected upper support column and a lower connecting section. The top end of the upper support column is used to contact the bottom edge of the rotating workpiece, and the lower connecting section is used to be detachably connected to the fixed T-block of the hydraulic chuck.

[0011] Optionally, the inner block has an E-shaped cross-section, including an integrally formed or mutually fixedly connected main body, an upper boss, a middle boss, and a lower boss. The main body is vertically arranged, while the upper boss, the middle boss, and the lower boss are horizontally arranged. An upper mounting groove is formed between the upper boss and the middle boss, and a lower mounting groove is formed between the middle boss and the lower boss. A pair of clamping blocks are respectively installed in the upper mounting groove and the lower mounting groove. The vertical rotating shaft passes through the upper boss, the clamping block in the upper mounting groove, the middle boss, the clamping block in the lower mounting groove, and the lower boss sequentially from top to bottom. The vertical rotating shaft has a transition fit with the upper boss, the middle boss, and the lower boss, and a clearance fit with the clamping blocks.

[0012] Optionally, the upper assembly section includes a vertical support plate, on which a pair of lugs are symmetrically arranged. The lugs extend in a direction perpendicular to the vertical support plate. The inner block is disposed between the pair of lugs. The horizontal rotating shaft passes horizontally through the pair of lugs and the inner block. The axis of the horizontal rotating shaft is located between the two planes where the pair of clamping blocks are located. There are clearance notches above and below the lugs, which are used to avoid the clamping blocks.

[0013] Optionally, the upper end of the vertical support plate is provided with a dust cover, which is horizontally positioned and covers the area above the upper assembly section and the inner block.

[0014] Optionally, the clamping block is provided with a pair of variable diameter through holes, which extend from the outer arc surface of the clamping block to the inner arc surface. Each variable diameter through hole includes a coarse diameter portion and a fine diameter portion that are interconnected. A step is formed at the connection between the coarse diameter portion and the fine diameter portion. The fine diameter portion is located near the outer arc surface of the clamping block, and the coarse diameter portion is located near the inner arc surface of the clamping block. One end of the mandrel is located inside the coarse diameter portion, and the other end of the mandrel extends outside the coarse diameter portion. The size of the coarse diameter portion is adapted to the size of the mandrel. One end of the mandrel is provided with an internal thread. The bolt shank passes through the fine diameter portion and is threadedly connected to one end of the mandrel. The size of the fine diameter portion is adapted to the size of the bolt shank.

[0015] Optionally, a pair of first elastic reset components are provided between each clamping block and the inner block. The pair of first elastic reset components are spaced apart on both sides of the vertical rotating shaft in the horizontal direction. One end of the first elastic reset component is connected to the outer arc surface of the clamping block, and the other end of the first elastic reset component is connected to the inner block, for providing a reset force after the clamping block rotates around the vertical rotating shaft.

[0016] Optionally, a pair of second elastic reset components are provided between the inner block and the outer base. The pair of second elastic reset components are arranged vertically at intervals above and below the vertical rotating shaft. One end of the second elastic reset component is connected to the inner block, and the other end of the second elastic reset component is connected to the outer base, for providing a reset force after the inner block rotates around the horizontal rotating shaft.

[0017] Optionally, a first clearance space is provided between the inner surface of the main body and the outer arc surface of the clamping block, the first clearance space being used to make clearance when the clamping block rotates around the vertical axis.

[0018] Optionally, a second clearance space is provided between the outer surface of the main body and the inner surface of the vertical support plate. The second clearance space is used to make way for the inner block when it rotates around the horizontal axis.

[0019] The beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: It provides an adaptive floating fixture, which includes three clamping mechanisms and three positioning mechanisms, evenly and alternately distributed along the circumference of the hydraulic chuck. The clamping mechanism consists of an inner block, a pair of clamping blocks, and a base. The clamping blocks are rotatably connected to the upper and lower parts of the inner block via a vertical rotating shaft. The inner arc surface of the clamping block is provided with a top head. The inner block is rotatably connected to the upper assembly section of the base via a horizontal rotating shaft. The lower support section of the base is detachably connected to the hydraulic chuck drive T-block. The positioning mechanism achieves initial positioning by abutting the bottom edge of the workpiece with the upper support column. The bidirectional adaptive floating design ensures that the top head fits evenly against the workpiece surface, dispersing clamping stress and effectively solving the problem of deformation when clamping thin-walled and irregularly shaped workpieces. At the same time, it counteracts the cutting overturning torque, ensuring the stability of the machining process, and the machining accuracy is significantly better than that of traditional rigid fixtures.

[0020] Other features and advantages of this invention will be described in detail in the following detailed description section. Attached Figure Description

[0021] The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the accompanying drawings, in which like reference numerals generally represent like parts.

[0022] Figure 1 A schematic structural diagram of an adaptive floating fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0023] Figure 2 A side cross-sectional schematic diagram of an adaptive floating fixture according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0024] Figure 3 It shows Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the AA section.

[0025] Figure 4 A schematic structural diagram of an inner block according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0026] Figure 5 A schematic structural diagram of an outer base according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0027] Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional structural schematic diagram of a clamping mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention is shown.

[0028] Explanation of reference numerals in the attached figures:

[0029] 1. Clamping mechanism;

[0030] 11. Inner block; 111. Main body; 112. Upper boss; 113. Middle boss; 114. Lower boss;

[0031] 12. Clamping block; 121. Bolt; 122. Washer;

[0032] 13. Top of head;

[0033] 14. Outer base; 141. Upper assembly section; 142. Vertical support plate; 143. Lug; 144. Lower support section; 145. First through hole;

[0034] 15. Vertical pivot;

[0035] 16. Horizontal pivot;

[0036] 17. Dust cover;

[0037] 18. First elastic reset assembly; 181. First outer sleeve; 182. First inner sleeve; 183. First spring;

[0038] 19. Second elastic reset assembly; 191. Second outer sleeve; 192. Second inner sleeve; 193. Second spring;

[0039] 2. Positioning mechanism; 21. Upper support column; 22. Lower connecting section;

[0040] 3. Hydraulic chuck; 31. Drive T-block; 32. Fixed T-block;

[0041] 4. Rotating workpiece. Detailed Implementation

[0042] Preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in more detail. While preferred embodiments of the present invention are described below, it should be understood that the present invention can be implemented in various forms and should not be limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to make the present invention more thorough and complete, and to fully convey the scope of the present invention to those skilled in the art.

[0043] like Figures 1-6 As shown, this embodiment provides an adaptive floating fixture, including three clamping mechanisms 1 and three positioning mechanisms 2. The three clamping mechanisms 1 are evenly installed around the circumference of the hydraulic chuck 3. The radial drive function of the hydraulic chuck 3 drives the three clamping mechanisms 1 to synchronously retract inward to clamp the rotating workpiece 4. The three positioning mechanisms 2 are evenly installed around the circumference of the hydraulic chuck 3 and are alternately distributed with the three clamping mechanisms 1. The three positioning mechanisms 2 simultaneously abut against the bottom edge of the rotating workpiece 4 for initial positioning.

[0044] Clamping mechanism 1 includes:

[0045] Inner block 11;

[0046] A pair of clamping blocks 12, each clamping block 12 is an arc-shaped plate. A pair of top heads 13 are spaced apart on the inner arc surface of the clamping block 12. The top heads 13 are used to contact the rotating workpiece 4. The pair of clamping blocks 12 are rotatably connected to the upper and lower parts of the inner block 11 respectively through a vertical rotating shaft 15.

[0047] The outer base 14 includes an integrally formed or fixedly connected upper assembly section 141 and a lower support section 144. The inner block 11 is rotatably connected to the upper assembly section 141 via a horizontal rotating shaft 16. The lower support section 144 is detachably connected to the drive T-block 31 of the hydraulic chuck 3.

[0048] In this embodiment, the lower support section 144 is provided with three first through holes 145, and the drive T-block 31 of the hydraulic chuck 3 is threadedly connected through the first through holes 145 by an internal hex bolt 121.

[0049] Specifically, the positioning mechanism first achieves initial centering of the rotating workpiece 4, and then the clamping mechanism 1 simultaneously retracts inward to clamp it. This dual cooperation ensures the accuracy of clamping and positioning while avoiding workpiece offset during clamping, solving the problems of fuzzy positioning and clamping offset in traditional fixtures. The clamping mechanism 1 constructs a bidirectional rotation structure through a vertical rotating shaft 15 and a horizontal rotating shaft 16: the clamping block 12 can rotate independently around the vertical rotating shaft 15, and the inner block 11 can rotate as a whole around the horizontal rotating shaft 16. This can adapt to the irregular surface of large-diameter, thin-walled, or irregularly shaped rotating workpieces 4, effectively dispersing clamping stress and preventing deformation of thin-walled workpieces; at the same time, it can offset the overturning torque during the cutting process, ensuring the stability of the machining process. Compared with traditional rigid positioning fixtures, it significantly improves the machining accuracy of complex workpieces. The clamping mechanism 1 and the driving T-block 31 of the hydraulic chuck 3 are detachably connected, adapting to different brands and models of hydraulic chucks 3, which has strong versatility, reduces equipment adaptation costs, and expands the application range of the fixture.

[0050] Optionally, the positioning mechanism includes an integrally formed or fixedly connected upper support column 21 and a lower connecting section 22. The top of the upper support column 21 is used to contact the bottom edge of the rotating workpiece 4, and the lower connecting section 22 is used to be detachably connected to the fixed T-block 32 of the hydraulic chuck 3.

[0051] In this embodiment, the lower connecting section 22 is provided with three second through holes, and can be detachably connected to the fixing T-block 32 of the hydraulic chuck 3 by passing through the second through holes with hexagonal socket bolts 121.

[0052] Specifically, the upper support column 21 of the positioning mechanism abuts against the bottom edge of the workpiece, forming a three-point preliminary positioning, quickly determining the reference position of the workpiece, providing a prerequisite for the precise clamping of the subsequent clamping mechanism 1, reducing clamping and alignment time, and improving processing efficiency. The lower connecting section 22 is detachably connected to the fixed T-block 32 of the hydraulic chuck 3, facilitating the installation, disassembly, and maintenance of the positioning mechanism; at the same time, by replacing the upper support column 21 with different heights or adjusting the installation position, it can adapt to rotating workpieces 4 of different sizes and heights, further enhancing the versatility of the fixture.

[0053] Optionally, such as Figure 4 As shown, the inner block 11 has an E-shaped cross-section and includes an integrally formed or mutually fixedly connected main body base 111, an upper boss 112, a middle boss 113, and a lower boss 114. The main body base 111 is vertically arranged, while the upper boss 112, middle boss 113, and lower boss 114 are horizontally arranged. An upper mounting groove is formed between the upper boss 112 and the middle boss 113, and a lower mounting groove is formed between the middle boss 113 and the lower boss 114. The mounting slots are fitted with a pair of clamping blocks 12, which are respectively installed in the upper mounting slot and the lower mounting slot. The vertical rotating shaft 15 passes through the upper boss 112, the clamping block 12 in the upper mounting slot, the middle boss 113, the clamping block 12 in the lower mounting slot, and the lower boss 114 from top to bottom. The vertical rotating shaft 15 is in transition fit with the upper boss 112, the middle boss 113, and the lower boss 114, and the vertical rotating shaft 15 is in clearance fit with the clamping block 12.

[0054] Specifically, the inner block 11 adopts an E-shaped cross-section design, forming independent upper and lower mounting grooves through the upper boss 112, middle boss 113, and lower boss 114. This provides a stable mounting space for the pair of clamping blocks 12, ensuring the assembly accuracy of the clamping blocks 12, while also enhancing the structural rigidity of the inner block 11 and preventing deformation of the inner block 11 during clamping, which would affect the clamping stability. The transition fit between the vertical rotating shaft 15 and each boss, and the clearance fit with the clamping blocks 12, ensure the firmness of the vertical rotating shaft 15 installation and provide a guarantee for the flexible rotation of the clamping blocks 12, avoiding jamming and ensuring the reliable realization of the adaptive floating function. At the same time, the through-type mounting structure of the vertical rotating shaft 15 improves the overall structural stability of the clamping mechanism 1 and extends the service life of the fixture.

[0055] Optionally, such as Figure 5As shown, the upper assembly section 141 includes a vertical support plate 142. A pair of lugs 143 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical support plate 142. The lugs 143 extend in a direction perpendicular to the vertical support plate 142. An inner block 11 is arranged between the pair of lugs 143. A horizontal rotating shaft 16 passes horizontally through the pair of lugs 143 and the inner block 11. The axis of the horizontal rotating shaft 16 is located between the two planes where the pair of clamping blocks 12 are located. There are clearance notches above and below the lugs 143. The clearance notches are used to avoid the clamping blocks 12.

[0056] Specifically, the vertical support plate 142 and symmetrical lugs 143 of the upper assembly section 141 provide lateral limiting supports for the inner block 11, ensuring the coaxiality of the inner block 11 when rotating around the horizontal axis 16 and avoiding a decrease in clamping accuracy due to offset. The axis of the horizontal axis 16 is located between the planes of the pair of clamping blocks 12, so that the rotational torque of the inner block 11 is evenly transmitted to the upper and lower clamping blocks 12, ensuring the synchronicity and uniformity of the contact between the clamping blocks 12 and the workpiece. The clearance notches provided on the upper and lower parts of the lugs 143 provide sufficient space for the clamping blocks 12 to rotate around the vertical axis 15, avoiding interference between the lugs 143 and the clamping blocks 12, ensuring that the rotation angle of the clamping blocks 12 meets the requirements of adaptive workpiece surface, and further optimizing the adaptive floating effect.

[0057] Optionally, a dust cover 17 is provided at the upper end of the vertical support plate 142. The dust cover 17 is horizontally positioned and covers the area above the upper assembly section 141 and the inner block 11.

[0058] Specifically, the dust cover 17 covers the upper assembly section 141 and the area above the inner block 11, effectively preventing impurities such as iron filings and coolant generated during processing from entering the mating gap between the inner block 11 and the upper assembly section 141. This avoids problems such as rotational jamming and component wear caused by impurities, extending the service life of the fixture and reducing maintenance costs. The dust cover 17 does not affect the normal movement function of the fixture, maintaining its flexibility and clamping accuracy while ensuring protective effects.

[0059] Optionally, such as Figure 2 As shown, the clamping block 12 is provided with a pair of variable diameter through holes. The variable diameter through holes extend from the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12 to the inner arc surface. The variable diameter through holes include a coarse diameter part and a fine diameter part that are connected to each other. A step is formed at the connection between the coarse diameter part and the fine diameter part. The fine diameter part is located near the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12, and the coarse diameter part is located near the inner arc surface of the clamping block 12. One end of the top head 13 is located inside the coarse diameter part, and the other end of the top head 13 extends outside the coarse diameter part. The size of the coarse diameter part is adapted to the size of the top head 13. One end of the top head 13 is provided with an internal thread. The screw of the bolt 121 passes through the fine diameter part and is threaded to one end of the top head 13. The size of the fine diameter part is adapted to the size of the screw.

[0060] In this embodiment, a gasket 122 is provided between one end of the top head 13 and the step to buffer the pressure between the top head 13 and the bolt 121 and prevent the top head 13 from deforming; the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12 is provided with a countersunk hole, which is used to hide the bolt head of the bolt 121.

[0061] Specifically, the coarse diameter portion of the variable-diameter through hole is adapted to the size of the mandrel 13, while the fine diameter portion is adapted to the size of the bolt 121, achieving precise installation and fixation of the mandrel 13. This prevents the mandrel 13 from loosening or shifting during clamping, ensuring the stability of the contact between the mandrel 13 and the workpiece. The mandrel 13 is detachably connected to the clamping block 12 via the bolt 121, facilitating the replacement of mandrels 13 with different materials (such as polyurethane, cemented carbide) or shapes according to the workpiece material and surface precision requirements. This avoids damage to the workpiece surface (soft mandrel 13) while meeting high-strength clamping requirements (hard mandrel 13). Furthermore, the detachable design of the mandrel 13 facilitates later maintenance and replacement, enhancing the practicality and flexibility of the fixture.

[0062] Optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, a pair of first elastic reset components 18 are provided between each clamping block 12 and the inner block 11. The pair of first elastic reset components 18 are arranged horizontally on both sides of the vertical rotating shaft 15. One end of the first elastic reset component 18 is connected to the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12, and the other end of the first elastic reset component 18 is connected to the inner block 11, which is used to provide the reset force after the clamping block 12 rotates around the vertical rotating shaft 15.

[0063] In this embodiment, the main body 111 of the upper assembly section 141 is provided with four first mounting through holes, each with an internal thread. The first outer sleeve 181 of the first elastic reset assembly 18 is provided with an external thread. The first outer sleeve 181 is threaded into the first mounting through hole. One end of the first outer sleeve 181 is closed, and the other end is open. The open end of the first outer sleeve 181 faces the clamping block 12. The first inner sleeve 182 of the first elastic reset assembly 18 is slidably disposed inside the first outer sleeve 181. One end of the first inner sleeve 182 is open, and the other end is closed. The open end of the inner sleeve 182 is located inside the first outer sleeve 181, and the closed end of the first inner sleeve 182 abuts against the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12. A first spring 183 is provided inside the first outer sleeve 181 and the first inner sleeve 182. One end of the first spring 183 abuts against the inner side of the closed end of the first outer sleeve 181, and the other end of the first spring 183 abuts against the inner side of the closed end of the first inner sleeve 182. The outer side of the closed end of the first outer sleeve 181 is provided with a head groove, such as a cross groove, a slotted groove, or an internal hexagonal groove, to match the corresponding tool and realize operations such as installation, disassembly, adjustment of reset force, and adjustment of reset stroke.

[0064] Specifically, a pair of first elastic reset components 18 are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical rotating shaft 15 in the horizontal direction, providing bidirectional reset force to the clamping block 12. This ensures that the clamping block 12 can quickly reset to its initial position after adaptive rotation around the vertical rotating shaft 15, guaranteeing the consistency of subsequent workpiece clamping and avoiding clamping errors caused by poor reset of the clamping block 12. One end of the first elastic reset component 18 is connected to the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12, and the other end is connected to the inner block 11. The reset force is transmitted directly and evenly, avoiding jamming or skew during the reset of the clamping block 12. At the same time, it can buffer the impact force when the clamping block 12 rotates, reduce component wear, and improve the operating stability of the fixture.

[0065] Optionally, such as Figure 2 and Figure 6 As shown, a pair of second elastic reset components 19 are provided between the inner block 11 and the outer base 14. The pair of second elastic reset components 19 are arranged vertically at intervals above and below the vertical rotating shaft 15. One end of the second elastic reset component 19 is connected to the inner block 11, and the other end of the second elastic reset component 19 is connected to the outer base 14, which is used to provide the reset force after the inner block 11 rotates around the horizontal rotating shaft 16.

[0066] In this embodiment, the vertical support plate 142 of the inner block 11 is provided with two second mounting through holes, each with an internal thread. The second outer sleeve 191 of the second elastic reset assembly 19 is provided with an external thread. The second outer sleeve 191 is threaded into the second mounting through holes. One end of the second outer sleeve 191 is closed, and the other end is open. The open end of the second outer sleeve 191 faces the clamping block 12. The second inner sleeve 192 of the second elastic reset assembly 19 is slidably disposed inside the second outer sleeve 191. One end of the second inner sleeve 192 is open, and the other end is closed. The open end of the sleeve 192 is located inside the second outer sleeve 191, and the closed end of the second inner sleeve 192 abuts against the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12. A second spring 193 is installed inside the second outer sleeve 191 and the second inner sleeve 192. One end of the second spring 193 abuts against the inner side of the closed end of the second outer sleeve 191, and the other end of the second spring 193 abuts against the inner side of the closed end of the second inner sleeve 192. The outer side of the closed end of the second outer sleeve 191 is provided with a head groove, such as a cross groove, a slotted groove, or an internal hexagonal groove, to match the corresponding tool and realize operations such as installation, disassembly, adjustment of reset force, and adjustment of reset stroke.

[0067] Specifically, a pair of second elastic reset components 19 are vertically spaced above and below the vertical rotating shaft 15, providing a bidirectional reset force to the inner block 11 around the horizontal rotating shaft 16. This ensures that the inner block 11 quickly and accurately resets after adaptive rotation, guaranteeing consistency in batch workpiece clamping and improving processing efficiency. The elastic reset force can offset part of the cutting torque's influence on the inner block 11, reducing its wobbling and further improving clamping stability. Simultaneously, the elastic characteristics of the second elastic reset components 19 can buffer the impact force during the inner block 11's rotation, protecting the horizontal rotating shaft 16, the connection between the inner block 11 and the outer base 14, and extending the component's service life.

[0068] Optionally, a first clearance space is provided between the inner surface of the main body 111 and the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12. The first clearance space is used to make clearance when the clamping block 12 rotates around the vertical axis 15.

[0069] Specifically, the first clearance space provides sufficient room for the clamping block 12 to rotate around the vertical axis 15, avoiding interference between the outer arc surface of the clamping block 12 and the inner surface of the main body 111, ensuring that the clamping block 12 can flexibly adjust the rotation angle according to the shape of the workpiece surface, fully fit the workpiece surface, and optimize the adaptive clamping effect.

[0070] Optionally, a second clearance space is provided between the outer surface of the main body 111 and the inner surface of the vertical support plate 142. The second clearance space is used to make clearance when the inner block 11 rotates around the horizontal axis 16.

[0071] Specifically, the second clearance space provides the necessary space for the inner block 11 to rotate around the horizontal axis 16, avoiding interference between the outer surface of the main body 111 and the inner surface of the vertical support plate 142, ensuring that the inner block 11 can freely adjust its angle to adapt to the tilt or irregular shape of the workpiece, and further enhancing the self-adaptive capability of the fixture.

[0072] The adaptive floating fixture in this embodiment achieves precise and stable clamping of large-diameter, thin-walled, or irregularly shaped rotating workpieces 4 through an adaptive floating clamping mechanism. The principle is as follows:

[0073] Positioning and centering principle: Three positioning mechanisms 2 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the hydraulic chuck 3 and three clamping mechanisms 1. The upper support column 21 abuts against the bottom edge of the workpiece to form a three-point preliminary positioning, quickly determine the reference position of the workpiece, and provide a centering basis for subsequent clamping.

[0074] Adaptive floating principle: The clamping mechanism 1 adopts a "two-way rotating shaft + multiple clamping points" design, which adapts to the shape of the workpiece through two key movements. The clamping block 12 rotates horizontally around the vertical rotating shaft 15. The upper and lower clamping blocks 12 of each clamping mechanism 1 can rotate independently around the vertical rotating shaft 15, so that the top head 13 of the inner arc surface can conform to the roundness or irregular contour of different sections of the workpiece and disperse the clamping stress. The inner block 11 rotates vertically around the horizontal rotating shaft 16. The inner block 11 drives the upper and lower clamping blocks 12 to rotate as a whole around the horizontal rotating shaft 16, adapting to the tilt angle or draft angle of the workpiece and offsetting the overturning torque during the cutting process.

[0075] Elastic reset principle: The first elastic reset component 18 and the second elastic reset component 19 provide reset forces in the horizontal and vertical directions, respectively, to ensure that the fixture returns to its initial position before the workpiece is clamped, thus ensuring the consistency of batch processing.

[0076] Power transmission principle: The hydraulic chuck 3 drives the three clamping mechanisms 1 to retract inward synchronously through the radial drive function. The clamping force is transmitted to the top head 13 through the outer base 14, inner block 11, and clamping block 12, and finally achieves uniform clamping of the workpiece by 12 clamping points (3 clamping mechanisms 1 × 4 top heads 13).

[0077] The working process of the adaptive floating fixture in this embodiment is as follows:

[0078] (a) Preparation stage:

[0079] Fixture assembly: The three clamping mechanisms 1 are detachably connected to the driving T-block 31 of the hydraulic chuck 3 via the lower support section 144, and the three positioning mechanisms 2 are detachably connected to the fixing T-block 32 of the hydraulic chuck 3 via the lower connecting section 22, ensuring that the clamping mechanisms 1 and the positioning mechanisms are evenly distributed alternately along the circumference, and the central angle between adjacent ones is 60°.

[0080] Parameter adaptation: According to the workpiece material and surface precision requirements, replace the mandrel 13 with the corresponding material (such as polyurethane, hard alloy), and fix the mandrel 13 in the variable diameter through hole of the clamping block 12 with bolts 121; adjust the height of the upper support column 21 of the positioning mechanism (replace the shim 122) to adapt to the workpiece height.

[0081] Initial reset: Under the action of the first and second elastic reset components 19, the clamping block 12 returns to the center position around the vertical axis 15, the inner block 11 returns to the center position around the horizontal axis 16, and all the top heads 13 are in the preset initial position, waiting for the workpiece to be loaded.

[0082] (II) Positioning Phase:

[0083] Workpiece loading: The rotating workpiece 4 is placed above the fixture by a hoisting device or conveying mechanism, so that the bottom edge of the workpiece slowly approaches the upper support column 21 of the three positioning mechanisms 2.

[0084] Preliminary centering: The bottom edge of the workpiece contacts the arc-shaped surface at the top of the upper support column 21 of the three positioning mechanisms 2. The center datum of the workpiece is quickly determined by the three-point positioning principle to avoid workpiece offset and complete the preliminary positioning.

[0085] (III) Clamping Phase:

[0086] Drive contraction: Start the hydraulic chuck 3. The radial drive mechanism of the hydraulic chuck 3 drives the three clamping mechanisms 1 to contract inward synchronously. The clamping mechanisms 1 gradually approach the outer circumference of the workpiece.

[0087] Adaptive Fit:

[0088] First, the two top heads 13 of the upper clamping block 12 of each clamping mechanism 1 contact the workpiece surface. Since the workpiece surface may have roundness deviation or irregular structure, the upper clamping block 12 rotates adaptively around the vertical axis 15 so that the top heads 13 fit tightly against the workpiece surface.

[0089] As the clamping mechanism 1 continues to retract inward, the two top heads 13 of the lower clamping block 12 come into contact with the workpiece surface, and similarly rotate adaptively around the vertical axis 15 to achieve full contact between the upper and lower clamping blocks 12 and the workpiece surface.

[0090] If the workpiece is tilted or has a slight draft angle, the inner block 11 rotates around the horizontal axis 16 as a whole, which drives the upper and lower clamping blocks 12 to adjust their angles synchronously, ensuring that all 12 top heads 13 are in uniform contact with the workpiece surface, dispersing the clamping stress and preventing deformation of thin-walled workpieces.

[0091] Stable clamping: When the mandrel 13 is fully in contact with the workpiece surface, the hydraulic chuck 3 stops driving, the clamping mechanism 1 maintains the clamping state, and the 12 mandrels 13 jointly bear the radial force and overturning torque during the cutting process, ensuring the stability of the workpiece during processing.

[0092] (iv) Processing stage:

[0093] Machine tool start-up: The vertical CNC lathe performs machining operations such as turning on the workpiece according to the preset program. The turning torque generated during the cutting process is transmitted to the mandrel 13 through the workpiece.

[0094] Torque cancellation: The adaptive rotation of the inner block 11 around the horizontal axis 16 and the flexible adjustment of the clamping block 12 around the vertical axis 15, combined with the structural rigidity of the fixture, cancel the cutting and turning torque in real time, preventing the workpiece from loosening or shifting; the dust cover 17 blocks iron chips and coolant from entering the fixture, preventing parts from jamming or wearing.

[0095] (V) Loosening and Resetting Stage:

[0096] Processing completed: After the workpiece processing is completed, the hydraulic chuck 3 drives the three clamping mechanisms 1 to expand outward synchronously, and the clamping force is released.

[0097] Fixture reset: Under the action of the first elastic reset component 18, the upper and lower clamping blocks 12 return to the center position around the vertical axis 15; under the action of the second elastic reset component 19, the inner block 11 returns to the center position around the horizontal axis 16, and the entire fixture is restored to the initial state.

[0098] Workpiece unloading: The finished workpiece is removed from the fixture by hoisting equipment or conveying mechanism and enters the next process; the fixture waits for the next workpiece to be loaded, and the above work process is repeated.

[0099] The various embodiments of the present invention have been described above. These descriptions are exemplary and not exhaustive, nor are they limited to the disclosed embodiments. Many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope and spirit of the described embodiments.

Claims

1. An adaptive floating fixture, characterized in that, It includes three clamping mechanisms (1) and three positioning mechanisms (2). The three clamping mechanisms (1) are evenly installed around the circumference of the hydraulic chuck (3). The three clamping mechanisms (1) are driven to retract inward synchronously by the radial drive function of the hydraulic chuck (3) to clamp the rotating workpiece (4). The three positioning mechanisms (2) are evenly installed around the circumference of the hydraulic chuck (3) and are alternately distributed with the three clamping mechanisms (1). The three positioning mechanisms (2) simultaneously abut against the bottom edge of the rotating workpiece (4) for initial positioning. The clamping mechanism (1) includes: Inner block (11); A pair of clamping blocks (12) are arc-shaped plates. A pair of top heads (13) are spaced apart on the inner arc surface of the clamping blocks (12). The top heads (13) are used to contact the rotating workpiece (4). The pair of clamping blocks (12) are rotatably connected to the upper and lower parts of the inner block (11) respectively through a vertical rotating shaft (15). The outer base (14) includes an integrally formed or fixedly connected upper assembly section (141) and a lower support section (144). The inner block (11) is rotatably connected to the upper assembly section (141) via a horizontal rotating shaft (16). The lower support section (144) is detachably connected to the drive T-block (31) of the hydraulic chuck (3).

2. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positioning mechanism (2) includes an integrally formed or fixedly connected upper support column (21) and a lower connecting section (22). The top of the upper support column (21) is used to contact the bottom edge of the rotating workpiece (4), and the lower connecting section (22) is used to be detachably connected to the fixed T-block (32) of the hydraulic chuck (3).

3. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The inner block (11) has an E-shaped cross-section and includes an integrally formed or mutually fixedly connected main body base (111), an upper boss (112), a middle boss (113), and a lower boss (114). The main body base (111) is vertically arranged, while the upper boss (112), the middle boss (113), and the lower boss (114) are horizontally arranged. An upper mounting groove is formed between the upper boss (112) and the middle boss (113), and a lower mounting groove is formed between the middle boss (113) and the lower boss (114). A pair of clamps... The blocks (12) are respectively installed in the upper mounting groove and the lower mounting groove. The vertical rotating shaft (15) passes through the upper boss (112), the clamping block (12) in the upper mounting groove, the middle boss (113), the clamping block (12) in the lower mounting groove and the lower boss (114) from top to bottom. The vertical rotating shaft (15) is in transition fit with the upper boss (112), the middle boss (113) and the lower boss (114), and the vertical rotating shaft (15) is in clearance fit with the clamping block (12).

4. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, The upper assembly section (141) includes a vertical support plate (142). A pair of lugs (143) are symmetrically arranged on both sides of the vertical support plate (142). The lugs (143) extend in a direction perpendicular to the vertical support plate (142). The inner block (11) is arranged between the pair of lugs (143). The horizontal rotating shaft (16) passes horizontally through the pair of lugs (143) and the inner block (11). The axis of the horizontal rotating shaft (16) is located between the two planes where the pair of clamping blocks (12) are located. There are clearance notches above and below the lugs (143). The clearance notches are used to avoid the clamping blocks (12).

5. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, The upper end of the vertical support plate (142) is provided with a dust cover (17), which is horizontally set and covers the area above the upper assembly section (141) and the inner block (11).

6. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, The clamping block (12) is provided with a pair of variable diameter through holes. The variable diameter through holes extend from the outer arc surface of the clamping block (12) to the inner arc surface. The variable diameter through holes include a coarse diameter part and a fine diameter part that are connected to each other. A step is formed at the connection between the coarse diameter part and the fine diameter part. The fine diameter part is located near the outer arc surface of the clamping block (12), and the coarse diameter part is located near the inner arc surface of the clamping block (12). One end of the top head (13) is located inside the coarse diameter part, and the other end of the top head (13) extends outside the coarse diameter part. The size of the coarse diameter part is adapted to the size of the top head (13). One end of the top head (13) is provided with an internal thread. The screw of the bolt (121) passes through the fine diameter part and is threaded to one end of the top head (13). The size of the fine diameter part is adapted to the size of the screw.

7. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pair of first elastic reset components (18) are provided between each clamping block (12) and the inner block (11). The pair of first elastic reset components (18) are spaced apart on both sides of the vertical rotating shaft (15) in the horizontal direction. One end of the first elastic reset component (18) is connected to the outer arc surface of the clamping block (12), and the other end of the first elastic reset component (18) is connected to the inner block (11) to provide a reset force after the clamping block (12) rotates around the vertical rotating shaft (15).

8. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 1, characterized in that, A pair of second elastic reset components (19) are provided between the inner block (11) and the outer base (14). The pair of second elastic reset components (19) are arranged vertically at intervals above and below the vertical rotating shaft (15). One end of the second elastic reset component (19) is connected to the inner block (11), and the other end of the second elastic reset component (19) is connected to the outer base (14) to provide a reset force after the inner block (11) rotates around the horizontal rotating shaft (16).

9. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 3, characterized in that, A first clearance space is provided between the inner surface of the main body (111) and the outer arc surface of the clamping block (12). The first clearance space is used to make clearance when the clamping block (12) rotates around the vertical axis (15).

10. The adaptive floating fixture according to claim 4, characterized in that, A second clearance space is provided between the outer surface of the main body (111) and the inner surface of the vertical support plate (142), the second clearance space being used to make clearance when the inner block (11) rotates around the horizontal axis (16).

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