Rapid cracker for preparing bio-oil from biomass

Abstract

According to the quick cracker for preparing the bio-oil from the biomass, the electric heating layer arranged on the side wall of the inner container of the pyrolysis reactor body is combined with the vacuum heat preservation layer, so that the temperature can be accurately controlled, the heat loss is reduced, and the cracking reaction is ensured to be carried out in a uniform high-temperature environment; the matching design of a conical flow guide baffle and a stirring rod effectively prevents the materials from being accumulated and coked, and meanwhile, high-pressure gas introduced by an airflow spray head further strengthens turbulent mixing in the reactor; the cyclone separator is communicated with the pyrolysis reactor through a side filter screen, and is combined with two-stage collection of the material collecting bin, so that efficient separation of pyrolysis gas and solid residues is realized, and the ash content in bio-oil is reduced; and through cooperative work of a first spiral feeder and a second spiral feeder in the conveying assembly, continuous feeding of raw materials and timely discharging of products are guaranteed, and the automation degree of device operation is improved. The whole structure is compact, the heat efficiency is high, and the device is especially suitable for large-scale bio-oil preparation processes.

Description

A rapid pyrolyzer for biomass-to-bio-oil production Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of biomass processing technology, and in particular to a rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production. Background Technology

[0002] With the continued growth of global energy demand and the intensifying shortage of fossil fuel resources, biomass energy, as a renewable, low-carbon, and environmentally friendly alternative energy source, has received widespread attention. Rapid biomass pyrolysis technology can convert biomass feedstocks (such as agricultural and forestry waste) into high-value-added bio-oil, combustible gas, and carbon-based products, and is one of the important ways to achieve efficient utilization of biomass. Currently, the core equipment of rapid biomass pyrolysis units is the pyrolysis reactor, whose design directly affects pyrolysis efficiency, product quality, and system operational stability.

[0003] In existing technologies, common biomass pyrolysis reactors mainly include fluidized bed, rotating cone, and fixed bed structures. These reactors achieve pyrolysis through rapid mixing of high-temperature carrier gas and biomass particles. However, they suffer from problems such as high carrier gas consumption and difficulty in efficiently separating solid residues carried in the pyrolysis gas. While existing technologies can achieve continuous feeding, poor temperature uniformity within the reactor easily leads to localized overheating and coking of the biomass, affecting product yield. Furthermore, existing devices often use a single cyclone separator to separate pyrolysis gas from solid products, resulting in limited separation efficiency and high ash content in the subsequently condensed bio-oil. Simultaneously, the reactor's insulation design largely relies on traditional refractory materials, leading to significant heat loss and difficulty in maintaining the thermal stability required for high-temperature pyrolysis.

[0004] The above-mentioned problems combined result in the following drawbacks of existing biomass pyrolysis devices:

[0005] 1) The pyrolysis reaction is uneven, the coke content in the products is high, and the bio-oil yield is low.

[0006] 2) Incomplete gas-solid separation affects the purity of subsequent products and the long-term reliability of equipment operation;

[0007] 3) Low thermal efficiency, resulting in a significant increase in energy consumption;

[0008] 4) The coordination between material transportation and reaction processes is poor, making it difficult to achieve continuous production.

[0009] Therefore, how to design a biomass pyrolysis device that integrates efficient heat transfer, rapid gas-solid separation, stable heat preservation, and continuous operation has become a technical problem that urgently needs to be solved in this field. Summary of the Invention

[0010] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production, in order to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0011] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following solution:

[0012] This utility model provides a rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production, comprising:

[0013] The pyrolysis reactor body has a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom.

[0014] A collection bin is located below and connected to the pyrolysis reactor body;

[0015] A cyclone separator is disposed on and connected to the side of the pyrolysis reactor body, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the collection bin.

[0016] A conveying assembly is connected to the pyrolysis reactor body and the collection bin.

[0017] Preferably, the pyrolysis reactor body includes an inner liner, the inlet and the outlet are both connected to the inner liner, the side wall of the inner liner is provided with an electric heating layer, the outer shell is provided outside the inner liner, and a vacuum layer is provided between the inner liner and the outer shell.

[0018] Preferably, both the inlet and the outlet are equipped with valves.

[0019] Preferably, a conical baffle is provided below the feed inlet.

[0020] Preferably, the pyrolysis reactor body further includes a gas flow nozzle, which is externally connected to a high-pressure gas source pipeline.

[0021] Preferably, the pyrolysis reactor body further includes a stirring rod, which is connected to a drive motor.

[0022] Preferably, the top of the cyclone separator is connected to a pyrolysis gas delivery pipe, and the side of the cyclone separator is connected to the pyrolysis reactor body through a filter screen.

[0023] Preferably, the conveying assembly includes a storage bin, which is connected to the inlet via a first screw feeder, and the storage bin is connected to the collection bin via a second screw feeder.

[0024] The present invention achieves the following beneficial technical effects compared to the prior art:

[0025] This invention provides a rapid pyrolysis reactor for biomass-based bio-oil production. An electric heating layer combined with a vacuum insulation layer on the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor body allows for precise temperature control and minimizes heat loss, ensuring the pyrolysis reaction proceeds in a uniform high-temperature environment. The combined design of a conical baffle and agitator effectively prevents material accumulation and coking, while the high-pressure gas introduced by the air jet further enhances turbulent mixing within the reactor. A cyclone separator, connected to the pyrolysis reactor via a side filter and combined with a two-stage collection system in the collection bin, achieves efficient separation of pyrolysis gas and solid residue, reducing the ash content in the bio-oil. The coordinated operation of the first and second screw feeders in the conveying assembly ensures continuous feedstock supply and timely product discharge, improving the automation level of the device. The overall structure is compact and highly thermally efficient, making it particularly suitable for large-scale bio-oil production processes. Attached Figure Description

[0026] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.

[0027] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a rapid pyrolyzer for biomass-to-bio-oil production provided by this utility model;

[0028] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the pyrolysis reactor body structure of a biomass-to-bio-oil rapid pyrolysis device provided by this utility model. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] The purpose of this invention is to provide a rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production to solve the problems existing in the prior art.

[0031] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.

[0032] Example 1:

[0033] This embodiment provides a rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production, as shown in Figures 1 and 2, including:

[0034] The pyrolysis reactor body 1 has a feed inlet 2 at the top and a discharge outlet 3 at the bottom. It heats the biomass raw material to generate pyrolysis gas, and finally obtains bio-oil by condensing the pyrolysis gas.

[0035] Collection bin 4 is located below and connected to the pyrolysis reactor body 1. It is used to collect the biochar produced after pyrolysis. If the biochar has not been completely pyrolyzed, it can be collected and reused.

[0036] Cyclone separator 5 is located on the side of the pyrolysis reactor body 1 and connected to it. The bottom of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to the collection bin 4. It can separate the particles mixed in the pyrolysis gas from the gas. The gas enters the subsequent condensation stage, while the particles are collected in the collection bin 4. Similarly, if the pyrolysis is not complete, it can be collected and reused.

[0037] The conveying component 6 is connected to the pyrolysis reactor body 1 and the collection bin 4 to realize the conveying of raw materials.

[0038] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis reactor body 1 includes an inner liner 11, an inlet 2 and a outlet 3 that are both connected to the inner liner 11, an electric heating layer 12 is provided on the side wall of the inner liner 11, and an outer shell 13 is provided on the outside of the inner liner 11. A vacuum layer is provided between the inner liner 11 and the outer shell 13. In this embodiment, the inner liner can be made of high-temperature resistant ceramic material, while the outer shell 13 can be made of stainless steel material. By creating a vacuum environment between the two, the heat insulation effect can be effectively achieved.

[0039] As one implementation method, both the feed inlet 2 and the discharge outlet 3 are equipped with valves to ensure the airtightness of the pyrolysis process.

[0040] As one implementation method, a conical baffle 14 is provided below the feed inlet 2, which can not only achieve the effect of uniform flow guidance, but also prevent the jet of air from blowing out the biomass raw materials.

[0041] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis reactor body 1 also includes a gas flow nozzle 15, which is externally connected to a high-pressure gas source pipeline. The high-pressure gas introduced further enhances the turbulent mixing within the reactor.

[0042] In one embodiment, the pyrolysis reactor body 1 also includes a stirring rod 16, which is connected to a drive motor 17 to mix the raw materials, thereby preventing the raw materials from accumulating and coking.

[0043] In one implementation, the top of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to a cracked gas delivery pipe 51, and the side of the cyclone separator 5 is connected to the pyrolysis reactor body 1 through a filter screen 52 for gas-solid separation.

[0044] In one embodiment, the conveying assembly 6 includes a storage bin 61, which is connected to the inlet 2 via a first screw feeder 62 and to the collection bin 4 via a second screw feeder 63, thereby realizing the conveying of raw materials.

[0045] This invention provides a rapid pyrolysis reactor for biomass-based bio-oil production. An electric heating layer combined with a vacuum insulation layer on the inner wall of the pyrolysis reactor body allows for precise temperature control and minimizes heat loss, ensuring the pyrolysis reaction proceeds in a uniform high-temperature environment. The combined design of a conical baffle and agitator effectively prevents material accumulation and coking, while the high-pressure gas introduced by the air jet further enhances turbulent mixing within the reactor. A cyclone separator, connected to the pyrolysis reactor via a side filter and combined with a two-stage collection system in the collection bin, achieves efficient separation of pyrolysis gas and solid residue, reducing the ash content in the bio-oil. The coordinated operation of the first and second screw feeders in the conveying assembly ensures continuous feedstock supply and timely product discharge, improving the automation level of the device. The overall structure is compact and highly thermally efficient, making it particularly suitable for large-scale bio-oil production processes.

[0046] This utility model uses specific examples to illustrate its principles and implementation methods. The above description of the embodiments is only for the purpose of helping to understand the method and core idea of ​​this utility model. At the same time, for those skilled in the art, there will be changes in the specific implementation methods and application scope based on the idea of ​​this utility model. In summary, the content of this specification should not be construed as a limitation of this utility model.

Claims

1. A rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production, characterized in that: include: The pyrolysis reactor body has a feed inlet at the top and a discharge outlet at the bottom; a collection bin is located below and connected to the pyrolysis reactor body. A cyclone separator is disposed on and connected to the side of the pyrolysis reactor body, and the bottom of the cyclone separator is connected to the collection bin; a conveying assembly is connected to the pyrolysis reactor body and the collection bin.

2. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The pyrolysis reactor body includes an inner liner, the inlet and the outlet are both connected to the inner liner, the side wall of the inner liner is provided with an electric heating layer, the outer shell of the inner liner is provided with an outer shell, and a vacuum layer is provided between the inner liner and the outer shell.

3. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 2, characterized in that: Both the inlet and the outlet are equipped with valves.

4. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 2, characterized in that: A conical baffle is provided below the feed inlet.

5. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pyrolysis reactor body also includes a gas flow nozzle, which is externally connected to a high-pressure gas source pipeline.

6. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 2, characterized in that: The pyrolysis reactor body also includes a stirring rod, which is connected to a drive motor.

7. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the cyclone separator is connected to a pyrolysis gas delivery pipe, and the side of the cyclone separator is connected to the pyrolysis reactor body through a filter screen.

8. The rapid pyrolysis device for biomass-to-bio-oil production according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying assembly includes a storage bin, which is connected to the inlet via a first screw feeder, and the storage bin is connected to the collection bin via a second screw feeder.

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