Potato seeding hopper-type on-film coverer

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of hoppers film-on covering soil devices for potato seeding, including frame and the walking wheel being set in the both sides of frame, seeding fertilization mechanism, mulching mechanism and covering soil mechanism are sequentially set from front to back on frame, covering soil mechanism includes the hopper elevator being symmetrically set in the both sides of frame, hopper elevator includes casing and the hopper lifting component being set in casing, two hopper lifting components are connected by upper pivot and lower pivot, passive sprocket is set on upper pivot, driving sprocket is set on the axle of walking wheel, driving sprocket and passive sprocket are connected by chain, the lower end of hopper lifting component is extended to the outside of casing downwards, the upper portion of casing is provided with discharge pipe, the lower end of discharge pipe is inclined towards the center direction of frame, inclined plate is set on the frame below discharge pipe, the lower end of inclined plate is towards the rear side of frame. The utility model has the advantages of high work efficiency, good covering soil effect and wide adaptability.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of machinery for covering soil with film for crop sowing, specifically to a hopper-type film covering device for potato sowing. Background Technology

[0002] Mulching is used in the cultivation of crops such as potatoes. Mulching has the functions of heat preservation, water retention, and soil conservation. It can improve fertilizer efficiency, promote crop growth, and also has the advantages of weed control, insect prevention, drought and flood prevention, salt suppression and seedling protection, and improvement of near-ground light and heat conditions. It is highly targeted and applicable to factors that limit agricultural development, such as low temperature, little rain, drought and barrenness, and short frost-free period. The use of mulching can increase the root system of crops by about 30% and increase yield by 40% to 80%. Mulching is widely used in the field of crop cultivation.

[0003] Traditional mulching is mainly done manually, which is extremely inefficient and labor-intensive. To improve agricultural efficiency, automated mulching machinery has emerged, supplemented by automated soil-covering devices to complete the mulching operation. However, most existing automated soil-covering devices have the following problems: First, a large portion of my country's potatoes are grown in small-scale arable land areas such as high-altitude mountainous regions and slopes. Existing automated soil-covering devices are mostly complex in structure and large in size, failing to meet the needs of use. Furthermore, their high price exceeds the affordability of ordinary farmers, hindering their widespread adoption. Second, during the soil-covering process, the mulch film cannot be firmly fixed, often falling off due to wind, affecting the mulching effect and consequently impacting crop growth. In addition, the uneven thickness of the soil layer on the mulch film further reduces its effectiveness. Therefore, the development of a hopper-type mulch film covering device for potato planting with high efficiency, good soil-covering effect, and wide applicability is objectively necessary. Utility Model Content

[0004] The purpose of this utility model is to provide a hopper-type film covering device for potato planting that has high working efficiency, good soil covering effect, and wide applicability.

[0005] The purpose of this utility model is achieved as follows: it includes a frame and traveling wheels arranged on both sides of the frame. From front to back, the frame is provided with a sowing and fertilizing mechanism, a mulching mechanism, and a soil covering mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes bucket elevators symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame. The bucket elevator includes a housing and bucket lifting components arranged inside the housing. The two bucket lifting components are connected by an upper rotating shaft and a lower rotating shaft. A driven sprocket is arranged on the upper rotating shaft. A driving sprocket is arranged on the axle of the traveling wheel. The driving sprocket and the driven sprocket are connected by a chain. The lower end of the housing is an open structure. The lower end of the bucket lifting component extends downward to the outside of the housing. A feeding pipe is arranged on the upper part of the housing. The lower end of the feeding pipe is inclined towards the center of the frame. An inclined plate is arranged on the frame below the feeding pipe. The lower end of the inclined plate faces the rear side of the frame.

[0006] Furthermore, the bottom of the discharge pipe is provided with multiple soil drop holes at intervals.

[0007] Furthermore, the frame includes a front frame and a rear frame, which are rotatably connected by a hinge. The traveling wheels and the sowing and fertilizing mechanism are installed on the front frame, while the mulching mechanism and the soil covering mechanism are installed on the rear frame. A gantry frame is provided at the front end of the front frame, and a hydraulic rod is provided between the upper part of the gantry frame and the rear frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the upper end of the bucket of the bucket elevator component is equipped with digging teeth.

[0009] Furthermore, a crossbar is installed on the frame below the inclined plate, and a spring is installed between the crossbar and the bottom of the inclined plate. The upper end of the inclined plate is rotatably connected to the machine casing through a hinge.

[0010] Furthermore, triangular retaining plates are installed on both sides of the inclined plate, and a lifting plate is installed at the bottom between the retaining plates. The two sides of the lifting plate are slidably connected to the two retaining plates through vertical slide rails.

[0011] Furthermore, the vertical slide rail and the lifting plate are connected by bolts.

[0012] Furthermore, openings are machined at the lower ends of both sides of the lifting plate.

[0013] In operation, the sowing and fertilizing mechanism, the mulching mechanism, and the soil covering mechanism are first installed on the frame as required. A small agricultural machine such as a tractor is used as the traction machine, and the frame is connected to the traction machine. The traction machine drives the entire device forward on the land. The sowing and fertilizing mechanism performs sowing and fertilizing, the mulching mechanism covers the mulch film, and then the soil covering mechanism covers the mulch film with soil. The soil covering process is as follows: the traction machine pulls the frame forward, and when the traveling wheels rotate, they drive the drive sprocket to rotate. The drive sprocket drives the driven sprocket to rotate via a chain. When the driven sprocket rotates, it drives the upper shaft to rotate, which in turn drives the two bucket elevator components to operate. The buckets rotate in a cycle. Because the lower end of the casing is open, when the bucket moves down to the bottom of the casing, the open end of the bucket faces downward and contacts the ground soil. During operation, the soil is dug up and loaded into the bucket. As the bucket continues to move, the open end of the bucket faces upward, carrying the soil inside upward until the soil is discharged from the discharge pipe. This process is repeated continuously, digging up the soil and sending it to the discharge pipe for discharge. Two bucket elevators operate simultaneously, discharging the soil from the discharge pipe at the same time. The soil first falls onto the inclined plate and spreads out on the inclined plate, eventually falling evenly onto the mulch film, completing the soil covering operation on the mulch film. Compared to most existing automatic soil covering devices, this invention features a simpler structure, smaller size, and easier operation. It is suitable for high-altitude mountainous areas, slopes, and small plots of farmland, reducing manufacturing and operating costs to a level affordable for ordinary farmers, thus demonstrating its potential for widespread adoption. Secondly, the entire soil covering process is automatically driven by a traction machine, resulting in high efficiency. The process is accomplished by two bucket elevators and an inclined plate. The bucket elevators both lift and transport the soil to a suitable height, allowing it to fall onto the inclined plate, spread out, and then evenly accumulate on the mulch film. This ensures the mulch film is fully covered by soil, securing it firmly and preventing it from being blown away by wind, resulting in excellent soil covering. In summary, this invention offers advantages such as high efficiency, good soil covering effect, and wide applicability. Attached Figure Description

[0014] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of this utility model;

[0015] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of AA;

[0016] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of the hopper 14 in this utility model;

[0017] Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of the lifting plate 21 in this utility model;

[0018] In the diagram: 1-Frame, 2-Walking wheel, 3-Sowing and fertilizing mechanism, 4-Mulching mechanism, 5-Machine casing, 6-Bucket lifting component, 7-Upper shaft, 8-Lower shaft, 9-Passive sprocket, 10-Driving sprocket, 11-Chain, 12-Discharge pipe, 13-Inclined plate, 14-Hopper, 15-Soil dropping hole, 16-Hydraulic rod, 17-Digging teeth, 18-Horizontal bar, 19-Spring, 20-Soil retaining plate, 21-Lifting plate, 22-Vertical slide rail, 23-Opening. Detailed Implementation

[0019] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, but this description is not intended to limit the present invention in any way. Any changes or improvements made based on the present invention shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0020] like Figures 1-4 As shown, this utility model includes a frame 1 and traveling wheels 2 arranged on both sides of the frame 1. From front to back, the frame 1 is equipped with a sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3, a mulching mechanism 4, and a soil covering mechanism. The soil covering mechanism includes bucket elevators symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame 1. Each bucket elevator includes a casing 5 and bucket lifting components 6 disposed within the casing 5. The structure of the bucket elevator is existing technology. In this utility model, the lower part of the casing 5 is designed as an open structure, exposing a portion of the hoppers 14 and the bucket lifting components 6, facilitating the digging of soil by the hoppers 14. This utility model utilizes the hoppers 14 in the bucket elevator for digging and upward transport of soil. The two bucket lifting components 6 are connected by an upward rotation mechanism. Shaft 7 is connected to the lower rotating shaft 8. A passive sprocket 9 is provided on the upper rotating shaft 7. In this utility model, the passive sprocket 9 drives the upper rotating shaft 7 to rotate, thereby driving the two bucket lifting components 6 to run in their respective housings 5. An active sprocket 10 is provided on the axle of the traveling wheel 2. The active sprocket 10 and the passive sprocket 9 are connected by a chain 11. The lower end of the housing 5 is an open structure. The lower end of the bucket lifting component 6 extends downward to the outside of the housing 5. A feed pipe 12 is provided on the upper part of the housing 5. The lower end of the feed pipe 12 is inclined towards the center of the frame 1. An inclined plate 13 is provided on the frame 1 below the feed pipe 12. The lower end of the inclined plate 13 faces the rear side of the frame 1.

[0021] In operation, the sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3, the mulching mechanism 4, and the soil covering mechanism are first installed on the frame 1 as required. A small agricultural machine, such as a tractor, is used as the traction machine. The frame 1 is connected to the traction machine, which then drives the entire device forward on the land. The sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3 performs sowing and fertilizing, the mulching mechanism 4 covers the mulch film, and then the soil covering mechanism covers the mulch film with soil. The soil covering process is as follows: the traction machine pulls the frame 1 forward. When the traveling wheels 2 rotate, they drive the drive sprocket 10 to rotate. The drive sprocket 10 drives the driven sprocket 9 to rotate via the chain 11. When the driven sprocket 9 rotates, it drives the upper rotating shaft 7 to rotate, which in turn drives the two bucket elevator components 6 to operate. The buckets in the bucket elevator components 6... 14. The bucket elevator rotates in a cycle. Since the lower end of the casing 5 is an open structure, when the bucket 14 moves downwards to the bottom of the casing 5, the open end of the bucket 14 faces downwards and will contact the ground soil. During operation, the soil is dug up and loaded into the bucket 14. As the bucket 14 continues to run, the open end of the bucket 14 faces upwards, carrying the soil inside upwards until the soil is discharged from the discharge pipe 12. The above process is repeated continuously, and the soil is dug up and sent to the discharge pipe 12 for discharge. The two bucket elevators operate at the same time, and the soil is discharged from the discharge pipe 12 at the same time. The soil will first fall onto the inclined plate 13 and spread on the inclined plate 13, and finally fall evenly onto the mulch film, completing the soil covering operation on the mulch film.

[0022] Compared to most current automatic soil covering devices, this invention features a simpler structure, smaller size, and easier operation. It is suitable for high-altitude mountainous areas, slopes, and small-area farmland, reducing manufacturing costs and making its usage affordable for ordinary farmers, thus promising widespread adoption. Furthermore, the entire soil covering process is automatically driven by a traction machine, resulting in high efficiency. The process is completed by two bucket elevators and an inclined plate 13. The bucket elevators lift the soil and transport it to a suitable height. Once at the appropriate height, the soil falls onto the inclined plate 13, spreading out and then cascading down, eventually evenly accumulating on the mulch film. This ensures the mulch film is fully covered by the soil, securing it firmly and preventing it from being blown away by wind, resulting in a superior soil covering effect.

[0023] The bottom of the discharge pipe 12 is provided with multiple soil dropping holes 15 at intervals. When the present invention is in operation, the soil dug up by the hopper 14 is discharged from the discharge pipe 12, and the landing point on the inclined plate 13 is relatively concentrated, which is not conducive to the dispersion of the soil. In order to improve this problem, multiple soil dropping holes 15 are provided on the discharge pipe 12. When the soil falls in the discharge pipe 12, it can continuously fall from each soil dropping hole 15, thereby increasing the number of soil landing points on the inclined plate 13, which can make the soil more evenly dispersed on the inclined plate 13, thereby improving the uniformity of soil covering the mulch film.

[0024] The frame 1 includes a front frame and a rear frame, which are rotatably connected by a hinge. The traveling wheels 2 and the sowing and fertilizing mechanism 3 are installed on the front frame, while the mulching mechanism 4 and the soil covering mechanism are installed on the rear frame. A gantry frame is set at the front end of the front frame, and a hydraulic rod 16 is set between the upper part of the gantry frame and the rear frame. The gantry frame is an existing structure and is installed on the front frame for connection with the traction machine. The hydraulic rod 16 is existing technology and can be extended and shortened. When the hydraulic rod 16 is extended, the rear frame rotates downward, which allows the soil covering mechanism to move downward, thereby increasing the digging depth and the thickness of the mulch film. Conversely, when the hydraulic rod 16 is shortened, the rear frame rotates upward, which allows the soil covering mechanism to move upward, thereby reducing the digging depth and the thickness of the mulch film. At the same time, when the device is being transported without soil covering, the height of the soil covering mechanism can be increased by shortening the hydraulic rod 16, so that the bucket hopper 14 of the bucket elevator does not contact the ground, facilitating the transfer and position adjustment of the device.

[0025] The bucket 14 of the bucket elevator component 6 is equipped with digging teeth 17 at the upper end. This utility model relies on the upper end of the bucket 14 to dig the soil. However, when the soil moisture is high and the hardness is high, the digging effect will be affected to a certain extent, thereby reducing the amount of soil dug and ultimately reducing the thickness of the mulch film. However, by setting digging teeth 17 at the upper end of the bucket 14, the soil digging performance can be improved. Even in soil with high moisture and high hardness, efficient digging can be carried out to ensure the mulch film covering effect.

[0026] A crossbar 18 is installed on the frame 1 below the inclined plate 13. A spring 19 is installed between the crossbar 18 and the bottom of the inclined plate 13. The upper end of the inclined plate 13 is rotatably connected to the casing 5 through a hinge. When the soil falls onto the inclined plate 13, the presence of the spring 19 causes the inclined plate 13 to vibrate up and down. The soil slides down the inclined plate 13, and the vibration of the inclined plate 13 has a better dispersing effect on the soil, making the soil more evenly dispersed on the inclined plate 13. This allows the soil to fall more evenly and improves the soil covering effect of the mulch film.

[0027] Triangular retaining plates 20 are provided on both sides of the inclined plate 13. A lifting plate 21 is provided at the lower part between the retaining plates 20. The two sides of the lifting plate 21 are slidably connected to the two retaining plates 20 by vertical slide rails 22. When this utility model is in operation, the soil is lifted and transported upward by two bucket elevators, and then falls onto the lifting plate 21 through the discharge pipe 12. During this process, a small amount of soil may fall from both sides of the inclined plate 13, affecting the soil covering effect of the mulch film. Therefore, the retaining plates 20 are set to ensure that all the soil can fall from the inclined plate 13. In actual operation, it was found that the soil collides with the inclined plate 13 when it falls. Meanwhile, as the soil covering device moves forward driven by the traction machine, it will also generate a certain amount of vibration and shaking on the inclined plate 13, which can make the soil more dispersed on the inclined plate 13, thereby improving the uniformity of the thickness of the soil covering the mulch after falling. However, it was found during use that the thickness of the soil on the mulch still had a certain deviation. In order to solve this problem, a lifting plate 21 was set up. There is a certain gap between the lower end of the lifting plate 21 and the inclined plate 13. The soil passes through the gap, and the size of the gap is the thickness of the mulch covering. On the one hand, it can more accurately measure the thickness of the mulch covering, and on the other hand, it can more evenly measure the thickness of the mulch on various parts, thus improving the quality of soil covering.

[0028] Preferably, the vertical slide rail 22 and the lifting plate 21 are connected by bolts. The soil cover thickness is adjusted by moving the lifting plate 21 up and down. After the height of the lifting plate 21 is determined, the bolts can be tightened to fix the height of the lifting plate 21. In actual use, other structural forms can also be selected, as long as the lifting plate 21 can be fixed firmly without affecting the up and down adjustment of the lifting plate 21.

[0029] The lower ends of both sides of the lifting plate 21 are machined with openings 23. In use, soil passes through the gap between the lower end of the lifting plate 21 and the inclined plate 13 to cover the surface of the mulch film. Placing the openings 23 on both sides of the lifting plate 21 allows more soil to pass through, serving two purposes: firstly, the soil excavated by the hopper 14 contains large clumps that, due to their size, cannot pass through the gap between the lower end of the lifting plate 21 and the inclined plate 13, potentially causing blockage and affecting the normal descent of the soil. The openings 23 address this issue. Subsequently, these relatively large soil clods will continuously roll under the action of vibration or shaking. When they roll to the opening 23, they will fall from the opening 23, preventing large soil clods from affecting the normal falling of the soil. Secondly, when covering the soil with plastic film, the sides of the plastic film are often easily lifted by the wind, and the sides of the plastic film are also more likely to fall off. In order to address this situation, after setting up the opening 23, more soil can fall from the opening 23, thereby allowing more soil to accumulate on both sides of the plastic film, ensuring the quality of the soil covering on both sides of the plastic film, and preventing the sides of the plastic film from being lifted by the wind and falling off.

Claims

1. A hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting, comprising a frame (1) and wheels (2) arranged on both sides of the frame (1), wherein a planting and fertilization mechanism (3), a film-covering mechanism (4) and a soil-covering mechanism are arranged sequentially from front to back on the frame (1), characterized in that: The soil covering mechanism includes bucket elevators symmetrically arranged on both sides of the frame (1). The bucket elevator includes a housing (5) and bucket lifting components (6) arranged inside the housing (5). The two bucket lifting components (6) are connected by an upper rotating shaft (7) and a lower rotating shaft (8). A passive sprocket (9) is provided on the upper rotating shaft (7). An active sprocket (10) is provided on the axle of the traveling wheel (2). The active sprocket (10) and the passive sprocket (9) are connected by a chain (11). The lower end of the housing (5) is an open structure. The lower end of the bucket lifting component (6) extends downward to the outside of the housing (5). A feed pipe (12) is provided on the upper part of the housing (5). The lower end of the feed pipe (12) is inclined toward the center of the frame (1). An inclined plate (13) is provided on the frame (1) below the feed pipe (12). The lower end of the inclined plate (13) faces the rear side of the frame (1).

2. The hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The bottom of the feed pipe (12) is provided with multiple soil dropping holes (15) at intervals.

3. The hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame (1) includes a front frame and a rear frame, which are rotatably connected by a hinge. The walking wheels (2) and the sowing and fertilizing mechanism (3) are installed on the front frame, and the mulching mechanism (4) and the soil covering mechanism are installed on the rear frame. A gantry frame is provided at the front end of the front frame, and a hydraulic rod (16) is provided between the upper part of the gantry frame and the rear frame.

4. The hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The upper end of the bucket (14) of the bucket lifting component (6) is provided with digging teeth (17).

5. A hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: A crossbar (18) is provided on the frame (1) below the inclined plate (13). A spring (19) is provided between the crossbar (18) and the bottom of the inclined plate (13). The upper end of the inclined plate (13) is rotatably connected to the housing (5) through a hinge.

6. A hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inclined plate (13) is provided with triangular retaining plates (20) on both sides, and a lifting plate (21) is provided at the lower part between the retaining plates (20). The two sides of the lifting plate (21) are slidably connected to the two retaining plates (20) through vertical slide rails (22).

7. A hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The vertical slide rail (22) and the lifting plate (21) are connected by bolts.

8. A hopper-type film-covered soil device for potato planting according to claim 6, characterized in that: The lower ends of both sides of the lifting plate (21) are machined with openings (23).

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