A tunnel model device for simulating a canyon crosswind environment
By designing a tunnel model device with adjustable slope and simulating crosswinds in canyons, the problem that existing tunnel fire test devices cannot accurately simulate airflow patterns under different slopes has been solved, achieving efficient and low-cost fire experiments and enhancing the repeatability and reliability of experimental results.
Patent Information
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Utility models(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- SHANDONG JIANZHU UNIV
- Filing Date
- 2025-05-27
- Publication Date
- 2026-06-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing tunnel fire experimental devices cannot accurately simulate airflow patterns under different slopes, resulting in poor repeatability and reliability of experimental results. Furthermore, full-scale experiments are costly and difficult to operate.
A tunnel model device was designed, comprising an I-beam frame, a rotating component, a height adjustment mechanism, and a crosswind simulation mechanism. By adjusting the slope of the I-beam frame and simulating the crosswind environment of a canyon, the slope of the tunnel model can be flexibly adjusted and the real wind environment can be simulated.
It improves the repeatability and reliability of fire experiments, reduces experimental costs, provides an efficient small-size experimental platform, and provides precise experimental conditions for tunnel fire research.
Smart Images
Figure CN224417415U_ABST
Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] This utility model belongs to the field of fire simulation technology, and in particular relates to a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons. Background Technology
[0002] With the increasing demand for railway transportation in complex terrain areas, especially the construction of railway tunnels in plateau and mountainous regions, this trend highlights the urgent need for in-depth research into tunnel construction technologies. However, existing full-scale fire experiments involve high human and material costs and are subject to interference from various external factors, making it difficult to precisely control experimental conditions and resulting in poor reproducibility, thus making them very difficult to implement. In contrast, small-scale experiments are not only simple to operate and low in cost, but also have good experimental reproducibility while ensuring high reliability, making them an important alternative method in research.
[0003] To more realistically simulate tunnel fires, existing technologies typically employ inclined tunnel devices with a fixed slope. However, tunnels with different slopes cause significant differences in airflow patterns; therefore, experimental devices with a fixed slope cannot accurately reflect the real-world conditions of tunnel fires at different slopes in actual environments.
[0004] To address this issue, a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons is provided, thus resolving the aforementioned problems. Utility Model Content
[0005] The purpose of this invention is to provide a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons, thereby solving the problems existing in the prior art.
[0006] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons, including an I-beam frame. Multiple rotating components are arranged at the bottom of the I-beam frame, with one rotating component at one end connected to a fixed support. The remaining rotating components are all connected to height adjustment mechanisms. The slope of the I-beam frame is adjusted via these multiple height adjustment mechanisms. A tunnel model is fixedly mounted on the I-beam frame. A baffle is provided at the end of the tunnel model away from the fixed support, and a crosswind simulation mechanism is provided on the side closest to the baffle.
[0007] Preferably, the rotating assembly includes a rotating shaft, both ends of which are fixedly fitted with bearings, and the bearings are connected to the I-beam frame through bearing seats.
[0008] Preferably, bearing seats are installed on both sides of the top end of the fixed bracket, bearings are installed inside the bearing seats, and the two ends of the rotating shaft are respectively sleeved on the bearings.
[0009] Preferably, the height adjustment mechanism includes two sets of height adjustment components, which are respectively located at both ends of the rotating shaft. The height adjustment components are monkey-climbing pole type jacks.
[0010] Preferably, a climbing pole fixing table is provided at the bottom end of the height adjustment mechanism located at the end of the I-beam away from the fixed support.
[0011] Preferably, the crosswind simulation mechanism includes an axial flow fan, the air outlet of the axial flow fan is provided with a shroud, and a flow stabilizing component is provided inside the shroud.
[0012] Preferably, the flow stabilizing component includes a circular tube fixedly connected inside the shroud, the circular tube being arranged along the length of the shroud, and a plurality of the circular tubes forming a rectangular array.
[0013] Preferably, a support frame is provided below the axial flow fan, and the support frame is used to adjust the height of the axial flow fan.
[0014] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following advantages and technical effects:
[0015] This invention provides a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons. Multiple height adjustment mechanisms allow for adjustment of the slope of the I-beam frame, thereby regulating the slope of the tunnel model. The crosswind simulation mechanism further enhances the simulation of realistic canyon crosswind environments. This flexible adjustment method provides more realistic experimental conditions for fire research, improving the repeatability and reliability of experimental results.
[0016] This invention features lower experimental costs and higher experimental reproducibility. Compared to traditional full-scale experiments, it enables more efficient fire simulation experiments, making it particularly suitable for small-scale experimental platforms in tunnel fire research. The implementation of this device can also provide a more precise experimental platform for tunnel fire research, offering a scientific basis for tunnel design and fire prevention. Attached Figure Description
[0017] To more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of this utility model or the prior art, the drawings used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of this utility model. For those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without creative effort.
[0018] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons, as proposed in this utility model.
[0019] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the connection between the fixed bracket and the I-beam frame in this utility model;
[0020] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the lifting mechanism in this utility model;
[0021] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the crosswind simulation mechanism in this utility model;
[0022] The components include: 1. Fixed bracket; 2. Rotating assembly; 3. I-beam frame; 5. Climbing pole fixed table; 6. Bearing; 7. Rotating shaft; 8. Bearing seat; 12. Monkey climbing pole jack; 13. Tunnel segment; 14. Baffle; 15. Axial flow fan; 16. Support frame; 17. Air cover; 18. Circular pipe. Detailed Implementation
[0023] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.
[0024] To make the above-mentioned objectives, features and advantages of this utility model more apparent and understandable, the utility model will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
[0025] Reference Figures 1 to 4 As shown, this utility model provides a tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons, including an I-beam frame 3. Multiple rotating components 2 are provided at the bottom of the I-beam frame 3. One rotating component 2 located at one end of the I-beam frame 3 is connected to a fixed support 1, and the remaining rotating components 2 are all connected to height adjustment mechanisms. The slope of the I-beam frame 3 is adjusted by multiple height adjustment mechanisms. A tunnel model is fixedly installed on the I-beam frame 3. A baffle 14 is provided at the end of the tunnel model away from the fixed support 1, and a crosswind simulation mechanism is provided on the side close to the baffle 14.
[0026] In this embodiment, the tunnel model consists of multiple tunnel segments 13, which are fastened together by bolts, facilitating quick disassembly and reassembly and easy adjustments during experiments. Secondly, the modular design facilitates maintenance and repair; if a tunnel segment 13 malfunctions, only the damaged module needs to be replaced, without dismantling the entire system. This reduces maintenance costs and time, significantly improving experimental efficiency. Furthermore, the modular tunnel segments are small and lightweight, avoiding the problems of storing and transporting the entire tunnel, thus saving space. The modular design of the tunnel model allows for flexible adjustment of the tunnel length according to different experimental needs without requiring the reconstruction of the entire tunnel.
[0027] The I-beam frame 3 has bending stiffness and can more effectively resist deformation and maintain the overall stability of the structure when subjected to bending loads. Compared with a structure with only one plane, in the case of achieving the same bearing capacity, the I-beam uses less material and is lighter in weight, achieving lightweight while maintaining high strength.
[0028] A ventilation opening is provided in the middle of the baffle 14, and the whole is in a square shape with a hole in the middle, and it is welded to the port of the tunnel model at the end far from the fixed bracket 1, and its position and angle change with the adjustment of the tunnel slope. Therefore, the natural wind from the outside can be guided and transformed into a cross wind in the canyon, making the experimental environment more in line with the real canyon wind environment. In an actual canyon, the wind is affected by factors such as rocks and terrain, changing the way the wind flows, especially the wind direction and wind speed. By simulating this terrain effect, the baffle 14 can reproduce the impact of the cross wind on the tunnel in the experiment.
[0029] The slope of the I-beam frame 3 can be adjusted by a set of height adjustment mechanisms, and then the slope of the tunnel model can be adjusted. The cross-wind simulation mechanism can simulate a more realistic cross-wind environment in the canyon. This flexible adjustment method provides more realistic experimental conditions for fire research and enhances the repeatability and reliability of experimental results.
[0030] The utility model has a low experimental cost and high experimental reproducibility. Compared with traditional full-scale experiments, it can conduct fire simulation experiments more efficiently and is especially suitable for small-scale test platforms in tunnel fire research. The implementation of this device can also provide a more accurate experimental platform for the research of tunnel fires and provide a scientific basis for tunnel design and fire prevention and control.
[0031] Furthermore, the rotating component 2 includes a rotating shaft 7. Both ends of the rotating shaft 7 are fixedly sleeved with bearings 6, and the bearings 6 are connected to the I-beam frame 3 through bearing seats.
[0032] Furthermore, bearing seats 8 are installed on both sides of the top end of the fixed bracket 1. Bearings 6 are installed inside the bearing seats 8, and both ends of the rotating shaft 7 are respectively sleeved on the bearings 6.
[0033] Furthermore, the height adjustment mechanism includes two sets of height adjustment components. The two height adjustment components are respectively arranged at both ends of the rotating shaft 7, and the height adjustment component is a monkey-climbing rod type jack 12.
[0034] It should be noted that the monkey-climbing rod type jack 12 is a commercially available part and is an existing technology, and its specific working principle will not be elaborated here.
[0035] Furthermore, a climbing rod fixing table 5 is provided at the bottom end of the height adjustment mechanism at the end of the I-beam frame 3 far from the fixed bracket 1.
[0036] Furthermore, the crosswind simulation mechanism includes an axial flow fan 15, with a hood 17 installed at the air outlet of the axial flow fan 15, and a flow stabilizing component installed inside the hood 17.
[0037] The function of the axial flow fan 15 is to provide a stable airflow, simulating the conditions of natural wind in the outside world, and the wind speed can be adjusted by a frequency converter.
[0038] Furthermore, the flow stabilization component includes a circular tube 18 fixedly connected inside the shroud 17. The circular tube 18 is arranged along the length of the shroud 17, and multiple circular tubes 18 are arranged in a rectangular array.
[0039] The airflow generated by the axial fan 15 is guided to a specific direction by the shroud 17, reducing airflow turbulence. The shroud 17 helps to avoid airflow instability or local turbulence, thereby providing stable wind speed and direction and providing reliable airflow conditions for subsequent experiments. The circular pipe 18 reduces the wind speed fluctuations blown out by the shroud 17, making the airflow more stable. This helps the airflow in the experimental environment reach a more uniform and stable state, reducing errors in the experiment.
[0040] Furthermore, a support frame 16 is provided below the axial flow fan 15, which is used to adjust the height of the axial flow fan 15.
[0041] In this embodiment, the support frame 16 includes a rectangular frame and a tabletop detachably connected to the rectangular frame. Multiple adjustment holes are evenly spaced on the edge of the rectangular frame. The tabletop is detachably connected to the rectangular frame by bolts passing through the adjustment holes. The height of the tabletop can be adjusted by installing it in different adjustment holes.
[0042] The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons provided by this utility model works as follows: In use, the fixed support 1 is fixed to the ground with expansion bolts. Then, the height adjustment mechanisms at different positions on the I-beam 3 are adjusted to adjust the slope of the I-beam 3 according to experimental requirements. Subsequently, tunnel segments 13 are assembled according to the required length and installed on the I-beam 3. The axial flow fan 15 is started and the wind speed is adjusted. Ignition points are then set at different locations on the tunnel segments 13 according to the required fire source locations for different experiments. Thermocouples are placed at locations where temperature monitoring is needed, with the other end of the thermocouples connected to a data acquisition instrument to collect temperature data. Alternatively, a smoke bomb can be lit near the fire source, and a tracer laser can be placed at the entrance of the tunnel segment 13 near the fixed support 1 to clearly observe the movement of smoke in the tunnel.
[0043] In the description of this utility model, it should be understood that the terms "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are only for the convenience of describing this utility model and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on this utility model.
[0044] The above are merely preferred embodiments of this application, but the scope of protection of this application is not limited thereto. Any variations or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in this application should be included within the scope of protection of this application.
Claims
1. A tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons, characterized in that, The structure includes an I-beam frame (3), with multiple rotating components (2) at the bottom end of the I-beam frame (3). One rotating component (2) at one end of the I-beam frame (3) is connected to a fixed support (1), and the remaining rotating components (2) are connected to height adjustment mechanisms. The slope of the I-beam frame (3) is adjusted by the multiple height adjustment mechanisms. A tunnel model is fixedly installed on the I-beam frame (3). A baffle (14) is provided at the end of the tunnel model away from the fixed support (1), and a crosswind simulation mechanism is provided on the side close to the baffle (14).
2. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating assembly (2) includes a rotating shaft (7), and bearings (6) are fixedly sleeved at both ends of the rotating shaft (7). The bearings (6) are connected to the I-beam frame (3) through bearing seats.
3. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 2, characterized in that, The top two sides of the fixed bracket (1) are equipped with bearing seats (8), and bearings (6) are installed inside the bearing seats (8). The two ends of the rotating shaft (7) are respectively sleeved on the bearings (6).
4. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 2, characterized in that, The height adjustment mechanism includes two sets of height adjustment components, which are respectively located at both ends of the rotating shaft (7). The height adjustment components are monkey-climbing pole type jacks (12).
5. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 1, characterized in that, A climbing pole fixing table (5) is provided at the bottom end of the height adjustment mechanism located at the end of the I-beam (3) away from the fixed support (1).
6. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 1, characterized in that, The crosswind simulation mechanism includes an axial flow fan (15), and the air outlet of the axial flow fan (15) is provided with a hood (17), and a flow stabilizing component is provided inside the hood (17).
7. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 6, characterized in that, The flow stabilization component includes a circular tube (18) fixedly connected inside the shroud (17). The circular tube (18) is arranged along the length of the shroud (17), and a plurality of the circular tubes (18) are arranged in a rectangular array.
8. The tunnel model device for simulating crosswind environments in canyons according to claim 6, characterized in that, A support frame (16) is provided below the axial flow fan (15), and the support frame (16) is used to adjust the height of the axial flow fan (15).