A device for detecting deformation of an underground tunnel

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of detection devices for underground tunnel deformation, it is related to detection device technical field, comprising: total station, temporarily set up or fixed installation in tunnel, to emit detection light;Mounting bracket, fixed in tunnel;Mirror seat, detachably connected to one end of mounting bracket;Reflecting prism, embedded and installed in the middle of mirror seat, for reflecting the detection light that total station shoots;Guide, set in the circumferential direction of the windward side of mirror seat, by setting guide, wind of the windward side of mirror seat is guided to the front side of oblique reflecting prism, so that it and wind that directly impact the front side of prism collide each other;Two air flows interfere and consume energy in front of prism, significantly weaken the air flow impact force that directly acts on prism surface, effectively suppress the prism vibration or displacement caused by air flow, improve measurement stability and precision.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of tunnel detection technology, specifically to a detection device for deformation of underground tunnels. Background Technology

[0002] During tunnel operation, the tunnel lining structure undergoes varying degrees of deformation due to factors such as geological changes, surrounding construction, train vibrations, and the shrinkage and creep of the tunnel materials themselves. To ensure tunnel structural safety and prevent disasters such as collapse and cracking, long-term high-precision deformation monitoring of the tunnel cross-section is necessary. Polar coordinate measurement using a total station in conjunction with reflective prisms is currently a common method for tunnel deformation monitoring. By deploying reflective prisms as monitoring points on the tunnel lining and periodically collecting prism coordinate changes using a total station, the tunnel deformation pattern can be analyzed.

[0003] However, the unique environment inside tunnels presents several challenges for existing monitoring technologies in practical applications. Vehicle traffic generates strong gusts of wind, and the continuous operation of mechanical ventilation systems further contributes to airflow within the tunnel. When this high-speed airflow directly impacts exposed reflective prisms, it causes high-frequency, micro-amplitude vibrations. Although these vibrations are small, prolonged exposure can lead to prism wobbling or damage, reducing the target aiming accuracy of the total station and resulting in vibration noise in the measurement data. In severe cases, this can cause coordinate errors to reach the millimeter level, making it difficult to meet the high-precision requirements of tunnel deformation monitoring and thus presenting certain limitations. Utility Model Content

[0004] In view of the shortcomings of the existing technology, this utility model provides a detection device for deformation of underground tunnels.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of this utility model is as follows:

[0006] A device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels, comprising:

[0007] A total station is temporarily or permanently installed inside a tunnel to emit detection light beams.

[0008] Mounting frame, fixed inside the tunnel;

[0009] The mirror mount is detachably connected to one end of the mounting bracket;

[0010] A reflecting prism, embedded in the center of the mount, is used to reflect the detection light emitted by the total station.

[0011] A guide member, disposed circumferentially on the windward side of the mirror mount, the guide member comprising:

[0012] An arc-shaped cover is fixed to the windward side of the mirror base, and the back side of the arc-shaped cover abuts against the mounting bracket.

[0013] An extension is provided on the inner circumference of the arc-shaped cover and is located on the guide path of the arc-shaped cover at the highest point inside the tunnel;

[0014] The guide is used to guide the wind from the windward side to the front side of the reflective prism at an angle, so as to form an energy-dissipating structure for impact with the wind from the front side of the reflective prism, and the extension is used to form a guiding structure for dirt above the reflective prism.

[0015] Preferably, the mounting frame has an abutment groove for the arc-shaped cover to abut against. The abutment groove is located at the position of the mounting frame corresponding to the arc-shaped cover, and the shape of the abutment groove matches the shape of the arc-shaped cover to disperse the force transmitted by the wind pressure on the arc-shaped cover.

[0016] Preferably, it further includes a plurality of spiral blades, which are spaced apart within the concave surface of the arc-shaped cover; the distance between adjacent spiral blades gradually decreases in the direction of airflow within them, so as to form an acceleration structure for guiding the wind.

[0017] Preferably, the extension is a circular oblique piece, and the tilt angle of the circular oblique piece is adapted to the tangent angle of the arc-shaped hood outlet.

[0018] Preferably, the cross-section of the arc-shaped cover is circular or parabolic, and the air outlet of the arc-shaped cover points to the central axis of the reflective prism.

[0019] Preferably, the mirror mount is detachably connected to the mounting bracket via fastening bolts, and threaded holes are provided at the corresponding fastening bolt positions on both the mounting bracket and the mirror mount.

[0020] Preferably, there is a gap between the inner edge of the extension and the outer edge of the reflective prism, which forms a channel for the dirt to fall.

[0021] Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows:

[0022] 1. This utility model, by setting a guide, guides the incoming air from the windward side of the mirror base to the front side of the oblique reflecting prism, so that it collides with the incoming air that directly impacts the front side of the prism; the two airflows interfere and dissipate energy in front of the prism, which significantly weakens the impact force of the airflow directly acting on the prism surface, effectively suppresses the vibration or displacement of the prism caused by the airflow, and improves the measurement stability and accuracy.

[0023] 2. The arc-shaped cover in the guide, together with the spiral blades with gradually varying spacing in its concave surface, can accelerate the incoming air and form a rotating airflow. This will cause the gas near the reflector to rotate and generate a sweeping effect, which not only further consumes the airflow energy of the incoming air, but also blows away some of the dust that has been attached, thus playing a self-cleaning role. Attached Figure Description

[0024] The disclosure of this utility model is illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings. It should be understood that the drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of this utility model. In the drawings, the same reference numerals are used to refer to the same parts. Wherein:

[0025] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional structural schematic diagram of the device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to this utility model;

[0026] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the exploded structure of the device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to this utility model;

[0027] Figure 3 This is a front view of the device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to this utility model;

[0028] Figure 4 This utility model relates to a device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels. Figure 3 AA section view in the middle;

[0029] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the wind direction structure of the detection device for deformation of underground tunnels according to this utility model;

[0030] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the spiral blade configuration structure of the detection device for deformation of underground tunnels according to this utility model.

[0031] The diagram shows the following labels: 1. Mounting bracket; 2. Mirror base; 3. Reflecting prism; 4. Guide component; 41. Arc-shaped cover; 42. Extension; 43. Spiral blade; 5. Abutment groove; 6. Fastening bolt; 7. Threaded hole. Detailed Implementation

[0032] It is readily understood that, based on the technical solution of this utility model, those skilled in the art can propose various interchangeable structural methods and implementations without altering the essential spirit of this utility model. Therefore, the following detailed embodiments and accompanying drawings are merely illustrative descriptions of the technical solution of this utility model and should not be considered as the entirety of this utility model or as limitations or restrictions on the technical solution of this utility model.

[0033] Example

[0034] like Figure 1-6As shown, a device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels includes a total station (not shown), a mounting frame 1, a mirror base 2, a reflecting prism 3, and a guide 4. The total station, depending on the actual needs of tunnel deformation monitoring, is temporarily erected on a tripod or fixed to the tunnel sidewall or top using supports. It emits detection light towards the monitoring point and receives reflected light, a technique already known. The mounting frame 1 is a rod-shaped or plate-shaped structure made of metal or high-strength engineering plastic, and its base is fixed to the tunnel lining surface using expansion bolts or similar methods. The mirror base 2 is roughly disc-shaped or cup-shaped, with one end detachably connected to the free end of the mounting frame 1. The reflecting prism 3 is precisely embedded and fixed in a groove in the middle of the mirror base 2, with its reflective surface facing the total station, for efficient reflection of the detection light.

[0035] Specifically, the guide 4 is disposed on the windward side of the mirror base 2. Here, "windward side" refers to the side where the main airflow direction in the tunnel (such as piston wind or airflow generated by the ventilation system) first contacts the mirror base 2. The guide 4 includes an arc-shaped cover 41 and an extension 42. The arc-shaped cover 41 is a curved thin-shell structure, its root fixed to the windward peripheral edge of the mirror base 2, its main body extending outward and bending, and its end (i.e., the air outlet) pointing towards the central axis of the reflective prism 3.

[0036] Preferably, the cross-section of the arc-shaped cover 41 is circular or parabolic (see...). Figure 4 This facilitates smooth airflow guidance. The back side of the arc-shaped cover 41 intersects and abuts against the mounting bracket 1, forming a stable support relationship. The extension 42 is disposed on the inner circumference of the arc-shaped cover 41, specifically located on the airflow guidance path at the highest point of the inner wall of the arc-shaped cover 41 within the tunnel. The guide 4 is used to guide the windward airflow to the front side of the oblique reflector prism 3, thereby forming an energy-dissipating structure for impact with the windflow from the front side of the reflector prism 3; simultaneously, the extension 42 is used to form a guiding structure for dirt above the reflector prism 3.

[0037] Specifically, when the main airflow is generated in the tunnel and moves towards the front of the reflective prism 3, the arc-shaped cover 41 of the guide 4 captures a portion of the lateral or peripheral auxiliary airflow and guides it along the arc-shaped inner wall, ultimately blowing it obliquely from the air outlet towards the front of the reflective prism 3. This guided auxiliary airflow meets the main airflow that directly impacts the reflective prism 3 in front of the prism. The two airflows intersect, resulting in momentum exchange and turbulent dissipation, forming an impact energy dissipation structure, thereby significantly reducing the dynamic pressure acting on the surface of the reflective prism 3. At the same time, the extension 42 changes the airflow pattern above the prism and provides a physical guiding surface, allowing dust or water droplets falling on it to be guided away from the core area of ​​the reflective prism 3 under the action of gravity or airflow drag force, thus playing a role in guiding dirt. Furthermore, the extension 42 is located outside the detection range of the reflective prism 3.

[0038] Furthermore, to improve wind resistance and structural reliability, this embodiment also optimizes the connection structure between the mounting bracket 1 and the arc-shaped cover 41. Please continue to refer to... Figure 1 and Figure 2 The mounting frame 1 has an abutment groove 5 for the arc-shaped cover 41 to abut. The abutment groove 5 is located at the position of the mounting frame 1 corresponding to the arc-shaped cover 41, and the shape of the abutment groove 5 matches the shape of the arc-shaped cover 41. When the arc-shaped cover 41 is subjected to wind force, its back side is tightly pressed against the abutment groove 5. The abutment groove 5, through its contoured curved surface, disperses the concentrated force transmitted from the arc-shaped cover 41 into a distributed force acting on a larger area of ​​the mounting frame 1, effectively avoiding local stress concentration, thereby improving the fatigue life and structural stability of the device under long-term wind load.

[0039] Furthermore, to enhance the efficiency of airflow guidance and self-cleaning capability, this embodiment adds an acceleration structure within the concave surface of the arc-shaped cover 41. Please refer to... Figure 4 This embodiment also includes multiple spiral blades 43, which are spaced apart within the concave surface of the arc-shaped cover 41. The distance between adjacent spiral blades 43 gradually decreases in the flow direction of the internal airflow, thereby forming an accelerating structure that guides the airflow. When the airflow is captured from the wide inlet of the arc-shaped cover 41 and flows inward along the channel between the spiral blades 43, the airflow velocity gradually increases due to the gradually decreasing flow cross-sectional area, and it is ejected at high speed from the outlet. The accelerated airflow can not only more effectively collide with the main airflow to dissipate energy, but also form a rotating sweep on the surface of the reflective prism 3, producing a stronger self-cleaning effect, blowing away or peeling away dust adhering to the mirror surface.

[0040] Furthermore, to ensure the accuracy of airflow guidance and the reliability of dirt guidance, this embodiment defines the structure and installation gap of the extension 42. The extension 42 is preferably a circular oblique plate, and the inclination angle of this circular oblique plate matches the tangential angle of the air outlet of the arc-shaped cover 41, allowing the airflow leaving the arc-shaped cover 41 to flow smoothly along the guiding direction of the extension 42, reducing energy loss. Simultaneously, a gap is maintained between the inner edge of the extension 42 and the outer edge of the reflective prism 3, forming a dirt falling channel. Dust or water droplets fall naturally through this channel under the action of airflow or gravity, preventing secondary accumulation of dirt at the joint between the mirror base 2 and the reflective prism 3.

[0041] Furthermore, to facilitate on-site maintenance and replacement, this embodiment specifically defines the connection method between the mirror base 2 and the mounting bracket 1. The mirror base 2 is detachably connected to the mounting bracket 1 via fastening bolts 6, and threaded holes 7 are provided at the positions corresponding to the fastening bolts 6 on both the mounting bracket 1 and the mirror base 2. When maintenance or replacement of the reflective prism 3 is required, the mirror base 2 and the reflective prism 3 can be removed together simply by loosening the fastening bolts 6. The operation is convenient and does not require disassembling the mounting bracket 1, significantly reducing subsequent operating costs.

[0042] Airflow Management and Vibration Resistance: Vehicle traffic or ventilation systems within the tunnel generate continuous or intermittent airflow. Direct impact on the reflector prism 3 causes high-frequency, low-amplitude vibrations, leading to measurement errors in the total station. This device uses guide elements 4 to dissipate energy from airflow impacts, effectively suppressing vibration.

[0043] Airflow diversion and guidance: When the main airflow rushes towards the reflective prism 3 along the tunnel axis, the arc-shaped cover 41 in the guide 4 installed on the windward side of the prism base 2 captures a portion of the airflow that was originally acting on the periphery of the prism. The curved thin-shell structure of the arc-shaped cover 41 smoothly guides this airflow into its inner wall and directs it in a specific direction, finally blowing it at an oblique angle from its end towards the front of the reflective prism 3.

[0044] Impact energy dissipation mechanism: The auxiliary airflow guided by the arc-shaped cover 41 meets the main airflow that directly impacts the reflective prism 3 in a specific area in front of the prism. The two intersecting airflows undergo intense momentum exchange and turbulent mixing, forming an impact energy dissipation structure. This process converts the linear kinetic energy of the airflow into turbulent internal energy and dissipates it, thereby significantly reducing the dynamic pressure acting on the surface of the reflective prism 3 and weakening the direct impact force of the airflow on the prism.

[0045] Airflow acceleration and rotational sweeping: Multiple spiral blades 43 are spaced apart within the concave surface of the arc-shaped cover 41, and the distance between adjacent spiral blades 43 gradually decreases along the flow direction of the internal airflow, forming an acceleration structure. As the airflow is captured at the wide inlet of the arc-shaped cover 41 and flows inward along the channel between the spiral blades 43, the airflow velocity gradually increases due to the gradually decreasing cross-sectional area, eventually being ejected at high speed from the outlet. This high-speed airflow not only more effectively impacts and dissipates energy with the main airflow but also forms a rotational sweep on the surface of the reflective prism 3, enhancing the self-cleaning effect.

[0046] Self-cleaning and contaminant guidance: Dust, water droplets, and other contaminants adhering to the reflective prism 3 inside the tunnel reduce its reflection efficiency. This device achieves self-cleaning through physical guidance and airflow dragging.

[0047] The guiding function of the extension: The extension 42 in the guide 4 is located on the airflow guiding path at the high point of the inner circumference of the arc-shaped cover 41. When the accelerated airflow passes by, the extension 42 further optimizes the airflow pattern above the reflective prism 3 and provides a physical guiding slope.

[0048] Contaminant Separation and Discharge: Dust and water droplets falling on the extension 42 or the reflective prism 3 are naturally discharged along the gap between the inner edge of the extension 42 and the outer edge of the reflective prism 3 under the combined action of gravity, airflow drag, and the guidance of the inclined surface of the extension 42. This gap forms a contaminant discharge channel, preventing secondary accumulation of contaminants at the joint between the mirror base 2 and the reflective prism 3. Meanwhile, the extension 42 is located outside the detection range of the reflective prism 3 and does not affect the measurement.

[0049] Structural stability and fatigue resistance: To cope with long-term wind loads, the device underwent mechanical optimization of key connections.

[0050] Stress dispersion design: The mounting frame 1 has an abutment groove 5 that precisely matches the shape of the back side of the arc-shaped cover 41. When the arc-shaped cover 41 is subjected to wind force, its back side is tightly pressed against the abutment groove 5. This contoured curved surface disperses the concentrated force transmitted from the arc-shaped cover 41 into a distributed force acting on a larger area of ​​the mounting frame 1, effectively avoiding local stress concentration.

[0051] Improved fatigue life: By dispersing stress, the fatigue resistance and structural stability of the device under long-term pulsating wind load are significantly improved, preventing the installation frame 1 or the connection from breaking due to long-term stress concentration.

[0052] Convenient maintenance principle: Considering the convenience of on-site operation, the device adopts modular connection: detachable mirror base: the mirror base 2 is detachably connected to the mounting bracket 1 by fastening bolts 6. The mounting bracket 1 and the mirror base 2 are provided with threaded holes 7 at the corresponding fastening bolts 6 positions. When it is necessary to maintain or replace the reflective prism 3, simply loosen the fastening bolts 6 to remove the mirror base 2 together with the reflective prism 3.

[0053] Low operating costs: The entire process does not require disassembling the mounting frame1 fixed to the tunnel lining, making operation convenient and significantly reducing the difficulty of later maintenance and operating costs.

[0054] The core innovation of this device lies in: utilizing the harmful airflow within the tunnel itself, and through aerodynamic design such as guidance, acceleration, and impact energy dissipation of the airflow through structures such as guide component 4, arc-shaped cover 41, and spiral plate 43, converting it into the power for stabilizing and cleaning the reflective prism 3; at the same time, combined with the stress dispersion structure of the abutment groove 5 and the modular design of the fastening bolts 6, it achieves high-precision, high-reliability, and easy-to-maintain tunnel deformation monitoring in harsh airflow environments; the total station emits and receives light towards this stable and clean reflective prism 3, thereby obtaining accurate data on the coordinate changes of the monitoring points for analysis of tunnel deformation.

[0055] The arc-shaped cover 41 in the guide 4 captures and guides the airflow that axially impacts the reflective prism 3 in the tunnel, causing the auxiliary airflow and the main airflow to cross and mix in turbulence in front of the prism. This converts the kinetic energy of the airflow into internal energy and dissipates it, thereby significantly reducing the dynamic pressure acting on the surface of the reflective prism 3, effectively suppressing the high-frequency micro-amplitude vibration caused by the airflow, and ensuring the measurement accuracy of the total station.

[0056] By arranging multiple spiral blades 43 at intervals in the concave surface of the arc-shaped cover 41, and gradually reducing the distance between adjacent spiral blades 43 along the flow direction of the internal airflow, an acceleration structure is formed, which gradually increases the speed of the airflow during the flow process. The high-speed ejected airflow can not only more effectively collide with the main airflow to dissipate energy, but also drive the airflow near the reflective prism 3 to rotate, forming a rotating sweep, which enhances the self-cleaning effect.

[0057] The extension 42 in the guide member 4 is set on the airflow guidance path on the inner periphery of the arc-shaped cover 41 at the high point in the tunnel. Utilizing its physical guiding slope, combined with gravity and airflow drag force, dust and water droplets falling on the extension 42 or the reflective prism 3 naturally fall along the gap between the inner edge of the extension 42 and the outer edge of the reflective prism 3, forming a dirt falling channel. This avoids secondary accumulation of dirt at the joint between the mirror base 2 and the reflective prism 3. Furthermore, the extension 42 is located outside the detection range of the reflective prism 3 and does not affect the measurement.

[0058] By creating an abutment groove 5 on the mounting frame 1 that precisely matches the shape of the back side of the arc-shaped cover 41, the back side of the arc-shaped cover 41 is tightly pressed against the abutment groove 5 when subjected to wind force. The concentrating force is dispersed into a distributed force acting on a larger area of ​​the mounting frame 1 by using the contoured curved surface, avoiding local stress concentration, thereby significantly improving the fatigue resistance and structural stability of the device under long-term pulsating wind load, and preventing the mounting frame 1 or the connection from breaking due to fatigue.

[0059] The mirror base 2 and the mounting frame 1 are detachably connected by fastening bolts 6. Threaded holes 7 are opened at corresponding positions on the mounting frame 1 and the mirror base 2. When maintaining or replacing the reflective prism 3, the mirror base 2 and the reflective prism 3 can be removed together by simply loosening the fastening bolts 6. There is no need to disassemble the mounting frame 1 fixed on the tunnel lining. The operation is convenient and greatly reduces the difficulty of later maintenance and operating costs.

[0060] The technical scope of this utility model is not limited to the content described above. Those skilled in the art can make various modifications and variations to the above embodiments without departing from the technical concept of this utility model, and all such modifications and variations should fall within the protection scope of this utility model.

Claims

1. A device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels, characterized in that, include: A total station is temporarily or permanently installed inside a tunnel to emit detection light beams. Mounting bracket (1) is fixed inside the tunnel; The mirror mount (2) is detachably connected to one end of the mounting bracket (1); A reflective prism (3) is embedded in the middle of the mirror base (2) and is used to reflect the detection light emitted by the total station; Guide (4), disposed circumferentially on the windward side of the mirror mount (2), the guide (4) comprising: An arc-shaped cover (41) is fixed to the windward side of the mirror base (2), and the back side of the arc-shaped cover (41) abuts against the mounting bracket (1); An extension (42) is provided on the inner circumference of the arc-shaped cover (41) and is located on the guide path of the arc-shaped cover (41) at the high point of the tunnel. The guide (4) is used to guide the wind from the windward side to the front side of the reflective prism (3) at an angle to form an energy-dissipating structure for impact with the wind from the front side of the reflective prism (3), and the extension (42) is used to form a guide structure for dirt above the reflective prism (3).

2. The device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to claim 1, characterized in that: The mounting bracket (1) is provided with an abutment groove (5) for the arc-shaped cover (41) to abut. The abutment groove (5) is located on the mounting bracket (1) at the position corresponding to the arc-shaped cover (41), and the shape of the abutment groove (5) matches the shape of the arc-shaped cover (41) to disperse the force transmitted by the wind pressure on the arc-shaped cover (41).

3. The device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to claim 2, characterized in that... It also includes multiple spiral blades (43), which are spaced apart within the concave surface of the arc-shaped cover (41); the distance between adjacent spiral blades (43) gradually decreases in the direction of airflow within them, so as to form an acceleration structure for guiding the wind.

4. The device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to claim 3, characterized in that: The extension (42) is a circular oblique piece, and the tilt angle of the circular oblique piece is adapted to the tangent oblique angle of the air outlet of the arc-shaped cover (41).

5. The device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to claim 4, characterized in that: The cross-section of the arc-shaped cover (41) is circular or parabolic, and the air outlet of the arc-shaped cover (41) points to the central axis of the reflective prism (3).

6. The device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to claim 5, characterized in that: The mirror base (2) is detachably connected to the mounting bracket (1) by fastening bolts (6). Both the mounting bracket (1) and the mirror base (2) have threaded holes (7) at the positions corresponding to the fastening bolts (6).

7. The device for detecting deformation in underground tunnels according to claim 6, characterized in that: There is a gap between the inner edge of the extension (42) and the outer edge of the reflective prism (3), which forms a channel for dirt to fall.

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