Portal drive and construction methods for cast-in-place concrete piles

Abstract

The invention provides a portal pile driver and a construction method for cast-in-place concrete piles and relates to the field of pile foundations. The portal pile driver comprises a portal, a support platform, a movement mechanism, and a lifting mechanism. The portal is positioned on one side of the support platform and is equipped with a drive head. The support platform has a loading compartment, and the projection of a central axis of the drive head onto the support platform is in the extension direction of the loading compartment. A movement mechanism is provided on one or both sides of the loading compartment, and several drill rods are distributed horizontally on the movement mechanism. Each drill rod is perpendicular to the plane in which the portal is located. The movement mechanism serves to transport the several drill rods sequentially into the loading compartment. The lifting mechanism comprises a receiving element, which is used to grasp the drill rod.The lifting mechanism serves to move the drill rod from a horizontal to an upright position and to the underside of the drive head. In the portal ram, the interplay of the movement mechanism and the lifting mechanism enables the orderly assembly of the drill rods, and the horizontal distribution of several drill rods on the movement mechanism creates a counterweight for the ram, thus ensuring its stability.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELDThe present invention relates to the technical field of pile foundation, in particular a portal pile and a construction method for in-situ concrete piles.PRIOR ARTPile foundation is among the subprojections of civil engineering, the aim of which is to increase the load-bearing capacity of the natural floor of the building foundation by the introduction of piles to increase the load-bearing capacity or to introduce the load-bearing capacity of the building directly via the piles into the solid and thick floor layer, so that the load-bearing capacity of the building foundation can meet the safety requirements.A pile is a rod of concrete, steel or other load-bearing material which is typically cylindrical or square. In recent years, however, profiled piles with continuous threads, with partial threads or with sections expanded in regions have also been developed. Depending on the construction method, piles are divided into two types: prefabricated piles which are prefabricated outside the construction site and in-situ concrete piles which are produced by drilling and subsequent casting of concrete on the construction site.The machine for producing in situ concrete piles is a pile-driving machine with a hollow drilling tool, with which holes are drilled into the floor of the construction site and which, when the drilling tool is lifted upwards, serves as a channel for the concrete bulk material. With such a drilling tool, concrete (or another bulk material) can be introduced into the piles in one operation. The driving machines are distinguished from one another both in the foreign country and in China: on the one hand, they are traditional rams in which the structural requirements for pile foundation are fulfilled by the length of the support column and the drilling tool of the ram. In operation, the drilling tool of such a pile driver should be perpendicular to the ground and the piles are made by digging and then raising the drilling tool and casting concrete. In this case, the total length of the support column, which is used to support the drilling tool, and of the drilling tool of the pile driver must be greater than the predetermined pile length. On the other hand, it is a pile driver with several additional drill rods which are arranged next to each other on one side of the support column of the pile driver in order to meet the constructional requirements for the pile foundation. In particular, a drill rod with a drill head in the drilling tool is attached to the support column of the ram, wherein one or more additional drill rods are set up next to one another on one side of the main drill rod of the support column of the ram in order to be joined to the main drill rod if the drilling depth is insufficient. The former type of ram is widely used in construction and is taking a wide market, while the latter is a new type of ram which has been developed in recent ten years, such as the rams disclosed in CN216381270U, CN105756060A and CN107023267B.The first type of ram, traditional ram, has not yet exceeded a height of 80 m, since the total length of the support column and the drilling tool of the ram is limited, e.g. the total length of the drilling tool must be 60 m or more if the planned length of the pile foundation is 60 m. Since a rail is also required for pile foundation, which facilitates the lowering and raising of the drilling tool, a longer support column must be provided for the rail. And the drilling tool must be perpendicular to the ground during operation, and besides the drilling tool there is also a drive head on the column with a weight of 10 to 20 tons. This results in a ten meter high pillar structure when a traditional pile driver is operating. When the driving head is at the upper end of the support column, the center of gravity of the entire ram is extremely high and crashes often occur. For this reason, traditional slabs with excessively high supporting columns have meanwhile been prohibited in some areas.Although in the second type of ram, the height of the support column can be reduced by the process of previously uprighting a plurality of drill rods and then assembling them together, thereby reducing the risk of falling, this type of ram is currently mainly used for the production of light small-diameter piles in which the drill rods for pile foundation can often be lifted by a person. In the case of piles having a diameter of 400 mm and more, the requirements imposed on the length and weight of the individual drill rods in the drilling tool correspondingly increase (the weight of the drill rod is more than ten times as high as in the case of the above-mentioned light piles having a small diameter and is between 3 and 6 tons). Although the solution is disclosed in patents CN216381270U, CN1057560A and CN107023267B that the replacement drill rods are set up for use, the drill rods are heavy parts in practice, each set up drill rod weighing several tons, which leads to a high center of gravity of the drilling tools and poor stability, whereby the drilling tools are very susceptible to crashes and injuries. The drilling tools require more strength, material and cost for the ram stand mechanism so that the rams available are difficult to meet the requirements for heavy large diameter piles. Moreover, the structural strength of the ram is also set on a hard sample in heavy drilling tools, since the contact area between the set drilling tools and the body of the ram is small, resulting in a high pressure in the most heavily loaded area.For the second type of ram, CN202688997U discloses a double purpose, long spiral automatic ram which allows to increase the ram depth by 15 m without increasing the height of the ram, but it discloses only a support column mechanism which can be rotated about its axis to facilitate the change between drilling and lowering of the cage and it does not disclose how the drilling tools can be improved and how replacement drill rods can be joined to the main drill rod. CN208950504U discloses a combined power drilling machine in which two sets of power head and drilling tool systems are arranged along the support column in a vertical arrangement. When the first set of drilling tools has reached the entire stroke of the drive head system, the drilling tools are separated from the drive head and then a slider is used to connect the first set of drilling tools to the second set of drive head and drilling tool system to increase the ram depth. In this case, the weight of the top end of the ram increases by the provision of an additional drive head and drilling tool system, which increases the likelihood of a safety crash of the machine. Moreover, the drive head is typically the most expensive part of the ram, and two sets of drive heads no doubt greatly increase the manufacturing cost of the ram. CN209556966U discloses a base apparatus for an automated rig in which an oil conduit is conveyed by a conduit supply mechanism to a mechanical arm and the oil conduit is then raised by the mechanical arm to insert it into a wellbore. In this method, other additional devices are required in order to achieve a constant supply of the oil lines. However, since the oil line is a light-weight component and the drilling tool weighs about 4 to 6 tons with a length of 6 to 8 meters on a ram. If the oil lines are introduced according to the method described therein, i.e. the drilling tools are introduced into the mechanical arm and the borehole in the free fall, the mechanical structure of the ram and the drilling tools are damaged. Moreover, the above-described driving method also requires auxiliary machinery such as a crane and manual labor, which also greatly increases the cost, so that the driving method described in CN209556966U is not suitable for oil lines for heavy pile driving. In order to assure the balance of the ram, CN110939132A provides a counterweight unit with which the upward and downward movement of the oil cylinder can be adjusted to change the filling space of the outer frame of the counterweight unit. The number of counter weights is variable to ensure verticality of the machine. However, adding or removing counter weights is cumbersome, time and labor intensive and requires additional auxiliary machinery, which severely affects the consistency of the pile driving and increases costs.Therefore, for safety and reliability reasons, there is no reliable technique for solving the problem of how stable joining of the drill rods and the stability of slabs with heavy drilling tools can be achieved when a plurality of drill rods are set side by side in advance. Consequently, the smooth joining of the drill rods and the maintenance of stability in rams equipped with heavy drilling tools are still a technical challenge which is difficult to master.CONTENT OF THE PRESENT INVENTIONThe object of the present invention is to provide a portal pile and a construction method for cast-in-situ concrete piles to solve the existing problem of the prior art, in which an existing pile is equipped with several further erected drill rods parallel to a main drill rod on one side of a support column. In the production of heavy piles of large diameter, the weight and length of the individual drill rods must be increased accordingly, which leads to the technical problem that the assembly of the drill rods in the pile driver is difficult and the stability of the pile driver can be ensured only with difficulty.In a first aspect of the present invention there is provided a portal pile comprising a portal, a support platform, a movement arrangement and a lifting arrangement; the portal being located on one side of the support platform, the portal being provided with a drive head which can be raised and lowered, the drive head being detachably connectable to an end of a drill rod moving beneath it; the support platform being provided with a loading space at a location on the side of the portal, the projection of a central axis of the drive head onto the support platform being located in the direction of extension of the loading space; the movement arrangement being located on one or both sides of the loading space, on the movement arrangement a plurality of drill rods being horizontally distributed, each of the drill rods being perpendicular to the plane in which the portal is located; wherein the moving assembly is used to move in a horizontal plane in a direction parallel to the plane of the portal to successively transport the plurality of drill rods into the cargo space; wherein the lifting assembly comprises a receiving member, wherein the receiving member is used to grasp the drill rod at the cargo space, and wherein the lifting assembly is used to rotate relative to the support platform to bring the drill rod, which is grasped by the receiving member, during rotation from the horizontal state to an upright state and move it to the bottom of the drive head.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the movement arrangement comprises a plurality of slide mechanisms, wherein the plurality of slide mechanisms are distributed spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal, wherein the plurality of slide mechanisms are used to hold the plurality of drill rods and to bring the plurality of drill rods into movement; and wherein, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal, the receiving element on the cargo space and the plurality of slide mechanisms are distributed offset.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the sliding mechanism is a telescopic structure and the sliding mechanism serves to move the drill rod held therein up and down during the telescoping operation.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the support platform is provided with a plurality of rails, wherein the plurality of rails are distributed spaced apart from one another in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal, wherein each of the rails extends in the direction parallel to the plane of the portal; and wherein the plurality of sliding mechanisms are slidably connected to the plurality of rails one-to-one.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that each slide mechanism is provided with a first clamping and a second clamping which are spaced apart from one another, wherein the first clampings of the plurality of slide mechanisms are distributed in a same straight line in order to hold the same drill rod, and wherein the second clampings of the plurality of slide mechanisms are distributed in a same straight line in order to hold the same drill rod.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the lifting arrangement comprises a mechanical arm and a lifting drive, wherein the receiving element is a mechanical clamping jaw; wherein the mechanical arm has a joint end and a freely suspended end, wherein the joint end of the mechanical arm is articulated to the support platform and the freely suspended end of the mechanical arm is freely suspended; and wherein the mechanical clamping jaw is attached to the mechanical arm, an output end of the lifting drive is connected to the mechanical arm, the lifting drive is used to set the mechanical arm in rotation with respect to the support platform in order to change the mechanical arm between a horizontal state and an upright state.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the joint end of the mechanical arm is located between the portal and the cargo space, wherein the mechanical clamping jaw is attached to an arm surface of the mechanical arm facing away from the support platform, or that the mechanical clamping jaw is attached to an arm surface of the mechanical arm facing the support platform, and that the support platform is equipped with a rotary disk mechanism, wherein the joint end of the mechanical arm is connected in an articulated manner to the rotary disk mechanism, and wherein the rotary disk mechanism is used for driving the mechanical arm for rotation about a central axis of the mechanical arm as a rotational axis.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the support platform has an extension frame on one side of the portal, wherein the joint end of the mechanical arm is connected in an articulated manner to the extension frame, wherein the mechanical arm can pass through the portal while rotating with respect to the support platform and can then be set up on a side of the portal facing away from the loading space; and wherein the mechanical clamping jaw is attached to the arm surface of the mechanical arm facing the support platform.In one possible embodiment, it is provided that the portal pile driver further comprises a self-aligning counterweight arrangement, a monitoring system and a control system; wherein the self-aligning counterweight arrangement is mounted on a side of the support platform facing away from the portal and the self-aligning counterweight arrangement has a movable portion which is movable in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal; wherein the self-aligning counterweight arrangement and the monitoring system are connected to the control system, wherein the monitoring system is used to monitor changes in weight at the portal of the portal pile driver, and wherein the control system is used to calculate the amount of movement of the movable portion on the basis of the changes in weight monitored by the monitoring system and to drive the movable portion to move in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal.In a second aspect of the present invention there is provided a construction method for in-situ concrete piles for a portal pile according to any of the predetermined embodiments, comprising the steps of: S1: activating the moving arrangement to carry one of the drill rods on the moving arrangement into the cargo space; S2: activating the lifting arrangement to cause the pick-up element to grab the drill rod on the cargo space, and rotating the lifting arrangement after the moving arrangement has been moved away from the cargo space to cause the drill rod gripped by the pick-up element to change from a horizontal state to an upright state and move to the underside of the drive head; S3: connecting the upper end of the drill rod gripped by the receiving element to the drive head and then releasing the drill rod gripped by the receiving element; S4: lowering the drive head to such an extent that the drill rod fastened below the drive head is moved to the upper end of a drill rod driven in in the predetermined pile position of the cast-in-situ concrete piles, and then connecting the lower end of the drill rod fastened below the drive head to the upper end of the driven-in drill rod; S5: further lowering the drive head and activating the drive head in order to set the drill rod fastened below the drive head in rotation, so that it drills into the ground at the predetermined pile position of the cast-in-situ concrete piles; S6: separating the driving head from the drill rod fastened under it and subsequently raising the driving head; S7: repeating steps S1 to S6 in order to connect the plurality of drill rods to one another one after the other on the movement arrangement and to drill the in-situ concrete piles into the ground at the predetermined pile position.A portal pile according to the invention comprises a portal, a support platform, a movement arrangement and a lifting arrangement; the portal being placed on one side of the support platform, the portal being provided with a drive head which can be raised and lowered, the drive head being detachably connectable to one end of a drill rod moving beneath it; the support platform being provided with a loading space at a location on the side of the portal, the projection of a central axis of the drive head onto the support platform being located in the direction of extension of the loading space; the movement arrangement being arranged on one or both sides of the loading space, a plurality of drill rods being horizontally distributed on the movement arrangement, each of the drill rods being perpendicular to the plane in which the portal is located; wherein the moving assembly is used to move in a horizontal plane in a direction parallel to the plane of the portal to successively transport the plurality of drill rods into the cargo space; wherein the lifting assembly comprises a receiving member, wherein the receiving member is used to grasp the drill rod at the cargo space, and wherein the lifting assembly is used to rotate relative to the support platform to bring the drill rod, which is grasped by the receiving member, during rotation from the horizontal state to an upright state and to move it to the bottom of the drive head. The portal pile according to the invention is designed for the production of cast-in-situ concrete piles, in particular for the production of cast-in-situ concrete piles of great length. In order to reduce the overall height of the pile driver, the drilling tool of the pile driver can be divided into a plurality of drill rods, wherein one of the drill rods is provided with a drill head which is regarded as a main drill rod and the remaining drill rods are regarded as replacement drill rods. Prior to the production of the in-situ concrete piles, the main drilling rod can be fastened to the portal under the drive head and several replacement drilling rods can be distributed horizontally one after the other on the movement arrangement. It should be noted that although the gantry is set up on the side of the support platform and the main drill rod is located below the drive head attached to the gantry, the support platform is further provided with a moving arrangement and the plurality of spare drill rods are horizontally distributed on the moving arrangement, so that it is not possible to stack a large number of set up drill rods on the gantry on the support platform and to shift the center of gravity of the ram toward the gantry. In this case, the plurality of horizontally distributed replacement drill rods can assume the function of compensating for the counterweight, as a result of which the stability of the portal ram is effectively ensured. When producing the in-situ concrete piles, the replacement drilling rods must be successively joined to the main drilling rod to form a drilling tool. Specifically, the drive head on the portal is first lowered and activated, so that the drive head rotates the main drilling rod in order to drill it into the ground at the predetermined pile position. The drive head is then separated from the main drill rod and raised on the portal into its initial position in order to be connected to the next replacement drill rod. During the movement of the main drill rod by the drive head, the movement arrangement on the support platform must also be moved horizontally parallel to the plane in which the portal is located in order to transport one of the replacement drill rods into the loading space. After the replacement drill rod has been placed in the cargo space, the receiving element of the lifting arrangement is activated so that the receiving element grasps the replacement drill rod on the cargo space. The lifting arrangement is then activated such that the lifting arrangement rotates relative to the support platform. Since the projection of the central axis of the drive head onto the support platform is located in the extension direction of the cargo space, the replacement drill rod gripped by the receiving element can be brought from the horizontal state into the upright state solely by the rotation of the lifting arrangement, and at the same time the replacement drill rod can be located under the drive head when set up. The drive head and the replacement drill rod fastened underneath can now be connected to one another. Subsequently, the receiving element is released and the lifting arrangement is returned to its initial position. In this case, the drive head is lowered to such an extent that the replacement drill rod fastened under the drive head is moved as far as the upper end of the main drill rod. The lower end of the replacement drill rod is then connected to the upper end of the main drill rod and then the drive head is activated to rotate the replacement drill rod together with the main drill rod so that the replacement drill rod can also be drilled into the ground at the predetermined pile position. The process of moving the replacement drill rods, rotating the replacement drill rods, mating the replacement drill rods with the drive head, lowering the drive head, mating the replacement drill rods, and drilling the replacement drill rods into the ground is repeated. Thus, the plurality of replacement drill rods can be successively joined together and drilled, and finally the drilling tool is drilled into the ground by joining a plurality of drill rods at the predetermined pile position of the cast-in-situ concrete piles, wherein the drilling tool can meet the requirements for the planned length of the cast-in-situ concrete piles and can be used for the production of the cast-in-situ concrete piles. It should be noted that during the successive assembly of the individual replacement drill rods, the replacement drill rods which are distributed horizontally on the support platform and have not yet been brought into the loading space can continue to assume the function of balances in order to ensure the balance and stability of the portal pile. At the same time, the weight at the portal does not increase further during the assembly of the drill rods, since each replacement drill rod is drilled into the ground after the assembly. Even if the assembly of the drill rods is in the final phase and there is no longer a horizontal replacement drill rod on the support platform, the center of gravity of the portal ram is not displaced in the direction of the portal, so that the stability of the portal ram is still ensured.Compared to the prior art, the gantry pile driver according to the invention is capable of bringing a plurality of drill rods arranged horizontally at different locations and the lifting arrangement in an orderly manner into the same position (below the drive head) within the gantry, so that the conveying of the drill rods, the joining of the drill rods and the drilling can be carried out completely and orderly by arranging the plurality of drill rods horizontally on the movement arrangement and by picking up and lifting each drill rod from the lifting arrangement point to point. In the case of the portal pile driver, the horizontal distribution of the plurality of drill rods on the movement arrangement also creates a counterweight for the pile driver and thus the stability of the portal pile driver. When the drill rods are joined together, the joining and subsequent drilling and the unmated but horizontally distributed drill rods also ensure that the center of gravity of the portal pile is not displaced too much in the direction of the portal, and the stability of the portal pile during operation is thus still ensured.A construction method for cast-in-place concrete piles for a portal pile according to any one of the predetermined embodiments comprises the steps of: S1: activating the moving arrangement to convey one of the drill rods on the moving arrangement into the cargo space; S2: activating the lifting arrangement to cause the pick-up element to grab the drill rod on the cargo space and rotating the lifting arrangement after the moving arrangement has been moved away from the cargo space to cause the drill rod gripped by the pick-up element to change from a horizontal state to an upright state and to move to the underside of the driving head; S3: connecting the upper end of the drill rod gripped by the pick-up element to the driving head and then releasing the drill rod gripped by the pick-up element; S4: lowering the driving head to such an extent that the drill rod fixed under the driving head is moved to the upper end of a drill rod driven in at the predetermined pile position of the cast-in concrete piles, and then connecting the lower end of the drill rod fixed under the driving head to the upper end of the driven-in drill rod; S5: further lowering the driving head and activating the driving head to rotate the drill rod fixed under the driving head to drill the cast-in concrete piles into the ground at the predetermined pile position; S6: separating the driving head from the drill rod fixed under it, and then raising the driving head; S7: Repeating steps S1 to S6 to successively connect the plurality of drill rods on the moving assembly and drill the in-situ concrete piles into the ground at the predetermined pile position.With the construction method according to the invention for cast-in-situ concrete piles for a portal pile according to one of the predetermined embodiments, the same advantageous effects can be achieved as with the portal pile described above.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGSIn order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the detailed embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the drawings that must be used in the description of the detailed embodiments or the prior art will be briefly presented below. Obviously, the drawings in the following description represent only some embodiments of the present invention. Those skilled in the art can obtain other drawings based on these drawings without performing inventive work. In the figures: FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a portal pile driver according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of the portal ram with a replacement drill rod placed in a cargo area according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 3 shows a top view of a support platform and a plurality of replacement drill rods from FIG. 2 ; FIG. 4 is a top view of the support platform and the plurality of replacement drill rods of FIG. 2 with a movement arrangement returned to their initial position; FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the gantry type ram with a rotating lifting assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 6 is a side view of the gantry frame with the rotating lift assembly according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 7 is a side view of the portal pile with the lifting assembly rotated to an upright state according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the portal ram with the replacement drill rod upright under a driving head according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the portal ram with the replacement drill rod attached under the driving head according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 10 is a schematic view of the structure of the portal ram according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the drive head drives the replacement drill rod downward; FIG. 11 is a sectional view of the moving assembly, the lifting assembly, and the replacement drill rods according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 12 is a top view of the movement assembly, lift assembly and replacement drill rods of FIG. 11 ; FIG. 13 is a sectional view of the moving assembly, the lifting assembly, and the replacement drill rods according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein one of the replacement drill rods has been placed in the cargo space; FIG. 14 is a top view of the movement assembly, lift assembly and replacement drill rods of FIG. 13; FIG. 15 is another sectional view of the moving assembly, the lifting assembly, and the replacement drill rods according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 16 is a top view of the movement assembly, lift assembly and replacement drill rods of FIG. 15 ; FIG. 17 is yet another sectional view of the moving assembly, the lifting assembly, and the replacement drill rods according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 18 is a top view of the movement assembly, lift assembly and replacement drill rods of FIG. 17 ; FIG. 19 is another sectional view of the moving assembly, the lifting assembly, and the replacement drill rods according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 20 is a top view of the movement assembly, lift assembly and replacement drill rods of FIG. 19 ; FIG. 21 is a plan view of the moving assembly, the lifting assembly, and the support platform according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 22 is another schematic view showing the structure of the portal pile driver according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 23 shows a side view of a section of the portal ram of FIG. 22 ; FIG. 24 shows a side view of the section of the portal pile of FIG. 22, wherein one of the replacement drill rods of the portal pile has been brought into the loading space; FIG. 25 shows a side view of the detail of the portal pile of FIG. 22, wherein a sliding mechanism has been lowered at the loading space of the portal pile; FIG. 26 is a still further schematic view showing the structure of the portal pile driver according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 27 is a schematic view of the structure of the portal pile of FIG. 26 with the gantry pile lifting assembly rotated to the upright state; FIG. 28 is a schematic view of the structure of the portal ram of FIG. 26 with the replacement drill rod of the portal ram drilled downwardly; FIG. 29 is a schematic view of the structure of the portal ram of FIG. 26 with the replacement drill rod of the portal ram drilled downwardly; FIG. 30 is a schematic view of the structure of the portal ram of FIG. 26 with the replacement drill rod of the portal ram drilled down and the lift assembly rotated back to its horizontal state; FIG. 31 is a schematic view showing the structure of a portal ram having a rotary disk mechanism according to an embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 32 is a schematic view showing the structure of the portal pile of FIG. 31 with the lifting assembly of the portal pile rotated to the horizontal state; FIG. 33 is a schematic view showing the structure of the portal ram of FIG. 31 with the lifting arrangement of the portal ram bringing one of the replacement drill rods into the upright state; FIG. 34 is a schematic view of the structure of the portal ram of FIG. 31 wherein the rotary disk mechanism of the portal ram drives a mechanical arm to rotate; FIG. 35 shows a flow diagram of a construction method for in-situ concrete piles according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.Reference numerals: 1 - gantry; 10 - drive head; 100 - positioning member; 11 - fixed rod; 12 - lifting rod; 2 - support platform; 20 - rail; 21 - turntable mechanism; 22 - extension frame; 3 - movement assembly; 30 - slide mechanism; 300 - first clamping; 301 - second clamping; 302 - roller; 303 - scissors mechanism; 304 - slide bracket; 4 - lifting assembly; 40 - receiving member; 41 - mechanical arm; 5 - main drilling rod; 6 - replacement drilling rod; 7 - travel assembly; 8 - self-aligning counterweight assembly; 9 - control system.DETAILED DESCRIPTIONIn order to clarify the objects, the technical solutions, and the advantages of the embodiments of the present invention, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and fully described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings for the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention and do not include all the embodiments. In general, components of the embodiments of the present invention described and shown in the drawings herein may be arranged and constructed in a variety of different configurations. Thus, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention provided in the drawings is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments achieved by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments in the present invention without inventive efforts should fall within the scope of the present invention.Exemplary Embodiment:As shown in Figs. 1 to 10, a gantry in this embodiment comprises a gantry 1, a support platform 2, a moving assembly 3 and a lifting assembly 4; the gantry 1 is set up on one side of the support platform 2, the gantry 1 being provided with a driving head 10 which can be raised and lowered, the driving head 10 being detachably connectable to one end of a drill rod moving under it; the support platform 2 being provided with a loading space at a location on the side of the gantry 1, the projection of a central axis of the driving head 10 onto the support platform 2 being in the direction of extension of the loading space; wherein the moving assembly 3 is disposed on one or both sides of the cargo space, on the moving assembly 3 a plurality of drill rods are horizontally distributed, each of the drill rods being perpendicular to the plane in which the portal 1 is located; wherein the moving assembly 3 is used to move in a horizontal plane in a direction parallel to the plane of the portal 1 to convey the plurality of drill rods into the cargo space one by one; wherein the lifting arrangement 4 comprises a receiving element 40, wherein the receiving element 40 is used to grip the drill rod at the cargo space and wherein the lifting arrangement 4 is used to rotate relative to the support platform 2 to bring the drill rod gripped by the receiving element 40 during the rotation from the horizontal state into an upright state and to move it to the underside of the drive head 10.The portal pile in this exemplary embodiment is designed for producing cast-in-situ concrete piles, in particular for producing cast-in-situ concrete piles of great length. In order to reduce the overall height of the pile driver, the drilling tool of the pile driver can be divided into a plurality of drill rods, one of the drill rods being provided with a drill head which is regarded as the main drill rod 5 and the remaining drill rods being regarded as replacement drill rods 6. Before the production of the cast-in-situ concrete piles, a drilling tool corresponding to the drilling depth can be selected depending on the requirement for the planned length of the cast-in-situ concrete piles. Subsequently, the main drilling rod 5 with the drilling head can be fastened in the drilling tool to the portal 1 below the drive head 10. A plurality of replacement drill rods 6 in the drilling tool are arranged in parallel and horizontally on the movement arrangement 3. It should be noted that although the gantry 1 is set up on the side of the support platform 2 and the main drill rod 5 is located below the drive head 10 attached to the gantry, the support platform 2 is further provided with a moving assembly 3 and the plural spare drill rods 6 are horizontally distributed on the moving assembly 3, so that it is not possible to stack a large number of set up drill rods on the gantry 1 on the support platform 2 and to shift the center of gravity of the ram toward the gantry 1. In this case, the plurality of horizontally distributed replacement drill rods 6 can assume the function of compensating for the counterweight, as a result of which the stability of the portal pile is effectively ensured.When producing the cast-in-situ concrete piles, the several replacement drilling rods 6 must be successively joined with the main drilling rod 5 to form a drilling tool which corresponds to the planned length of the cast-in-situ concrete piles. Specifically, the gantry pile is brought to the construction site of the in-situ concrete piles and the drive head 10 is positioned above the predetermined pile position of the in-situ concrete piles. As shown in Figs. 1 and 2, the driving head 10 is then lowered on the portal 1 and the driving head 10 is activated so that the driving head 10 rotates the main drill rod 5 to drill it into the ground at the predetermined pile position. As shown in Figs. 5 and 6, the drive head 10 is subsequently disconnected from the main drill rod 5 and the drive head 10 on the portal 1 is raised to its initial position to be connected to the next replacement drill rod 6. As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, during the movement of the main drill rod 5 by the drive head 10, the movement arrangement 3 on the support platform 2 must also be moved horizontally parallel to the plane in which the portal 1 is located in order to transport one of the replacement drill rods 6 into the loading space. After the replacement drill rod 6 has been brought into the loading space, the receiving element 40 of the lifting arrangement 4 is activated, so that the receiving element 40 engages the replacement drill rod 6 on the loading space. As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the drive head 10 is raised into the starting position, the lifting arrangement 4 is then activated such that the lifting arrangement 4 rotates relative to the support platform 2. Since the projection of the central axis of the drive head 10 onto the support platform 2 is located in the direction of extent of the cargo space, the replacement drill rod 6 gripped by the receiving element 40 can be brought from the horizontal state into the upright state solely by the rotation of the lifting arrangement 4, and at the same time the replacement drill rod 6 can be located under the drive head 10 during the placement (see FIGS. 7 and 8 ). When the replacement drill rod 6 is in the upright state, the drive head 10 also rises to its initial position, lowering the drive head 10 as shown in FIGS. 8 and 9, and establishing a connection between the drive head 10 and the replacement drill rod 6 located below. After the connection of the drive head 10 to the replacement drill rod 6 located underneath, the receiving element 40 is released and the lifting arrangement 4 is returned to its initial position. At this time, as shown in FIG. 10, the driving head 10 is further lowered, so that the replacement drill rod 6 fixed under the driving head 10 is moved up to the upper end of the main drill rod 5. The lower end of the replacement drill rod 6 is then connected to the upper end of the main drill rod 5, and then the drive head 10 is activated to rotate the replacement drill rod 6 together with the main drill rod 5, so that the replacement drill rod 6 can be drilled into the ground even at the predetermined pile position.The operation of moving the replacement drill rods 6, rotating the replacement drill rods 6, assembling the replacement drill rods 6 with the driving head 10, lowering the driving head 10, assembling the replacement drill rods 6, and drilling the replacement drill rods 6 into the ground is repeated. Thus, the plurality of replacement drill rods 6 can be successively joined together and drilled, and finally the drilling tool is drilled into the ground by joining a plurality of drill rods at the predetermined pile position of the cast-in-situ concrete piles, wherein the drilling tool can meet the requirements for the planned length of the cast-in-situ concrete piles and can be used for the production of the cast-in-situ concrete piles.After the receiving element 40 has gripped the replacement drill rod 6 on the cargo space, - in order to prevent the lifting arrangement 4 and the movement arrangement 3 from interfering with one another during the subsequent movement of the replacement drill rod 6, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the movement arrangement 3 can be moved back into its starting position again before the lifting arrangement 4 is activated in order to allow the lifting arrangement 4 to rotate relative to the support platform 2.It should be noted that during the successive assembly of the individual replacement drill rods 6, the replacement drill rods 6, which are distributed horizontally on the support platform 2 and have not yet been brought into the loading space, can continue to assume the function of balances in order to ensure the balance and stability of the portal pile. At the same time, the weight on the portal 1 does not increase further during the assembly of the drill rods, since each replacement drill rod 6 is drilled into the ground after the assembly. Even if the assembly of the drill rods is in the final phase and there is no longer a horizontal replacement drill rod 6 on the support platform 2, the center of gravity of the portal ram is not displaced in the direction of the portal 1, so that the stability of the portal ram is still ensured.It is also to be noted that either the connecting operation between the main drill rod 5 and the drive head 10, the connecting operation between the spare drill rod 6 and the drive head 10, or the connecting operation between two adjacent drill rods may be performed in a manual connecting method or an automatic connecting method.In the automatic connection method, a terminal assembly with an elastic pin is used. In particular, the terminal arrangement comprises a plug and a socket, wherein one of the plug and the socket is provided with the elastic pin and the other is provided with a slot. When the plug and socket are plugged together, the elastic pin can be automatically inserted into the slot. When an external force acts on the elastic pin, it can be pulled out of the slot and then the plug and socket can be separated from one another. Moreover, sockets may be provided on the drive head 10 and on the lower end of each replacement drill rod 6 and plugs may be provided on the upper end of each drill rod. If the replacement drill rods 6 are arranged horizontally on the movement arrangement 3, a plug of the replacement drill rod 6 can be provided perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1 in the vicinity of the portal 1 and a socket of the replacement drill rod 6 can be provided at a distance from the portal 1.In order to improve the accuracy of the connection between the drive head 10 and the replacement drill rod 6, the drive head 10 can also be provided with a positioning element 100. The positioning member 100 is used to abut on the circumferential side wall of the replacement drill rod 6 when the replacement drill rod 6 is erected under the driving head 10 to limit the replacement drill rod 6 so that the replacement drill rod 6 is stably located under the driving head 10.As compared with the prior art, the gantry pile driver in this embodiment is capable of bringing a plurality of drill rods arranged horizontally at different locations and the lifting arrangement 4 in an orderly manner into the same position (below the drive head 10) within the gantry 1, so that the conveyance of the drill rods, the assembly of the drill rods and the drilling can be carried out completely and orderly by arranging the plurality of drill rods horizontally on the movement arrangement 3 and picking up and lifting each drill rod from the lifting arrangement 4 point to point. In the case of the portal pile driver, the horizontal distribution of the plurality of drill rods on the movement arrangement 3 also creates a counterweight for the pile driver and thus the stability of the portal pile driver. When the drill rods are joined together, the joining and subsequent drilling and the unmated but horizontally distributed drill rods also ensure that the center of gravity of the portal pile is not displaced too much in the direction of the portal 1 and the stability of the portal pile during operation is thus still ensured.It is evident that the portal ram in this exemplary embodiment enables an orderly flat arrangement of the replacement drill rod 6, so that the replacement drill rod 6 can be positioned securely, stably and reliably on the portal ram without the center of gravity of the portal ram displacing and tilting over the latter. Since the movement arrangement 3 can move on the support platform 2 in an orderly manner in a simple movement path, each replacement drill rod 6 can simultaneously be automatically brought into the loading space and aligned with the receiving element 40 of the lifting arrangement 4. By the rotational movement of the lifting arrangement 4, the replacement drill rod 6 can then be transferred from the horizontal state to the upright state and positioned under the drive head 10. Therefore, the gantry in this embodiment can also do the work of picking up, transporting and assembling the drill rods by three simple and continuous actions, namely the orderly horizontal positioning, the horizontal moving of the drill rod and the turning of the drill rod, thereby overcoming the problems of poor stability and poor assembly of the drill rods of the existing rams.In this embodiment, it is contemplated that the portal 1 may be provided with a vertical force mechanism for driving the drive head 10 up or down. The vertical power mechanism may be a telescopic drive such as a cylinder, an oil cylinder, or the like. Note that the structure of the vertical power mechanism is not limited, and any device capable of moving the drive head 10 up and down may be used, for example, the vertical power mechanism may be a chain device or a winch device.As shown in FIG. 1, the portal 1 of the portal pile in this exemplary embodiment has a portal structure, wherein the portal 1 comprises two parallel arranged support columns and a cross member arranged vertically between the two support columns. The aforementioned plane of the portal 1 is formed by two support columns and a cross member.It is further envisaged that each support column of the portal 1 may be formed by a sliding connection of a fixed rod 11 and a lifting rod 12, the driving head 10 being fixedly connected to the lifting rod 12; the vertical force mechanism may be mounted on the portal 1, the output end of the vertical force mechanism being connected to the driving head 10, the vertical force mechanism being used to drive the driving head 10 upwards or downwards and at the same time the lifting rod 12 being drivable by the driving head 10 to perform a vertical sliding movement along the fixed rod 11. In this case, a sliding structure can be formed by the fixed rod 11 and the lifting rod 12, whereby the lifting stability of the drive head 10 on the portal 1 is effectively increased.In this exemplary embodiment, it is provided that a travel arrangement 7 can also be attached to the underside of the support platform 2 in order to facilitate the movement of the portal ram. Furthermore, it is provided that in this exemplary embodiment the travel arrangement 7 is preferably a tracked undercarriage or a step undercarriage. In order to increase the support strength of the support platform 2 of the portal ram, it is preferred in this exemplary embodiment that the support platform 2 comprises a housing and a support body which is mounted in the housing and is formed by a plurality of force-carrying rods connected to one another.As shown in FIGS. 1, 11, 12 and 21, the moving assembly 3 includes a plurality of slide mechanisms 30, the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are spacedly distributed in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1, the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are used to hold the plurality of drill rods and to move the plurality of drill rods; and in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1, the receiving member 40 is distributed at the cargo space and the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are distributed offsetly.As shown in FIGS. 11, 12, 13 and 14, the slide mechanism 30 can be moved in the direction parallel to the plane of the portal 1 by an external force on the support platform 2. Now, by adjusting the moving path of the slide mechanism 30, it can be achieved that the slide mechanism 30 brings a replacement drill rod 6 to be assembled thereon exactly into the cargo space.Note that, when a plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are provided and each slide mechanism 30 holds a plurality of spare drill rods 6, by adjusting the moving distance of the slide mechanism 30, each spare drill rod 6 can be accurately moved into the cargo space.It should be noted that the receiving member 40 and the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are offset at the loading space in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1, which can effectively prevent the receiving member 40 and the slide mechanisms 30 from interfering with each other and making it difficult to insert the replacement drill rod 6.In order to prevent the interference between the replacement drill rod 6 and the receiving member 40 on the slide mechanism 30 moved into the cargo space, the upper surface of the receiving member 40 in an opened state is lower than the replacement drill rod 6, as shown in FIG. 11. As shown in FIG. 13, when the slide mechanism 30 brings the replacement drill rod 6 into the cargo space, the receiving member 40 is closed again to grasp the replacement drill rod 6 located above.As shown in FIGS. 13 and 15, the slide mechanism 30 is a telescopic structure, and the slide mechanism 30 serves to move the drill rod held therein up and down during the telescoping operation. In this case, the sliding mechanism 30 can be in an extended state during the holding and transporting process of the replacement drill rod 6. After the slide mechanism 30 carries the replacement drill rod 6 into the cargo space and the receiving member 40 grasps the replacement drill rod 6, the slide mechanism 30 can be shortened and lowered as shown in FIGS. 15 and 16. A gap is now formed between the slide mechanism 30 and the replacement drill rod 6 gripped by the receiving element 40, whereby the slide mechanism 30 can easily slide back into its initial position. It will be appreciated that in a configuration of the slide mechanism 30 as a telescopic structure, it is simple for the slide mechanism 30 to return to its initial position after it has put the replacement drill rod 6 in position.As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the slide mechanism 30 may remain shortened when the slide mechanism 30 is reversed to return to the initial position. As shown in FIGS. 19 and 20, however, the sliding mechanism 30 must still be extended after returning to its initial position in order to be able to transport the next replacement drill rod 6.As shown in FIGS. 1 and 21, the support platform 2 is provided with a plurality of rails 20, the plurality of rails 20 are spaced apart from each other in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1, each of the rails 20 extends in the direction parallel to the plane of the portal 1; and the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are slidably connected to the plurality of rails 20 one-to-one.The rail 20 can not only restrict the moving direction of the slide mechanism 30, but also reduce friction between the slide mechanism 30 and the support platform 2, thereby increasing the ease of movement of the slide mechanism 30.Furthermore, it is provided that the number of movement arrangements 3 is even, wherein the even number of movement arrangements 3 is divided into two groups and the two groups of movement arrangements 3 are symmetrically distributed on both sides of the cargo space. If the moving assembly 3 is an even number and symmetrically distributed, not only the moving assembly 3 but also the replacement drill rod 6 can be distributed more orderly and evenly, thereby effectively improving the balance weight of the portal pile.As shown in FIG. 1, each slide mechanism 30 is provided with a first clamp 300 and a second clamp 301 spaced apart from each other, wherein the first clamps 300 of the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are distributed in a same straight line to hold the same drill rod, and wherein the second clamps 301 of the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 are distributed in a same straight line to hold the same drill rod.In this case, the first clamping means 300 of the plurality of sliding mechanisms 30 serve to hold one replacement drill rod 6 and the second clamping means 301 of the plurality of sliding mechanisms 30 serve to hold another replacement drill rod 6, wherein each of the movement arrangements 3 can carry two drill rods.As shown in FIG. 1, the slide mechanism 30 may be formed as a slide having a roller 302 at the bottom, the roller 302 being slidably connected to the rail 20, the slide serving to hold the replacement drill rod 6. Furthermore, it is contemplated that the first clamp 300 and the second clamp 301 may be detent grooves disposed on the top of the slide mechanism 30.Here, if the slide mechanism 30 is a telescopic structure, the slider may be a hood having an opening at the bottom. And, the slide mechanism 30 also comprises a base plate and a scissors mechanism 303, the base plate being disposed at the bottom of the slider, and the roller 302 being mounted on the bottom of the base plate, the scissors mechanism 303 being connected between the surface of the base plate and the inner wall of the slider, the scissors mechanism 303 being hinged by a plurality of connecting rods and being capable of being extended or shortened so that the hollow slider can be moved up or down relative to the base plate.Furthermore, it is provided that the first clamping 300 and the second clamping 301 can be at the same height if both the first clamping 300 and the second clamping 301 are latching grooves, wherein the first clamping 300 and the second clamping 301 can be spaced apart from one another at the upper side of the sliding mechanism 30 along the direction of movement of the sliding mechanism 30.Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 22, the slide mechanism 30 may be composed of two slide brackets 304 arranged side by side, each rail 20 may have two branch rails arranged in parallel, and the two slide brackets 304 are slidably connected to the two branch rails one-to-one.As shown in FIG. 22, the lower surface of the slide bracket 304 may be provided with a through hole through which the slide bracket 304 is slidably connected to the branch rail of the rail 20. Both the first clamping 300 and the second clamping 301 can consist of a carrier plate, wherein the first clamping 300 is firmly connected to one side of the one sliding bracket 304 in the sliding mechanism 30 and the second clamping 301 is firmly connected to one side of the other sliding bracket 304 in the sliding mechanism 30.In order to avoid interference between the first clamp 300 and the second clamp 301, as shown in FIG. 22, the vertical distance between the first clamp 300 and the support platform 2 is not equal to the vertical distance between the second clamp 301 and the support platform 2. it is further provided that the vertical distance between the first clamp 300 and the support platform 2 may be greater than the vertical distance between the second clamp 301 and the support platform 2, wherein the height above the bottom of the replacement drill rods 6 held on the first clamp 300 of the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 is greater than the height above the bottom of the replacement drill rods 6 held on the second clamp 301 of the plurality of slide mechanisms 30.When both the first clamp 300 and the second clamp 301 are comprised of a support plate, the slide brackets 304 of the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 in the moving assembly 3 may be sequentially moved in batch. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 23 and 24, first, with an external force, only the slide bracket 304 of the slide mechanism 30 provided with the first clamp 300 can be slid in the direction parallel to the plane of the portal 1 until the replacement drill rod 6 is moved into the cargo space on the first clamp 300. The receiving element 40 is then activated in such a way that the receiving element 40 grasps the replacement drill rod 6 on the load space and subsequently the sliding brackets 304 provided with the first clamping 300 are all moved back into their initial positions.Before the replacement drill rod 6 can be brought into the cargo space on the second clamping means 301 of the sliding bracket 304, the sliding brackets 304 provided with the first clamping means 300 must each be moved back into their initial position. It should be noted that, since the plurality of slide mechanisms 30 in the moving assembly 3 are spaced apart from each other in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1, the moving operation of the slide brackets 304 provided with the second clamp 301 is no longer obstructed by the replacement drill rods 6 in the first clamp 300 when the first clamp 300 of the slide bracket 304 no longer holds the replacement drill rod 6. Here, with an external force, only the slide bar 304 of the slide mechanism 30 provided with the second clamp 301 can be slid in the direction parallel to the plane of the portal 1 until the replacement drill rod 6 is moved into the cargo space on the second clamp 301.When both the first clamp 300 and the second clamp 301 are made of a support plate and the slide mechanism 30 is a telescopic structure, the slide bracket 304 may be made of a retractable bracket. In particular, it is contemplated that the sliding bracket 304 comprises a horizontal rod provided with a through bore and a vertical rod vertically connected to the horizontal rod, wherein a sliding rod is slidably connected to the first vertical rod, wherein the first clamp 300 and the second clamp 301, respectively, is arranged on one side of the sliding rod. In this case, the slide bracket 304 can be telescopically moved by sliding the slide rod on the vertical rod, whereby the first clamp 300 or the second clamp 301 is moved upward or downward.After the sliding bar 304 with the first clamp 300 has conveyed the replacement drill rod 6 held there into the cargo space and the receiving element 40 grasps this replacement drill rod 6, the sliding bar can be made to slide downward on the vertical rod, whereby the first clamp 300 is lowered, so that a distance is created between the first clamp 300 and the replacement drill rod 6, whereby the reversal of the sliding bar 304 is facilitated in order to bring the sliding bar 304 back into the initial position, as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25.In this exemplary embodiment, it is provided that the support platform 2 can be equipped with a movement drive which exerts an external force on the movement arrangement 3 in order to move the movement arrangement 3 on the support platform 2. Furthermore, it is provided that the movement drive can be a telescopic drive, e.g. a cylinder, an oil cylinder, etc., or a conveying device, consisting of a motor and a conveying chain.Note that the slide mechanism 30 in the movement assembly 3 in this embodiment is not limited to providing only the first clamp 300 and the second clamp 301, but a plurality of additional clamps such as a third clamp, a fourth clamp, etc. may be provided depending on actual needs. Moreover, the construction of the slide mechanism 30 is not limited to the two forms mentioned above, and any structure capable of conveying the replacement drill rods 6 into the cargo space in an orderly manner in a simple travel path may be adopted.As shown in Figures 5 and 6, the lifting assembly 4 comprises a mechanical arm 41 and a lifting drive, wherein the receiving element 40 is a mechanical jaw; wherein the mechanical arm 41 has a hinged end and a free-hanging end, wherein the hinged end of the mechanical arm 41 is hingedly connected to the support platform 2 and the free-hanging end of the mechanical arm 41 is free-hanging; and wherein the mechanical jaw is attached to the mechanical arm 41, an output end of the lifting drive is connected to the mechanical arm 41, the lifting drive is for rotating the mechanical arm 41 with respect to the support platform 2 to change the mechanical arm 41 between a horizontal state and an upright state.The lifting drive can be a telescopic drive such as a cylinder, an oil cylinder or the like. The opening and closing of the mechanical clamping jaw can be effected electrically or pneumatically, and accordingly the mechanical clamping jaw can be operated electrically or pneumatically.The mechanical arm 41 of the lifting assembly 4 in this embodiment is used to switch between horizontal and upright states by the lifting drive, thus moving the replacement drill rod 6 between the horizontal and upright states. Since the replacement drill rod 6 is in an upright state just below the drive head 10, the mechanical arm 41 can be rotated only in a range of 0 to 90 degrees.In order to increase the flexibility of use of the mechanical arm 41, it is preferred in the present embodiment that the length of the mechanical arm 41 is smaller than the length of the replacement drill rod 6, so that the receiving element 40 can be attached to the free-suspended end of the mechanical arm 41.As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the joint end of the mechanical arm 41 is located between the portal 1 and the cargo space, and the mechanical jaw is attached to an arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing away from the support platform 2. Or, as shown in Figs. 31 to 34, the mechanical jaw is attached to an arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing the support platform 2, the support platform 2 is provided with a rotary disk mechanism 21, the joint end of the mechanical arm 41 is hingedly connected to the rotary disk mechanism 21, and the rotary disk mechanism 21 is used for driving the mechanical arm 41 to rotate about a central axis of the mechanical arm 41 as a rotational axis.When the joint end of the mechanical arm 41 is located between the portal 1 and the cargo space, after the mechanical jaw of the mechanical arm 41 has gripped the replacement drill rod 6, the replacement drill rod 6 must be arranged on one side of the mechanical arm 41 in the vicinity of the portal 1 so that the replacement drill rod 6 is located just below the drive head 10 when it is rotated to the upright state. It is thus possible to attach the mechanical clamping jaw directly to the arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing away from the support platform 2. Alternatively, the mechanical jaw is mounted on the arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing the support platform 2, the additional turntable mechanism 21 being provided for allowing the raised mechanical arm 41 to rotate and thereby steer the replacement drill rod 6.If the mechanical clamping jaw is attached directly to the arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing away from the support platform 2, it is provided in particular, as shown in FIGS. 3, 5 and 6, that the mechanical clamping jaw grasps the replacement drill rod 6 from bottom to top at the loading space and that the grasped replacement drill rod 6 is located above the mechanical arm 41.However, when the mechanical jaw is attached to the arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing the support platform 2, the mechanical jaw at the cargo space grasps the replacement drill rod 6 from top to bottom as shown in FIGS. 31 and 32, with the grasped replacement drill rod 6 being located below the mechanical arm 41. Here, when the mechanical arm 41 drives the replacement drill rod 6 to rotate to the upright state, as shown in FIG. 33, the replacement drill rod 6 is located on a side of the mechanical arm 41 facing away from the portal 1, and in order for the replacement drill rod 6 to be located on a side of the mechanical arm 41 facing the portal 1 below the drive head 10, the mechanical arm 41 needs to be rotated 180 degrees using the rotary disk mechanism 21, thereby moving the replacement drill rod 6 below the drive head 10.Here, the rotary disk mechanism 21 may be a rotary drive with motor.In this embodiment, it is also possible to position the replacement drill rod 6 on the side of the mechanical arm 41 near the portal 1 by adjusting the position of the mechanical arm 41 after the mechanical jaw has gripped the replacement drill rod 6. More specifically, as shown in Figs. 26 to 30, the support platform 2 has an extension frame 22 on one side of the portal 1, the hinge end of the mechanical arm 41 is hinge-connected to the extension frame 22, the mechanical arm 41 can pass through the portal 1 while rotating with respect to the support platform 2 and then be set up on a cargo space-opposite side of the portal 1; and the mechanical jaw is attached to the arm surface of the mechanical arm 41 facing the support platform 2.As shown in Fig. 26, the mechanical jaw at the loading space grasps the replacement drill rod 6 from top to bottom, with the grasped replacement drill rod 6 being located below the mechanical arm 41. When the replacement drill rod 6 is rotated by the mechanical arm 41 to the upright state, the mechanical arm 41 drives the replacement drill rod 6 through the portal 1 because the hinge end of the mechanical arm 41 is hinge-connected to the extension frame 22. As shown in FIG. 27, the replacement drill rod 6 is now located on the side of the mechanical arm 41 facing the portal 1 and below the drive head 10.In order to prevent the mechanical arm 41 from hindering the operation of assembling the replacement drill rod 6, as shown in FIGS. 28 and 29, the mechanical arm 41 needs to be maintained in its upright state both during assembly of the drill rod and during raising of the drive head 10 after assembly of the drill rod. When the next replacement drill rod 6 is to be picked up, the mechanical arm 41 is rotated to the horizontal state as shown in Fig. 30.It should be noted that a through hole is to be provided at a position of the extension frame 22 opposite to the drive head 10, through which the drive head 10 and the drill rod can be passed to prevent the extension frame 22 from hindering the process of assembling and drilling the drill rods.In order to further improve the balance of the portal pile, it preferably comprises, in this embodiment, a counterweight structure which is mounted on a side of the support platform 2 opposite the portal 1 in order to prevent the centre of gravity of the pile from moving to the side of the portal 1. In this exemplary embodiment, it is preferably provided that the aforementioned counterweight structure is a self-aligning counterweight arrangement 8. It is further provided that the portal pile driver further comprises a monitoring system and a control system 9, wherein the self-aligning counterweight arrangement 8 is mounted on a side of the support platform 2 remote from the portal 1 and the self-aligning counterweight arrangement 8 has a movable portion movable in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1; wherein the self-aligning counterweight arrangement 8 and the monitoring system are connected to the control system 9, wherein the monitoring system is used to monitor weight changes at the portal 1 of the portal pile driver, and wherein the control system 9 is used to calculate the amount of movement of the movable portion on the basis of the weight changes monitored by the monitoring system and to drive the movable portion to move in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal 1.The self-adjusting counterweight assembly 8 may take a telescopic structure, wherein the movable portion is the telescopic end of the self-adjusting counterweight assembly 8. The monitoring system is used to record the change in weight at the portal 1 of the portal ram. And, the control system 9 can control the telescopic amount of the self-aligning counterweight assembly 8 based on the monitoring results of the monitoring system so that the self-aligning counterweight assembly 8 automatically extends or shortens according to the weight change on the gantry 1 to regulate the moment on the side of the support platform 2 away from the gantry 1, which in turn can change the position of the center of gravity of the gantry ram and maintain the balance of the gantry ram.Furthermore, it is provided that an oil cylinder is used for the self-adjusting counterweight arrangement 8. In practice, a slide which is slidably connected to the support platform 2 can also be used for the self-adjusting counterweight arrangement 8. The monitoring system can consist of a weight sensor and the control system 9 of a programmable logic controller or a microcontroller. The control system 9 can also be connected to the movement arrangement 3, wherein the movement arrangement 3 can be controlled by the control system 9 such that it moves in a predetermined path, and the portal pile does not have to be equipped with a driver's cab.In summary, in the gantry type pile driver in this embodiment, the replacement drill rods 6 are arranged in parallel on the moving assembly 3, and then the replacement drill rods 6 are laterally moved in an orderly manner to successively load the plurality of replacement drill rods 6 into the load space. Subsequently, the plurality of replacement drill rods 6 are sequentially brought under the driving head 10 in the gantry 1 in a simple travel path by the rotational movement of the lifting assembly 4 to facilitate the assembling of the drill rods. The portal ram may do the operation of gripping and assembling the drill rods by simple actions. By assembling the drill rods in this way, not only the requirements for the production of piles of large lengths can be fulfilled, but also the height of the portal 1 does not have to be too high, so that the portal pile in this embodiment can automatically, highly and safely perform the assembly of the drill rods using a low portal 1 by horizontal arrangement and ordered combination of the drill rods in order to realize the production of cast-in-place concrete piles of different lengths in rooms of different heights (including the low rooms of tunnels etc.).It will be seen that the portal pile driver in this embodiment overcomes the traditional design concept of commercial heavy portal pile drivers, in which the height of the support column and the length of the drilling tool must correspond to the predetermined pile length, and solves the problem that the centre of gravity of the pile driver is displaced by vertically pre-fixed heavy replacement drilling tools, which leads to overloading of the front end of the pile driver. The gantry pile in this embodiment is a subversive technology to the existing pile pile, and can achieve the lowering of the gantry 1, the flattening of the drill rods, and the automatic assembly of the drill rods, enabling a type of pile driving machine with high efficiency, energy saving, safety, high degree of automation, and low cost.It should be noted that in the existing ram on the side of the supporting column of the portal 1, heavy replacement tools are pre-fixed vertically, so that in order to ensure the balance of the center of gravity of the ram, the counterweight must be increased. For example, with a 70 m high pile, the weight of the pile increases by 150 tons to over 300 tons, which not only increases construction costs but also requires covering the construction site over a large area with steel plates, which further increases construction costs. In the gantry in this embodiment, however, the drill rods are arranged flat, so that the drilling depth of the drilling tool is no longer limited by the length of a single drilling tool and no great increase in the counterweight is required to ensure the balance of the center of gravity of the gantry. This alone allows the weight of the portal pile in this exemplary embodiment to be reduced by 30 to 40% compared to existing pile frames, which effectively reduces the production costs of the pile frames. Moreover, in the gantry ram in this embodiment, the vertical power mechanism and the drive head 10 may cooperate on the gantry 1 so that the drill rods displace the ground during drilling and thus a wellbore may be rotationally drilled without removing the ground to save energy and reduce emissions.It should be noted that the portal pile driver in this embodiment provides a special technical solution compared to CN202688997U for reducing the height and the center of gravity of the portal 1 and for increasing the pile length.Compared to the technical solution in CN208950504U, in which the ram depth can only be doubled and the potential risk of instability of the centre of gravity of the ram increases, with the portal ram in this embodiment a multiple ram depth can be achieved without increasing the ram with a simultaneous increase in the stability of the ram (in the portal ram in this embodiment the instability of the centre of gravity by the vertical drill rods does not have to be taken into account and the number or length of the replacement drill rods 6 can be increased in order to increase the ram depth).In comparison with CN203851446U, in the portal ram in this embodiment, the vertical force mechanism and the drive head 10 are provided on the portal 1 as well as the connection arrangement with the elastic pin, so that the portal ram is also equipped with complex functions which cannot be assigned to the field of agricultural engineering, such as, for example, the turning of the drilling tool, the lowering of the drilling tool, the raising of the drilling tool and the automatic joining of the drilling rods. In addition, in the case of the portal pile driver in this exemplary embodiment, the portal 1 is used instead of a single-column support column of conventional pile drivers, so that the replacement drill rod 6 can be moved directly into or through the portal 1 without having to take a complicated travel path around the single-column support column.Compared with CN209556966U, in the portal ram in this embodiment, by first engaging the drill rods by the receiving member 40 and then retracting the moving assembly 3, the free fall of the drill rod can be prevented throughout the operation. In addition, in operation, the gantry control system 9 may be preprogrammed so that the plurality of drill rods are automatically conveyed one after the other into the cargo space and the pick-up element 40 may automatically pick up the plurality of drill rods, neither labour nor other auxiliary machinery being required for transporting the drill rods.In comparison with CN110939132A, in the portal ram in this embodiment, the self-adjusting counterweight arrangement 8 can cooperate with the control system 9 and the monitoring system, whereby a more rapid adaptation is possible. In the portal pile in this embodiment, the horizontal position of the center of gravity is adjusted by changing the moment, which more closely meets the requirements of the portal pile in this embodiment.However, the pile driver disclosed in CN216381270U, CN1057560A and CN107023267B, due to the limitation of its conventional structure of a single support column, results in the corresponding gripping and moving of the drill rods past the single support column, which in turn leads to a complexity of the mechanism of the pile driver which is difficult to simplify. The vertical arrangement of the replacement drill rods 6, although facilitating the delivery and coupling of the drill rods, may lead to problems with respect to the instability of the piles. However, in the portal pile in this embodiment, the replacement drill rods 6 are arranged flat, which, in conjunction with the refinement of the entire machine structure, enables a smooth process of gripping and moving the drill rods using a low portal 1. Compared to the pile driving machines with drill rods set up, the portal pile is more secure and stable in this embodiment. At the same time, in the present embodiment, by arranging the drill rods flat, the contact area between the drill rod and the support platform 2 can be increased, whereby the point load in the vertical arrangement is converted into a surface load with lower pressing force in the flat arrangement, whereby the strength requirements for the ram and thus the cost of the ram can be effectively reduced.As shown in FIG. 35, this embodiment further provides a built method for in-situ concrete piles for a portal pile according to any one of the predetermined embodiments, comprising the steps of: step S1: activating the moving assembly 3 to carry one of the drill rods on the moving assembly 3 into the cargo space; step S2: activating the lifting assembly 4 to cause the pick-up member 40 to grasp the drill rod on the cargo space, and rotating the lifting assembly 4 after the moving assembly 3 has been moved away from the cargo space to cause the drill rod, which is grasped by the pick-up member 40, to change from a horizontal state to an upright state and move to the bottom of the driving head 10; Step S3: connecting the upper end of the drill rod gripped by the receiving element 40 to the drive head 10 and then releasing the drill rod gripped by the receiving element 40; Step S4: lowering the drive head 10 to such an extent that the drill rod fixed under the drive head 10 is moved to the upper end of a drill rod driven in in the predetermined pile position of the cast-in concrete piles, and then connecting the lower end of the drill rod fixed under the drive head 10 to the upper end of the driven-in drill rod; Step S5: further lowering the drive head 10 and activating the drive head 10 to rotate the drill rod fixed under the drive head 10 so as to drill into the ground at the predetermined pile position of the cast-in concrete piles; Step S6: Separating the drive head 10 from the drill rod fastened under it and subsequently raising the drive head 10; Step S7: Repeating Steps S1 to S6 in order to connect the plurality of drill rods to one another one after the other on the movement arrangement 3 and to drill the cast-in-situ concrete piles into the ground at the predetermined pile position.Steps S 1 to S 7 of the construction method for cast-in-situ concrete piles in this exemplary embodiment are the joining together of drilling rods arranged flat on the support platform 2, namely the above-mentioned replacement drilling rods 6. While the main drilling rod 5 is generally fastened with the drilling head directly below the drive head 10 and is then to be drilled, the construction method for cast-in-situ concrete piles in this exemplary embodiment can therefore also comprise step S 01 and step S 02 before step S 1: step S 01: bringing the portal pile to the construction site of the cast-in-situ concrete piles and positioning the drive head 10 on the portal 1 of the portal pile above the predetermined pile position of the cast-in-situ concrete piles, Step S 02: fastening the drill rod with drill head under the drive head 10 to the portal 1 of the portal pile, lowering and activating the drive head 10 in order to rotate the drill rod with drill head and drill it into the ground at the predetermined pile position of the in-situ concrete piles.The construction method for cast-in-situ concrete piles in this embodiment is inserted into an above-mentioned portal pile, so that the construction method for cast-in-situ concrete piles also provides a counterweight for the pile by horizontally distributing several drill rods on the movement arrangement 3 and thus ensures the stability of the portal pile. When the drill rods are joined together, the joining and subsequent drilling and the unmated but horizontally distributed drill rods also ensure that the center of gravity of the portal pile is not displaced too much in the direction of the portal 1 and the stability of the portal pile during operation is thus still ensured.Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above individual embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that changes in the technical solutions described in the above embodiments or equivalent substitutions of some or all of the features included therein are possible. However, such changes or substitutions should not lead to the main ideas of the respective technical solutions deviating from the scope of the technical solutions of the individual embodiments of this invention.References included in the specificationThis list of documents cited by the applicant has been produced in an automated manner and is only included for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent application or utility model application. The DPMA does not take any adhesion for any faults or omissions.Patent Literature citedCN 216381270U [0004, 0006, 0090]CN 105756060A [0004, 0006, 0090]CN 107023267B [0004, 0006, 0090]CN 202688997U [0007, 0085]CN 208950504U [0007, 0086]CN 209556966U [0007, 0088]CN 110939132A [0007, 0089]CN 203851446U

[0087]

Claims

A portal pile characterized in that it comprises a portal (1), a support platform (2), a movement arrangement (3) and a lifting arrangement (4), the portal (1) being placed on one side of the support platform (2), the portal (1) being provided with a drive head (10) which can be raised and lowered, the drive head (10) being detachably connectable to an end of a drill rod moving under it; the support platform (2) being provided with a loading space at a location on the side of the portal (1), the projection of a central axis of the drive head (10) onto the support platform (2) being in the direction of extension of the loading space; wherein the moving assembly (3) is arranged on one or both sides of the cargo space, on the moving assembly (3) a plurality of drill rods are horizontally distributed, each of the drill rods being perpendicular to the plane in which the portal (1) is located; wherein the moving assembly (3) is used to move in a horizontal plane in a direction parallel to the plane of the portal (1) to convey the plurality of drill rods successively into the cargo space; wherein the lifting assembly (4) comprises a receiving member (40), wherein the receiving member (40) is used to grip the drill rod on the cargo space, wherein the lifting assembly (4) is used to rotate relative to the support platform (2) to bring the drill rod gripped by the receiving member (40) during rotation from the horizontal state to an upright state and to move it to the bottom of the drive head (10); wherein the moving assembly (3) comprises a plurality of slide mechanisms (30), wherein the plurality of slide mechanisms (30) are spaced apart in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal (1), wherein the plurality of slide mechanisms (30) are used to hold the plurality of drill rods and to move the plurality of drill rods; wherein, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal (1), the receiving member (40) is distributed on the cargo space and the plurality of slide mechanisms (30) are offset; wherein the slide mechanism (30) is a telescopic structure and the slide mechanism (30) serves to move the drill rod held therein up and down during the telescoping operation; wherein each slide mechanism (30) is provided with a first clamp (300) and a second clamp (301) distributed spaced apart from each other, wherein the first clamps (300) of the plurality of slide mechanisms (30) are distributed in a same straight line to hold the same drill rod, and wherein the second clamps (301) of the plurality of slide mechanisms (30) are distributed in a same straight line to hold the same drill rod.The portal pile as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the support platform (2) is provided with a plurality of rails (20), the plurality of rails (20) being spaced apart from each other in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal (1), each of the rails (20) extending in the direction parallel to the plane of the portal (1); and wherein the plurality of slide mechanisms (30) are slidably connected to the plurality of rails (20) one-to-one.Portal pile driver according to any of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that the lifting arrangement (4) comprises a mechanical arm (41) and a lifting drive, wherein the receiving element (40) is a mechanical clamping jaw; wherein the mechanical arm (41) has a hinge end and a free hanging end, wherein the hinge end of the mechanical arm (41) is hingedly connected to the support platform (2) and the free hanging end of the mechanical arm (41) is free hanging; and wherein the mechanical clamping jaw is attached to the mechanical arm (41), an output end of the lifting drive is connected to the mechanical arm (41), the lifting drive is used to set the mechanical arm (41) in rotation with respect to the support platform (2) in order to change the mechanical arm (41) between a horizontal state and an upright state.The portal pile driver according to claim 3, characterized in that the joint end of the mechanical arm (41) is located between the portal (1) and the cargo space, wherein the mechanical jaw is attached to an arm surface of the mechanical arm (41) facing away from the support platform (2), or that the mechanical jaw is attached to an arm surface of the mechanical arm (41) facing the support platform (2), and that the support platform (2) is equipped with a rotary disk mechanism (21), wherein the joint end of the mechanical arm (41) is hingedly connected to the rotary disk mechanism (21), and wherein the rotary disk mechanism (21) for driving the mechanical arm (41) to rotate about a central axis of the mechanical arm (41) is used as a rotational axis.Portal pile according to claim 3, characterized in that the support platform (2) comprises an extension frame (22) on one side of the portal (1), wherein the hinge end of the mechanical arm (41) is hingedly connected to the extension frame (22), wherein the mechanical arm (41) can pass through the portal (1) while rotating with respect to the support platform (2) and then be set up on a side of the portal (1) facing away from the cargo space; and wherein the mechanical clamping jaw is attached to the ann surface of the mechanical arm (41) facing the support platform (2).The portal pile driver according to any one of claims 1 to 2, characterized in that it further comprises a self-aligning counterweight arrangement (8), a monitoring system and a control system (9); wherein the self-aligning counterweight arrangement (8) is mounted on a side of the support platform (2) facing away from the portal (1) and the self-aligning counterweight arrangement (8) has a movable portion movable in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal (1); wherein the self-adjusting counterweight arrangement (8) and the monitoring system are connected to the control system (9), wherein the monitoring system is used to monitor weight changes at the portal (1) of the portal ram, and wherein the control system (9) is used to calculate the amount of movement of the movable portion based on the weight changes monitored by the monitoring system and to drive the movable portion to move in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the portal (1).Construction method for cast-in-place concrete piles for a portal pile according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises the steps of: S1: activating the moving arrangement (3) to convey one of the drill rods on the moving arrangement (3) into the loading space; S2: activating the lifting arrangement (4) to cause the receiving element (40) to grasp the drill rod on the loading space, and rotating the lifting arrangement (4) after the moving arrangement (3) has been moved away from the loading space to cause the drill rod, which is grasped by the receiving element (40), to change from a horizontal state to an upright state and to move to the underside of the driving head (10); S3: connecting the upper end of the drill rod gripped by the receiving element (40) to the drive head (10) and subsequently releasing the drill rod gripped by the receiving element (40); S4: lowering the drive head (10) to such an extent that the drill rod fastened below the drive head (10) is moved to the upper end of a drill rod driven in in the predetermined pile position of the cast-in concrete piles, and subsequently connecting the lower end of the drill rod fastened below the drive head (10) to the upper end of the driven-in drill rod; S5: Further lowering the drive head (10) and activating the drive head (10) to rotate the drill rod attached under the drive head (10) so that it drills the cast-in-place concrete piles into the ground at the predetermined pile position; S6: separating the drive head (10) from the drill rod attached under it and subsequently raising the drive head (10); S7: repeating steps S1 to S6 to successively connect the plurality of drill rods to one another on the movement arrangement (3) and drill the cast-in-place concrete piles into the ground at the predetermined pile position.

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