Construction method for superstructure above water

Abstract

To provide a construction method for a superstructure above water that can efficiently construct a superstructure above water without performing work below a precast block installed on a support body erected on the water bottom ground.SOLUTION: A blocking frame body 8 is temporarily positioned by fitting it onto a support body 40 in a state in which it can move up and down. The support body 40 is loosely inserted into a through hole 3 of a precast block 2 so that the bottom surface of the precast block 2 is abutted against the upper surface of the blocking frame body 8. The precast block 2 and the blocking frame body 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, and abutment maintaining means 9 maintains the upper surface of the blocking frame body 8 in abutment against the bottom surface of the precast block 2. Filling material 20 is filled between an outer peripheral surface of the support body 40 and an inner peripheral surface of the through hole 3, and the upper structure 1 in which the precast block 2 and the solidified filling material 20 are integrated is fixed to the top of the support body 40.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 4

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a method for constructing a superstructure above water, and more specifically, to a method for constructing a superstructure above water that can efficiently construct a superstructure above water without performing work below precast blocks installed on supports such as piles or sheet piles erected on the waterbed. [Background technology]

[0002] As a method for constructing a superstructure on water, such as a pier or revetment, supported by supports such as piles or sheet piles erected on the waterbed, there is, for example, a method in which reinforcing bars are arranged on or underwater, formwork is installed, and ready-mixed concrete is poured into the formwork at the construction site and allowed to harden. In this type of superstructure construction method, temporary scaffolding or shoring must be installed on or underwater, and after assembling the reinforcing bars, formwork and the like must be installed and concrete must be poured, and since there is a lot of cumbersome work on water, there is a limit to how much construction efficiency can be improved.

[0003] Therefore, as a method for constructing an above-water structure (superstructure), a construction method has been proposed in which a precast concrete slab having pile holes through which piles are inserted is formed on the ground, the precast concrete slab is fixed to the piles with the heads of the piles loosely inserted into the pile holes of the precast concrete slab, and scaffolding is attached to the outside of the precast concrete slab (see, for example, Patent Document 1). In this construction method, the gap between the pile holes of the precast concrete slab and the outer peripheral surface of the pile is closed with a leak stopper plate provided below the precast concrete slab, and the above-mentioned gap is filled with non-shrink mortar to fix the precast concrete slab to the head of the pile. However, in the construction method proposed in Patent Document 1, the work of closing the gap between the pile holes of the precast concrete slab and the outer peripheral surface of the pile with a leak stopper plate needs to be performed from below the precast concrete slab installed on the pile, so that it is necessary to install an above-water scaffolding or have workers such as divers enter under the precast concrete slab to perform complicated work. Therefore, there is room for improvement in the construction efficiency of the above-water superstructure and the safety of the workers. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] JP 2021-107631 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005] The object of the present invention is to provide a method for constructing a superstructure above water that can efficiently construct a superstructure above water without performing work below precast blocks installed on supports such as piles or sheet piles erected on the waterbed. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] In order to achieve the above object, the method for constructing a superstructure on water of the present invention is a method for constructing a superstructure on water, which is fixed to the top of a support erected on the waterbed, and includes the steps of: temporarily positioning a blocking frame body extending outward from the outer periphery of the support in a plan view so as to be movable in the vertical direction relative to the support; moving a precast block having a through hole penetrating vertically through which the support can be loosely inserted from above the support downward; loosely inserting the support into the through hole so that the bottom surface of the precast block abuts against the top surface of the blocking frame body; and from that state, the precast block and the blocking frame body are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, and a contact maintaining means is used to maintain the upper surface of the blocking frame body in abutment against the bottom surface of the precast block.With the blocking frame body blocking the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support body and the lower end of the through hole, fill material is filled between the outer peripheral surface of the support body and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole and solidified, thereby fixing the upper structure, which is integrated with the precast block and the solidified fill material, to the top of the support body. Effect of the Invention

[0007] According to the present invention, the blocking frame is temporarily placed by fitting it to the outside of the support in a state where it can move in the vertical direction, and the precast block having a through hole is moved downward from above the support, and the support is loosely inserted into the through hole so that the bottom surface of the precast block is in contact with the upper surface of the blocking frame. From that state, the precast block and the blocking frame are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, and the upper surface of the blocking frame is maintained in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block by the contact maintaining means, so that the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support and the lower end of the through hole of the precast block can be blocked by the blocking frame without performing work below the precast block installed on the support. Then, the fill material is filled between the outer peripheral surface of the support and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the precast block and solidified, so that the superstructure above the water can be efficiently constructed without performing work below the precast block installed on the support. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0008] [Figure 1] This is an explanatory diagram showing a side view of a superstructure constructed on top of a support using the method for constructing a superstructure above water of the present invention. [Diagram 2] This is an explanatory diagram illustrating a closure frame body having an elastic member as a means for maintaining contact when temporarily placed on the support body, and a precast block, both in cross section. [Diagram 3] FIG. 3 is a view taken along the arrow A in FIG. 2. [Figure 4] 4 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in cross section, the state in which a precast block is installed on a support from the state shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. FIG. [Diagram 5] FIG. 5 is a view taken along the arrow B in FIG. [Figure 6] FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in cross section, the state in which a filler material has been filled and solidified between the outer peripheral surface of the support body and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole of the precast block from the state shown in FIGS. 4 and 5. [Figure 7] FIG. 7 is a view taken along the arrow C in FIG. 6. [Figure 8] 1 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in cross section, a state in which a closure frame provided with a buoyant body as a contact maintaining means is temporarily placed on a support while floating on water. [Figure 9] 9 is an explanatory diagram illustrating, in cross section, the state in which a precast block is installed on a support from the state shown in FIG. 8. FIG. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0009] Hereinafter, a method for constructing a superstructure above water according to the present invention will be described based on an embodiment shown in the drawings.

[0010] As shown in Fig. 1, the present invention is a method for constructing an above-water superstructure 1 such as a pier or revetment that is fixed to the top of a support 40 such as a pile or sheet pile driven into the water bottom ground WB. Examples of the support 40 include piles such as steel pipe piles or concrete piles, and sheet piles such as steel pipe sheet piles. In the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7 described below, the support 40 is a pile.

[0011] 1 to 7, a case is illustrated in which a superstructure 1 is constructed that is fixed to the top of one support 40, but the present invention can also construct a superstructure 1 that is fixed to the top of two or more supports 40. The superstructure 1 above water in the present invention is not limited to a superstructure 1 that is always located above the water surface, but also includes a superstructure 1 that is temporarily partially submerged in water due to tidal fluctuations, etc.

[0012] As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, in the present invention, a superstructure 1 is constructed using precast blocks 2, a blocking frame 8, and a contact maintaining means 9, which have been fabricated in advance on land or on a ship. The precast blocks 2 are formed, for example, from precast concrete, prestressed concrete, resin, etc. The precast blocks 2 may be of a reinforced concrete (steel-reinforced concrete) structure in which reinforcing bars (or steel frames) are embedded in the precast concrete or prestressed concrete, or they may be of a structure in which reinforcing bars, etc. are not embedded in the precast concrete or prestressed concrete.

[0013] The precast block 2 has a through hole 3 that passes vertically through and into which the support body 40 can be loosely inserted. In this embodiment, the through hole 3 is formed in one place in the center of the precast block 2. The precast block 2 in this embodiment is configured to include a block body 4 made of precast concrete and having the through hole 3 formed therein, a sheath pipe 5 that is fitted into the through hole 3 and extends vertically, a beam member 6 that protrudes to the inside of the through hole 3 in a plan view, and a hanging metal fitting 7.

[0014] In this embodiment, the block body 4 has a rectangular parallelepiped outer shape, but the outer shape of the block body 4 is not limited to a rectangular parallelepiped shape and may have other shapes. In this embodiment, a through hole 3 is formed in one place in the center of the block body 4.

[0015] The sheath pipe 5 can be provided in the precast block 2 as desired, and a precast block 2 without a sheath pipe 5 can also be used. As the sheath pipe 5, a resin tubular member formed of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) or the like can be used, or a metal tubular member such as a steel pipe can be used. In this embodiment, the upper end of the sheath pipe 5 is located at a position lower than the upper end surface of the precast block 2. That is, there is a portion above the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 where the sheath pipe 5 is not provided.

[0016] In the present invention, in the area where the sheath pipe 5 of the precast block 2 is provided, the inner peripheral surface of the sheath pipe 5 is the inner peripheral surface of the lower part of the through hole 3. In the area where the sheath pipe 5 of the precast block 2 is not provided, the inner concrete surface of the through hole 3 is the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 3.

[0017] The inner dimensions of the through hole 3 (in this embodiment, the inner dimensions of the sheath tube 5) are set to dimensions that allow the support 40 to be loosely inserted. The inner dimensions of the through hole 3 are preferably set to dimensions that provide a gap (clearance) of, for example, 5 cm or more and 20 cm or less, more preferably 10 cm or more and 15 cm or less, between the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 3 and the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 when the support 40 is inserted into the through hole 3 with the center position of the through hole 3 and the center position of the support 40 aligned in a plan view.

[0018] The beam member 6 is composed of shaped steel such as H-shaped steel or channel steel, or a rod-shaped member made of resin. In this embodiment, an H-shaped steel is used as the beam member 6. The beam member 6 extends horizontally, and the beam member 6 protrudes to the inside of the through hole 3 (sheath pipe 5) in plan view. At least a part of the beam member 6 extends to the outside of the through hole 3 in plan view. As illustrated in Figs. 2 and 3, in this embodiment, the beam members 6 are arranged so as to cross each other in a plan view, and the beam members 6 are bridged across the through hole 3.

[0019] As illustrated in FIG. 2, the beam members 6 are arranged, for example, above the sheath pipe 5 or on the sheath pipe 5. In this embodiment, grooves into which the beam members 6 are fitted are formed in the upper part of the sheath pipe 5, and the beam members 6 are fitted in the grooves. For example, the beam members 6 can be placed on the sheath pipe 5. The part of the beam member 6 located inside the through hole 3 is exposed, and the part of the beam member 6 located outside the through hole 3 is embedded in the precast concrete that constitutes the block body 4. The upper end of the beam member 6 is arranged at a position lower than the upper end surface of the precast block 2.

[0020] The upper part of the block body 4 is provided with a number of lifting fittings 7 that are used when lifting the precast blocks 2 with a crane or the like. In this embodiment, a lifting fitting 7 is provided at each of the four corners of the upper part of the block body 4. The lower part of each of the lifting fittings 7 is embedded in the precast concrete that constitutes the block body 4, and the lifting fittings 7 are integrated into the block body 4. The lifting fittings 7 can be provided on the precast blocks 2 as desired. If the precast blocks 2 are to be lifted by a method other than the lifting fittings 7, a precast block 2 that does not have the lifting fittings 7 can also be used. Although not shown in this embodiment, if ancillary items such as mooring posts are to be provided on the superstructure 1, the ancillary items such as mooring posts can also be integrated into the precast blocks 2 (block body 4).

[0021] As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the blocking frame 8 is provisionally placed on the support 40 before the precast block 2 is installed on the support 40. The blocking frame 8 is fitted onto the support 40 in a state in which it can move up and down relative to the support 40. The blocking frame 8 extends outward from the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 in a plan view. The blocking frame 8 extends outward beyond the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 in a plan view. The blocking frame 8 is made of a plate-like member made of, for example, metal, resin, or wood. In this embodiment, the blocking frame 8 has a circular outer shape in a plan view, but the outer shape of the blocking frame 8 in a plan view may be other shapes such as a polygonal shape.

[0022] In this embodiment, a flexible gap filling member 8a is provided on the inner periphery side of the blocking frame 8 in a ring shape in a plan view. The rear end of the gap filling member 8a is joined to the blocking frame 8, and the tip of the gap filling member 8a on the inner periphery side is in contact with the outer periphery surface of the support 40. The gap filling member 8a may be made of a member having flexibility, conformability, and sealing properties, such as a rubber plate member or sponge. In this embodiment, a case where a rubber plate member is used as the gap filling member 8a is exemplified. The gap filling member 8a may be made of a single ring-shaped member, or may be formed into a ring shape by combining multiple divided members.

[0023] In this embodiment, an intervening member 8b is further provided on the inner surface of the blocking frame 8 that contacts the outer peripheral surface of the support 40, filling the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner surface of the blocking frame 8. The intervening member 8b that fills the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner surface of the blocking frame 8 can also be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support 40, for example. The intervening member 8b is made of an elastic member such as rubber. The intervening member 8b may be made of a highly elastic rubber material used in general packing, and may be either a solid body or a hollow body, but a solid body is more preferable. It is preferable that the outer diameter of the support 40 and the inner diameter of the intervening member 8b are substantially the same dimensions. The width (radial thickness) of the intervening member 8b is set to, for example, 5 mm or more and 15 mm or less, more preferably 8 mm or more and 12 mm or less. The intervening member 8b can also be made of a member that reduces friction between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner surface of the blocking frame 8, such as fluororesin. As a method for reducing friction between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner side of the closure frame 8, for example, a lubricant can be applied to the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 or the inner side of the closure frame 8. For example, wheels or bearings can be provided on the inner side of the closure frame 8 as a member for reducing friction between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner side of the closure frame 8. Note that the intervening member 8b can also be composed of a member that does not have the effect of reducing friction between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner side of the closure frame 8.

[0024] The occluding frame 8 of this embodiment is composed of a plurality of divided members that are radially divided in a plan view. The occluding frame 8 of this embodiment is composed of two divided members. One side of each of the two divided members is connected by a hinge portion 8c, and a connecting portion 8d is provided on the other side of each of the two divided members. Each divided member is fitted onto the support 40, and the connecting portions 8d of a pair of divided members are connected to each other, for example, by bolting, so that the occluding frame 8 is fitted onto the support 40. The occluding frame 8 can also be composed of, for example, three or more divided members. The occluding frame 8 can also be composed of, for example, a single member that is annular in a plan view. In that case, the occluding frame 8 is moved downward from above the support 40 to be fitted onto it. If the occluding frame 8 is composed of a single member that is annular in a plan view, there is an advantage in that the occluding frame 8 can be configured very simply.

[0025] 4 and 5, the contact maintaining means 9 is a means for maintaining a state in which the upper surface of the blocking frame 8 is in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2 when the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the lower end of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 is blocked by the blocking frame 8. In this embodiment, an elastic member 9a is used as the contact maintaining means 9. As the elastic member 9a, for example, a rubber string-like member, a band-like member, a spring member, or the like is used.

[0026] As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in this embodiment, the fixing part 11 is fixed to the upper part of the support body 40 located above the blocking frame body 8, and the fixing part 11 and the upper end part of the blocking frame body 8 are connected at multiple points by elastic members 9a. A plurality of elastic members 9a are arranged so as to surround the insertion hole inside the blocking frame body 8 in a plan view. In this embodiment, the fixing part 11, which is annular in a plan view, is fixed in a state of being fitted on the support body 40. More specifically, the fixing part 11 in this embodiment is composed of two divided members. One side of each of the two divided members is connected by a hinge portion 11a, and a connecting portion 11b is provided on the other side of each of the two divided members. Each divided member is fitted on the support body 40, and the connecting portions 11b of the divided members are connected to each other, for example, by bolting, so that the fixing part 11 is fitted on the support body 40 and fixed thereto.

[0027] The fixing part 11 can be formed of, for example, a single member having an annular shape in a plan view. In that case, the fixing part 11 is moved downward from above the support 40 and fitted onto the outside. When the fixing part 11 is formed of a single member having an annular shape in a plan view, there is an advantage that the fixing part 11 can be formed very simply. The fixing part 11 can also be fixed to the support 40 by, for example, other methods. In this embodiment, the upper ends of the multiple elastic members 9a are fixed to one fixing part 11, but, for example, a separate fixing part 11 can be provided on the support 40 for each elastic member 9a. For example, the fixing part 11 can be omitted, and the upper ends of the respective elastic members 9a can be directly joined to the support 40.

[0028] As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, in this embodiment, before the precast block 2 is installed on the support 40, the fixing portion 11 provided on the upper part of the support 40 located above the occluding frame 8 is connected to the occluding frame 8 by a plurality of elastic members 9a, so that the occluding frame 8 is temporarily placed on the support 40. That is, the occluding frame 8, which can move up and down relative to the support 40, is suspended by a plurality of elastic members 9a. As long as the occluding frame 8 can be suspended by the elastic members 9a, the number and arrangement of the elastic members 9a are not limited to this embodiment, and various other configurations can be used. Note that the elastic members 9a are not limited to the case where the entire range in the longitudinal direction is made of an elastic material, and at least a part of the longitudinal direction of the elastic members 9a may be made of an elastic material. That is, a part of the elastic members 9a may be made of a material that does not have elasticity.

[0029] In this embodiment, a plurality of hanging members 10 are further provided on the closure frame 8. For example, a metal or resin string-like member or a cable-like member is used as the hanging member 10. The resin hanging member 10 may be formed of, for example, fiber-reinforced plastic (FRP). In this embodiment, a plurality of hanging members 10 are arranged so as to surround the insertion hole inside the closure frame 8 in a plan view. A plurality of lower connection parts 8e are provided on the upper end of the closure frame 8, and the lower end of the hanging member 10 is connected to each of the lower connection parts 8e. As illustrated in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, a plurality of upper connection parts 6a capable of connecting the upper part of each hanging member 10 to the beam member 6 are provided.

[0030] The specific work procedures for the construction method of the superstructure 1 of the present invention will be described below.

[0031] As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 having the above-mentioned configuration are fabricated in advance on land or on a ship in accordance with the size of the support 40 for constructing the superstructure 1. Then, the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are transported to the construction water area where the support 40 is erected. In this embodiment, the fixing part 11 having the above-mentioned configuration is also fabricated in advance on land or on a ship in accordance with the size of the support 40, and transported to the construction water area. In this embodiment, the closure frame 8 and the fixing part 11 are connected in advance by a plurality of elastic members 9a, and the lower ends of the hanging members 10 are connected to the respective lower connecting parts 8e provided at the upper end of the closure frame 8, and the integrated product is transported to the construction water area.

[0032] During work in the construction water area where the superstructure 1 is to be constructed, a partition plate 30 is provided at a position a predetermined depth from the upper end of the support 40 to separate the inside of the support 40 into upper and lower parts. The outer dimensions of the partition plate 30 are set to be approximately the same as the inner dimensions of the support 40. There are no particular limitations on the method for installing the partition plate 30 inside the support 40, but for example, the partition plate 30 is fixed inside the support 40 by supporting the partition plate 30 with a hanging material such as a wire suspended from the upper end of the support 40.

[0033] As illustrated in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the blocking frame 8 is temporarily placed by fitting it to the support 40 in a state where it can move in the vertical direction. In this embodiment, each divided member constituting the blocking frame 8 is fitted to the support 40, and the connecting portions 8d provided on each divided member are connected to each other, so that the blocking frame 8 is fitted to the support 40. In this embodiment, the gap filling member 8a is provided in advance on the inner peripheral side of the blocking frame 8, and the gap filling member 8a is fitted to the support 40 together with the blocking frame 8. The inner peripheral tip of the gap filling member 8a is abutted against the outer peripheral surface of the support 40, so that no gap is generated between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the tip of the gap filling member 8a. As illustrated in FIG. 2, the tip of the gap filling member 8a is pressed against the outer peripheral surface of the support 40, and the tip side of the gap filling member 8a is curved.

[0034] Next, the fixing part 11 is fixed to the upper part of the support 40 located above the occluding frame 8. In this embodiment, each divided member constituting the fixing part 11 is fitted onto the support 40, and the connecting parts 11b provided on each divided member are connected to each other, so that the fixing part 11 is fitted onto the support 40 and fixed. Then, the occluding frame 8, which can move up and down relative to the support 40, is suspended by multiple elastic members 9a, so that the occluding frame 8 is temporarily placed relative to the support 40. In this embodiment, the occluding frame 8 is temporarily placed above the water surface position WL. The upper ends of the hanging members 10 are hooked onto the upper part of the support 40.

[0035] Next, wire rope hoists suspended from a crane are connected to each of the hoisting fittings 7 provided on the precast block 2, and the precast block 2 is lifted above the support body 40 by the crane. Then, with the through hole 3 provided in the precast block 2 and the support body 40 aligned, the precast block 2 is moved downward from above the support body 40, and the support body 40 is loosely inserted into the through hole 3 of the precast block 2, so that the bottom surface of the precast block 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the closure frame body 8.

[0036] Then, as illustrated in Figs. 4 and 5, the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward from the above-mentioned state to a predetermined installation height, and the upper surface of the blocking frame 8 is maintained in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2 by the contact maintaining means 9. In this embodiment, the beam member 6 protruding into the inside of the through hole 3 is placed on the upper end of the support 40, so that the precast block 2 is placed at a predetermined installation height and the precast block 2 is supported on the upper part of the support 40. Then, the blocking frame 8 closes the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the lower end of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2. When the precast block 2 is supported on the upper part of the support 40, the worker can stand on the precast block 2 and perform work.

[0037] More specifically, in this embodiment, when the bottom surface of the precast block 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the closure frame 8 and the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are moved downward from that state to a predetermined installation height, each of the elastic members 9a constituting the contact maintaining means 9 is extended. Then, an upward force F (urging force) is applied to the closure frame 8 due to the elastic force of the extended elastic members 9a attempting to contract, thereby maintaining the state in which the upper surface of the closure frame 8 is in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2. Furthermore, when the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the tip of the gap filling member 8a is maintained in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the support 40.

[0038] Next, the closure frame body 8 and the precast block 2 are connected with the hanging members 10, and the closure frame body 8 is supported (fixed) by the hanging members 10 in a taut (tensioned) state. In this embodiment, the upper ends of the hanging members 10 hooked onto the upper ends of the supports 40 from above the precast block 2 are pulled up to the upper connection parts 6a provided on the beam members 6, and the upper ends of the taut hanging members 10 are fixed to the upper connection parts 6a.

[0039] 6 and 7, with the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the lower end of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 blocked by the blocking frame 8 (including the gap filling member 8a), the filler material 20 is poured into the inside of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2. Then, the filler material 20 is filled into the inside of the support 40 above the partition plate 30, the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 above the blocking frame 8 and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 3, and the upper part of the through hole 3 above the support 40.

[0040] Filling the through hole 3 with the filler material 20 in one pouring is advantageous in reducing the number of work steps. For example, the filler material 20 can be poured in multiple steps. FIG. 6 illustrates a case where the filler material 20 is poured in two steps. In this case, in the first pouring, the first filler material 20a is poured between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 3 on the blocking frame 8 to a thickness of about 5 cm to 20 cm, and the first filler material 20a is solidified to form a thin bottom plate on the blocking frame 8 with the solidified first filler material 20a. Then, the remaining filler material 20 is poured and solidified so that the through hole 3 is filled. The elastic member 9a and the hanging member 10 are buried in the filler material 20. In FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, the area filled with the filler material 20 is indicated by diagonal lines.

[0041] After that, when a predetermined curing period has passed and the filling material 20 has solidified, the superstructure 1, in which the precast blocks 2 and the solidified filling material 20 are integrated, is fixed to the top of the support 40. With the above, the construction work of the superstructure 1 is completed.

[0042] In this way, in the present invention, the blocking frame 8 is temporarily placed by fitting it to the support 40 in a state where it can move in the vertical direction, and the precast block 2 having the through hole 3 is moved downward from above the support 40, and the support 40 is loosely inserted into the through hole 3 so that the bottom surface of the precast block 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the blocking frame 8. From that state, the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, and the contact maintaining means 9 maintains the upper surface of the blocking frame 8 in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2. This allows the blocking frame 8 to close the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the lower end of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 without performing work below the precast block 2 installed on the support 40. Thereafter, the filler material 20 is filled between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner peripheral surface of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 and solidified, thereby efficiently constructing the superstructure 1 above water without performing work below the precast block 2 installed on the support 40.

[0043] As in this embodiment, by using an elastic member 9a as the contact maintaining means 9 and connecting the upper part of the support body 40 located above the closure frame body 8 to the closure frame body 8 with the elastic member 9a when the closure frame body 8 is temporarily placed on the support body 40, the contact maintaining means 9 can be configured simply. By moving the precast block 2 and the closure frame body 8 downward to a predetermined installation height and applying an upward force F to the closure frame body 8 by the elastic force of the stretched elastic member 9a, the upper surface of the closure frame body 8 can be pressed against the bottom surface of the precast block 2, which is advantageous in preventing the upper surface of the closure frame body 8 from separating from the bottom surface of the precast block 2.

[0044] Furthermore, as in this embodiment, by providing a fixing part 11 connected to the upper end of the elastic member 9a and fixing the fixing part 11 to the upper part of the support body 40 located above the closure frame body 8 when the closure frame body 8 is temporarily positioned relative to the support body 40, the work of connecting the upper part of the support body 40 and the closure frame body 8 with the elastic member 9a can be performed very efficiently. Note that, without providing the fixing part 11, for example, the upper end of the elastic member 9a can be directly joined to the upper part of the support body 40 by bolting, adhesive, welding, or the like.

[0045] As in this embodiment, after the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the blocking frame 8 and the precast block 2 are connected by the hanging member 10, and the blocking frame 8 is supported by the hanging member 10 in a taut state. In this way, the load applied to the blocking frame 8 when the filling material 20 is filled can be supported not only by the contact maintaining means 9 but also by the hanging member 10. Therefore, by providing the hanging member 10, it is more advantageous to prevent the upper surface of the blocking frame 8 from moving away from the bottom surface of the precast block 2 during filling with the filling material 20, causing the filling material 20 to leak out. As in this embodiment, if the beam member 6 is provided with an upper connection portion 6a to which the upper end of the hanging member 10 can be connected, the work of connecting the blocking frame 8 and the precast block 2 with the hanging member 10 can be efficiently performed. Note that, for example, the upper end of the hanging member 10 can be directly connected to the beam member 6, the sheath pipe 5, the inner surface of the through hole 3, etc. by bolting, adhesive, welding, etc. without providing the upper connection portion 6a.

[0046] In this embodiment, the case where the blocking frame 8 and the precast block 2 are connected by the hanging member 10 is illustrated, but for example, after the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the blocking frame 8 and the upper part of the support 40 can be connected by the hanging member 10, and the blocking frame 8 can be supported by the hanging member 10 in a tensed state. In this case, too, the load applied to the blocking frame 8 when filling the filler material 20 can be supported not only by the contact maintaining means 9 but also by the hanging member 10, so that it is more advantageous to prevent the upper surface of the blocking frame 8 from moving away from the bottom surface of the precast block 2 during filling of the filler material 20 and the filling material 20 from leaking out. Note that the case where the blocking frame 8 and the upper part of the support 40 are connected by the hanging member 10 will be illustrated later in another embodiment.

[0047] As in this embodiment, by providing a flexible gap filling member 8a in a ring shape in plan view on the inner periphery of the blocking frame 8, and maintaining the inner periphery tip of the gap filling member 8a in contact with the outer periphery of the support 40 when the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward to a specified installation height, it is more advantageous to prevent the filling material 20 from leaking out below the blocking frame 8 during filling. Note that the gap filling member 8a can be provided arbitrarily as necessary.

[0048] If an intervening member 8b is provided on at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 or the inner surface of the blocking frame 8 to fill the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner surface of the blocking frame 8, it is more advantageous to prevent the filling material 20 from leaking out below the blocking frame 8 during filling. If the intervening member 8b is made of an elastic material, even if the blocking frame 8 (intervening member 8b) comes into contact with the support 40 when the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the intervening member 8b functions as a buffer material, which is advantageous to protect the outer peripheral surface of the support 40. Since a corrosion-resistant layer (corrosion-resistant cover) formed of resin or the like may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support 40, it is very effective in avoiding wear and damage to the corrosion-resistant layer. If the intervening member 8b is made of a member that reduces friction between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner surface of the blocking frame 8, the blocking frame 8 can move smoothly relative to the support 40 when the precast block 2 and the blocking frame 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height. This is therefore advantageous for smooth construction. In this embodiment, the intervening member 8b is provided on the inner surface of the blocking frame 8, but for example, the intervening member 8b may be provided on the outer peripheral surface of the support 40, or the intervening member 8b may be provided on both the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the inner surface of the blocking frame 8. If both the gap filling member 8a and the intervening member 8b are provided, it is even more advantageous to prevent the filling material 20 from leaking out below the blocking frame 8 during filling. The intervening member 8b can be provided as necessary.

[0049] As in this embodiment, when fabricating the precast block 2, if a beam member 6 is provided that protrudes inward from the through hole 3 of the precast block 2, then by placing the beam member 6 on the upper end of the support 40, the precast block 2 can be easily and stably installed on top of the support 40. After the precast block 2 is installed on top of the multiple supports 40, workers can stand on the precast block 2 to perform work, which is advantageous for improving construction efficiency.

[0050] The number and arrangement of the beam members 6 constituting the precast block 2 are not limited to the embodiment exemplified above, and for example, there may be one or three or more beam members 6 protruding into the inside of the through hole 3. Also, for example, a configuration may be used in which the end of the beam member 6 is arranged inside the through hole 3 in a plan view, and the beam member 6 does not cross the through hole 3. Also, for example, a configuration may be used in which two beam members 6 are arranged side by side inside the through hole 3 in a plan view.

[0051] Filling the through hole 3 with the filling material 20 in one pouring is advantageous in reducing the number of work steps. On the other hand, when pouring the filling material 20, the load of the filling material 20 is applied to the blocking frame 8. If the filling material 20 is poured in multiple steps and a thin bottom plate of about 5 cm to 20 cm is formed on the blocking frame 8 by the solidified filling material 20a in the first pouring, the thin bottom plate functions as a bottom plate supporting the load of the filling material 20 poured thereafter together with the blocking frame 8. Therefore, when pouring the filling material 20 in multiple steps, the number of work steps is greater than when all the filling material 20 is poured in one pouring, but there is an advantage in that the load on the blocking frame 8 can be reduced. Accordingly, the contact maintaining means 9 and the hanging member 10 supporting the blocking frame 8 can be simplified.

[0052] As illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, in the present invention, the contact maintaining means 9 can be configured, for example, by a buoyant body 9b provided on the closure frame 8. In this embodiment, the configuration of the contact maintaining means 9 and the method of holding the closure frame 8 in a suspended state by the hanging members 10 are different from those of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 7. The other configurations are the same as those of the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 7.

[0053] As shown in Fig. 8, in this embodiment, a buoyant body 9b is provided on the closure frame 8 as the contact maintaining means 9. The buoyant body 9b is a member having a lower density than water (seawater if the construction water area is an ocean area), and is made of, for example, resin, wood, etc. The buoyant body 9b can be made of, for example, a hollow box, or a foam having many air bubbles inside, such as polystyrene foam.

[0054] As illustrated in Fig. 8, in this embodiment, when the precast block 2 is temporarily placed on the support 40, the closure frame 8 provided with the buoyant body 9b is floated on the water. The closure frame 8 is fitted onto the support 40 in a state in which it can move up and down, similar to the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7. When the closure frame 8 is temporarily placed on the support 40, a part of the buoyant body 9b is submerged, and the upper end surface of the closure frame 8 is located above the water surface position WL. In this embodiment, a sponge with a closed cell structure is used as the gap filling member 8a.

[0055] In this embodiment, a connection part 12 for connecting the hanging member 10 to the support 40 is provided on the upper part of the support 40 located above the blocking frame 8. In this embodiment, the connection part 12, which is annular in plan view, is fixed in a state of being fitted on the support 40. More specifically, the connection part 12 in this embodiment is composed of two divided members. One side of each of the two divided members is connected by a hinge part 12a, and a connecting part 12b is provided on the other side of each of the two divided members. Each divided member is fitted on the support 40, and the connecting parts 12b of the pair of divided members are connected to each other, so that the connection part 12 is fitted on the support 40 and fixed. The connection part 12 can also be composed of a single member that is annular in plan view, for example. In that case, the connection part 12 is moved downward from above the support 40 and fitted on the support. When the connection part 12 is composed of a single member that is annular in plan view, there is an advantage that the connection part 12 can be configured very simply.

[0056] 8, in this embodiment, ring-shaped (annular) lower connection parts 8e are provided at multiple locations on the upper end of the closure frame 8. In this embodiment, a bundling jig 13 is provided as a tool for adjusting the length of the hanging member 10 extending between the support body 40 (fixed part 11) and the closure frame 8. The bundling jig 13 has a self-locking function (automatic tightening function) in which the hanging member 10 inserted in the bundling jig 13 can move only to one side relative to the bundling jig 13 and cannot move to the other side.

[0057] 1 to 7, in this embodiment, the precast blocks 2 and the closure frame 8 are prepared in advance on land, on a ship, etc., according to the size of the supports 40 on which the superstructure 1 is constructed. In this embodiment, the connection parts 12 having the above-described structure are also prepared in advance on land, on a ship, etc., according to the size of the supports 40. In this embodiment, the closure frame 8 and the connection parts 12 are connected in advance by a plurality of hanging members 10, and the integrated body is transported to the construction waters.

[0058] 8, one end of the hanging member 10 is fixed to the connection part 12, and the middle part of the hanging member 10 extending downward from the connection part 12 is inserted into the bundling jig 13. Then, the middle part of the hanging member 10 extending downward from the bundling jig 13 is inserted into the loop of the lower connection part 8e, and the middle part of the hanging member 10 extending upward from the lower connection part 8e is inserted into the bundling jig 13. The other end of the hanging member 10 extending upward from the bundling jig 13 is left in a free state.

[0059] During work in the construction waters to construct the superstructure 1, the partition plate 30 is fixed inside the support 40. Also, the closure frame 8 provided with the buoyant body 9b is fitted onto the outside of the support 40 in a state in which it can move up and down relative to the support 40, and the closure frame 8 provided with the buoyant body 9b is temporarily positioned relative to the support 40 while floating on the water.

[0060] Furthermore, the connection part 12 is fixed to the upper part of the support 40 located above the closure frame 8. In this embodiment, each divided member constituting the connection part 12 is fitted to the support 40, and the connecting parts 12b provided on the pair of divided members are connected to each other, so that the connection part 12 is fitted to the support 40 and fixed. In this embodiment, the closure frame 8 can also be configured, for example, as one member having an annular shape in a plan view. In that case, the closure frame 8 is moved downward from above the support 40 to be fitted to the outside. In the state where the closure frame 8 is temporarily placed on the support 40, the middle part of the hanging member 10 located between the binding jig 13 and the lower connecting part 8e is provided with a certain amount of slack. The other end of each hanging member 10, which is the free end, is hooked to the upper part of the support 40.

[0061] Next, a crane is used to move the precast block 2 downward from above the support body 40, and the support body 40 is loosely inserted into the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 so that the bottom surface of the precast block 2 is abutted against the upper surface of the closure frame body 8.

[0062] 9, the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are moved downward from the above-mentioned state to a predetermined installation height, and the contact maintaining means 9 maintains the state in which the upper surface of the closure frame 8 is in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2. In this embodiment, when the bottom surface of the precast block 2 is in contact with the upper surface of the closure frame 8 and the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are moved downward from that state to a predetermined installation height, an upward force F (urging force) is applied to the closure frame 8 due to the buoyancy of the portion of the buoyant body 9b that is submerged below the water surface. When the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are arranged at the predetermined installation height, the bottom surface of the precast block 2 and the closure frame 8 are positioned below the water surface position WL.

[0063] Next, the closure frame 8 and the upper part of the support 40 are connected with the hanging member 10, and the closure frame 8 is supported by the hanging member 10 in a taut state (tensioned state). As illustrated in FIG. 9, in this embodiment, from above the precast block 2, a worker pulls up the other end of each hanging member 10 hooked on the upper part of the support 40 to taut the middle part of the hanging member 10 located between the connection part 12 and the lower connection part 8e. In this embodiment, since the bundling tool 13 is provided, the worker can simply pull up the other end of the hanging member 10 to taut the middle part of the hanging member 10 located between the connection part 12 and the lower connection part 8e. After that, even if the worker releases his / her hand from the other end of the hanging member 10, the self-locking function of the bundling tool 13 keeps the middle part of the hanging member 10 located between the connection part 12 and the lower connection part 8e taut.

[0064] Before pouring the filler 20, the other end of the hanging member 10 protruding outside the precast block 2 is cut off and collected. Alternatively, the other end of the hanging member 10 is placed inside the through hole 3 so that it does not protrude outside the precast block 2. Thereafter, as in the embodiment illustrated in Figs. 1 to 7, the filler 20 is poured inside the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 while the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support 40 and the lower end of the through hole 3 of the precast block 2 is blocked by the blocking frame 8. After that, when a predetermined curing period has passed and the filler 20 has solidified, the superstructure 1 in which the precast block 2 and the solidified filler 20 are integrated is fixed to the upper part of the support 40.

[0065] In this embodiment, a buoyant body 9b is used as the contact maintaining means 9, and when the occlusion frame body 8 is temporarily placed on the support 40, the occlusion frame body 8 provided with the buoyant body 9b is floated on the water, thereby making it possible to construct the contact maintaining means 9 very simply.

[0066] When connecting the closure frame 8 and the support 40 with the hanging member 10 as in this embodiment, if a connecting part 12 capable of connecting one end of the hanging member 10 is provided on the upper part of the support 40, the work of connecting the closure frame 8 and the support 40 with the hanging member 10 can be performed very efficiently. In addition, if a binding jig 13 is used, the work of putting the hanging member 10 in a taut state can be performed very easily.

[0067] For example, the hanging member 10 may be tensioned by other methods without using the bundling jig 13. The connection part 12 may also be fixed to the support 40 by other methods, such as bonding with an adhesive or welding. Also, in this embodiment, one end of a plurality of hanging members 10 is fixed to one connection part 12, but, for example, a separate connection part 12 may be provided on the support 40 for each hanging member 10. For example, one end of the hanging member 10 may be directly joined to the outer circumferential surface of the support 40 by adhesive or welding without providing a connection part 12.

[0068] In the above, the elastic member 9a and the buoyant body 9b are used as the contact maintaining means 9, but the contact maintaining means 9 can be configured in various ways, not limited to the elastic member 9a or the buoyant body 9b, as long as it can maintain the state in which the upper surface of the occluding frame body 8 is in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2 when the precast block 2 and the occluding frame body 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height. For example, the contact maintaining means 9 can be configured to maintain the state in which the upper surface of the occluding frame body 8 is in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block 2 without applying an upward force F to the occluding frame body 8 when the precast block 2 and the occluding frame body 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height. Specifically, for example, a locking device (a device having a function similar to a stop stay of a door) that stops the occluding frame body 8 at a predetermined installation height when the precast block 2 and the occluding frame body 8 are moved downward to a predetermined installation height can be used as the contact maintaining means 9.

[0069] In the present invention, as in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 7, only the elastic member 9a may be used as the contact maintaining means 9, or as in the embodiment illustrated in Figures 8 and 9, only the buoyant body 9b may be used as the contact maintaining means 9. In the present invention, for example, it is also possible to use both the elastic member 9a and the buoyant body 9b as the contact maintaining means 9. In addition, the combination of the contact maintaining means 9 and the method of supporting the closure frame body 8 with the hanging member 10 in a taut state is not limited to the combination exemplified above, and any appropriate combination may be used.

[0070] In addition, the shape and size of the superstructure 1 (precast block 2) are not limited to the embodiment exemplified above, and can be configured in various other ways. In this embodiment, the superstructure 1 fixed to one support 40 is constructed as an example, but it is also possible to construct a superstructure 1 extending across multiple supports 40 by, for example, producing a precast block 2 having multiple through holes 3 and loosely inserting separate supports 40 into each through hole 3. In addition, it is also possible to construct a superstructure 1 having, for example, an L-shape, polygonal shape, or circular shape when viewed from above. In the embodiment exemplified above, the support 40 is a pile, but the same effect can be achieved by the same construction method even when the support 40 is a sheet pile. [Explanation of symbols]

[0071] 1 Superstructure 2 Precast blocks 3 Through holes 4 Block letters 5 Sheath tube 6 Beam members 6a Upper connection part 7 Hanging hardware 8 Closure frame 8a Gap filling material 8b Intervening member 8c Hinge part 8d Connecting part 8e Lower connection 9 Contact maintenance means 9a Elastic member 9b Buoyant body 10 Suspension members 11 Fixed part 11a Hinge part 11b Connection part 12 Connection 12a Hinge part 12b Connection part 13 Binding jig 14 Fastening hardware 20 Filling material 20a First filling material 30 Partition 40 Support WB Underwater ground WL Surface position

Claims

1. A method for constructing a superstructure on water, which is fixed to the upper part of a support erected on the waterbed, comprising: A blocking frame extending outward from an outer peripheral surface of the support body in a plan view is temporarily disposed by fitting the blocking frame body to the outside of the support body in a state in which the blocking frame body can be moved in a vertical direction relative to the support body; A precast block having a through hole penetrating vertically into which the support can be loosely inserted is moved downward from above the support, and the support is loosely inserted into the through hole so that the bottom surface of the precast block is in contact with the upper surface of the closure frame body, and from that state, the precast block and the closure frame body are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, while a contact maintaining means is used to maintain the state in which the upper surface of the closure frame body is in contact with the bottom surface of the precast block, A method for constructing a superstructure above water, characterized in that, with the blocking frame blocking the gap between the outer surface of the support and the lower end of the through hole, a fill material is filled between the outer surface of the support and the inner surface of the through hole and solidified, thereby fixing the superstructure, which is integrated with the precast block and the solidified fill material, to the top of the support.

2. The contact maintaining means is an elastic member, When the closure frame body is temporarily placed, an upper portion of the support body located above the closure frame body is connected to the closure frame body by the elastic member, A method for constructing a superstructure above water as described in claim 1, wherein the precast block and the blocking frame body are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, and an upward force is applied to the blocking frame body by the elastic force of the extended elastic member, thereby maintaining the upper surface of the blocking frame body in abutment against the bottom surface of the precast block.

3. A buoyant body is used as the contact maintaining means, When the closure frame is temporarily placed, the closure frame provided with the buoyant body is floated on the water, A method for constructing a superstructure above water as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the precast block and the blocking frame body with the buoyant body attached are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, and an upward force is applied to the blocking frame body by the buoyancy of the portion of the buoyant body that is submerged below the water surface, thereby maintaining the upper surface of the blocking frame body in abutment with the bottom surface of the precast block.

4. A method for constructing a superstructure above water as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein after the precast block and the blocking frame body are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the blocking frame body and the precast block are connected with a hanging member, and the blocking frame body is supported by the hanging member in a taut state, and then the fill material is filled between the outer surface of the support body and the inner surface of the through hole.

5. A method for constructing a superstructure above water as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein after the precast block and the blocking frame body are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the blocking frame body is connected to the upper part of the support body with a hanging member, and the blocking frame body is supported by the hanging member in a taut state, and then the fill material is filled between the outer surface of the support body and the inner surface of the through hole.

6. A method for constructing a superstructure above water as described in claim 1 or 2, in which a flexible gap-filling member is arranged in a ring shape when viewed in a plane on the inner side of the blocking frame body, and when the precast block and the blocking frame body are moved downward to a predetermined installation height, the tip of the inner side of the gap-filling member is maintained in contact with the outer peripheral surface of the support body.

7. A method for constructing an above-water superstructure as described in claim 1 or 2, in which an intervening member is provided on at least one of the outer peripheral surface of the support body or the inner surface of the blocking frame body to fill the gap between the outer peripheral surface of the support body and the inner surface of the blocking frame body.

8. A method for constructing a superstructure above water as described in claim 7, wherein the intervening member is a member that reduces friction between the outer peripheral surface of the support body and the inner surface of the closure frame body.

Images