Fuel injector, engine and vehicle

Abstract

A fuel injector, comprising: a valve sleeve (10) provided with a valve cavity (11) and a fuel injection orifice (12) communicated with the valve cavity; a needle valve assembly (20) suspended or movably arranged in the valve cavity, the periphery of the needle valve assembly being not in contact with the inner wall of the valve cavity; a magnetic suspension structure (40) arranged on the needle valve assembly; and an electromagnetic driving assembly (30) arranged on the valve sleeve, wherein the electromagnetic driving assembly generates magnetic force when powered on and works in conjunction with the magnetic suspension structure to enable the needle valve assembly to be suspended or move in the valve cavity in the axial direction of the valve sleeve so as to open or close the fuel injection orifice. According to the fuel injector, metal friction between a valve rod and the valve sleeve is shielded, frictional wear of the valve rod is reduced, and clamping stagnation between the valve rod and the valve sleeve is prevented. Also disclosed are an engine comprising the fuel injector and a vehicle comprising the engine.

Description

Injectors, engines, and vehicles

[0001] This application claims priority to the Chinese patent application filed with the China Patent Office on June 14, 2023, with application number 202310707055.5 and invention name “Injector, Engine and Vehicle”, the entire contents of which are incorporated by reference into the application. Technical Field

[0002] The present application relates to the field of engine fuel injection technology, and in particular to a fuel injector, an engine, and a vehicle. Background Art

[0003] Fuel injectors are precision components manufactured with high accuracy. They offer a wide dynamic flow range, strong resistance to clogging and contamination, and excellent atomization performance. They receive injection pulse signals from the ECU to precisely control the amount of fuel injected. They are a core component of an automotive engine's electronically controlled gasoline injection system and significantly impact a vehicle's fuel combustion and emissions performance.

[0004] Currently, fuel injectors in the industry typically utilize a needle valve that moves frictionally within a valve sleeve, using the movement of the needle valve to close and open the injector. However, this movement creates significant friction and wear, which can easily lead to abnormal injection. Technical issues

[0005] The main purpose of this application is to provide an injector, an engine and a vehicle, aiming to solve the technical problem of large friction and wear of the needle valve in the existing injector. Technical Solutions

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel injector, comprising:

[0007] a valve sleeve, provided with a valve cavity and an oil injection port communicated with the valve cavity;

[0008] a needle valve assembly suspended or movably disposed in the valve cavity, wherein the outer periphery of the needle valve assembly does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity;

[0009] a magnetic levitation structure, provided on the needle valve assembly; and

[0010] An electromagnetic drive assembly is provided on the valve sleeve. When energized, the electromagnetic drive assembly generates magnetic force and cooperates with the magnetic suspension structure to cause the needle valve assembly to suspend or move in the valve cavity along the axial direction of the valve sleeve to open or close the oil injection port.

[0011] In one embodiment of the present application, the magnetic levitation structure includes a permanent magnet provided on the needle valve assembly, and at least three permanent magnets are provided at intervals along the circumference of the needle valve assembly, and each permanent magnet is provided with a corresponding set of the electromagnetic drive components.

[0012] In one embodiment of the present application, each set of the electromagnetic drive components includes:

[0013] a first electromagnetic coil, disposed on the inner wall of the valve cavity; and

[0014] A permanent magnet is provided in the needle valve assembly and arranged opposite to the permanent magnet. The permanent magnet has a first magnetic pole and a second magnetic pole in the movement direction of the needle valve assembly. By changing the direction of the current, the direction of the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil is adjustable to cooperate with the first magnetic pole or the second magnetic pole to drive the needle valve assembly to move away from or close to the oil injection port; the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coils in multiple groups of the electromagnetic drive assemblies when energized is the same, so as to simultaneously attract or repel the needle valve assembly so that the needle valve assembly is in the suspended state.

[0015] In one embodiment of the present application, each set of the electromagnetic drive components further includes:

[0016] a second electromagnetic coil, the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are arranged in a superimposed manner in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly, the magnetic forces generated by the first electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil when energized are in the same direction, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil cooperates with the first magnetic pole and the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil cooperates with the second magnetic pole to jointly drive the needle valve assembly to move toward or away from the oil injection port.

[0017] In one embodiment of the present application, each set of the electromagnetic drive components further includes:

[0018] a third electromagnetic coil, the first electromagnetic coil, the third electromagnetic coil and the second electromagnetic coil are superimposed in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly, the direction of the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil when energized is different from the direction of the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil when energized, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil cooperates with the first magnetic pole, the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil cooperates with the second magnetic pole, and the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil cooperates with the first magnetic pole and the second magnetic pole to jointly drive the needle valve assembly to move toward or away from the oil injection port.

[0019] In one embodiment of the present application, the injector further includes a gap sensor, which is arranged on the inner wall of the valve cavity to detect the distance between the outer wall of the needle valve assembly and the inner wall of the valve cavity. Each group of the electromagnetic drive components is correspondingly provided with one gap sensor.

[0020] In one embodiment of the present application, the injector further includes a control unit, the gap sensor and the electromagnetic drive assembly are electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the current value input to the electromagnetic drive assembly according to the detection value of the gap sensor.

[0021] In one embodiment of the present application, the needle valve assembly includes:

[0022] A valve stem, wherein the permanent magnet is disposed on the valve stem, the outer periphery of the valve stem does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity, and multiple groups of the electromagnetic drive components are disposed along the circumference of the valve stem;

[0023] a sealing ball, disposed at one end of the valve stem close to the oil injection port; and

[0024] A ball seat is provided with a sealing hole communicating with the oil injection port and the valve cavity, and the sealing ball cooperates with the sealing hole.

[0025] In one embodiment of the present application, the valve stem has adjacent driving sections and sealing sections, the permanent magnet is provided in the driving section, multiple groups of electromagnetic driving components are arranged along the circumference of the driving section, the sealing ball is provided at one end of the sealing section away from the driving section, the outer diameter of the driving section is larger than the outer diameter of the sealing section, and both the driving section and the sealing section are not in contact with the inner wall of the valve cavity.

[0026] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present application provides an engine, which includes the injector described above.

[0027] To achieve the above objectives, an embodiment of the present application provides a vehicle, which includes the engine described above. Beneficial effects

[0028] Compared to the prior art, the present application proposes a technical solution in which a needle valve assembly is disposed within the valve cavity of the valve sleeve. The needle valve assembly can slide within the valve cavity. The sliding of the needle valve assembly can open the fuel injection port to achieve a fuel injection state, or close the fuel injection port to achieve a fuel injection stop state. At the same time, an electromagnetic drive assembly is disposed within the valve cavity, and a magnetic levitation structure is disposed on the needle valve assembly. When energized, the electromagnetic drive assembly generates a magnetic force. The magnetic force cooperates with the magnetic levitation structure to cause the needle valve assembly to slide under the action of the magnetic force. This can prevent the elastic force attenuation problem caused by conventional spring drive, improve the reliability of valve stem movement, and ensure normal fuel injection of the injector. In other words, by adjusting the direction of the current flowing into the electromagnetic drive assembly, the direction of the magnetic force can be changed, thereby cooperating with the magnetic levitation structure to drive the needle valve assembly toward or away from the fuel injection port. Moreover, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic drive assembly can attract or repel the magnetic levitation structure, so that the needle valve assembly remains suspended in the valve cavity and does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity, thereby shielding the metal friction between the valve stem and the valve sleeve, that is, there is zero friction between the valve stem and the valve sleeve, thereby reducing the friction and wear of the valve stem and preventing the valve stem and the valve sleeve from getting stuck, which may cause abnormal conditions such as the injector not spraying oil or spraying oil frequently. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following briefly introduces the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the embodiments of the present application. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on the structures shown in these drawings without paying any creative work.

[0030] FIG1 is a schematic structural diagram of a fuel injection port in a fuel injection stop state according to an embodiment of the fuel injector of the present application;

[0031] FIG2 is a structural diagram of the fuel injection state of the fuel injection port in the fuel injector embodiment of the present application.

[0032] Description of Figure Numbers:

[0033] Reference numeral name Reference numeral name 10 valve sleeve 11 valve chamber 12 fuel injection port 20 needle valve assembly 21 valve stem 22 sealing ball 23 ball seat 30 electromagnetic drive assembly 31 first electromagnetic coil 41 permanent magnet 411 first magnetic pole 412 second magnetic pole 32 second electromagnetic coil 33 third electromagnetic coil 50 gap sensor

[0034] The realization of the objectives, functional features and advantages of this application will be further explained in conjunction with embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings. Modes for Carrying Out the Invention

[0035] The following will be combined with the drawings in the embodiments of this application to clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of this application. Obviously, the embodiments described are only part of the embodiments of this application, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments in this application, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative efforts are within the scope of protection of the embodiments of this application.

[0036] It should be noted that all directional indications in the embodiments of the present application (such as up, down, left, right, front, back, etc.) are only used to explain the relative position relationship, movement status, etc. between the various components under a certain specific posture (as shown in the accompanying drawings). If the specific posture changes, the directional indication will also change accordingly.

[0037] In addition, in the embodiments of the present application, descriptions such as "first" and "second" are only for descriptive purposes and should not be understood as indicating or implying their relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of the indicated technical features. Therefore, features defined as "first" and "second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one of such features. In the description of the embodiments of the present application, the meaning of "plurality" is at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless otherwise clearly and specifically defined.

[0038] In the embodiments of the present application, unless otherwise specified or limited, the terms "connection" and "fixation" should be understood in a broad sense. For example, "fixation" can mean a fixed connection, a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can mean a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can mean a direct connection or an indirect connection through an intermediate medium; it can mean the internal connection between two elements or the interaction between two elements, unless otherwise specified. For those of ordinary skill in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present application can be understood according to the specific circumstances.

[0039] In addition, the technical solutions between the various embodiments of the present application can be combined with each other, but it must be based on the fact that ordinary technicians in this field can implement it. When the combination of technical solutions is mutually contradictory or cannot be implemented, it should be deemed that such a combination of technical solutions does not exist and is not within the scope of protection required by the embodiments of the present application.

[0040] Conventional electromagnetic or piezoelectric crystal injectors are the main types of injectors used in methanol-fueled engines. The valve stem of the injector is guided by a guide sleeve. During the movement of the valve stem, the valve stem and the guide sleeve are always in contact and there is friction and wear. In addition, the fuel itself has poor lubricity and is corrosive. After a certain period of endurance, the wear of the valve stem increases, thereby increasing the movement resistance. The wear of the valve stem and the guide sleeve is prone to cause jamming, resulting in the injector not spraying oil or spraying frequently.

[0041] In view of this, the embodiments of the present application provide an injector, an engine, and a vehicle. By adjusting the direction of the current passed into the electromagnetic drive assembly, the direction of the magnetic force can be changed, thereby driving the needle valve assembly to move away from or closer to the injection port. Moreover, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic drive assembly can attract or repel the magnetic levitation structure, so that the needle valve assembly remains suspended in the valve cavity and does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity, thereby shielding the metal friction between the valve stem and the valve sleeve. In other words, there is zero friction between the valve stem and the valve sleeve, thereby reducing the friction and wear of the valve stem, and preventing the valve stem and the valve sleeve from getting stuck, which may cause the injector to not spray oil or spray frequently, and other abnormal conditions. In addition, the present application adopts a magnetic levitation injector, that is, electromagnetic force is used to control the lifting, injection, seating, closure, and suspension of the injector needle valve assembly, which can prevent the valve stem and the valve sleeve from sliding up and down and causing jamming and elastic force attenuation.

[0042] In order to better understand the above technical solution, the above technical solution is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0043] As shown in FIG1 and FIG2 , an embodiment of the present application provides a fuel injector, which includes:

[0044] The valve sleeve 10 is provided with a valve cavity 11 and an oil injection port 12 communicating with the valve cavity 11;

[0045] The needle valve assembly 20 is suspended or movably disposed in the valve cavity 11, and the outer periphery of the needle valve assembly 20 does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity 11;

[0046] A magnetic suspension structure 40 is provided on the needle valve assembly 20; and

[0047] The electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is provided on the valve sleeve 10 . When energized, the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 generates magnetic force and cooperates with the magnetic suspension structure 40 to enable the needle valve assembly 20 to move axially along the valve sleeve 10 in the valve cavity 11 to open or close the oil injection port 12 .

[0048] At least three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are provided, and at least three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are arranged along the circumference of the needle valve assembly 20, so that the needle valve assembly 20 is in a suspended state during movement to maintain non-contact with the inner wall of the valve cavity 11.

[0049] In the technical solution adopted in this embodiment, a needle valve assembly 20 is disposed within the valve cavity 11 of the valve sleeve 10. The needle valve assembly 20 can slide within the valve cavity 11. The sliding of the needle valve assembly 20 can open the fuel injection port 12 to achieve a fuel injection state, or close the fuel injection port 12 to achieve a fuel injection stop state. Furthermore, an electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is disposed within the valve cavity 11, and a magnetic levitation structure 40 is provided on the needle valve assembly 20. When energized, the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 generates a magnetic force. This, in conjunction with the magnetic levitation structure 40, causes the needle valve assembly 20 to slide under the action of the magnetic force. This prevents the elastic force attenuation problem that occurs with conventional spring drive, improves the reliability of the valve stem 21 movement, and ensures normal fuel injection from the injector. In other words, by adjusting the direction of the current flowing into the electromagnetic drive assembly 30, the direction of the magnetic force can be changed, thereby driving the needle valve assembly 20 to move away from or toward the fuel injection port 12. Moreover, the magnetic force generated by the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 can attract or repel the magnetic levitation structure 40, so that the needle valve assembly 20 remains in a suspended state during movement and does not contact the inner wall of the valve chamber 11, thereby shielding the metal friction between the valve stem 21 and the valve sleeve 10, that is, there is zero friction between the valve stem 21 and the valve sleeve 10, thereby reducing the friction and wear of the valve stem 21, and preventing the valve stem 21 and the valve sleeve 10 from getting stuck, resulting in abnormal conditions such as the injector not spraying oil or constantly spraying oil.

[0050] Referring to Figures 1 and 2, in one embodiment of the present application, a magnetic levitation structure 40 includes a permanent magnet 41 disposed on the needle valve assembly 20. At least three permanent magnets 41 are spaced apart along the circumference of the needle valve assembly 20, and each permanent magnet 41 corresponds to a set of the electromagnetic drive assembly 30. In other words, the needle valve assembly 20 is provided with permanent magnets 41, and at least three sets of permanent magnets 41 are spaced apart along the circumference of the needle valve assembly 20, forming the magnetic levitation structure 40. The permanent magnets 41 have permanent magnetism, and each permanent magnet 41 corresponds to a set of the electromagnetic drive assembly 30. In other words, at least three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are provided, corresponding one to each permanent magnet 41. It can be understood that at least three groups of electromagnetic drive components 30 generate the same force on the permanent magnet 41 when powered, that is, the three groups of electromagnetic drive components 30 simultaneously attract or repel the permanent magnet 41 in the radial direction of the needle valve assembly 20, so that the needle valve assembly 20 remains in a suspended state in the space surrounded by the three groups of electromagnetic drive components 30 and does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity 11, thereby shielding the metal friction between the valve stem 21 and the valve sleeve 10, that is, there is zero friction between the valve stem 21 and the valve sleeve 10, thereby reducing the friction and wear of the valve stem 21, and preventing the valve stem 21 and the valve sleeve 10 from getting stuck, resulting in abnormal conditions such as the injector not spraying oil or constantly spraying oil.

[0051] As an optional manner, the axial direction of the valve sleeve 10 extends in the vertical direction. It can be understood that the needle valve assembly 20 slides in the vertical direction. In one embodiment, the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is arranged on the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10. Specifically, the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10 is provided with a mounting groove, and the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is arranged in the mounting groove. The electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is provided with at least three permanent magnets 41, which can be three, four, five or more. The electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is arranged corresponding to the permanent magnets 41, that is, the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 can be arranged in three groups, four groups, five groups or more. This can improve the stability of the needle valve assembly 20 in the suspended state and prevent deviation. For the convenience of description, this embodiment is explained by taking the arrangement of three permanent magnets 41 and three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 as an example. For the arrangement of more than three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30, reference can be made to the arrangement of three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30, which will not be described in detail here. It is understood that when energized, at least three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 generate magnetic forces. The magnetic forces of the three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 can simultaneously attract or repel the permanent magnet 41, allowing the needle valve assembly 20 to remain stable under the action of at least three sets of magnetic forces and avoid contact with the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10, thus achieving a suspended state. It should be noted that the currents flowing through the three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 can be the same or different. If the currents flowing through the three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are the same, the distances between the side surfaces of the needle valve assembly 20 and the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10 are equal; if the currents flowing through the three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are different, the distances between the side surfaces of the needle valve assembly 20 and the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10 will vary. The preferred method can be selected in specific applications, but it is necessary to prevent the needle valve assembly 20 from contacting the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10. The current flowing through each set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 is not limited here. In order to improve the driving effect of the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 on the needle valve assembly 20, the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 is arranged close to the needle valve assembly 20, but the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 and the needle valve assembly 20 are not in direct contact. In other words, the distance between the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 and the needle valve assembly 20 should be as small as possible.

[0052] For example, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , in one embodiment of the present application, each set of electromagnetic drive components 30 includes:

[0053] The first electromagnetic coil 31 is disposed on the inner wall of the valve chamber 11; and

[0054] The permanent magnet 41 is provided in the needle valve assembly 20 and is arranged opposite to the permanent magnet 41. The permanent magnet 41 has a first magnetic pole 411 and a second magnetic pole 412 in the movement direction of the needle valve assembly 20. By changing the direction of the current, the direction of the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 can be adjusted to cooperate with the first magnetic pole 411 or the second magnetic pole 412 to drive the needle valve assembly 20 to move away from or close to the fuel injection port 12; the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coils 31 in at least three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 when energized is the same, so as to simultaneously attract or repel the needle valve assembly 20 so that the needle valve assembly 20 is in a suspended state.

[0055] Specifically, each set of electromagnetic drive components 30 includes a first electromagnetic coil 31 and a permanent magnet 41. The permanent magnet 41 is provided on the outer peripheral surface of the needle valve assembly 20. As an optional method, the permanent magnet 41 is detachably connected to the needle valve assembly 20, which can improve the convenience of disassembly and assembly. The permanent magnet 41 always has magnetic force. In the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20, the permanent magnet 41 has a first magnetic pole 411 and a second magnetic pole 412. One of the first magnetic pole 411 and the second magnetic pole 412 is an N pole, and the other of the first magnetic pole 411 and the second magnetic pole 412 is an S pole. For the convenience of description, the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 41 close to the fuel injection port 12 is positioned as the first magnetic pole 411, and the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 41 away from the fuel injection port 12 is defined as the second magnetic pole 412. The first electromagnetic coil 31 is disposed on the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10. When energized, the first electromagnetic coil 31 generates a magnetic force or magnetism. Adjusting the direction of the current flowing through the first electromagnetic coil 31 can alter the magnetic force or magnetism, thereby cooperating with the permanent magnet 41 to drive the needle valve assembly 20 toward or away from the injection port 12. It should be noted that the current flowing through the first electromagnetic coils 31 of at least three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 at the same time has the same direction, and the current magnitudes can be the same or different. Optionally, the first electromagnetic coils 31 of at least three sets of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are located on the same plane.

[0056] In one embodiment, the first electromagnetic coil 31 is positioned near the first magnetic pole 411 of the permanent magnet 41. The linear distance between the end of the first magnetic pole 411 facing away from the second magnetic pole 412 and the fuel injection port 12 is shorter than the linear distance between the end of the first electromagnetic coil 31 facing away from the fuel injection port 12 and the fuel injection port 12. Here, the linear distance refers to the length in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. It will be understood that the end of the first magnetic pole 411 facing away from the second magnetic pole 412 is lower than the end of the first electromagnetic coil 31 facing away from the fuel injection port 12. Thus, when current flows in different directions through the first electromagnetic coil 31, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 attracts the first magnetic pole 411, driving the needle valve assembly 20 away from the fuel injection port 12, or the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 repels the first magnetic pole 411, driving the needle valve assembly 20 toward the fuel injection port 12.

[0057] In another embodiment, the first electromagnetic coil 31 is positioned near the second magnetic pole 412 of the permanent magnet 41. The linear distance between the end of the second magnetic pole 412 of the permanent magnet 41 facing away from the first magnetic pole 411 and the fuel injection port 12 is greater than the linear distance between the end of the first electromagnetic coil 31 facing the fuel injection port 12 and the fuel injection port 12. Here, the linear distance refers to the length in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. It will be understood that in this case, the end of the second magnetic pole 412 facing away from the first magnetic pole 411 is higher than the end of the first electromagnetic coil 31 facing the fuel injection port 12. In this way, when current flows in different directions through the first electromagnetic coil 31, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 attracts the second magnetic pole 412, driving the needle valve assembly 20 toward the fuel injection port 12, or the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 repels the second magnetic pole 412, driving the needle valve assembly 20 away from the fuel injection port 12.

[0058] For example, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , in one embodiment of the present application, each set of electromagnetic drive components 30 further includes:

[0059] The second electromagnetic coil 32, the first electromagnetic coil 31 and the second electromagnetic coil 32 are arranged in a superimposed manner in the movement direction of the needle valve assembly 20. The magnetic forces generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 and the second electromagnetic coil 32 when energized are in the same direction. The magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 cooperates with the first magnetic pole 411 and the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil 32 cooperates with the second magnetic pole 412 to jointly drive the needle valve assembly 20 to move toward or away from the fuel injection port 12.

[0060] Specifically, each electromagnetic drive assembly 30 further includes a second electromagnetic coil 32. The first electromagnetic coil 31 and the second electromagnetic coil 32 are arranged superimposed in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. For ease of description, the first electromagnetic coil 31 is defined as being arranged on the side of the second electromagnetic coil 32 facing away from the fuel injection port 12. In this embodiment, the linear distance between the end of the first magnetic pole 411 facing away from the second magnetic pole 412 and the fuel injection port 12 is less than the linear distance between the end of the first electromagnetic coil 31 facing away from the fuel injection port 12 and the fuel injection port 12. Here, the linear distance refers to the length in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. It is understood that in this case, the end of the first magnetic pole 411 facing away from the second magnetic pole 412 is lower than the end of the first electromagnetic coil 31 facing away from the fuel injection port 12. The linear distance between the end of the second magnetic pole 412 of the permanent magnet 41 facing away from the first magnetic pole 411 and the fuel injection port 12 is greater than the linear distance between the end of the second electromagnetic coil 32 facing away from the first electromagnetic coil 31 and the fuel injection port 12. Here, the linear distance refers to the length in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. It is understood that at this point, the end of the second magnetic pole 412 facing away from the first magnetic pole 411 is higher than the end of the second electromagnetic coil 32 facing away from the first electromagnetic coil 31. With this arrangement, when current is passed through the first and second electromagnetic coils 31, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 attracts the first magnetic pole 411, while the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil 32 repels the second magnetic pole 412, thereby jointly driving the needle valve assembly 20 away from the fuel injection port 12. Alternatively, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 repels the first magnetic pole 411, while the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil 32 attracts the second magnetic pole 412, thereby jointly driving the needle valve assembly 20 toward the fuel injection port 12. In other words, the two forces exerted on the permanent magnet 41 by the first and second electromagnetic coils 31, 32, provide sufficient driving force for the needle valve assembly 20, ensuring normal movement of the needle valve assembly 20 and preventing jamming that could cause abnormal fuel injection. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the currents passing through the first and second electromagnetic coils 31, 32 at the same time are directed in the same direction. In addition, the first electromagnetic coils 31 and the second electromagnetic coils 32 in the at least three sets of electromagnetic drive components 30 are in the same plane.

[0061] For example, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , in one embodiment of the present application, each set of electromagnetic drive components 30 further includes:

[0062] The third electromagnetic coil 33, the first electromagnetic coil 31, the third electromagnetic coil 33 and the second electromagnetic coil 32 are superimposed on each other in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. The direction of the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 when energized is different from the direction of the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 when energized. The magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 cooperates with the first magnetic pole 411, the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil 32 cooperates with the second magnetic pole 412, and the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 cooperates with the first magnetic pole 411 and the second magnetic pole 412 to jointly drive the needle valve assembly 20 to move toward or away from the fuel injection port 12.

[0063] Specifically, each electromagnetic drive assembly 30 further includes a third electromagnetic coil 33, which is disposed between the first electromagnetic coil 31 and the second electromagnetic coil 32. In this embodiment, the linear distance between the end of the third electromagnetic washer facing the first electromagnetic coil 31 and the fuel injection port 12 is greater than the linear distance between the end of the second magnetic pole 412 facing the first magnetic pole 411 and the fuel injection port 12, and the linear distance between the end of the third electromagnetic coil 33 facing the second electromagnetic coil 32 and the fuel injection port 12 is greater than the linear distance between the end of the second magnetic pole 412 facing away from the first magnetic pole 411 and the fuel injection port 12. The linear distance here refers to the length in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly 20. It will be understood that, in this case, the end of the third electromagnetic coil 33 facing the first electromagnetic coil 31 is higher than the end of the second magnetic pole 412 facing the first magnetic pole 411, and the end of the third electromagnetic coil 33 facing away from the first electromagnetic coil 31 is higher than the end of the second magnetic pole 412 facing away from the first magnetic pole 411. That is, the boundary between the first magnetic pole 411 and the second magnetic pole 412 is arranged corresponding to the third electromagnetic coil 33, so that the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 when energized can simultaneously act on the first magnetic pole 411 and the second magnetic pole 412. With this arrangement, when current is passed through the first, second, and third electromagnetic coils 31, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 attracts the first magnetic pole 411, the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil 32 repels the second magnetic pole 412, the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 repels the first magnetic pole 411, and the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 attracts the second magnetic pole 412, thereby jointly driving the needle valve assembly 20 away from the fuel injection port 12. Alternatively, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31 repels the first magnetic pole 411, the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil 32 attracts the second magnetic pole 412, the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 attracts the first magnetic pole 411, and the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil 33 repels the second magnetic pole 412, thereby jointly driving the needle valve assembly 20 toward the fuel injection port 12. That is, the four forces acting on the permanent magnet 41 generated by the first electromagnetic coil 31, the second electromagnetic coil 32, and the third electromagnetic coil 33 can further provide sufficient driving force for the movement of the needle valve assembly 20, further ensuring the normal movement of the needle valve assembly 20 and preventing jamming and abnormal fuel injection. It should be noted that in this embodiment, at the same time, the current flowing into the first electromagnetic coil 31 and the second electromagnetic coil 32 has the same direction, and the current flowing into the third electromagnetic coil 33 has a different direction from the first electromagnetic coil 31. In addition, the first electromagnetic coils 31 in at least three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are in the same plane, the second electromagnetic coils 32 in at least three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are in the same plane, and the third electromagnetic coils 33 in at least three groups of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are in the same plane.

[0064] For example, referring to Figures 1 and 2, in one embodiment of the present application, the injector also includes a gap sensor 50, which is arranged on the inner wall of the valve cavity 11 to detect the distance between the outer wall of the needle valve assembly 20 and the inner wall of the valve cavity 11. Each group of electromagnetic drive components 30 is correspondingly provided with a gap sensor 50.

[0065] Specifically, the fuel injector also includes a clearance sensor 50, one for each set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30. The clearance sensor 50 monitors the potential for collision between the needle valve assembly 20 and the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10 in real time, thereby adjusting the current flowing through the corresponding set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30. For example, a first set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30, a second set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30, and a third set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 are spaced apart circumferentially around the needle valve assembly 20. A first clearance sensor 50 is provided for the first set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30, a second clearance sensor 50 is provided for the second set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30, and a third clearance sensor 50 is provided for the third set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30. If the value detected by the first clearance sensor 50 is smaller than that detected by both the second and third clearance sensors 50, this indicates that the magnetic force of the first set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 is relatively strong, and the current flowing through the first set of electromagnetic drive assemblies 30 needs to be reduced. With this arrangement, the magnitude of the current is controlled according to the real-time monitoring of the air gap sensor, so that each group of electromagnetic drive components 30 generates an appropriate amount of magnetic force, ensuring that the needle valve assembly 20 is suspended in the valve sleeve 10 and does not touch the inner wall of the valve sleeve 10, thereby preventing the needle valve assembly 20 from causing contact wear.

[0066] In one embodiment, each set of electromagnetic drive components 30 may be provided with a corresponding gap sensor 50, and the gap sensor 50 may be provided above or below the first electromagnetic coil 31. In another embodiment, each set of electromagnetic drive components 30 may be provided with two gap sensors 50, one of which is provided above the first electromagnetic coil 31, and the other of which is provided below the first electromagnetic coil 31. This can improve the accuracy of the gap detection results.

[0067] For example, in one embodiment of the present application, the injector further includes a control unit, to which the clearance sensor 50 and the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 are both electrically connected. The control unit adjusts the current input to the electromagnetic drive assembly 30 based on the detection value of the clearance sensor 50. This arrangement replaces manual adjustment and enables automatic current adjustment, improving the efficiency of current adjustment and effectively reducing the risk of contact between the needle valve assembly 20 and the valve sleeve 10.

[0068] Exemplarily, referring to FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 , in one embodiment of the present application, the needle valve assembly 20 includes:

[0069] The valve stem 21 and the permanent magnet 41 are arranged on the valve stem 21. The outer periphery of the valve stem 21 does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity 11. The multiple sets of electromagnetic drive components 30 are arranged along the circumference of the valve stem 21.

[0070] A sealing ball 22 is provided at one end of the valve stem 21 close to the oil injection port 12; and

[0071] The ball seat 23 is disposed in the valve cavity 11 and has a sealing hole communicating with the oil injection port 12 and the valve cavity 11 , and the sealing ball 22 cooperates with the sealing hole.

[0072] Specifically, the needle valve assembly 20 includes a valve stem 21, a sealing ball 22, and a ball seat 23. A permanent magnet 41 is mounted on the valve stem 21. The magnetic force of the valve stem 21 causes the sealing ball 22 to engage or disengage from the sealing hole, enabling or stopping oil injection. It is understood that the cooperation between the sealing ball 22 and the ball seat 23 improves the sealing effect and prevents oil leakage.

[0073] For example, in one embodiment of the present application, the valve stem 21 has an adjacent driving section and a sealing section, a permanent magnet 41 is provided in the driving section, a plurality of sets of electromagnetic driving components 30 are provided along the circumference of the driving section, a sealing ball 22 is provided at one end of the sealing section away from the driving section, the outer diameter of the driving section is larger than the outer diameter of the sealing section, and both the driving section and the sealing section are not in contact with the inner wall of the valve cavity 11. This arrangement can reduce the overall weight of the valve stem 21 and ensure the reliable movement of the valve stem 21. Moreover, the permanent magnet 41 is provided in the driving section, which can reduce the distance between the permanent magnet 41 and the coil, thereby increasing the effect of the magnetic force generated by the coil when energized on the permanent magnet 41, further improving the stability and reliability of the movement of the valve stem 21, and preventing jamming.

[0074] To achieve the above objectives, the present invention provides an engine comprising the fuel injector described above. The specific structure of the fuel injector is similar to that of the above embodiment. Since the engine utilizes all of the technical solutions of the above embodiment, it possesses at least all of the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiment, and therefore, no further elaboration is required here.

[0075] To achieve the above objectives, the present application provides a vehicle comprising the engine described above. Specifically, the specific structure of the engine is similar to that of the above embodiment. Since the vehicle utilizes all of the technical solutions of the above embodiment, it at least possesses all of the beneficial effects brought about by the technical solutions of the above embodiment, and therefore, no further elaboration is required here.

[0076] The above description is merely an embodiment of the present application and does not limit the patent scope of the embodiments of the present application. All equivalent structural transformations made using the contents of the description and drawings of the embodiments of the present application under the inventive concept of the embodiments of the present application, or direct / indirect application in other related technical fields are included in the patent protection scope of the embodiments of the present application.

Claims

1. A fuel injector, wherein: The fuel injector comprises: A valve sleeve (10) is provided with a valve cavity (11) and an oil injection port (12) communicated with the valve cavity (11); A needle valve assembly (20) is suspended or movably disposed in the valve cavity (11), and the outer periphery of the needle valve assembly (20) does not contact the inner wall of the valve cavity (11); A magnetic suspension structure (40), arranged on the needle valve assembly (20); An electromagnetic drive assembly (30) is disposed on the valve sleeve (10); the electromagnetic drive assembly (30) generates magnetic force when powered on and cooperates with the magnetic suspension structure (40) to cause the needle valve assembly (20) to suspend or move in the valve cavity (11) along the axial direction of the valve sleeve (10) to open or close the oil injection port (12).

2. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein: The magnetic suspension structure (40) comprises a permanent magnet (41) provided on the needle valve assembly (20), wherein at least three permanent magnets (41) are provided at intervals along the circumference of the needle valve assembly (20), and each permanent magnet (41) is provided with a corresponding set of the electromagnetic drive assemblies (30).

3. The fuel injector according to claim 1, wherein: Each set of the electromagnetic drive components (30) comprises: A first electromagnetic coil (31) is arranged on the inner wall of the valve cavity (11) and is arranged opposite to the permanent magnet (41); the permanent magnet (41) has a first magnetic pole (411) and a second magnetic pole (412) in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly (20); the direction of the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil (31) is adjustable by changing the direction of the current, so as to cooperate with the first magnetic pole (411) or the second magnetic pole (412) to drive the needle valve assembly (20) to move in a direction away from or close to the oil injection port (12); the magnetic forces generated by the first electromagnetic coils (31) in the plurality of groups of the electromagnetic drive assemblies (30) when energized are in the same direction, so as to simultaneously attract or repel the needle valve assembly (20) so that the needle valve assembly (20) is in the suspended state.

4. The fuel injector according to claim 3, wherein: Each group of the electromagnetic drive components (30) further includes: a second electromagnetic coil (32), wherein the first electromagnetic coil (31) and the second electromagnetic coil (32) are arranged superimposed in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly (20), the first electromagnetic coil (31) and the second electromagnetic coil (32) generate the same magnetic force when energized, the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil (31) cooperates with the first magnetic pole (411) and the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil (32) cooperates with the second magnetic pole (412) to jointly drive the needle valve assembly (20) to move in a direction close to or away from the oil injection port (12).

5. The fuel injector according to claim 4, wherein: Each group of the electromagnetic drive components (30) further includes: A third electromagnetic coil (33), the first electromagnetic coil (31), the third electromagnetic coil (33) and the second electromagnetic coil (32) are arranged in a superimposed manner in the direction of movement of the needle valve assembly (20); the direction of the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil (33) when energized is different from the direction of the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil (31) when energized; the magnetic force generated by the first electromagnetic coil (31) cooperates with the first magnetic pole (411), the magnetic force generated by the second electromagnetic coil (32) cooperates with the second magnetic pole (412), and the magnetic force generated by the third electromagnetic coil (33) cooperates with the first magnetic pole (411) and the second magnetic pole (412) to jointly drive the needle valve assembly (20) to move in a direction close to or away from the fuel injection port (12).

6. The fuel injector according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: The fuel injector further comprises a clearance sensor (50) disposed on the inner wall of the valve cavity (11) to detect the distance between the outer wall of the needle valve assembly (20) and the inner wall of the valve cavity (11), and each group of the electromagnetic drive assemblies (30) is provided with a corresponding clearance sensor (50).

7. The fuel injector according to claim 6, wherein: The fuel injector further comprises a control unit, the gap sensor (50) and the electromagnetic drive component (30) are both electrically connected to the control unit, and the control unit adjusts the current value input to the electromagnetic drive component (30) according to the detection value of the gap sensor (50).

8. The fuel injector according to any one of claims 3 to 5, wherein: The needle valve assembly (20) comprises: A valve stem (21), the permanent magnet (41) being arranged on the valve stem (21), the outer circumference of the valve stem (21) not being in contact with the inner wall of the valve cavity (11), and a plurality of groups of electromagnetic drive components (30) being arranged along the circumference of the valve stem (21); A sealing ball (22) is arranged at one end of the valve stem (21) close to the oil injection port (12); and A ball seat (23), the ball seat (23) having a sealing hole communicating with the oil injection port (12) and the valve chamber (11), the sealing ball (22) being matched with the sealing hole.

9. The fuel injector according to claim 8, wherein: The valve stem (21) has an adjacent driving section and a sealing section, the permanent magnet (41) is arranged on the driving section, a plurality of groups of electromagnetic driving components (30) are arranged along the circumference of the driving section, the sealing ball (22) is arranged at one end of the sealing section away from the driving section, the outer diameter of the driving section is larger than the outer diameter of the sealing section, and the driving section and the sealing section are not in contact with the inner wall of the valve cavity (11).

10. An engine, wherein: The engine comprises the injector according to any one of claims 1-9.

11. A vehicle, wherein: The vehicle includes the engine of claim 10 .

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