Composite pane and motor vehicle having such a composite pane

Abstract

The invention relates to a composite pane, comprising a first pane, a second pane and an intermediate layer between the first pane and the second pane, said intermediate layer having at least three carrier films and at least two active layers which are arranged between two carrier films in each case, characterised in that the at least two active layers in each case rest against two electrically conductive layers, wherein in each case at least one of the electrically conductive layers is segmented. The patterns of at least two different, segmented, electrically conductive layers differ from one another. The invention also relates to a motor vehicle having such a composite pane.

Description

[0001] 10 2023 134 812.4 November 19, 2024

[0002] Webasto SE M / WEB-873-WO

[0003] (R4668-23WO)

[0004] Composite pane and motor vehicle with such a composite pane

[0005] The invention relates to a composite pane having the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 and to a motor vehicle having such a composite pane.

[0006] Composite panes are known in practice in various designs.

[0007] Known composite panes typically comprise a first pane, a second pane, and an intermediate layer arranged between the first pane and the second pane. The known intermediate layers have carrier films and active layers arranged between the carrier films. Electrically conductive coatings are applied to the carrier films. The active layers are thus electrically switchable, whereby the light transmission behavior of the active panes can be controlled depending on a switching state. In particular, the active panes can be switched between a blocking state, in which they act like a diffuser or absorber, and a transmission state, in which light can pass through the composite pane essentially unscattered or unabsorbed.

[0008] However, the composite panes known from practice only allow a full-surface change in the transmission behavior of the composite panes.

[0009] The invention is based on the object of proposing a composite pane whose transmission behavior can be specifically adapted to specific requirements. Furthermore, the present invention aims to provide a motor vehicle with such a composite pane. This object is achieved according to the invention by the composite pane having the features of patent claim 1 and the motor vehicle having the features of patent claim 14.

[0010] According to the invention, a composite pane is proposed which has a first pane, a second pane, and an intermediate layer arranged between the first pane and the second pane. The intermediate layer comprises at least three carrier films and at least two active layers. The at least two active layers are each arranged between two respective carrier films. The carrier films each have at least one electrically conductive layer which can be electrically contacted. The at least two active layers are arranged such that they each rest on their upper side and their lower side against an electrically conductive layer, at least one of which is designed in a segmented manner.

[0011] The core idea of ​​the invention is therefore to enable segmented control of the active layers in that at least one of the electrically conductive layers, which is adjacent to a respective active layer, has individual segments which can be switched individually, so that the transmission behavior for light of the individual segments can be controlled separately depending on the switching state.

[0012] The segmented design of the electrically conductive layers in turn enables a segmented switching of the active layers between a blocking state, in which they act like a diffuser, and a transmission state, in which light can pass through the composite pane essentially unscattered.

[0013] The segmentation of at least a first of the segmented electrically conductive layers differs from the segmentation of at least a second of the segmented electrically conductive layers.

[0014] Because the at least two active layers can each be controlled via differently segmented electrically conductive layers, the transmittance of the composite pane according to the invention can therefore be adapted to a wide variety of requirements.

[0015] For example, the carrier film closest to the first pane and the carrier film closest to the second pane each have only one electrically conductive layer, while the carrier layer(s) arranged between active layers have two electrically conductive layers, ie are provided with an electrically conductive layer on both sides or are formed from an electrically conductive material, so that the carrier layer itself forms the electrically conductive layers.

[0016] In a preferred embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the segments of the segmented electrically conductive layers are separately electrically contacted and can therefore be controlled individually.

[0017] The segmented electrically conductive layers are, for example, divided into individual segments by means of non-conductive dividing lines.

[0018] In an exemplary embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the segments of each of the segmented electrically conductive layers are each electrically insulated from adjacent segments of the same segmented electrically conductive layer, that is to say in a transverse direction of extension of the composite pane or laterally, in particular by means of an electrically insulating dividing line.

[0019] Each segmented electrically conductive layer has, for example, at least two, in particular a plurality of individual segments, which are separated from one another by means of the electrically insulating separating line.

[0020] In a preferred embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, at least one of the active layers is a PDLC layer, i.e., a layer comprising a polymer matrix in which dispersed liquid crystals are contained as active substances, a liquid crystal layer (LC layer), an electrochromic layer (EC layer), or an SPD-based layer. For example, all active layers are PDLC layers.

[0021] In an exemplary embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the intermediate layer comprises at least one further active layer and at least one further carrier film with two electrically conductive layers.

[0022] The individual segments of the segmented electrically conductive layers can each have any shape.

[0023] For example, the individual segments of the segmented electrically conductive layers each have a shape such that they can be individually electrically contacted.

[0024] At least one of the segmented electrically conductive layers may have a plurality of elongated segments.

[0025] For example, all segmented electrically conductive layers have elongated segments.

[0026] For example, all elongated segments of the same segmented electrically conductive layers have the same longitudinal direction.

[0027] Longitudinal directions of elongated segments of different segmented electrically conductive layers may differ.

[0028] The elongated segments are thus arranged next to one another, for example, in such a way that a pattern formed on at least one of the segmented electrically conductive segments is striped.

[0029] The patterns of at least two different, segmented, electrically conductive layers differ from each other. For example, all segmented electrically conductive layers have a different pattern.

[0030] In a preferred embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, at least one of the electrically conductive layers is or comprises an electrically conductive oxide coating, such as an indium tin oxide coating (ITO coating), a carbon nanotube or a metallic coating, for example made of silver.

[0031] At least one of the segmented electrically conductive layers may comprise or be formed from an electrically conductive oxide coating, such as an ITO coating, and / or at least the non-conductive separating line, in particular a plurality of non-conductive separating lines.

[0032] For example, at least one of the segmented electrically conductive layers is or comprises a carbon nanotube or a metallic coating, for example made of silver.

[0033] In a preferred embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, at least one of the carrier films, in particular all carrier films, comprises a plastic, preferably polyethylene terephthalate (PET).

[0034] For example, in at least one active layer, exactly one of the electrically conductive layers adjacent to it is segmented, while the electrically conductive layer adjacent to the opposite second side of the active layer is continuously, i.e. uninterruptedly, electrically conductive, i.e. has no segmentation.

[0035] In the case of at least one active layer, both of the conductive layers adjacent to it can be segmented. In an exemplary embodiment of the composite pane according to the invention, the intermediate layer comprises two polyvinyl butyral (PVB) films.

[0036] The PVB films form, for example, a top and bottom side of the interlayer. The PVB films are thus applied to the first and second panes, respectively.

[0037] The laminated pane is, for example, a motor vehicle pane, in particular a panoramic roof pane or a sunroof pane.

[0038] Furthermore, the invention relates to a motor vehicle, in particular a passenger vehicle, which comprises a composite pane as described above.

[0039] Further advantages and advantageous embodiments of the subject matter of the invention can be found in the description, the drawings and the patent claims.

[0040] The scope of the invention includes all combinations of the features disclosed in the description, the claims and / or the figures, i.e. each of the features mentioned in the description can be part of the claimed subject matter independently of the other features mentioned in the respective context.

[0041] An exemplary embodiment of a composite pane according to the invention is shown in simplified schematic form in the drawing and is explained in more detail below. It shows: Figure 1 is a plan view of a vehicle roof with a composite pane according to the invention;

[0042] Figure 2 shows a section through the vehicle window according to Figure 1 along the line II-II in Figure 1;

[0043] Figure 3 is a bottom view of the composite pane according to the invention in an activated state of active layers; Figure 4 is a bottom view of a first of the active layers in the activated state;

[0044] Figure 5 is a bottom view of a first segmented electrically conductive layer in the activated state;

[0045] Figure 6 is a bottom view of a second active layer in the activated state; and

[0046] Figure 7 is a bottom view of a second segmented electrically conductive layer in the activated state.

[0047] Figure 1 shows a motor vehicle roof 10 of a passenger vehicle equipped with a composite pane. The composite pane is rigidly or immovably attached to a roof frame 14 fixed to the body. The composite pane is thus a motor vehicle window 16, in particular a panoramic roof window.

[0048] The motor vehicle window 16 has a first pane 18 facing a vehicle interior, a second pane 20 facing a vehicle exterior, and an intermediate layer 22 arranged between the first pane 18 and the second pane 20.

[0049] The intermediate layer 22 comprises a PVB film 44, a first carrier film 28, a first active layer 24, a second carrier film 30, a second active layer 26, a third carrier film 32 and a further PVB film 44 arranged one above the other in the following order (see Figure 2).

[0050] The active layers 24 and 26 are each a PDLC layer.

[0051] The carrier films 28, 30, and 32 are made of PET. The first carrier film 28 has an electrically conductive layer in the form of a coating 34 on a side facing the first active layer 24. The second carrier film 30 comprises, on its underside and on its top side, i.e., on its sides facing the first active layer 24 and the second active layer 26, a first segmented electrically conductive layer in the form of a coating 40 and a second segmented electrically conductive layer in the form of a coating 46, respectively. The third carrier film 32 has, on its underside, i.e., on its side facing the second active layer 26, an electrically conductive layer formed by a coating 34.

[0052] The electrically conductive coatings 34, 40, and 46 are each an ITO coating. However, any other electrically conductive coatings or electrically conductive films are also conceivable. It is also conceivable to manufacture at least one of the carrier films 28, 30, 32 itself from an electrically conductive material.

[0053] The electrically conductive coatings 34 are designed to be continuous. The ITO coatings of the segmented electrically conductive coatings 40 and 46 are interrupted by electrically insulating separating lines 42, forming a plurality of individual segments 36 and 38, respectively, which can be activated or controlled separately from one another (see Figures 5 and 7).

[0054] It is also conceivable to design the electrically conductive coatings 34 of the first carrier film 28 and the third carrier film 32 in a segmented manner alternatively or in addition to the electrically conductive coatings 40 and 46 of the second carrier film 30.

[0055] Activating individual segments 36 or 38, i.e., applying a voltage to them, results in the molecules of the first active layer 24 or the second active layer 26 in the regions adjacent to an activated segment 36 or 38, respectively, aligning themselves in such a way that light can pass through them (relatively more unhindered), i.e., they are switched to the transmission state. Regions of the active layers 24 and 26 adjacent to segments 36 or 38, respectively, to which no voltage is applied, are, in contrast, in a blocking state in which they act like a diffuser, i.e., their molecules are randomly scattered. In the blocking state, light passage through the respective regions of the active layers 24 and 26 is thus interrupted or at least reduced, whereby the first active layer 24 and the second active layer 26 are opaque or at least partially opaque in the respective regions.

[0056] In the embodiment shown in Figures 3 to 7, first regions 56 of the first segmented electrically conductive coating 40 and first regions 56 of the second segmented electrically conductive coating 46 are each activated, i.e. an electrical voltage is applied to them.

[0057] Second regions 58 of the first segmented electrically conductive coating 40 and the second segmented electrically conductive coating 46, however, are not activated.

[0058] It is also conceivable that a lower voltage is applied to the second regions compared to the voltage applied to the first regions 56.

[0059] This results in the first active layer 24 and the second active layer 26 each having transparent regions 48 and partially opaque regions 50.

[0060] The segments 36 and 38 of the first segmented electrically conductive coating 40 and the second segmented electrically conductive coating 46 are each strip-shaped, wherein a longitudinal extension direction of the segments 36 of the first segmented electrically conductive coating 40 differs from a longitudinal extension direction of the segments 38 of the second segmented electrically conductive coating 46. Because the first active layer 24 and the second active layer 26 are arranged one above the other, this creates a diamond-shaped pattern with transparent regions 40, partially opaque regions 50, and opaque regions 52, as can be seen in particular from Figure 3.

[0061] It is also conceivable that the segmented electrically conductive coatings have any other pattern.

[0062] List of reference symbols

[0063] vehicle roof

[0064] roof frame

[0065] Motor vehicle window first pane second pane

[0066] Intermediate layer first active layer second active layer first carrier film second carrier film third carrier film electrically conductive coating

[0067] segment

[0068] Segment segmented electrically conductive coating electrically insulating dividing line

[0069] PVB films second segmented electrically conductive coating transparent area partially opaque area opaque area first area second area

Claims

10 2023 134 812.4 November 19, 2024 Webasto SE M / WEB-873-WO (R4668-23WO) New patent claims 1. A composite pane, comprising a first pane (18), a second pane (20) and an intermediate layer (22) arranged between the first pane (18) and the second pane (20), which intermediate layer has at least three carrier films (28, 30, 32) and at least two active layers (24, 26), which are each arranged between two carrier films (28, 30, 32), wherein the at least two active layers (24, 26) each lie against two electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46), of which at least one of the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) is segmented, characterized in that patterns of at least two different, segmented, electrically conductive layers differ from one another.

2. Composite pane according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) is an electrically conductive coating applied to a respective one of the carrier films (28, 30, 32) and / or at least one of the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) is an electrically conductive film applied to a respective one of the carrier films (28, 30, 32) and / or at least one of the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) is formed by electrically conductive configuration of a respective one of the carrier films.

3. Composite pane according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that segments (36, 38) of the segmented electrically conductive layers (40, 46) are each individually electrically contacted.

4. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that segments (36, 38) of the segmented electrically conductive layers (40, 46) are each electrically insulated from adjacent segments (36, 38).

5. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one of the active layers (24, 26) is a PDLC layer, an LC layer, an SPD layer or an EC layer.

6. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the intermediate layer (22) comprises at least one further active layer and at least one further carrier film with two electrically conductive layers.

7. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the segmented electrically conductive layers (40, 46) each comprise a plurality of elongated segments (36, 38), the plurality of elongated segments (36, 38) each forming a pattern which differs from the pattern of the at least one other segmented electrically conductive layer (40, 46).

8. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the segmented electrically conductive layers (40, 46) each comprise a plurality of elongated segments (36, 38), wherein the longitudinal direction of the segments (36, 38) of different segmented electrically conductive layers (40, 46) differs from one another.

9. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) each comprise an electrically conductive oxide Be coating.

10. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the segmented electrically conductive layers (40, 46) each have a electrically conductive oxide Be layering and / or at least one electrically insulating separating line (42).

11. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that at least one of the carrier films (28, 30, 32) comprises a plastic, preferably PET.

12. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that in the case of at least one active layer (24, 26) exactly one of the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) adjacent thereto is segmented and / or that in the case of at least one active layer both of the electrically conductive layers (34, 40, 46) adjacent thereto are segmented.

13. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the intermediate layer (22) comprises two PVB films (44) which form an upper side and a lower side of the intermediate layer (22).

14. Composite pane according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the composite pane is a motor vehicle pane (16), in particular a panoramic roof pane.

15. Motor vehicle, characterized by a composite pane according to one of the Proverbs 1 to 14.

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