Method for supplying hydrogen fuel on basis of model customized for communication environment and control device using same

Abstract

The method for supplying hydrogen fuel to a vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel according to the present invention comprises the steps of: determining communication environments including at least one among the state of communication between the vehicle and a dispenser, an available communication protocol, and the communication level of the available communication protocol; determining the hydrogen fuel supply protocol between the vehicle and the dispenser on the basis of the communication environments; and supplying hydrogen fuel to the vehicle on the basis of hydrogen fuel supply protocol.

Description

Hydrogen fuel supply method based on a specialized model according to a communication environment and a control device using the method

[0001] The present invention relates to a control technology for hydrogen fueling of hydrogen fuel mobility, and more particularly, to a hydrogen fueling process that increases the efficiency of hydrogen fueling and the convenience, speed, and real-time nature of fueling, a hydrogen fueling method based on a model specialized according to a communication environment and a control device using the method related to a platform for the process.

[0002] The material described in this section merely provides background information for the present embodiment and does not constitute prior art.

[0003] Hydrogen vehicles, or hydrogen electric vehicles, are zero-emission vehicles that run on electricity generated by combining high-pressure hydrogen stored onboard with air. They are also called fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs). Most FCEVs use hydrogen as their energy source, generating electricity through a fuel cell system. FCEVs not only emit only pure water (H2O) during the electricity generation process, but also have the ability to remove ultrafine dust from the atmosphere during operation, making them a promising future eco-friendly form of mobility. Given the inexhaustible availability of hydrogen as a fuel and the environmental friendliness of the energy production process, they are gaining widespread attention as a technology with potential for widespread industrial application.

[0004] Hydrogen-fueled mobility refers to mobility that uses hydrogen as an energy source or fuel to generate electricity and use it to drive an electric motor. In addition to the hydrogen-powered vehicles described above, hydrogen-fueled mobility also includes aerial mobility, industrial trucks, trains, ships, and aircraft, as well as devices that use hydrogen as fuel to generate electricity and use it to drive vehicles.

[0005] Most hydrogen fuel cell vehicles use high-pressure hydrogen safely stored in hydrogen fuel tanks and oxygen supplied through an air supply system to deliver it to the fuel cell stack, where the electrochemical reaction between the hydrogen and oxygen produces electrical energy. This electrical energy is converted into kinetic energy via the drive motor, propelling the vehicle. While in motion, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles have the advantage of emitting only pure water through the exhaust.

[0006] Meanwhile, the concept of a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (HV)—not a hydrogen electric vehicle—also refers to a vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel. A HV uses the heat generated by directly combusting hydrogen in an internal combustion engine (ICE) to drive an electric motor. The method of supplying hydrogen for HVs is not significantly different from that for hydrogen electric vehicles.

[0007] The control technique for supplying hydrogen to a vehicle that uses hydrogen as fuel ultimately aims to control the temperature and pressure of the compressed hydrogen storage system (CHSS) on the fuel cell side to operate under the limit temperature and limit pressure conditions for the safety of hydrogen fuel supply.

[0008] The hydrogen fueling process, control techniques, and protocols for conventional hydrogen fuel cell vehicles were developed when wired and wireless communication technologies and control computing techniques were not yet mature. Therefore, they do not adequately reflect recent advancements in information and communication technology (ICT). Therefore, conventional hydrogen fueling technologies for hydrogen fuel cell vehicles are inefficient, slow, and unsuitable for large-scale hydrogen fueling.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention to solve the above problems is to propose a hydrogen fueling process for hydrogen fueled mobility, a communication protocol for the process, and a hydrogen fueling process that can overcome the limitations and vulnerabilities of existing one-way communication in the fueling protocol and improve the safety, compatibility, efficiency, and reliability of hydrogen fueling.

[0010] Another object of the present invention is to improve the speed and real-time performance of the hydrogen fueling process and to improve the accuracy of the control and prediction process of the hydrogen fueling process by utilizing additional means such as an artificial neural network model and / or model predictive control.

[0011] Another object of the present invention is to propose a process for applying an optimized communication protocol and fueling protocol that can utilize conventional or advanced communication media to enable hydrogen fuel mobility and dispensers to effectively achieve hydrogen fueling goals.

[0012] Another object of the present invention is to propose an optimized fuel supply process according to the surrounding circumstances and conditions when supplying hydrogen fuel.

[0013] According to one embodiment of the present invention for achieving the above object, a method for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-fueled mobility, which is performed in a dispenser that supplies hydrogen as fuel, may include: a step of determining a communication environment including at least one of a communication state between the mobility and the dispenser, an available communication protocol, and a communication level of the available communication protocol; a step of determining a hydrogen fueling protocol between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication environment; and a step of supplying hydrogen to the mobility based on the hydrogen fueling protocol.

[0014] The step of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining whether two-way communication between the mobility and the dispenser is possible.

[0015] The step of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining whether a communication protocol related to a hydrogen fueling protocol supports bidirectional communication between a mobility and a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility.

[0016] A method for fueling hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a step of determining whether the hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control.

[0017] At this time, in the step of supplying hydrogen to mobility, if the hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control, hydrogen can be supplied to mobility using a specialized model according to the communication level of the available communication protocol.

[0018] The step of determining the communication environment for a method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining whether the collection of static data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol. In this case, in the step of supplying hydrogen to the mobility, hydrogen can be supplied to the mobility using a specialized model and static data.

[0019] The step of determining the communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining whether dynamic data collection between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of an available communication protocol. In this case, the step of supplying hydrogen to the mobility may supply hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model and dynamic data.

[0020] The step of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining the reliability of static data or dynamic data collected between the mobility and the dispenser based on a communication level of an available communication protocol; and a step of determining, based on the reliability, whether the static data or dynamic data can be used for control or safety functions of the hydrogen supply process.

[0021] At this time, the step of supplying hydrogen to mobility in the method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of using static data or dynamic data when controlling the process of supplying hydrogen to mobility using a specialized model; and a step of using static data or dynamic data to determine whether the process of supplying hydrogen is performed safely.

[0022] In a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be a model that has learned a model prediction control (MPC) function.

[0023] In a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be an artificial neural network (ANN) model that has learned a control function of a hydrogen fuel supply process.

[0024] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a device for controlling a process of supplying hydrogen fuel to a hydrogen-using mobility comprises: a memory storing at least one command; and a processor executing at least one command, wherein the processor is capable of determining a communication environment including at least one of a communication state between the mobility and a dispenser, an available communication protocol, and a communication level of the available communication protocol, based on the at least one command, and determining a hydrogen fueling protocol between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication environment, and controlling the dispenser to supply hydrogen fuel to the mobility based on the hydrogen fueling protocol.

[0025] The processor, when determining the communication environment, can determine whether two-way communication between the mobility and the dispenser is possible.

[0026] When determining the communication environment, the processor can determine whether the communication protocol associated with the hydrogen fueling protocol supports bidirectional communication between the mobility and the dispenser that fuels the mobility with hydrogen.

[0027] The processor can determine, by at least one instruction, whether the hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control.

[0028] At this time, when the processor controls the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, if the hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control, the processor can control the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model according to the communication level of the available communication protocol.

[0029] When determining the communication environment, the processor can determine whether the collection of static data between the vehicle and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol. When controlling the dispenser to refuel the vehicle with hydrogen, the processor can use the specialized model and static data to control the process of the dispenser refueling the vehicle with hydrogen.

[0030] When determining the communication environment, the processor can determine whether dynamic data collection between the vehicle and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol. When controlling the dispenser to refuel the vehicle with hydrogen, the processor can use specialized models and dynamic data to control the process of the dispenser refueling the vehicle with hydrogen.

[0031] The processor can determine the reliability of static data or dynamic data collected between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication level of the available communication protocol when determining the communication environment, and can determine, based on the reliability, whether the static data or dynamic data can be used for control or safety functions of the hydrogen fueling process.

[0032] At this time, the processor can use static data or dynamic data when controlling the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, when controlling the process of supplying hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model, and can use the static data or dynamic data to determine whether the process of supplying hydrogen is performed safely.

[0033] In a device for controlling a process of supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-fueled mobility according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be a model that has learned a model prediction control (MPC) function.

[0034] In a device for controlling a process of supplying hydrogen fuel to a hydrogen-fueled mobility according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be an artificial neural network (ANN) model that has learned a control function of the hydrogen fueling process.

[0035] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the limitations and vulnerabilities of existing one-way communication in the hydrogen fueling process of hydrogen fueled mobility, the communication protocol for the process, and the fueling protocol can be overcome, and the safety, compatibility, efficiency, and reliability of hydrogen fueling can be improved.

[0036] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the speed and real-time performance of the hydrogen fueling process can be improved, and the accuracy of the control and prediction process of the hydrogen fueling process can be improved by utilizing additional means such as an artificial neural network model and / or model predictive control.

[0037] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an optimized fuel supply process can be implemented according to the surrounding circumstances and conditions when supplying hydrogen fuel.

[0038] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a hydrogen fuel supply and control process for hydrogen fueled mobility to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0039] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of state changes occurring during a hydrogen fuel supply process for a hydrogen vehicle / hydrogen mobility to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0040] FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a platform or test platform to which a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0041] FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a model prediction control (MPC) process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0042] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a platform or test platform for simulation used in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0043] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of modeling, predicting, or controlling a hydrogen fuel supply process using an artificial neural network (ANN) in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0044] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of controlling a hydrogen fuel supply process to reach a target output using model predictive control in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0045] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the training and inference process of an artificial neural network when an artificial neural network is used for model prediction control in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0046] FIG. 9 is a framework for functional blocks that perform a series of hydrogen fueling procedures that can employ a hydrogen fueling communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0047] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating a hydrogen fuel supply method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0048] FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a hydrogen fuel supply method according to one embodiment of the present invention, including a preliminary process for implementing the embodiment of FIG. 10.

[0049] FIG. 12 is an operation flow diagram illustrating an embodiment corresponding to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, assuming that the communication level is “0”.

[0050] FIG. 13 is an operational flowchart illustrating another embodiment corresponding to FIGS. 10 and 11, assuming a case where the communication level is other than “0”.

[0051] FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a generalized hydrogen fuel supply control device, hydrogen fuel supply control system, hydrogen fuel supply simulation device, hydrogen fuel supply simulation system, hydrogen fuel supply test platform, hydrogen fuel supply test system, or computing system capable of performing at least a portion of the processes of FIGS. 1 to 13.

[0052] In addition to the above purpose, other objects and features of the present invention will become apparent through the description of embodiments with reference to the attached drawings.

[0053] The present invention is susceptible to various modifications and embodiments. Specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in the detailed description. However, this is not intended to limit the present invention to specific embodiments, but rather to encompass all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention. Throughout the description of each drawing, similar reference numerals have been used to designate similar components.

[0054] Terms such as "first," "second," "A," and "B" may be used to describe various components, but these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are used solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, without departing from the scope of the present invention, the first component could be referred to as the "second component," and similarly, the second component could also be referred to as the "first component." The term "and / or" includes any combination of multiple related items listed or any one of multiple related items listed.

[0055] In the embodiments of the present application, “at least one of A and B” may mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.” Furthermore, in the embodiments of the present application, “at least one of A and B” may mean “at least one of A or B” or “at least one of combinations of one or more of A and B.”

[0056] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components intervening. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components intervening.

[0057] The terminology used in this application is only used to describe specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expression includes the plural expression unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this application, it should be understood that the terms "comprise" or "have" indicate the presence of a feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof described in the specification, but do not exclude in advance the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0058] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0059] Some terms used in this specification are defined as follows:

[0060] Hydrogen fueled vehicles generally include both hydrogen electric vehicles or hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) that use fuel cells, as well as ICE (Internal Combustion Engine)-based vehicles that use hydrogen as fuel.

[0061] Additionally, hydrogen fueled mobility refers to mobility that uses hydrogen as a fuel, and mobility can include automobiles in the conventional sense, automobiles, and hybrid vehicles that can utilize both human power and fuel.

[0062] In the following embodiments, a hydrogen fueling protocol and / or a communication protocol for hydrogen fueling may be applied in hydrogen fuel mobility.

[0063] The hydrogen fluid fuel may include gaseous hydrogen fuel or liquid hydrogen fuel.

[0064] Compressed Hydrogen Storage System (CHSS) refers to a device that compresses and stores hydrogen as part of the vehicle / mobility side.

[0065] A pressure relief device (PRD) is placed in the CHSS and is capable of isolating the stored hydrogen from the rest of the fuel system and environment, or, conversely, releasing the hydrogen to the outside.

[0066] Hydrogen charging basically refers to the process of supplying high-pressure hydrogen from a dispenser at a hydrogen charging station and compressing and storing it in a vehicle's tank. In the context of supplying hydrogen fuel to a hydrogen electric vehicle, "hydrogen charging" can be used interchangeably with the term "fueling." That is, in this specification, "fueling" can refer to fuel supply, hydrogen charging, or charging, and "charging" can refer to the charging of hydrogen fuel. For example, a fueling protocol can be referred to as a "charging protocol," a fueling session can be referred to as a "charging session," and a fueling method can be referred to as a "hydrogen charging method" or "fueling method."

[0067] Pressure Ramp Rate (PRR) is expressed in MPa / min and refers to the pressure increase rate of CHSS.

[0068] Average Pressure Ramp Rate (APRR) refers to the average pressure ramp rate from the beginning to the end of hydrogen fueling.

[0069] Pre-cooling refers to the process of cooling hydrogen in advance at a hydrogen charging station before charging.

[0070] A dispenser is a component that delivers pre-cooled hydrogen to the CHSS. The dispenser is placed at a hydrogen charging station and can perform hydrogen charging operations between the station's hydrogen storage tank and the vehicle's CHSS.

[0071] The nozzle is a device that is connected to the dispenser and is coupled to the receptacle of the hydrogen electric vehicle and allows the delivery of hydrogen fuel.

[0072] A fueling session may be used to mean communication sessions that occur across use cases for hydrogen fueling.

[0073] Interoperability can refer to the state in which components of a system can work together to achieve the intended function of the entire system. Information interoperability can refer to the ability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to share information securely and effectively and easily with little or no user inconvenience.

[0074] Correlation / Association may include the process of establishing a relationship between two peer communication entities.

[0075] Command and control communication may refer to communication between an electric vehicle hydrogen fueling device and a hydrogen electric vehicle that exchanges information necessary for starting, controlling, and terminating the hydrogen fueling process.

[0076] Meanwhile, in the detailed description below, for the convenience of explanation, embodiments related to hydrogen electric vehicles or fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) may be illustrated, but it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the spirit of the present invention can be applied to various types of hydrogen fueled mobility. Hydrogen fueled mobility refers to mobility that uses hydrogen as an energy source or generates electric energy using hydrogen as fuel and uses this to drive an electric motor. In addition to hydrogen electric vehicles, hydrogen fueled mobility may include aerial mobility, as well as industrial trucks, trains, ships, and aircraft, which produce electric energy using hydrogen as fuel and use this to drive devices.

[0077] In addition, the two-way communication process for hydrogen fuel supply of the present invention can be partially applied not only to hydrogen fuel mobility but also to buildings or facilities that use hydrogen as an energy source.

[0078] Additionally, in the following description, hydrogen fuel may include at least one of gaseous hydrogen and liquid hydrogen, and may basically mean compressed hydrogen, but is not limited thereto.

[0079] In addition, vehicles that utilize the hydrogen fuel supply communication two-way process are described with a focus on hydrogen electric vehicles (FCEVs) for convenience of explanation, but are not limited to this configuration and may also include hybrid EV (electric vehicle) vehicles that use hydrogen as fuel, and ICE (internal combustion engine) vehicles.

[0080] In the following specification, some or all of the communication method, communication protocol negotiation method, hydrogen charging (fueling) protocol negotiation method, and hydrogen charging (fueling) parameter negotiation method performed in hydrogen fuel mobility may be performed by an electronic control unit (ECU), a communication device, or a communication control device in hydrogen fuel mobility.

[0081] In the following specification, some or all of the processes of the communication method, the communication protocol negotiation method, the hydrogen charging (fueling) protocol negotiation method, the hydrogen charging (fueling) parameter negotiation method, the hydrogen charging (fueling) method, and the hydrogen charging (fueling) control method performed in the dispenser may be performed by a controller, an electronic control unit, a communication unit, or a communication control unit of the dispenser. In addition, some processes of the above methods may be performed by a controller, an electronic control unit, a communication unit, or a communication control unit of a charging station associated with the dispenser.

[0082] Meanwhile, even if a technology was known before the filing date of the present application, it may be included as a part of the composition of the present application invention if necessary, and this will be described in this specification to the extent that it does not obscure the spirit of the present invention. However, in describing the composition of the present application, a detailed description of matters that are known before the filing date of the present application and can be clearly understood by those skilled in the art may obscure the spirit of the present invention, and therefore, an excessively detailed description of the known technology will be omitted. For example, a technology using a thermodynamic model for hydrogen charging control, a technology applying a model prediction control (MPC) technique for generalized dynamic control, a technology configuring and controlling an artificial neural network for training and inference of an artificial neural network, etc., may utilize technology known before the filing date of the present application, and at least some of these known technologies may be applied as element technologies necessary for implementing the present invention.

[0083] However, the purpose of the present invention is not to claim rights to these known technologies, and the contents of the known technologies may be included as part of the present invention within a scope that does not deviate from the purpose of the present invention.

[0084] Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings.

[0085] FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a hydrogen fuel supply and control process for hydrogen fueled mobility to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0086] Referring to Fig. 1, pre-cooled hydrogen gas from a hydrogen charging station (Station, 200) is supplied to a hydrogen vehicle (Hydrogen fueled mobility / vehicle, 300) via a dispenser (100). At this time, the hydrogen fuel supply process can be described by parameters including the average pressure increase rate (APRR).

[0087] Hydrogen storage systems typically installed in vehicles can be broadly categorized into high-pressure hydrogen tanks, pressure control devices, high-pressure piping, and external frames. High-pressure hydrogen tanks have been developed and commercialized with capacities ranging from tens to hundreds of liters. For vehicles, small and lightweight storage tanks are connected in parallel to achieve high capacity.

[0088] A high-pressure hydrogen tank is widely known as a compressed hydrogen storage system (CHSS) (310). In this specification, for the convenience of explanation, the expression “tank” means CHSS (310), and for the convenience of explanation, the expressions “tank” and CHSS (310) may be used interchangeably.

[0089] In a typical hydrogen storage system, hydrogen storage is controlled by utilizing a boss unit that allows hydrogen gas to enter and exit the storage tank (310). Since hydrogen injection and use cannot be performed simultaneously, a valve, a pressure reducing device, and various sensors for measurement are attached to one boss unit to control hydrogen storage.

[0090] The interface between the hydrogen charging station (200) and the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) is handled by the dispenser (100), where the vehicle storage tank information and the fuel supply information of the charging station (200) are integrated to control the target pressure and injection speed, etc. An example of the control logic currently used is the control logic that follows the SAE J2601 (2020-05) standard.

[0091] In the prior art, there are two methods for transmitting information from a hydrogen fuel mobility (300) to a dispenser (100): a communication method and a non-communication method. Even when communication is used, in the prior art, the temperature and pressure values ​​of the vehicle storage tank (310) are simply transmitted in one direction to the dispenser (100), and the dispenser (100) does not actively utilize the information, but only uses it as a safety standard, such as an emergency stop at a temperature and pressure limit.

[0092] All charging logic for safe and rapid charging is managed in the dispenser (100), and the vehicle storage tank (310) has only the minimum safety management device that automatically releases hydrogen in conditions such as overheating through a pressure relief device (PRD) (320) without an active safety management method.

[0093] In order to cope with the phenomenon of the temperature of hydrogen gas rising during the hydrogen fuel supply described later in Fig. 2, the charging station (200) includes a high-pressure hydrogen storage unit (220) and a pre-cooler (210). The pre-cooler (210) supplies hydrogen gas to the hydrogen electric vehicle (300) via the dispenser (100) in a state where the temperature of the hydrogen gas is lowered through pre-cooling.

[0094] In one embodiment of the present invention, a basic configuration similar to that of the prior art is used, but a hydrogen fuel supply controller (110) inside a dispenser (100) actively controls a hydrogen fueling process by utilizing state information such as temperature and pressure received from a hydrogen fuel mobility (300) and a charging station (200), and state of charge information such as a state of charge (SOC, State of Charge) of a CHSS (310).

[0095] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the charging speed is controlled in real time by utilizing real-time temperature data of the vehicle storage tank (310), and is designed to operate at the highest charging speed that satisfies conditions below the safety limit, thereby reducing the charging time within the available range.

[0096] The charging protocol of the prior art has a problem in that the boundary conditions for safety are excessively set, so that the temperature of most storage tanks (310) is measured to be around 40 to 50°C at the time of charging completion, and thus the charging is supplied after excessive pre-cooling.

[0097] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the cooling load of the charging station (200) can be optimized by actively controlling the amount of pre-cooling required and the amount provided, thereby increasing the operating efficiency of the hydrogen charging station (200).

[0098] Conventional protocols centered on lightweight hydrogen electric vehicles have the problem that all variables must be reset and reflected in the standard when charging new mobility vehicles.

[0099] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a control technique that updates the logic itself through a certain learning and training process when applying a new device to an ANN-based learnable charging logic can be widely applied to various mobility areas.

[0100] The only measure to prevent overheating of the storage tank of a conventional hydrogen electric vehicle is to release gas through a pressure relief device / PRD (Pressure Relief Device) (320) when overheating exceeds a certain temperature.

[0101] According to one embodiment of the present invention, by installing a cooling system (330) to be described later in the storage tank (310) itself, the charging speed can be increased, and at the same time, overheating of the storage tank (310) can be actively dealt with, thereby improving the safety of hydrogen fuel mobility (300).

[0102] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to safely charge / supply hydrogen fuel while improving the efficiency of the hydrogen charging / supply process and improving the speed and real-time nature of the hydrogen charging / supply process.

[0103] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a real-time hydrogen charging control technique based on model predictive control (MPC) can be provided.

[0104] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a control technique based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model can be provided with improved accuracy in predicting hydrogen charging results. By incorporating real-time measured values ​​into an ANN model that utilizes actual fuel supply data along with theoretical simulation results, the accuracy of the prediction results can be improved.

[0105] According to one embodiment of the present invention, the efficiency of hydrogen charging control can be improved by integrating and managing actual measured data and status information predicted from a model using an intelligent meta system (IMS).

[0106] As described above, in the conventional hydrogen fuel supply process, the dispenser (100) is in charge of controlling between the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) and the hydrogen charging station (200), and the dispenser (100) is equipped with a protocol for injecting hydrogen into the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) according to a set rule, thereby overseeing the control.

[0107] An example of a protocol mounted on the dispenser (100) is a protocol based on the international standard SAE-J2601 (2020-05), which is also applied to embodiments of the present invention within the scope consistent with the purpose of the present invention.

[0108] For the minimum requirements for safety, simulations are conducted through thermodynamic modeling for various situations, and the parameters derived from this are utilized in a table-based single injection method and an MC-formula-based partial real-time correction method.

[0109] Minimum safety requirements / requirements include upper limits for temperature and pressure conditions of CHSS (310) and guidelines for state of charge (SOC).

[0110] Simulations can be performed through thermodynamic modeling using boundary conditions including Best to Worst Case.

[0111] This configuration can also be applied to the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention within the scope consistent with the purpose of the present invention.

[0112] Even if the configuration of Fig. 1 is followed, the following problems are found in the prior art that does not actively control the state value in the dispenser (100). The following problems are also revealed in the prior art that relies on simulation using a simple thermodynamic model.

[0113] The injection rate is predetermined based on the assumption of the worst-case boundary conditions (excessive boundary conditions), which leads to unnecessary pre-cooling and a decrease in the overall filling rate. In conventional technology, the injection rate is simply determined by the average pressure ramp rate (APRR), which can hinder proactive response to changing conditions. Unnecessary pre-cooling can also lead to excessive energy and operating costs.

[0114] Since it relies on simulation-based results, there are limitations on the capacity and shape of the applicable storage tank (310), and in the case of a new system, separate resources are required for new development and application, which limits the scope of application.

[0115] Thermodynamic models take a lot of time to derive mathematical calculation results, so they are limited in their application when there are no pre-calculated variables, as they indirectly utilize variables derived through the model. In addition, there is a lack of flexibility in the detailed adjustments to the method itself.

[0116] The table-based method of the prior art has a very low efficiency because it does not utilize the temperature of the pre-cooled hydrogen provided at the charging station (200) or the temperature of the storage tank (310) measured at the hydrogen fuel mobility (300), and has a problem in that it is difficult to flexibly respond to changes in the surrounding environment.

[0117] The MC-Formula-based method of the prior art corrects the precooling temperature in real time, but has the problem of being difficult to expand due to the complex calculation and application method and limitations in the scope of application.

[0118] The protocol was developed with the primary goal of completing safe charging, so there is no alternative to actively control unexpected situations such as excessive pre-cooling or overheating of the storage tank (310), which causes problems such as increased operating costs due to overcooling and delayed charging due to overheating.

[0119] The present invention is characterized by being derived to solve the problems of the prior art, and is characterized by reducing dependence on simulation and attempting to actively control state variables by reflecting real-time measurement data.

[0120] FIG. 2 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of state changes that occur during a hydrogen fuel supply process for hydrogen fuel mobility (300) to which one embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0121] Referring to Fig. 2, when hydrogen is injected into a hydrogen storage tank (310), the internal temperature rises due to compression heat, and as a result, the temperature of the hydrogen gas inside the storage tank (310) rises.

[0122] Temperature control in the hydrogen fuel supply process is achieved by supplying pre-cooled hydrogen gas and controlling the internal temperature of the storage tank (310) to be 85°C or lower at the time of final charging completion.

[0123] The storage tank (310) is configured to have low heat transfer efficiency of the carbon fiber covering the dome and body of the tank (310) in order to block heat exchange between the external atmosphere and the hydrogen gas stored inside during driving.

[0124] When the temperature of the hydrogen gas inside the storage tank (310) rises during the fuel supply process, the temperature rise revealed on the surface of the hydrogen storage tank (310) is insignificant compared to the temperature rise inside until the charging is completed due to the low heat transfer characteristics of the storage tank (310).

[0125] These characteristics prevent heat exchange with the outside air, which can alleviate the rapid temperature rise inside the hydrogen storage tank (310) that occurs during charging, from occurring, so separate temperature management measures are required.

[0126] However, the prior art does not include a separate cooling means other than supplying pre-cooled hydrogen gas from a charging station (200).

[0127] The hydrogen buffer time is managed by controlling the precooling and hydrogen injection speed at the hydrogen charging station (200) to keep the temperature below 85°C, which is the upper limit of the temperature management of the vehicle hydrogen storage tank, but there is no separate temperature management measure for the storage tank (310) of the hydrogen fuel mobility (300).

[0128] Due to this, especially in the summer when the outside temperature is high, it is difficult to control the temperature of the vehicle storage tank (310) at the charging station (200), which causes problems such as charging delays.

[0129] In the embodiment of the present invention, the characteristic curve of FIG. 2 is installed as a basic model, but unlike the conventional technology, real-time data according to variables (outside temperature, air pressure, weather conditions, etc.) appearing in the actual surrounding environment are taken into consideration to optimize the control of the operating load of the charging station (200) in the Phase I precooling stage and the charging speed (pressure increase rate, PRR) occurring in the fuel supply process of Phase II to Phase IV, and optimal control conditions suitable for the actual environment can be derived.

[0130] FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a platform or test platform to which a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention is applied.

[0131] Referring to FIG. 3, an embodiment is shown in which an artificial neural network model (120) is placed in addition to a hydrogen fuel supply controller (110) within a dispenser (100).

[0132] When the artificial neural network model (120) performs a model prediction control (MPC) process to predict the next state value, hydrogen fuel supply control by the ANN-MPC method can be implemented. Assuming that a fuel supply protocol that allows ANN-MPC-based hydrogen fuel supply control is used in FIG. 3, the ANN-MPC-based hydrogen fuel supply protocol is typically implemented in the dispenser (100) between the charging station (200) and the mobility (300). In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the ANN-MPC-based hydrogen fuel supply protocol can be implemented in the hydrogen fuel supply controller (110) or the artificial neural network model (120). Additionally, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the ANN-MPC based hydrogen fueling protocol, hydrogen fueling controller (110), or artificial neural network model (120) may be implemented as part of a controller that is capable of electronically communicating with the dispenser (100) and influencing the hydrogen fueling process within the dispenser (100), even if not disposed within the dispenser (100).

[0133] Referring again to FIG. 3, the artificial neural network model (120) can receive data from a charging station (200) and / or mobility (300) using real-time communication, and use the data to transmit information for controlling hydrogen fuel supply to the hydrogen fuel supply controller (110) for optimal hydrogen fuel supply.

[0134] At this time, real-time communication data is composed of static and dynamic data. Static data is composed of data such as the capacity, configuration, or type of equipment of a storage tank that does not change over time, and dynamic data may refer to data such as temperature or pressure that may change during the fuel supply process.

[0135] Static data may include, for example, the volume of the tank of the mobility (300) or the charging station (200), the pressure rating, the maximum pressure allowed, the type of the tank, the number of tanks, the size of the tank, the serial number of the tank, the manufacturer of the tank, the usage data of the tank, the allowable temperature range of the hydrogen fluid in the tank, etc.

[0136] Dynamic data may include, for example, fueling commands (e.g., start, stop, pause, abandon, increase flow, decrease flow, tank change commands, etc.), control parameters for fueling (e.g., average pressure ramp rate (APRR), pressure ramp rate (PR), etc.), real-time measurements of pressure and / or temperature within the tank, including fluctuations in temperature and / or pressure within the tank (which may indicate a leak and / or impending failure), state of charge (SOC) of the tank at the charging station or mobility side, ambient temperature outside the tank, and / or real-time measurements of the flow rate of hydrogen fluid flowing into the tank.

[0137] Referring again to FIG. 3, a hydrogen fuel supply control method based on an ANN-MPC-based fuel supply protocol can set basic conditions required for hydrogen fuel supply using static data before starting hydrogen fuel supply, and perform real-time control based on dynamic data during the hydrogen fuel supply process.

[0138] Referring to Fig. 3, an exception and problem situation handling module (400) can be added. The ANN-MPC model basically assumes real-time two-way communication, and can exhibit optimal performance under conditions where real-time two-way communication is possible.

[0139] However, various situations that deviate from real-time communication conditions may occur during the verification process before starting hydrogen fueling or during actual hydrogen fueling, as follows.

[0140] (1) No communication situation: When the mobility (300) or charging station (200) is not equipped with a communication function, the communication function is broken, or the communication function is broken during fuel supply and communication is impossible.

[0141] (2) Communication error: Communication with the mobility (300) or charging station (200) is possible, but parts, sensors, or equipment are not functioning properly, causing some of the data to be missing or to have errors.

[0142] (3) Non-certification of equipment, parts, or vehicles: When communication with mobility (300) or charging station (200) is possible and data is collected normally, but the reliability of data transmitted from mobility (300) or equipment is low, requiring verification or limited use.

[0143] ④ Uncertified communication protocol: Communication with mobility (300) or charging station (200) is possible, but the communication method is not specified in the standard or is not certified in the country, so safety, reliability, and stability are not secured.

[0144] Although the real-time communication-based control of ANN-MPC can have optimal performance in terms of functionality, in order to apply it to actual fields, a method that can effectively, step by step, and differentially respond to communication problems that may occur in various forms is required, and a means to solve such problems is proposed in the embodiment described below.

[0145] FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a model prediction control (MPC) process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0146] In the control method using MPC, the accuracy of control increases as the accuracy of the prediction model increases. The control method illustrated in Fig. 4 is ANN-MPC, which uses an artificial neural network model (120) as a prediction model and a feedback control loop including a hydrogen fuel supply controller (110) as a control method.

[0147] Referring to FIG. 4, the temperature, pressure, and outside temperature of the mobility (300) and the charging station (200) are used as inputs, and the temperature and pressure of the storage tank (310) of the mobility (300) are set as outputs.

[0148] In FIG. 4, an embodiment is shown in which the temperature and pressure of the hydrogen mobility (300) are predicted as output, but in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, an embodiment in which the temperature and pressure of the storage tank of the charging station (200) are predicted as output can be implemented.

[0149] When a new input is given, the output can be predicted by an artificial neural network model (120) that learns the correlation between input and output using simulation data by a theoretical model and data measured in an actual field.

[0150] When the SOC value (target value) specified in the controller (110) is given, the pressure ramp rate (PRR), which is the charging speed to achieve the target value, can be predicted. When PRR_pd is given as a control parameter, the artificial neural network model (120) can predict SOC_pd. SOC_pd is input to the controller (110) to replace the initial target SOC_sp. At this time, the SOC_m of the mobility (300) side where PRR_c is actually applied and hydrogen fuel supply is performed is transmitted to the artificial neural network model (120) so that the artificial neural network model (120) can be trained to improve the prediction accuracy of SOC_pd as an objective function or loss function.

[0151] Referring to FIGS. 3 and 4 together, real-time temperature, pressure, supply rate (which may mean PRR) on the side of the charging station (200), and abnormal signals may be transmitted to the artificial neural network model (120). In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, real-time temperature, pressure, supply rate (which may mean PRR) on the side of the charging station (200), and abnormal signals may also be transmitted to the hydrogen fuel supply controller (110).

[0152] Real-time temperature, pressure, and abnormal signals of the mobility (300) can be transmitted to the artificial neural network model (120). In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, real-time temperature, pressure, and abnormal signals of the mobility (300) can also be transmitted to the hydrogen fuel supply controller (110).

[0153] The hydrogen fuel supply controller (110) generates an actual control command, and hydrogen fuel supply of the dispenser (100) is performed based on the control command, and part of the control command, for example, a temperature down command, can also be transmitted to the mobility (300) side.

[0154] At this time, the command or information related to the control of hydrogen fuel supply may include a pressure ramp rate (PRR) for hydrogen fuel supply in the tank (310) of the mobility (300), a control command for the pressure ramp rate, and / or status information on the dispenser (100) side as a result of executing the control command. In addition, the information related to the control of hydrogen fuel supply may include information on variables that may affect changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310) of the mobility (300), such as a real-time pressure ramp rate (PRR) derived from a feedback control process or a mass flow rate of compressed hydrogen (kg / s) [m_dot], and / or information on the result of executing control by the variables. These hydrogen fuel supply control-related information may also affect the weights or parameters of the hidden layer of the artificial neural network model (120).

[0155] A hydrogen fuel supply control request based on a hydrogen fuel supply protocol may include a control command for a pressure ramp rate (PRR) for charging hydrogen in a vehicle tank (310).

[0156] Information related to hydrogen fuel supply control may include at least one of information on a hydrogen fuel supply control request and status information according to the execution result of the hydrogen fuel supply control request, and a control request for a change in the status of hydrogen may include a control request for at least one of the temperature and pressure of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310).

[0157] Changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310) may include at least one of temperature, pressure, and state of charge (SOC).

[0158] As a theoretical simulation, a thermodynamic model such as H2FillS (Hydrogen Filling Simulation) can be used, for example. The thermodynamic model can include a model and / or software designed to track and report transient changes in at least one of hydrogen temperature, pressure, and mass flow and / or transient changes in the state of hydrogen within a vehicle tank when fueling a hydrogen fueled vehicle / mobility. Of course, the spirit of the present invention is not limited to embodiments of a specific thermodynamic model.

[0159] The hydrogen fueling protocol may include, for example, the hydrogen charging protocol defined in SAE J2601.

[0160] A thermodynamic model can generate output data based on modeling and simulation when input data, such as those of an artificial neural network, is input. The parameters of the thermodynamic model can be adjusted according to the hydrogen charging protocol, and different hydrogen charging protocols with the same input data can produce different output data.

[0161] In one embodiment of the present invention, on-site data collected by a test platform is provided as input and output data of an artificial neural network, instead of input / output data of a thermodynamic model, so that the artificial neural network can be trained. That is, some of the on-site data collected by the test platform can be provided as input data for the artificial neural network, and other parts can be provided as ground truth data corresponding to the output data of the artificial neural network.

[0162] The internal parameters of an artificial neural network can be trained without initialization, or they can be initialized to predetermined values ​​and then trained based on field data. For example, the input and output data (ground truth data) of an artificial neural network can be given and initially trained based on a thermodynamic model, thereby initializing the internal parameters of the artificial neural network.

[0163] Learning in artificial neural networks does not necessarily have to be deep learning; it can also be shallow learning.

[0164] A test platform according to one embodiment of the present invention may rely on dynamic field data to optimize the hydrogen fueling process.

[0165] One embodiment of the present invention can predict the next state using an artificial neural network-based model predictive control (MPC) technique. In this case, the artificial neural network model (120) can be trained using theoretical results, on-site data, or both.

[0166] The artificial neural network model (120) may be a model trained to receive information related to hydrogen fuel supply control and information on the state of hydrogen in a vehicle tank (310) related to the result of executing a hydrogen fuel supply control request, and to predict changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310).

[0167] The artificial neural network model (120) may be a model trained to receive information related to hydrogen fuel supply control, the current state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310), the state of hydrogen supplied from the dispenser (100) to the mobility (300), and the ambient temperature, and to predict changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310) in the future.

[0168] The artificial neural network model (120) may be a model trained with the function of predicting changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310) according to each target state of the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310) and each hydrogen fuel supply protocol, which are related to information on hydrogen fuel supply control.

[0169] The artificial neural network model (120) receives information related to hydrogen fuel supply control and information on the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310), and trains a function to predict changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank (310) by using field data on changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank as ground truth data, thereby updating parameters in the model (120).

[0170] The artificial neural network model (120) may be a model trained to predict changes in the state of hydrogen in a vehicle tank (310) using a model prediction control technique.

[0171] In cases where the pre-cooling function of the charging station (200) or the cooling system (310) of the mobility (300) is not available, the control of the hydrogen fuel supply can be performed by reflecting these factors.

[0172] Big data is collected for each type and individual ID of the dispenser (100), type and individual ID of the charging station (200), type and individual ID of the mobility (300), control target state (temperature, pressure, SOC), initial state (temperature, pressure), and type of hydrogen fuel supply protocol, and the test platform is trained using dynamic changes in field data corresponding to each case, thereby deriving standardized items that can optimize and accurately describe the hydrogen fuel supply process.

[0173] One embodiment of the present invention can improve the reliability of a hydrogen fuel supply process by collecting and processing on-site hydrogen fuel supply data.

[0174] Field data on changes in the state of hydrogen within the vehicle tank (310) can be first acquired from the mobility (300) side. That is, field data on changes in the state of hydrogen within the vehicle tank (310) can be acquired from the mobility (300) side regardless of whether a control request is transmitted to the hydrogen vehicle. Alternatively, in another embodiment of the present invention, the control request may include a field data request, and the mobility (300) side may acquire field data in response to the control request / field data request.

[0175] Acquisition of field data can be performed not only on the mobility (300) side but also on the charging station side, and similarly, field data on the charging station side can be collected regardless of the control request, and the control request can include a field data request, and field data on the status of hydrogen stored in the charging station and / or hydrogen supplied from the charging station to the dispenser can be acquired in response to the control request / field data request on the charging station side.

[0176] On-site data refers to data obtained from a charging station (200) and / or mobility (300) during the actual hydrogen fuel supply / supply process. In this case, on-site data may include data obtained in cases where some or all of the environment is a test environment, in addition to cases where the environment is an actual charging station or an actual vehicle.

[0177] Field data may include data obtained from a test environment or execution device that may be equipped with a test environment or response (feedback) capable device corresponding to the hydrogen vehicle side, a test environment or response (feedback) capable device corresponding to the hydrogen storage cylinder and dispenser side of the charging station, and / or a module A corresponding to the dispensing control system side.

[0178] At this time, the field data may include data obtained from a fuel supply field or test environment in which all devices are a test environment composed of the above three test environments or devices, or which includes any one of them.

[0179] For example, field data may include data obtained from a test environment or fuel supply site comprised of simulation models linked to module B (150) and module C (160) illustrated in FIG. 5.

[0180] At this time, a device capable of responding (feedback) may mean a device that includes a database built based on actual field data and can respond according to a case requested by module A.

[0181] Field data may include static data and dynamic data, and may be classified into static data (type of vehicle tank (310), volume of vehicle tank (310), number of vehicle tank (310) modules / banks, etc.) and dynamic data (vehicle tank (310) hydrogen temperature, pressure, etc.).

[0182] A charging station (200) may be equipped with multiple hydrogen storage cylinders and operated as a bank system. Real-time on-site information requested and received from the charging station (200) by the dispenser (100) may include temperature and pressure information for each bank.

[0183] Multiple banks can be switched and connected to the dispenser (100) according to a request from the dispenser (100) and / or a selection from the charging station (200). At this time, temperature and pressure information for each bank included in the real-time field information that the dispenser (100) requests and receives feedback from the charging station (200) can influence the selection and / or switching of the banks.

[0184] At this time, the status of at least one bank in the bank system can be adjusted based on the temperature and pressure information for each bank included in the real-time field information that the dispenser (100) requests and receives feedback from the charging station (200).

[0185] For example, as a preparatory step, at least one or more banks within the charging station (200) may be adjusted to have a chargeable temperature and pressure based on current status information about the banks. Such adjustment may be performed at the request of the dispenser (100) or by the control logic of the charging station (200).

[0186] FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a platform or test platform for simulation used in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0187] Referring to FIG. 5, a mobility part (300a) for simulating actual mobility (300), a charging station part (200a) for simulating an actual charging station (200), and a dispenser part (100a) for simulating an actual dispenser (100) are illustrated.

[0188] In Fig. 5, the mobility part (300a), the charging station part (200a), and the dispenser part (100a) may be implemented by merging, combining, or competing between a simulation model and a data-based model based on real-time on-site dynamic data.

[0189] In order to analyze the process state change between the dispenser (100) and the charging station (200), a learning model based on field data between the dispenser (100) and the mobility (300) can serve as a reference for the interaction process between the dispenser part (100a) and the mobility part (300a).

[0190] Conversely, in order to analyze the process state change between the dispenser (100) and the mobility (300), a learning model based on field data between the dispenser (100) and the charging station (200) can serve as a reference for the interaction process between the dispenser part (100a) and the charging station part (200a).

[0191] In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the integrated management system controlling the simulation of FIG. 5 may be implemented in the form of a cloud and / or remote server.

[0192] In addition, although an embodiment centered on an artificial neural network model (120) is illustrated in the present application specification, other embodiments of the present invention need not be limited by the artificial neural network model (120) or the model predictive control technique. In another embodiment of the present invention, after hydrogen fuel supply control-related information and / or feedback control based on a hydrogen fuel supply protocol is transmitted, real-time field data is fed back as a response, and the hydrogen fuel supply control-related information and / or feedback control may be updated based on the real-time field data, or the next hydrogen fuel supply control-related information and / or feedback control may be generated. According to another embodiment of the present invention, a hydrogen fuel supply protocol that does not rely on model predictive control or an artificial neural network model (120), and a test method and a test platform for testing a hydrogen fuel supply system may also be proposed.

[0193] When the charging station part (200a) functions as a simulation model, the mobility part (300a) can function as a modulation and optimization means for the temperature of the CHSS (310).

[0194] When the mobility part (300a) functions as a simulation model, the charging station part (200a) can function as a means for stabilizing and controlling the precooling temperature.

[0195] The integrated management system controlling the simulation of Fig. 5 can obtain the difference between the simulation results for changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank corresponding to hydrogen charging control-related information and field data for changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank.

[0196] An integrated management system controlling the simulation of FIG. 5 can update a model (120) for a hydrogen fueling process for a hydrogen vehicle corresponding to information related to hydrogen charging control based on differences between simulation results and field data.

[0197] An integrated management system controlling the simulation of FIG. 5 can obtain simulation results for changes in the state of hydrogen in a vehicle tank in response to a control request by using a thermodynamic model that tracks transient changes in at least one of temperature, pressure, and mass flow of hydrogen in a vehicle tank.

[0198] The integrated management system controlling the simulation of Fig. 5 can obtain simulation results for changes in the state of hydrogen in a vehicle tank in response to a hydrogen charging control request by inputting a future predicted hydrogen charging control request into a model for a hydrogen fueling process using a model prediction control (MPC) technique.

[0199] The integrated management system controlling the simulation of FIG. 5 can, after updating the model (120), replace the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) side with the model (120) to obtain at least one of simulation data and field data of a change in the state of hydrogen supplied to the dispenser (100) from the station (200) corresponding to the second control request between the dispenser (100) supplying hydrogen to the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) and the station (200) supplying hydrogen to the dispenser (100).

[0200] The integrated management system controlling the simulation of FIG. 5 can obtain at least one of simulation data and field data of changes in the state of hydrogen in a vehicle tank of a hydrogen fuel mobility (300) that receives hydrogen from a dispenser (100) and responds to a third control request between the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) and the dispenser (100) by replacing the station (200) side with the model (120) after updating the model (120).

[0201] Conventional hydrogen fueling processes or hydrogen charging control techniques have difficulties in controlling the final SOC, final nozzle, and CHSS (310) temperature / pressure as desired. Furthermore, theoretical simulation-based hydrogen charging techniques often fail to match actual field data due to pressure variability, unstable flow rates, and high environmental variability.

[0202] The discrepancy between simulation results and actual field data is easily affected by the characteristics of the device and the diversity of the environment, which are difficult to sufficiently consider in theoretical simulations. Even when using the same hydrogen charging protocol, the final field data may differ depending on the initial value or final target value. Conversely, even when assuming the same final target value or initial value, the final field data may differ depending on different hydrogen charging protocols.

[0203] To solve these problems of the prior art, one embodiment of the present invention may adopt utilization of real-time field data, two-way communication between each device, predictive control techniques, integrated control of the entire system including stations and vehicles, and utilization and standardization of hydrogen fuel supply data based on user needs.

[0204] Additionally, one embodiment of the present invention may enable enhancement of an existing hydrogen fueling protocol, standardization of on-site hydrogen fueling data format, and compilation and diagnosis of dynamic field data.

[0205] In relation to enhancing existing hydrogen charging protocols, one embodiment of the present invention may include the following:

[0206] Existing hydrogen charging protocols can be selected for testing.

[0207] One embodiment of the present invention executes artificial neural network-based model predictive control (ANN-MPC) and executes an existing hydrogen charging protocol under the same charging conditions, thereby comparing the results of charging control using ANN-MPC with the results of charging control using the existing hydrogen charging protocol, thereby strengthening or improving the existing hydrogen charging protocol.

[0208] The supervisory system (130) can embed a protocol (131) to be tested and can control charging based on the embedded protocol and compare the control value with the 'predicted output' input from the ANN-MPC.

[0209] The supervisory system (130) or controller can transmit hydrogen charging control related information to the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) via the communication interface (140, 160) by executing an existing hydrogen charging protocol, and can obtain field data on changes in the state of hydrogen in the vehicle tank via the communication interface (140, 160).

[0210] The supervisory system (130) or controller can obtain a hydrogen charging control sequence by a model (120) for a hydrogen fueling process (if using the ANN-MPC technique, future time series control sequence inputs can be predicted), and based on the hydrogen charging control sequence by the model (120) for a hydrogen fueling process, an existing hydrogen charging protocol can be enhanced.

[0211] The supervisory system (130) or controller can obtain result data by executing a hydrogen charging control sequence by a model for a hydrogen fueling process, and based on a comparison result between the result data by executing the hydrogen charging control sequence and field data by an existing hydrogen charging protocol, can strengthen a part of an existing hydrogen charging protocol using the hydrogen charging control sequence.

[0212] At this time, the charging control result using the artificial neural network model (120) can be obtained by operating the model (120) or can be obtained from a pre-built database. The basic specifications used in the charging protocol (131) to be tested are not changed, and the details, i.e., the charging table or logic, can be strengthened / improved by referring to the charging control values ​​of the artificial neural network model (120). At this time, the charging control result using the artificial neural network model (120) and the field data obtained as the result of executing the charging protocol (131) to be tested are compared, and if the performance of the charging control result using the artificial neural network model (120) is superior, the details of the charging protocol (131) to be tested can be partially improved. A comparison between the charging control result and the execution result of the charging protocol (131) to be tested can also be performed for all or part of the hydrogen fuel supply process.

[0213] In one embodiment of the present invention, a Lumped Thermodynamic Model for an artificial neural network for dispenser-vehicle interaction can be utilized by considering the following features.

[0214] - 0-Dimensional Unsteady State Mass & Energy Balance

[0215] - 1-Dimensional Heat Transfer for Vehicle Tank Wall

[0216] - CoolProp for Evaluation of Hydrogen Properties

[0217] One embodiment of the present invention can perform comparative analysis between theoretical simulation results and real on-site data.

[0218] One embodiment of the present invention can perform predictive analysis under specific conditions in addition to the conditions assumed in the hydrogen charging protocol.

[0219] FIG. 6 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of modeling, predicting, or controlling a hydrogen fuel supply process using an artificial neural network (ANN) in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0220] Referring to Figure 6, measurement values ​​of the current state are input into the input layer.

[0221] At this time, the ambient temperature Tamb (ambient temperature), pre-cooling temperature Tpre (pre-cooled gas temperature), and pre-cooling pressure Tpre (pre-cooled gas pressure) can be measured at the nozzle of the dispenser (100) or the charging station (200).

[0222] Hydrogen gas temperature T CHSS , hydrogen gas pressure P CHSS is a value measured on the CHSS (310) side of hydrogen fuel mobility (300), and the actual measured value can be input to the input layer.

[0223] During the training process of an artificial neural network, the actual current measurement value is passed to the input layer, and the next measurement value is passed to the output layer, where it can be utilized as ground truth data in the learning process of the artificial neural network. At this time, the learning process of the artificial neural network can be a process of learning a function that can predict the next measurement value of the output layer based on a combination of input measurement values. The correlation between the data input to the input layer and the data provided to the output layer is learned, and through this, predictions using real dynamic fueling data along with theoretical results are possible.

[0224] In the inference or output process using an artificial neural network, the actually measured on-site measurement value is passed to the input layer, and a prediction value for the next measurement value can be obtained as an output by the operation of the artificial neural network.

[0225] The learning process of the artificial neural network used in the embodiment of the present invention may be either shallow learning or deep learning, and the artificial neural network may be a type of neural network that suits the purpose of the present invention among known neural networks.

[0226] The values ​​input through the input layer are passed to the output layer after going through the weight-based operation of the hidden layer.

[0227] The state values ​​(predicted values ​​for the next state) output by the output layer can be used to derive state-of-charge variables, for example, state-of-charge (SOC), using at least part of a thermodynamic model.

[0228] In the embodiment of the present invention, hybrid control combining a theoretical simulation model and an artificial neural network is also possible, so that a desired result can be achieved even through learning using a small amount of data, and performance suitable for the purpose of the present invention can be derived even through a lightweight artificial neural network.

[0229] The real-time pressure increase rate (PRR) or mass flow rate of compressed hydrogen (kg / s) [m_dot] derived from the feedback control process can affect the weights or parameters of the hidden layer of the artificial neural network.

[0230] The artificial neural network-based hydrogen charging technique of the present invention can improve the accuracy of model-based charging result predictions. By utilizing actual fuel supply data alongside theoretical simulation results, real-time measurements can be reflected, further improving the accuracy of prediction results.

[0231] While the control protocol of the prior art calculates and predicts results through simulations tailored to individual situations, the embodiment of the present invention differs in that it utilizes a process of improving accuracy through repeated training for various situations.

[0232] Due to these differences, in the embodiment of the present invention, as various theoretical values ​​and empirical results are added, the accuracy is gradually improved through updates, and even if a new fuel supply process using a new storage tank (310) configuration or a change in flow rate is introduced, the function can be updated in the model by adding actual data and training, so that it can be widely applied to various mobility fields.

[0233] As a hydrogen charging control technique for a hydrogen charging test for hydrogen fuel mobility (300) according to one embodiment of the present invention, model prediction control (MPC) may be used.

[0234] FIG. 7 is a conceptual diagram illustrating a concept of controlling a hydrogen fuel supply process to reach a target output using model predictive control in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0235] Referring to Figure 7, Model Predictive Control (MPC) is a control method that uses a model that simulates a process to predict outputs based on future inputs, then optimizes these outputs to derive control inputs. To ensure compliance with various boundary conditions during process control, the process response must remain within a defined range. Compared to other control methods, MPC can effectively ensure that the process response remains within a defined range.

[0236] MPC plans inputs for a prediction horizon to achieve a process response that approaches the target output. It then obtains the corresponding response through a prediction model, using only the control input as the control input. Once the plant receives output, it repeats the same process based on that output.

[0237] In an embodiment of the present invention, the accuracy of the hydrogen charging model is secured to a considerable level, and the future charging result is predicted from the hydrogen charging model and the current measurement value, and the temperature T of the hydrogen gas of CHSS (310) is determined based on the predicted value and the charging value. CHSS or pressure P of hydrogen gas CHSS The pressure ramp rate / rise rate (PRR) can be controlled in real time to reach the optimal filling target without violating constraints such as specific variables.

[0238] Referring to FIG. 7, in an embodiment of the present invention, an MPC-based control is used to calculate a future output value based on a current measurement value and a model's predicted value, and an operation parameter / variable can be adjusted so that the predicted future response moves to a setpoint (or target) in an optimal manner.

[0239] For example, at the current time i, n model predictions can be derived. These n model-based predictions form a prediction horizon.

[0240] Each model-based prediction, or prediction horizon, corresponds to a control horizon. That is, the n control commands / control actions required to achieve n model predictions can form a control horizon.

[0241] In practice, the first of the n model prediction and control actions derived at the current time i, the i+1 control action, can be transmitted to the system. As time passes, a new set of n model prediction and control actions are derived at the current time i+1, forming a new Prediction Horizon and Control Horizon, respectively.

[0242] The technique of controlling the system by expanding / moving the Horizon in this way is called MPC, and in the embodiment of the present invention, MPC-based control can be executed using measured values ​​and predicted values ​​for state information (state values) including the temperature and pressure of hydrogen gas of CHSS (310).

[0243] FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating the training and inference process of an artificial neural network when an artificial neural network is used for model prediction control in a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0244] Referring to FIG. 8, a training process of an artificial neural network considering an artificial neural network-model predictive control (ANN-MPC) technique according to one embodiment of the present invention is illustrated.

[0245] In Fig. 8, we assume an artificial neural network that has learned the function of obtaining an MPC-based Prediction Horizon and a Control Horizon, and in particular, an artificial neural network that has learned the function of obtaining n future predictions and corresponding control commands so that the process of a future response reaching a set point is optimized by MPC.

[0246] Referring to FIGS. 6 to 8 together, in an embodiment of the present invention, a control system can be configured based on an ANN model (120), and a test platform system for real-time control based on model predictive control can be configured by ensuring the accuracy of the ANN model (120).

[0247] The test platform system for real-time control is a method of controlling the charging speed / pressure increase rate / pressure increase rate by predicting future charging results and comparing them with actual measured values. By separately setting restrictions, control time intervals, and sensitivity within the system logic, control can be achieved within optimal values.

[0248] First, optimal control is performed based on real-time data of the charging station (200) and hydrogen fuel mobility (300), but when a specific event situation occurs in the operation of the system, the function of directly controlling the precooling temperature of the precooler (210) and the cooling system of the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) can be provided, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the hydrogen fuel supply process.

[0249] Referring to Figure 8, a control process is initiated by receiving a specific SOCsp from a customer (t=0, S710). For example, the current SOC may be 50% and the SOCsp may be 85%.

[0250] SOC(t) is T CHSS (t), and P CHSS It is given as a function of (t), and this process can be performed based on a general dynamic model.

[0251] If the current SOC(t) is greater than or equal to SOCsp (S720), hydrogen charging can be stopped. If the current SOC(t) is less than SOCsp (S720), i=t is set, and Moving Horizon Prediction using an artificial neural network is performed (S730).

[0252] Step S730 can be performed by generating an MPC prediction using an artificial neural network (120), etc. In step S740, it can be determined whether the obtained n predictions are optimized predictions that meet the intended purpose.

[0253] If the obtained n predictions are optimized predictions, a control command PRR(t) is obtained based on the n predictions and control commands, and PRR(t) can be applied to the dispenser (100)-vehicle tank (310) (S750).

[0254] After that, increase the time t and obtain a new measurement value T CHSS (t), and P CHSS (t) is obtained and passed as input to step S720.

[0255] If the n predictions obtained in step S730 are not optimized predictions, step S730 may be performed again to obtain n new predictions and control commands.

[0256] In step S730 of FIG. 8, state prediction values ​​(T, P) that satisfy temperature and pressure limits for all arbitrary i,k can be generated.

[0257] Based on the current time i(=t), n state prediction values ​​and corresponding control commands can be derived.

[0258] Step S740 of FIG. 8 can be understood as a process of searching for a set of n predictions that minimizes a cost function indicating whether the final control objective, SOCsp, has been reached.

[0259] As an output of hydrogen fuel mobility (300), state measurement values ​​including temperature and pressure of CHSS (310) can be provided as feedback input to an artificial neural network model (120).

[0260] The state measurement values ​​including the temperature and pressure of the pre-cooled hydrogen gas as an output of the hydrogen charging station (200) can be provided as feedback input to the artificial neural network model (120).

[0261] The artificial neural network model (120) transmits the predicted output to the hydrogen fuel supply controller (110), and the supervisory system (130) can input future inputs obtained through simulation or model-based prediction to the artificial neural network model (120) via module A (140).

[0262] The ANN-MPC-based control process is a control technique that utilizes simulation and actual measurement data together, and is a control technique that performs simulation at least partially using an artificial neural network model (120) and uses the prediction results in the control process.

[0263] An embodiment of the present invention aims to configure a real-time data-based integrated control protocol for hydrogen charging, and the system is implemented by utilizing various element technologies.

[0264] The protocol installed in the dispenser (100) can control the charging speed / pressure increase rate / pressure increase rate (PRR or [m_dot]) as output by using the data of the pre-cooled hydrogen gas provided from the charging station (200) and the data of the storage tank (310) provided from the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) as real-time input values ​​through the installed model.

[0265] When an event such as an external environmental change occurs, the pre-cooling temperature of the charging station (200) and the cooling system of the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) can be directly controlled to control the charging speed / pressure increase rate / pressure increase rate (PRR or [m_dot]) and process efficiency in general.

[0266] To complement the control protocol, the pre-cooling system / pre-cooler (210) of the hydrogen charging station (200) may be independently installed with its own cooling stabilization system.

[0267] In terms of temperature stabilization, the cooling stabilization system of the pre-cooler (210) can be independently controlled, and the target value of the control can be changed integrally in the protocol of the dispenser (100).

[0268] To improve the economic efficiency of the charging station (200) and to complement the functions of the integrated control protocol, the pre-cooler (210) may be provided with additional functions related to temperature stabilization.

[0269] The precooling temperature varies depending on the initial temperature and flow rate of hydrogen gas supplied to the precooler (210), and to compensate for this, a novel precooler structure for stabilizing the temperature is proposed as an embodiment of the present invention.

[0270] A pre-cooler (210) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include control logic for its own temperature control and linkage with a protocol.

[0271] A forced cooling system may be installed in the storage tank (310) of the hydrogen fuel mobility (300), and the charging speed may be improved by cooling some of the compression heat generated during hydrogen charging, and the operation / control of the forced cooling system of the storage tank (310) may also be involved in the protocol.

[0272] In one embodiment of the present invention, a temperature management function may be provided to the storage tank (310) of the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) to improve the hydrogen charging speed and complement the functions of the integrated control protocol.

[0273] In one embodiment of the present invention, the vehicle storage tank (310) may configure a system for self-cooling to increase the overall charging speed and improve the safety of hydrogen fuel mobility (300), and may include control logic for self-driving of the system and linkage with a protocol.

[0274] In one embodiment of the present invention, through such integrated control, not only can the current charging efficiency be improved, but preparation for the next charging can also be smoothly supported.

[0275] In the case of T40 where the precooling temperature of the pre-cooler (210) is set to -40°C, if the precooling temperature has achieved the target value but the outside temperature is higher than the set value and the temperature rise on the storage tank (310) side is greater than expected, a control signal or information on the current status can be transmitted to the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) / storage tank (310) side so that the self-cooling system of the storage tank (310) can be driven.

[0276] Conversely, if the precooling temperature of the pre-cooler (210) is set to -40°C but is judged to be excessive cooling when considering the external environment and actual data, the target value of the precooling temperature can be adjusted (for example, -35°C).

[0277] In cases where additional temperature control of the pre-cooling target temperature and the storage tank (310) side is required, control information or control commands can be transmitted from the dispenser (100) to both the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) and the charging station (200).

[0278] According to an embodiment of the present invention, the self-cooling system of the hydrogen fuel mobility (300) and the charging station (200) may be independently controlled, or may be controlled by transmitting a signal from the dispenser (100).

[0279] An integrated control method for hydrogen charging according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a step of evaluating whether a measurement value of a current state satisfies a constraint condition.

[0280] The constraint may be that the temperature and pressure of the compressed hydrogen storage system on the hydrogen vehicle side do not exceed the limit temperature and limit pressure, respectively.

[0281] According to one embodiment of the present invention, it is possible to safely charge / supply hydrogen fuel while improving the efficiency of the hydrogen charging / supply process and improving the speed and real-time nature of the hydrogen charging / supply process.

[0282] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a test method and test platform capable of precisely modeling a hydrogen charging / supply process based on real-time on-site dynamic data can be implemented.

[0283] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a test method and a test platform can be implemented that provide a model capable of precisely controlling a hydrogen charging / supplying process by considering the difference between modeling and simulation results by a theoretical model and real-time field data, or by considering both modeling and simulation results and real-time field data.

[0284] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a test technique for real-time hydrogen charging control based on model predictive control (MPC) can be implemented.

[0285] According to one embodiment of the present invention, a test technique for control with improved accuracy in predicting hydrogen charging results based on an artificial neural network (ANN) model can be implemented.

[0286] By inputting a charge amount (e.g., SOC) directly set by the user, hydrogen can be charged / supplied until the target amount is reached through control logic based on real-time communication and calculation using a sequence such as that shown in FIGS. 6 to 8.

[0287] Various variables such as SOC, target pressure, time, and temperature can be used to set the charge amount, and the charge speed can be controlled to increase efficiency.

[0288] FIG. 9 is a framework (hereinafter referred to as “hydrogen fuel supply framework”) for functional blocks that perform a series of hydrogen fuel supply procedures that can employ a hydrogen fuel supply communication bidirectional process according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0289] Referring to FIG. 9, the hydrogen fuel supply framework is composed of function blocks for each use case (UC), including a discovery and pairing function block (hereinafter simply referred to as 'UC1' or 'UC-1'), a communication security function block (UC2 or UC-2), a communication protocol negotiation function block (UC3 or UC-3), a fueling protocol negotiation function block (UC4 or UC-4), a fueling parameter negotiation function block (UC5 or UC-5), a safety check-in function block (UC6 or UC-6), a monitoring and control function block (UC7 or UC-7), a safety check-out function block (UC8 or UC-8), a termination function block (UC9 or UC-9), an error handling function block (UC10 or UC-10), and an emergency handling function. Blocks (UC11 or UC-11) can be equipped.

[0290] Each of the UC1 to UC11 function blocks may correspond to time-series steps (S401 to S411) as illustrated in Fig. 9. In this case, Fig. 9 may also be understood as an operational flowchart including time-series steps (S401 to S411).

[0291] UC10 and UC11 may be individually connected to UC3 to UC8 and configured to perform error handling and / or emergency handling in each use case.

[0292] The aforementioned use cases are functional blocks that collectively provide the entire hydrogen fueling procedure of a hydrogen fueling system in a consistent manner for safe and secure fueling communication. Vehicles and dispensers can sequentially execute each use case in a specific order to achieve the hydrogen fueling goal.

[0293] Additionally, after the dispenser nozzle is connected to the vehicle receptacle, the vehicle and the dispenser can perform fuel supply communication by implementing each use case in the order shown in Fig. 9. However, the vehicle and the dispenser may omit certain use cases as needed based on predefined requirements.

[0294] Each of the aforementioned use cases can be implemented through communication between a dispenser control system of a dispenser that supplies hydrogen as fuel to a hydrogen fuel vehicle according to a fueling protocol for a hydrogen fuel vehicle and the hydrogen fuel vehicle.

[0295] Meanwhile, the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle (hereinafter referred to simply as "vehicle") and dispenser implementing the aforementioned use case can exchange data for vehicle identification in UC-1. To this end, the vehicle may be equipped with sensors, an electric control unit (ECU), a transmitter, and a receiver. The receiver may be integrated with the transmitter for two-way communication.

[0296] The dispenser may be configured to receive specific data from the vehicle. The dispenser may store data for data logging or data designated by the charging station programmable logic controller (PLC) for use in the fueling protocol. Data logging may refer to a process of collecting data over a period of time to analyze a specific operating state of a hydrogen fueling system or to record data-based events / operations in a system or network environment, or data collected by this process. For two-way communication, the charging station may be equipped with a sensor designated by the fueling protocol, and the charging station PLC or electronic control unit may obtain measurements from the sensor and transmit these measurements to the vehicle. The aforementioned vehicle or charging station may use existing communication protocol standards for communication, such as infrared, Wi-Fi, or Bluetooth.

[0297] Additionally, the vehicle and dispenser can establish a communication channel between the vehicle and dispenser, physically connected at the vehicle-dispenser interface. The pairing process for establishing this communication channel can be performed using wired, optical, or wireless technologies.

[0298] The discovery and pairing procedure or pairing process may have prerequisites for the dispenser nozzle to be inserted into and securely connected to a vehicle fueling receptacle. The vehicle fueling receptacle may be simply referred to as a vehicle receptacle or receptacle.

[0299] Furthermore, the vehicle and dispenser inherently know which communication protocol to use. Therefore, subsequent communications after UC-1 can rely solely on the communication protocol agreed upon in the current use case, either as a discovery and pairing procedure or as a post-condition of the pairing process. If either the vehicle or dispenser selects a communication protocol outside the agreed upon scope, the selected communication will not occur. In other words, even if the pairing process completes successfully, fuel authorization or fuel delivery authorization may not be granted.

[0300] All methods used to pair the vehicle and dispenser must be designed to avoid increasing the risk of ignition or explosion beyond an acceptable level. For example, all wired pairing methods must be designed to mitigate or prevent sparking hazards caused by electrostatic discharge.

[0301] In terms of the effectiveness of physical pairing, any method used to pair a vehicle and a dispenser can be integrated into a vehicle-dispenser interface or installed so as to have proximity between the vehicle's fueling receptacle and the dispenser's nozzle and hose assembly. Here, the interface can refer to something physically integrated into the nozzle-receptacle interface. Proximity can be defined by hardware associated with the pairing method. For example, the physical geometry used for infrared communication can be specified, including the allowed distance between the transmitter and receiver. Furthermore, the physical configuration of the hydrogen fueling hardware can be pre-specified, and proximity does not include a pairing method that risks pairing a physically unconnected vehicle and dispenser, such as a relatively long-range wireless communication technology such as Bluetooth. Infrared communication can be referred to as infrared data association (IrDA) communication and can include bidirectional infrared (bi-IrDA) communication.

[0302] In steps S401, S403, S404, and / or S405, information on interoperability and compatibility between the mobility and the dispenser can be shared and mutually checked.

[0303] In steps S401, S403, S404, and / or S405, it can be determined whether the mobility and the dispenser each support bidirectional communication.

[0304] In steps S401, S403, S404, and / or S405, a communication protocol associated with the fuel supply protocol may be negotiated, and fuel supply parameters according to the fuel supply protocol may be negotiated. At this time, information regarding the interoperability and compatibility of the communication protocol and / or the fuel supply protocol may be shared in advance in S401, and information regarding preferences or priorities on the mobility or dispenser side may be shared.

[0305] Based on the information about interoperability, compatibility, preference, or priority shared in step S401, communication protocols, fueling protocols, and fueling parameters may be negotiated in steps S403, S404, and / or S405.

[0306] When there is a difference between the information shared in step S401 and the information identified in steps S403, S404, and / or S405 (e.g., when there is a change in the supportable level of two-way communication), the communication protocol, fueling protocol, and fueling parameters may be negotiated or renegotiated based on the updated interoperability, compatibility, preference, or priority in steps S403, S404, and / or S405, respectively.

[0307] Whether to allow control of the hydrogen fuel supply process, or control support / assistance, by the artificial neural network model described in FIGS. 1 to 8 can be determined by the fuel supply protocol, and whether to allow control of the hydrogen fuel supply process, or control support / assistance, by the artificial neural network model can be determined in at least one of steps S401, S403, S404, and / or S405 of FIG. 9.

[0308] Whether to allow control of the hydrogen fuel supply process by the model prediction control (MPC) described in FIGS. 1 to 8, or control support / assistance, can be determined by the fuel supply protocol, and whether to allow control of the hydrogen fuel supply process by the model prediction control, or control support / assistance, can be determined in at least one of steps S401, S403, S404, and / or S405 of FIG. 9.

[0309] The level of communication supported between the mobility and the dispenser can be represented by Tables 1 and 2 below.

[0310] Level Description: Non-Communication Level 0: When the vehicle or charging station does not have communication equipment, or when communication is impossible due to a malfunction. Communication Level 1: Communication is possible, but is not used for safety functions and can be used for data collection. If risk mitigation measures due to data defects are provided, it can be used to improve the control function of the fuel supply process. Level 2: Communication is possible, and static data is reliable, so it can be used directly for safety functions. Dynamic data is the same as Level 1. Communication (ANN model basic method). Level 3: Communication is possible, and both static and dynamic data are reliable, so it can be used directly for safety and control functions related to fuel supply.

[0311] Table 1 provides examples of communication reliability levels, graded from 0 to 3, based on various potential communication failures, failures, and data security / reliability issues. The communication levels in Table 1 can be referenced from the communication levels included in ISO 19885-1, which is currently under development.

[0312] Level of classification Simulation Basic information Charging conditions Relearning conditions Non-communication Level 0 Based on the total capacity of the vehicle storage tank and the basic information of the station, worst-case conditions are assumed. After checking the initial vehicle residual pressure and total capacity, charging is performed at a constant speed with the lowest flow rate as the worst-case conditions. Non-communication Analysis and selective reflection only of actual problem situations that occur during the charging process. Communication Level 1 Generate basic simulation conditions based on static data of vehicles and charging stations, but apply conservatively to individual static conditions, and apply conservative standards to dynamic conditions. Use the received dynamic data as a reference (for checking in case of an abnormal signal), and conservatively predict the temperature and pressure of the vehicle based on the temperature and pressure of the breakaway. Relearn based on conservatively operated dynamic data (breakaway standard), accumulate the received actual dynamic data, and derive correction factors through periodic comparative learning. Level 2 Apply the static data of vehicles and charging stations directly individually, but apply conservative standards to dynamic data. Use the received dynamic data as a reference (for checking in case of an abnormal signal), and conservatively predict the temperature and pressure of the vehicle based on the temperature and pressure of the breakaway. Use the conservatively operated dynamic data (breakaway standard) Baseline) Baseline relearning, accumulation of actual dynamic data received, and correction factor derivation through periodic comparative learning Level 3 Basic simulation using individual static and dynamic data of vehicles and charging stations Real-time control operation optimized for the situation based on real-time communication data All recorded fuel supply data base relearning

[0313] Table 2 shows the control levels for specifying static and dynamic variables, the allowable range for untrusted data, and alternative variables, depending on the level of communication reliability. While some functions are limited at lower communication levels, the fueling protocol operates at each level.

[0314] The hydrogen fuel supply protocol based on ANN-MPC proposed in one embodiment of the present invention corresponds to a situation corresponding to Level 3 defined in Tables 1 and 2, and it can be assumed that both static data and dynamic data transmitted and received with mobility (300) and charging station (200) are reliable and can be directly utilized.

[0315] Figure 10 is a flowchart illustrating a hydrogen fuel supply method according to one embodiment of the present invention.

[0316] Referring to FIG. 10, a method for supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-fueled mobility, performed in a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility according to one embodiment of the present invention, may include a step (S1300) of determining a communication environment including at least one of a communication state between the mobility and the dispenser, an available communication protocol, and a communication level of the available communication protocol; a step (S1400) of determining a hydrogen fueling protocol between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication environment; and a step (S1500) of supplying hydrogen to the mobility based on the hydrogen fueling protocol.

[0317] At this time, the communication environment may include the name, version, specifications, etc. of the available communication protocols supported between the mobility and the dispenser based on compatibility and interoperability.

[0318] The specifications of an available communication protocol may include the communication levels supported by the available communication protocol. The communication levels can be referenced in Tables 1 and 2 described above.

[0319] Additionally, the communication environment may include the actual supported communication status between the mobility and the dispenser. This communication environment may vary depending on hardware conditions and on-site circumstances. For example, even if the available communication protocol supports communication level 3, a situation requiring actual hydrogen fueling may require only communication level 1 or 2.

[0320] The process of determining the available communication protocol and the communication level of the available communication protocol may be performed as part of at least one of processes S401, S403, S404, and S405 illustrated in FIG. 9. These processes may be part of a preparatory process supporting the hydrogen fueling process.

[0321] The process of determining the communication environment that can actually be applied may be performed as part of at least one of steps S401, S403, S404, and S405 illustrated in FIG. 9. Furthermore, when the initially determined support for two-way communication changes due to changes in the communication environment, as an exceptional case, a new communication environment may be determined as part of steps S410 and / or S411, and whether or not two-way communication is supported may be newly determined.

[0322] FIG. 11 is a flowchart illustrating a hydrogen fuel supply method according to one embodiment of the present invention, including a preliminary process for implementing the embodiment of FIG. 10.

[0323] Referring to Fig. 11, an artificial neural network model specialized for each communication level can be set (S1100).

[0324] According to one embodiment of the present invention, an artificial neural network model may be used to support control of a hydrogen fueling process, replace at least part of the control function, or generate indirect control information to assist the control function, depending on the supported available communication level.

[0325] At this time, artificial neural network models individually set for each communication level can be used.

[0326] The ANN initial model can be implemented through the ANN model development tool framework, and the simulation basic conditions are set based on the basic information of mobility and charging stations, and the levels of variables can be set as in Table 1 and / or Table 2 based on the supported communication level information.

[0327] Based on simulation information set for each communication level, a specialized ANN base (initial) model can be provided, and fueling can be performed using a specialized model corresponding to each charging station and / or mobility type. In this case, actual data obtained during the fueling process can be used to retrain the base model according to the retraining conditions disclosed in Table 1 and / or Table 2, and the ANN model can be optimized through retraining.

[0328] The above process can be performed using the ANN model development tool framework.

[0329] The ANN model development tool framework can be a tool that creates a specialized ANN basic model according to the fuel supply profile and charging station specifications for each type of mobility, and performs retraining based on actual data generated through the fuel supply process.

[0330] The framework can be comprised of a simulation module that generates theoretical data and an ANN training module that is responsible for training the ANN model.

[0331] The ANN Model Development Tool Framework is a software package designed to implement ANN models. Upon inputting basic data related to mobility, charging stations, and the environment, the simulation module automatically operates to generate the data necessary for ANN model training. Data obtained during the actual hydrogen fueling process can be preprocessed or converted into a format suitable for ANN model training.

[0332] Data obtained during the actual hydrogen fueling process can be utilized in the ANN training module to configure the content of the ANN model. This development tool framework allows for the implementation of specialized models for individual mobility types, and the ANN training module within the development tool framework can also be used in retraining processes utilizing actual field data.

[0333] A framework can refer to a software package that can automatically / semi-automatically generate a specialized ANN basic model when basic information is input, and the amount and reliability of data for the initial model configuration can be selected by the user, and the level of the retraining process can also be selected by the user.

[0334] A method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a step (S1200) of detecting / discovering / confirming the entry of mobility into a charging station.

[0335] The step (S1300) of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step (S1310) of determining whether two-way communication between mobility and a dispenser is possible.

[0336] The step (S1300) of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step (S1320) of determining whether a communication protocol related to a hydrogen fueling protocol supports two-way communication between mobility and a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility.

[0337] These series of processes may be performed as part of at least one of processes S401, S403, S404, and S405 illustrated in Fig. 9. In addition, when the initially determined support for two-way communication changes due to a change in the communication environment, as an exceptional case, a new communication environment may be determined as part of the process of steps S410 and / or S411, and whether or not two-way communication is supported may be newly determined.

[0338] A method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention may further include a step of determining whether the hydrogen fuel supply protocol determined in step S1400 or the like supports model-based control.

[0339] The process at this time can be performed as part of at least one of the processes S401, S403, S404, and S405 illustrated in FIG. 9.

[0340] At this time, in the step of supplying hydrogen to the mobility (S1500), if the hydrogen fuel supply protocol supports model-based control, hydrogen can be supplied to the mobility using a specialized model according to the communication level of the available communication protocol.

[0341] All specialized ANN models individually implemented for each communication level can be installed in the dispenser and operated together, and when the mobility enters the charging station (S1200), the type of fuel supply protocol can be determined through a re-verification process for the communication level using a procedure such as that illustrated in FIG. 11 and FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 described below.

[0342] ① When mobility enters a charging station (S1200), the available communication method and communication status between mobility and dispenser can be confirmed (S1300).

[0343] Communication methods can take various forms, including non-communication, IrDA, wired, and Bluetooth, depending on the applicable standard protocol. The communication method may not determine the communication level. Even if the communication method is confirmed, communication may be impossible for various reasons, in which case the non-communication method may be determined (S1310, S1320).

[0344] ② The communication level according to the confirmed communication method can be checked, and a model matching the communication level can be selected from among the specialized ANN models for each communication level installed in the dispenser.

[0345] ③ After the protocol is determined (S1400), static data is transmitted for communication methods of Levels 1, 2, and 3, and a preparatory process for fuel supply can then begin. This process can include communication checks and various preparatory steps for hydrogen fuel supply between the mobility and the charging station. For non-communication methods of Level 0, the static data transmission and reception process is omitted.

[0346] ④ The fuel supply process is in progress (S1500). In the non-communication mode, fuel supply can be performed according to pre-determined rules. In the communication mode, a fuel supply control function utilizing dynamic data can be implemented.

[0347] In embodiments of Levels 1 and 2, the reliability of the received dynamic data may not be guaranteed. In this case, the temperature and pressure results of the mobility can be predicted using the ANN model and / or the inherent thermodynamic model. Furthermore, since the reliability of the dynamic data is not sufficiently guaranteed in embodiments of Levels 1 and 2, the control part of the dispenser can distinguish between the data it can obtain itself (static and dynamic) and dynamic data from the outside (mobility or charging station) and utilize them to predict and / or control the hydrogen fueling process. This can also be applied to the training or retraining of the ANN model, but if the external dynamic data is verified in the future, it can be used for the training or retraining of the ANN model.

[0348] In the Lv.3 embodiment, received dynamic data can be directly utilized to generate control information or directly control the hydrogen fueling process. Dynamic data can also be utilized in future ANN model training or retraining processes.

[0349] ⑤ When the target value is reached, fuel supply can be terminated. Non-communication methods may not accumulate data for retraining the ANN model, except for information about the problem situation. Data from the communication method can be sent to the ANN model and used in the retraining process. Furthermore, the data itself can be accumulated and utilized as big data for the hydrogen fueling process.

[0350] FIG. 12 is an operation flow diagram illustrating an embodiment corresponding to FIG. 10 and FIG. 11, assuming that the communication level is “0”.

[0351] The step (S1300) of determining the communication environment of the method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining whether the collection of static data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol. At this time, in the step (S1500) of supplying hydrogen to the mobility, hydrogen can be supplied to the mobility using a specialized model and static data.

[0352] Referring to Fig. 12, when the communication level is determined to be '0' (S1300), a fuel supply protocol corresponding to the communication level = '0' can be selected and determined to be applied to the hydrogen fuel supply process (S1430).

[0353] A preparation step (S1510) for fueling mobility with hydrogen can be performed according to predefined rules in the fueling protocol.

[0354] A step (S1520) of supplying hydrogen to mobility can be performed according to a predefined rule in the fuel supply protocol.

[0355] The hydrogen fueling process can be terminated according to predefined rules and conditions in the fueling protocol (S1530). These conditions may be predefined, such as when a predetermined SoC (SoC) has been achieved or a predetermined amount of hydrogen has been delivered.

[0356] FIG. 13 is an operational flowchart illustrating another embodiment corresponding to FIGS. 10 and 11, assuming a case where the communication level is other than “0”.

[0357] Referring to FIG. 13, the step (S1300) of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step (S1340) of determining whether collection of dynamic data between mobility and a dispenser is supported based on a communication level of an available communication protocol. At this time, the step (S1500) of supplying hydrogen to mobility may supply hydrogen to mobility using a specialized model and dynamic data.

[0358] The step (S1300) of determining a communication environment of a method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of determining the reliability of static data or dynamic data collected between mobility and a dispenser based on a communication level of an available communication protocol; and a step of determining, based on the reliability, whether the static data or dynamic data can be used for control or safety functions of a hydrogen fueling process. This process may be performed with reference to step S1340 disclosed in FIG. 13.

[0359] The communication level may refer to the contents disclosed in Table 1 and / or Table 2 described above.

[0360] If the communication level is not '0', the communication level can be classified as 1, 2, 3, etc., considering reliability / stability of static / dynamic data.

[0361] When the communication level is determined as one of 1, 2, or 3, a fuel supply protocol corresponding to the communication level can be determined (S1440).

[0362] This process can be performed as at least some of the processes of steps S401, S403, S404, and S405 of the aforementioned FIG. 9.

[0363] In a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention, static data can be acquired (S1120). Examples of static data and dynamic data may be referenced to the description related to the embodiment of FIG. 3 above.

[0364] Based on the predefined rules in the fuel supply protocol, a preparation step (S1510) for supplying hydrogen to mobility can be performed.

[0365] A step (S1520) of supplying hydrogen to mobility can be performed according to a predefined rule in the fuel supply protocol.

[0366] Dynamic data of the fuel supply process can be acquired (S1130).

[0367] Dynamic data can be generated in the control parts of each of the dispenser, charging station, and mobility, and the process of acquiring dynamic data in step S1130 can be performed by the dispenser, a controller within the dispenser, or a control model within the dispenser.

[0368] At this time, the step (S1500) of supplying hydrogen to mobility in the method for supplying hydrogen according to one embodiment of the present invention may include a step of using static data or dynamic data when controlling the process of supplying hydrogen to mobility using a specialized model; and a step of using static data or dynamic data to determine whether the process of supplying hydrogen is performed safely. This process may be performed in an embodiment in which the communication level is 3, with reference to the matters disclosed in Table 1 and / or Table 2 described above.

[0369] In a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be a model that has learned a model prediction control (MPC) function.

[0370] In a method for supplying hydrogen fuel according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be an artificial neural network (ANN) model that has learned a control function of a hydrogen fuel supply process.

[0371] Direct control, indirect control, or control assistance of the hydrogen fuel supply process by an artificial neural network model that has learned model predictive control functions may be referred to as ANN-MPC-based control for convenience of explanation.

[0372] In one embodiment of the present invention, in an embodiment where the communication level is 3, most of the functions of ANN-MPC-based control can be applied without limitation.

[0373] Dynamic data of the fuel supply process can be transmitted to a specialized artificial neural network model (1110). The specialized artificial neural network model (1110) may be an artificial neural network model specialized for each communication level. Furthermore, in an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the specialized artificial neural network model may be an artificial neural network model specialized not only for the communication level but also for the specifications of the charging station and the type of mobility (type based on specifications such as the hydrogen storage capacity of the mobility).

[0374] By means of a specialized artificial neural network model (1110), control information for predicting the fuel supply process or controlling the fuel supply process can be generated (S1140).

[0375] Control information for predicting or controlling the fuel supply process may be provided in the process of supplying hydrogen to mobility (S1520). At this time, the control information of step S1520 may be adaptively adjusted based on the prediction of the fuel supply process. In an alternative embodiment of the present invention, the control information generated in step S1140 may be provided as direct control information of step S1520. In another alternative embodiment of the present invention, the control information generated in step S1140 may perform a function of accelerating or optimizing the overall fuel supply process, such as controlling the precooling temperature of the charging station, even if it does not directly affect step S1520 as indirect / auxiliary control information.

[0376] The hydrogen fueling process can be terminated according to predefined rules and conditions in the fueling protocol (S1530). These conditions may be predefined, such as when a predetermined SoC (SoC) has been achieved or a predetermined amount of hydrogen has been delivered.

[0377] After the fuel supply is terminated (S1530), the dynamic data acquired in step S1130 can be accumulated by performing step S1140.

[0378] The dynamic data acquired in step S1130 can be used to retrain a specialized artificial neural network model (1110) by performing step S1140.

[0379] Before the dynamic data acquired in step S1130 is accumulated in step S1140 or used for retraining a specialized artificial neural network model (1110), it can be verified whether the dynamic data satisfies a predetermined condition.

[0380] The order of each process illustrated in the embodiments of FIGS. 9 to 13 described above is illustrative and does not necessarily have to be performed in the order illustrated in the drawings. For example, the static data acquisition process (S1120) of FIG. 13 may be performed simultaneously with, or preceded or followed by, any one of the preceding processes S1340 and S1440.

[0381] The artificial neural network model (120) of the embodiment of the present invention described above can learn the function of controlling the hydrogen fuel supply process or learn a part of the process of the control function using simulation data and real on-site data.

[0382] The actual field data used for learning may vary depending on the specifications of the storage tank or equipment on the charging station (200) side, and if fuel is actually supplied for a specific mobility (300), the reliability of the artificial neural network model (120) may be reduced if the hardware specifications at the time of learning data and actual application are different.

[0383] In order to improve and optimize the reliability and efficiency of the artificial neural network model (120), individual models specialized for each type and detailed specifications of the charging station (200) and mobility (300) can be learned.

[0384] Conditions for classifying the sub-individual models may include, for the charging station (200), maximum supply pressure, precooling temperature, maximum flow rate, etc.

[0385] In the case of mobility (300), it may include a vehicle model name, CHSS total volume, largest container volume, allowable maximum flow rate, etc., and the vehicle model name may include a serial number classified by manufacturer, etc.

[0386] At this time, the CHSS of the mobility (300) can be implemented by including various types of storage tanks of different sizes for safety, and in the mobility (300), not only the total volume of the CHSS but also the specifications of the detailed storage tanks can be considered as important.

[0387] An artificial neural network model (120) that is individually specialized and learned can be placed in a dispenser (100) and operated, and depending on the embodiment, can be stored in a mobility (300) or a third-party location and operated by communicating via a network.

[0388] A basic artificial neural network model is provided in the dispenser (100), and subordinate artificial neural network models that are learned and differentiated according to individual specialized conditions can be deployed and managed in the dispenser (100). The basic artificial neural network model can be initialized by the manufacturing company of the mobility (300).

[0389] In some embodiments, even if the basic artificial neural network model is stored in the mobility (300) or third-party location, the individual model for hydrogen fuel supply may be stored and operated on the dispenser (100) side when operated in an actual field.

[0390] In another embodiment of the present invention, a manufacturer of a mobility (300) can create and distribute an initialized basic artificial neural network model using data specific to the characteristics of a storage tank. The basic artificial neural network model can be stored in storage within the mobility (300) and transmitted to the dispenser (100) after the mobility (300) enters a charging station (100).

[0391] Differentiation of specialized artificial neural network models and learning of lower-level individual models can be primarily performed by the dispenser (100). Lower-level individual models can be learned or relearned based on actual fuel supply data performed by the dispenser (100).

[0392] To ensure the reliability of individual sub-models, retraining of the artificial neural network model can be performed when sufficient field data has been accumulated. This process can be performed periodically or aperiodically in the dispenser (100).

[0393] To ensure the reliability of the individual sub-models, the mobility (300) manufacturing company can collect fuel supply data received from the charging station (200) and retrain the basic artificial neural network model. The basic artificial neural network model updated through retraining (which can be interpreted as a model specialized for each mobility (300)) can be transmitted to the dispenser (100) for updating. The basic artificial neural network model can be transmitted to the dispenser (100) when the mobility (300) enters the charging station (200).

[0394] A third party can be operated to ensure the reliability of individual sub-models and provide integrated management.

[0395] Third parties may be government agencies, associations, professional management companies, etc.

[0396] An association may be a technology-related association or a standards-related association.

[0397] Fuel supply data generated in actual fields can be collected through cloud servers and retrained using an artificial neural network model. Third parties can create and distribute basic artificial neural network models on behalf of mobility (300) companies.

[0398] Additionally, subordinate individual models can be collected periodically or aperiodically, comprehensively upgraded, and the upgraded individual models can be provided back to individual gas stations (200). This process can also be implemented as a type of federated learning.

[0399] FIG. 14 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a generalized hydrogen fuel supply control device, hydrogen fuel supply control system, hydrogen fuel supply simulation device, hydrogen fuel supply simulation system, hydrogen fuel supply test platform, hydrogen fuel supply test system, or computing system capable of performing at least a portion of the processes of FIGS. 1 to 13.

[0400] Referring to FIG. 14, a computing system (3000) according to one embodiment of the present invention may be configured to include a processor (3100), a memory (3200), a communication interface (3300), a storage device (3400), an input interface (3500), an output interface (3600), and a bus (3700).

[0401] The artificial neural network model (120) or specialized artificial neural network model (1110) of the above-described embodiment can be arranged like the artificial neural network model (3800) of FIG. 14 and communicate with other elements within the computing system via the bus (3700).

[0402] A computing system (3000) according to one embodiment of the present invention may include at least one processor (3100) and a memory (3200) that stores instructions that instruct the at least one processor (3100) to perform at least one step. At least some steps of a method according to one embodiment of the present invention may be performed by the at least one processor (3100) loading and executing instructions from the memory (3200).

[0403] The processor (3100) may mean a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), or a dedicated processor on which methods according to embodiments of the present invention are performed.

[0404] Each of the memory (3200) and the storage device (3400) may be configured with at least one of a volatile storage medium and a non-volatile storage medium. For example, the memory (3200) may be configured with at least one of a read-only memory (ROM) and a random access memory (RAM).

[0405] Additionally, the computing system (3000) may include a communication interface (3300) that performs communication via a wireless network.

[0406] Additionally, the computing system (3000) may further include a storage device (3400), an input interface (3500), an output interface (3600), etc.

[0407] Additionally, each component included in the computing system (3000) can communicate with each other by being connected by a bus (3700).

[0408] Examples of the computing system (3000) of the present invention may include a communicable desktop computer, a laptop computer, a notebook, a smart phone, a tablet PC, a mobile phone, a smart watch, smart glasses, an e-book reader, a portable multimedia player (PMP), a portable game console, a navigation device, a digital camera, a digital multimedia broadcasting (DMB) player, a digital audio recorder, a digital audio player, a digital video recorder, a digital video player, a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant), etc.

[0409] A device mounted on a hydrogen-fueled mobility (300) according to one embodiment of the present invention and controlling a process of supplying hydrogen fuel may include a memory (3200) storing at least one command; and a processor (3100) executing at least one command.

[0410] The processor (3100) can determine a communication environment including at least one of a communication status between the mobility and the dispenser, an available communication protocol, and a communication level of the available communication protocol, by at least one command, determine a hydrogen fueling protocol between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication environment, and control the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility based on the hydrogen fueling protocol.

[0411] When determining a communication environment, the processor (3100) can determine whether two-way communication between the mobility and the dispenser is possible.

[0412] When determining a communication environment, the processor (3100) can determine whether a communication protocol related to a hydrogen fueling protocol supports bidirectional communication between the mobility and a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to the mobility.

[0413] The processor (3100) can determine, by at least one command, whether the hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control.

[0414] At this time, when controlling the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, if the hydrogen fuel supply protocol supports model-based control, the processor (3100) can control the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model according to the communication level of the available communication protocol.

[0415] When determining a communication environment, the processor (3100) can determine whether the collection of static data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol. At this time, when controlling the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, the processor (3100) can control the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model and static data.

[0416] When determining a communication environment, the processor (3100) can determine whether dynamic data collection between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol. At this time, when controlling the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, the processor (3100) can control the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model and dynamic data.

[0417] When determining a communication environment, the processor (3100) can determine the reliability of static data or dynamic data collected between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication level of the available communication protocol, and can determine, based on the reliability, whether the static data or dynamic data can be used for control or safety functions of the process of supplying hydrogen.

[0418] At this time, the processor (3100) may use static data or dynamic data when controlling the process of supplying hydrogen to the mobility using a specialized model when controlling the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, and may use the static data or dynamic data to determine whether the process of supplying hydrogen is performed safely.

[0419] In a device for controlling a process of supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-fueled mobility according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be a model that has learned a model prediction control (MPC) function.

[0420] In a device for controlling a process of supplying hydrogen fuel to a hydrogen-fueled mobility according to one embodiment of the present invention, the specialized model may be an artificial neural network (ANN) model that has learned a control function of the hydrogen fueling process.

[0421] A control device for a hydrogen fuel supply process according to one embodiment of the present invention may be placed in a dispenser that supplies hydrogen to a mobility vehicle, or may be implemented as a controller that is not placed in the dispenser but is capable of electronically communicating with the dispenser and influencing the fueling of the dispenser.

[0422] The operations of the method according to an embodiment of the present invention can be implemented as a computer-readable program or code on a computer-readable recording medium. A computer-readable recording medium includes any type of recording device that stores information readable by a computer system. Furthermore, a computer-readable recording medium can be distributed across network-connected computer systems, allowing the computer-readable program or code to be stored and executed in a distributed manner.

[0423] Additionally, the computer-readable recording medium may include hardware devices specifically configured to store and execute program instructions, such as ROM, RAM, flash memory, etc. The program instructions may include not only machine language codes produced by a compiler, but also high-level language codes that can be executed by a computer using an interpreter, etc.

[0424] While some aspects of the present invention have been described in the context of a device, they may also represent a description of a corresponding method, wherein a block or device corresponds to a method step or a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in the context of a method may also be described as a corresponding block or item or a feature of a corresponding device. Some or all of the method steps may be performed by (or using) a hardware device, such as, for example, a microprocessor, a programmable computer, or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, at least one or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such a device.

[0425] In embodiments, a programmable logic device (e.g., a field-programmable gate array) may be used to perform some or all of the functions of the methods described herein. In embodiments, the field-programmable gate array may operate in conjunction with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein. In general, the methods are preferably performed by some hardware device.

[0426] Although the present invention has been described above with reference to preferred embodiments thereof, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes may be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the claims below.

Claims

1. A method for supplying hydrogen fuel, which is performed in a dispenser that supplies hydrogen fuel to a mobility that uses hydrogen as fuel, A step of determining a communication environment including at least one of a communication status between the mobility and the dispenser, an available communication protocol, and a communication level of the available communication protocol; A step of determining a hydrogen fuel supply protocol between the mobility and the dispenser based on the above communication environment; and A step of fueling the mobility with hydrogen based on the above hydrogen fueling protocol; Including, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

2. In paragraph 1, The steps for determining the above communication environment are: A step of determining whether two-way communication between the above mobility and the above dispenser is possible; Including, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

3. In paragraph 1, The steps for determining the above communication environment are: A step of determining whether a communication protocol related to the above hydrogen fueling protocol supports bidirectional communication between the mobility and a dispenser that fuels the mobility with hydrogen; Including, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

4. In paragraph 1, A step of determining whether the above hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control; Including more, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

5. In paragraph 4, The step of supplying hydrogen to the above mobility is: In case the above hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control, hydrogen is fueled to the mobility using a specialized model according to the communication level of the available communication protocol. A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

6. In paragraph 5, The steps for determining the above communication environment are: A step of determining whether collection of static data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol; Including, The step of supplying hydrogen to the above mobility is: Fueling the mobility with hydrogen using the above specialized model and the above static data, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

7. In paragraph 5, The steps for determining the above communication environment are: A step of determining whether collection of dynamic data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol; Including, The step of supplying hydrogen to the above mobility is: Fueling the mobility with hydrogen using the above specialized model and the above dynamic data, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

8. In paragraph 5, The steps for determining the above communication environment are: A step of determining the reliability of static data or dynamic data collected between the mobility and the dispenser based on the communication level of the available communication protocol; and Based on the reliability, a step of determining whether the static data or the dynamic data can be used for control or safety functions of the process of supplying hydrogen; Including, The step of supplying hydrogen to the above mobility is: A step of using the static data or the dynamic data when controlling the process of supplying hydrogen to the mobility using the specialized model; and A step of using the static data or the dynamic data to determine whether the process of supplying the hydrogen fuel is performed safely; Including, A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

9. In paragraph 5, The above specialized model is a model that has learned the Model Prediction Control (MPC) function. A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

10. In paragraph 5, The above specialized model is an artificial neural network (ANN) model that has learned the control function of the hydrogen fuel supply process. A method for fueling hydrogen for hydrogen fuel mobility.

11. A device that controls the process of supplying hydrogen to a hydrogen-fueled mobility vehicle. a memory storing at least one command; and A processor for executing at least one of the above instructions; Including, The processor, by means of at least one instruction, Determine a communication environment including at least one of a communication status between the above mobility and the above dispenser, an available communication protocol, and a communication level of the available communication protocol, Based on the above communication environment, a hydrogen fuel supply protocol is determined between the mobility and the dispenser, Controlling the dispenser to fuel the mobility with hydrogen based on the hydrogen fueling protocol; A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

12. In paragraph 11, The above processor, when determining the communication environment, Determining whether two-way communication between the above mobility and the above dispenser is possible, A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

13. In paragraph 11, The above processor, when determining the communication environment, Determining whether the communication protocol associated with the above hydrogen fueling protocol supports bidirectional communication between the mobility and a dispenser that fuels the mobility with hydrogen; A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

14. In paragraph 11, The processor, by means of at least one instruction, Determining whether the above hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control; A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

15. In paragraph 14, The above processor controls the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, In case the above hydrogen fueling protocol supports model-based control, the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility is controlled using a specialized model according to the communication level of the available communication protocol. A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

16. In paragraph 15, The above processor, when determining the communication environment, Determining whether collection of static data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol; The above processor controls the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, Using the above specialized model and the above static data, the process of the dispenser supplying hydrogen to the mobility is controlled. A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

17. In paragraph 15, The above processor, when determining the communication environment, Determining whether the collection of dynamic data between the mobility and the dispenser is supported based on the communication level of the available communication protocol; The above processor controls the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, Using the above specialized model and the above dynamic data, the dispenser controls the process of supplying hydrogen to the mobility. A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

18. In paragraph 15, The above processor, when determining the communication environment, Based on the communication level of the above available communication protocol, the reliability of static data or dynamic data collected between the mobility and the dispenser is determined, Based on the above reliability, it is determined whether the static data or the dynamic data can be used for control or safety functions of the process of supplying the hydrogen, The above processor controls the dispenser to supply hydrogen to the mobility, When controlling the process of supplying hydrogen to the mobility using the above-mentioned specialized model, the static data or the dynamic data is used, In order to determine whether the process of supplying the hydrogen fuel is performed safely, the static data or the dynamic data is used. A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

19. In paragraph 15, The above specialized model is a model that has learned the Model Prediction Control (MPC) function. A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

20. In paragraph 15, The above specialized model is an artificial neural network (ANN) model that has learned the control function of the hydrogen fuel supply process. A control device for the process of supplying hydrogen to hydrogen fuel mobility.

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