Capacitive encoder
The capacitive encoder improves precision by converting overlapping area changes into orthogonal functions, addressing harmonic wave issues and reducing assembly complexity.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/078411
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-02-23
- Publication Date
- 2025-08-28
AI Technical Summary
Conventional capacitive encoders suffer from harmonic waves during rotation angle detection, affecting precision.
A capacitive encoder design with outer-circle and inner-circle excitation and receiving electrodes, coupled by a common electrode ring, converts overlapping area changes into orthogonal functions to determine rotation angles, using a detection circuit to improve precision.
Enhances detection precision by calculating rotation angles based on orthogonal functions, eliminating the need for additional sensors and reducing assembly complexity while maintaining cost-effectiveness.
Smart Images

Figure CN2024078411_28082025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Capacitive EncoderTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of capacitive encoders, and specifically to a capacitive encoder.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The capacitive encoders are known for their simple structures, less sensitivity to dust and oil, and high reliability, and can be manufactured at a relatively low cost. In general, the capacitive encoder comprises a rotor PCB (Printed Circuit Board) and a stator PCB, and the rotor PCB is fixed on the rotor. Therefore, the rotor PCB and the rotor are rotated synchronously. Also, the stator PCB is fixed on the stator. The capacitive encoder detects a rotation angle of the rotor PCB with respect to the stator PCB based on detecting a change in area of the overlapped portion between the design pattern on the rotor PCB and the design pattern on the stator PCB, i.e. detecting the rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator based on the above change in area. However, the current conventional structures of the rotor PCB and the stator PCB results in that the capacitive encoder will face various problems, such as being prone to produce a harmonic wave, when detecting the rotation angle, thus affecting the final detection precision.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0003] In the embodiments of the present invention, a capacitive encoder is provided which can improve the detection precision.
[0004] According to a first aspect, a capacitive encoder as provided in an embodiment of the present invention comprises: a rotor PCB, a stator PCB and a detection circuit;
[0005] the rotor PCB is fixed on the rotor, and comprises: outer-circle excitation electrodes, inner-circle excitation electrodes and a coupling electrode ring which share a same circle center and are arranged in sequence in a direction pointing to the circle center;
[0006] the stator PCB is fixed on the stator, and comprises: outer-circle receiving electrodes, inner-circle receiving electrodes and an excitation electrode ring which share a same circle center and are arranged in sequence in a direction pointing to the circle center;
[0007] wherein the excitation electrode ring is used for coupling an excitation signal to the coupling electrode ring such that the coupling electrode ring can transmit the excitation signal to the outer-circle excitation electrode and the inner-circle excitation electrode;
[0008] during rotation of the rotor PCB with the rotor, both an outer-circle overlapping area and an inner-circle overlapping area change wherein the outer-circle overlapping area is an overlapping area between the outer-circle excitation electrodes and the outer-circle receiving electrodes, and the inner-circle overlapping area is an overlapping area between the inner-circle excitation electrode and the inner-circle receiving electrode; and
[0009] the detection circuit is used for converting the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into an orthogonal function, and determining a rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator according to the orthogonal function.
[0010] The capacitive encoders as provided in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects: the rotor PCB is provided thereon with outer-circle excitation electrodes, inner-circle excitation electrodes and a coupling electrode ring, and the stator PCB is provided thereon with outer-circle receiving electrodes, inner-circle receiving electrodes and an excitation electrode ring. During rotation of the rotor PCB with the rotor, both the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area change, meaning that the capacitance between the receiving electrode and the excitation electrode changes. Therefore, the detection circuit converts the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into an orthogonal function, actually converting the change in capacitance between the receiving electrode and the excitation electrode into the orthogonal function, and further determines a rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator according to the orthogonal function. In the present solution, two circles of excitation electrodes and two circles of receiving electrodes are provided, and thus the changes in two circles of overlapping areas can be obtained. Thus, the rotation angle is calculated based on the changes in the two circles of overlapping areas, and the precision of the rotation angle can be improved, i.e. improving the detection precision.
[0011] DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0012] In order to explain the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art more clearly, the figures necessary to be used for description in the embodiments or in the prior art will be briefly introduced as below. Apparently, the figures for the description below are for some embodiments in the present invention. Based on these figures, those skilled in the art can obtain other figures without any inventive work.
[0013] Figure 1 is a structural diagram of a rotor PCB in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0014] Figure 2 is a structural diagram of a stator PCB in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0015] Figure 3 is a structural diagram of upper portions of a rotor PCB and a stator PCB after assembling in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0016] Figure 4 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit of a capacitive encoder in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0017] Figures 5~9 are diagrams of overlapping areas between a first excitation electrode and a first receiving electrode in an embodiment of the present invention.
[0018] Reference Numerals:
[0019] DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS
[0020] In order to make the objective (s) , technical solutions and advantages of embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely hereinafter in connection with the figures in the embodiments of the present invention. Apparently, the described embodiments are some embodiments in the present invention, rather than all embodiments. Any other embodiments obtained based on the embodiments in the present invention by those skilled in the art without any inventive work will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
[0021] In an embodiment of the present invention, a capacitive encoder is provided. Referring to figures 1~3, the capacitive encoder comprises: a rotor PCB 10, a stator PCB 20 and a detection circuit;
[0022] the rotor PCB 10 is fixed on the rotor, and comprises: outer-circle excitation electrodes 11, inner-circle excitation electrodes 12 and a coupling electrode ring 13 which share a same circle center and are arranged in sequence in a direction pointing to the circle center;
[0023] the stator PCB 20 is fixed on the stator, and comprises: outer-circle receiving electrodes 21, inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 and an excitation electrode ring 23 which share a same circle center and are arranged in sequence in a direction pointing to the circle center;
[0024] wherein the excitation electrode ring 23 is used for coupling an excitation signal to the coupling electrode ring 13 such that the coupling electrode ring 13 can transmit the excitation signal to the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12;
[0025] during rotation of the rotor PCB 10 with the rotor, both an outer-circle overlapping area and an inner-circle overlapping area change wherein the outer-circle overlapping area is an overlapping area between the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11 and the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21, and the inner-circle overlapping area is an overlapping area between the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22; and
[0026] the detection circuit is used for converting the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into an orthogonal function, and determining a rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator according to the orthogonal function.
[0027] It is understandable that the rotor PCB 10 is a circular disk and the stator PCB 20 is a circular disk, too, and these two circular disks, the rotor PCB 10 and the stator PCB 20, are stacked. In operation, the rotor rotates with respect to the stator, and thus the rotor PCB 10 rotates with respect to the stator PCB 20. Thus, a rotation angle is produced for the rotor PCB 10 with respect to the stator PCB 20, and the rotation angle is also the rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator.
[0028] It is understandable that in the rotor PCB 10, the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11, the inner-circle excitation electrodes 12 and the coupling electrode ring 13 are provided / arranged in a circular ring shape and share the same circle center, with the circular rings where the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11, the inner-circle excitation electrodes 12 and the coupling electrode ring 13 are arranged having decreasing radiuses. That is, the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11 are provided outside the inner-circle excitation electrodes 12, and the inner-circle excitation electrodes 12 are provided outside the coupling electrode ring 13.
[0029] It is understandable that in the stator PCB 20, the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21, the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 and the excitation electrode ring 23 are provided / arranged in a circular ring shape and share the same circle center, with the circular rings where the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21, the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 and the excitation electrode ring 23 are arranged having decreasing radiuses. That is, the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 are provided outside the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22, and the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 are provided outside the excitation electrode ring 23.
[0030] Herein, the positions of the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11 in the rotor PCB 10 and the positions of the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 in the stator PCB 20 are corresponding. Therefore, the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 will form a capacitor. The positions of the inner-circle excitation electrodes 12 in the rotor PCB 10 and the positions of the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 in the stator PCB 20 are corresponding. Therefore, the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 will form a capacitor. Moreover, the capacitor formed by the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 and the capacitor formed by the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 are changeable or variable because the rotor PCB 10 will rotate with rotation of the rotor such that the area of the overlapping zone between the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 will change / vary, and also the area of the overlapping zone between the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 will change / vary. As the area of the overlapping zone changes / varies, the formed capacitor is changeable or variable.
[0031] It is understandable that in order to form the above capacitor (s) , it is also necessary to provide an excitation signal to the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12, the excitation signal for the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 comes from the coupling electrode ring 13, and the excitation signal on the coupling electrode ring 13 comes from an external device. That is, the position of the coupling electrode ring 13 in the rotor PCB 10 corresponds to the position of the excitation electrode ring 23 in the stator PCB 20. Thus, after the excitation signal is transmitted by the external device to the excitation electrode ring 23 in the stator PCB 20, the excitation electrode ring 23 can couple the excitation signal into the coupling electrode ring 13 in the rotor PCB 10, and further, the coupling electrode ring 13 transmits the excitation signal to the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 in the rotor PCB 10.
[0032] Herein, the area of the overlapping zone between the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 is called as outer-circle overlapping area, and the area of the overlapping zone between the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 is called as inner-circle overlapping area.
[0033] Herein, the detection circuit functions to convert the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into an orthogonal function, and further use the orthogonal function to determine the rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator. As the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area will cause a change in capacitance, the rotation angle is calculated actually based on the change in capacitance in the embodiment (s) of the present invention.
[0034] Herein, the rotation angle is in a range of [0, 2π] . The stator PCB 20 is used as a stationary disc, while the rotor PCB 10 is used as a movable disk. Therefore, the relative rotation angle therebetween is also an absolute rotation angle of the rotor. Thus, by the capacitive encoder as provided in the embodiment (s) of the present invention, it is possible to directly calculate the absolute rotation angle.
[0035] As can be seen, in the embodiment (s) of the present invention, as the absolute rotation angle can be directly calculated and obtained, it is not necessary to use other measuring methods to calculate the absolute rotation angle, and the total cost of the whole system can be saved. In the prior art, however, it is necessary to use other solutions (such as those using an angular sensor, a magnetic block, etc. ) to determine the absolute position. As it is not necessary in the embodiment (s) of the present invention to add an angular sensor or a magnetic block, it is easy in the embodiment (s) of the present invention for assembling and manufacturing.
[0036] In an embodiment, the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 may comprise: N first excitation electrodes uniformly arranged along an outer-circle on the rotor PCB 10; the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 may comprise: M second excitation electrodes uniformly arranged along an inner-circle on the rotor PCB 10; the N first excitation electrodes and the M second excitation electrodes are electrically connected with the coupling electrode ring 13 such that the coupling electrode ring 13 can transmit the excitation signal to the first excitation electrodes of the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the second excitation electrodes of the inner-circle excitation electrode 12; wherein N and M are positive integers larger than 1 and they are coprime to each other, each first excitation electrode occupies a central angle of π / N, each second excitation electrode occupies a central angle of π / M, and the outer-circle on the rotor PCB 10 has a radius larger than that of the inner-circle on the rotor PCB 10.
[0037] That is, the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11 comprise N first excitation electrodes which are arranged along a circle. The inner-circle excitation electrodes 12 comprise M second excitation electrode which are arranged along a circle. Moreover, the circle along which the N first excitation electrodes are arranged is outside the circle along which the M second excitation electrodes are arranged. The N first excitation electrodes are electrically connected with the coupling electrode ring 13, and the M second excitation electrodes are also electrically connected with the coupling electrode ring 13. Thus, the coupling electrode ring 13 transmits the excitation signal to the N first excitation electrodes and the M second excitation electrodes.
[0038] Herein, as N and M are two positive integers prime to each other, the detection circuit can determine the rotation angle which is unique according to the orthogonal function. Therefore, the coprime N and M can be used to uniquely determine the absolute rotation angle, ensuring the accuracy of the absolute rotation angle. For example, N is 16 and M is 15.
[0039] Herein, each first excitation electrode occupies a central angle of π / N. That is, a circular arc between a head and a rear of one first excitation electrode corresponds to a central angle of π / N. As there are N first excitation electrodes arranged along a circle, a circular arc between the head of the former first excitation electrode of two adjacent first excitation electrodes and the head of the latter first excitation electrode corresponds to a central angle of 2π / N, and thus a circular arc between the rear of the former first excitation electrode and the head of the latter first excitation electrode corresponds to a central angle of π / N. This means that in the outer-circle where the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11 are arranged, the portion occupied by the first excitation electrodes and the portion without the first excitation electrodes correspond to the equal central angle (s) . Thus, it is possible to uniformly arrange the N first excitation electrodes, and it is easier to achieve conversion to the orthogonal function (s) to facilitate calculation.
[0040] Herein, each second excitation electrode occupies a central angle of π / M. That is, a circular arc between a head and a rear of one second excitation electrode corresponds to a central angle of π / M. As there are M second excitation electrodes arranged along a circle, a circular arc between the head of the former second excitation electrode of two adjacent second excitation electrodes and the head of the latter second excitation electrode corresponds to a central angle of 2π / M, and thus a circular arc between the rear of the former second excitation electrode and the head of the latter second excitation electrode corresponds to a central angle of π / M. This means that in the outer-circle where the outer-circle excitation electrodes 11 are arranged, the portion occupied by the second excitation electrodes and the portion without the second excitation electrodes correspond to the equal central angle (s) . Thus also, it is possible to uniformly arrange the M second excitation electrodes, and it is easier to achieve conversion to the orthogonal function (s) to facilitate calculation.
[0041] Further,
[0042] the first excitation electrode may have a shape of a spindle formed by combining an upper portion of a first sine curve with a lower portion of a second sine curve; intersection points corresponding to the first excitation electrodes are arranged on a circular circumference having its circle center at a central point of the rotor PCB 10 and its radius equal to a first radius, the intersection points are those between the upper portion of the first sine curve and the lower portion of the second sine curve; and the first sine curve and the second sine curve are same in amplitude and cycle, and are different in phase by 180°;
[0043] the second excitation electrode has a shape of a spindle formed by combining an upper portion of a third sine curve with a lower portion of a fourth sine curve; intersection points corresponding to the second excitation electrodes are arranged on a circular circumference having its circle center at a central point of the rotor PCB 10 and its radius equal to a second radius, the intersection points are those between the upper portion of the third sine curve and the lower portion of the fourth sine curve; the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve are same in amplitude and cycle, and are different in phase by 180°; and
[0044] wherein the first radius is larger than the second radius.
[0045] It is understandable that in order to facilitate subsequent calculation, the first sine curve and the second sine curve use two curves same in amplitude and cycle but different in phase by 180°. The first sine curve may be expressed as: R + Asin (Nθ) , and the second sine curve may be expressed as: R -Asin (Nθ) , wherein R is the first radius, A is the amplitude of the first sine curve and the second sine curve (i.e. a first amplitude hereinafter) , and θ is a variable of the first sine curve and the second sine curve, in a range of value of [m*2π / N, m*2π / N+ π / N ] , m = 0, 1, …, N.
[0046] It is understandable that in order to facilitate subsequent calculation, the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve use two curves same in amplitude and cycle but different in phase by 180°. The third sine curve may be expressed as: r + Bsin (Mψ) , and the fourth sine curve may be expressed as: r -Bsin (Mψ) , wherein r is the second radius, B is amplitude of the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve (i.e. a second amplitude hereinafter) , and ψ is a variable of the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve, in a range of value of [n*2π / M+ π / M, (n+1) *2π / M] , n = 0, 1, …, M.
[0047] Furthermore, both amplitudes of the first sine curve and the second sine curve are equal to a first amplitude, both amplitudes of the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve are equal to a second amplitude, and a product of the first radius and the first amplitude is equal to a product of the second radius and the second amplitude.
[0048] That is, A*R=B*r, thus facilitating subsequent combination processing to the formulas.
[0049] In an embodiment, the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 comprise: N first receiving electrode groups arranged along an outer-circle on the stator PCB 20; each first receiving electrode group comprises four first receiving electrodes which are arranged in sequence and are electrically isolated, and the first receiving electrodes, having the same sequence position, in different first receiving electrode groups are electrically connected with one another; the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 comprise: M second receiving electrode groups arranged along an inner-circle on the stator PCB 20; each second receiving electrode group comprises four second receiving electrodes which are arranged in sequence and are electrically isolated, and the second receiving electrodes, having the same sequence position, in different second receiving electrode groups are electrically connected with one another; wherein each first receiving electrode occupies a central angle of π / 2N, each second receiving electrode occupies a central angle of π / 2M, and the outer-circle on the stator PCB 20 has a radius larger than that of the inner-circle on the stator PCB 20.
[0050] That is, the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 comprise N first receiving electrode groups arranged along a circle. The inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 comprise M second receiving electrode groups arranged along a circle. The circle along which the N first receiving electrode groups are arranged is outside the circle along which the M second receiving electrode groups are arranged.
[0051] Herein, each first receiving electrode group comprises 4 first receiving electrodes which are electrically isolated (i.e. without electrical connection) , and the N first receiving electrode groups are also electrically isolated therebetween. However, the first receiving electrodes having the same sequence position in the N first receiving electrode groups are electrically connected. For example, each first receiving electrode group comprises 4 first receiving electrodes A, B, C, D. As can be seen, the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 comprise N first receiving electrodes A, N first receiving electrodes B, N first receiving electrodes C, and N first receiving electrodes D. These N first receiving electrodes A are electrically connected, these N first receiving electrodes B are electrically connected, these N first receiving electrodes C are electrically connected, and these N first receiving electrodes D are electrically connected. Each first receiving electrode occupies a central angle of π / 2N, meaning that one first receiving electrode group occupies the central angle (s) of 2π / N. As can be seen, these N first receiving electrode groups are arranged in succession.
[0052] Herein, each second receiving electrode group comprises 4 second receiving electrodes which are electrically isolated (i.e. without electrical connection) , and the M second receiving electrode groups are also electrically isolated therebetween. However, the second receiving electrodes having the same sequence position in the M second receiving electrode groups are electrically connected. For example, each second receiving electrode group comprises 4 second receiving electrodes A’, B’, C’, D’. As can be seen, the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 comprise M second receiving electrodes A’, M second receiving electrodes B’, M second receiving electrodes C’, and M second receiving electrodes D’. These M second receiving electrodes A’ are electrically connected, these M second receiving electrodes B’ are electrically connected, these M second receiving electrodes C’ are electrically connected, and these M second receiving electrodes D’ are electrically connected. Each second receiving electrode occupies a central angle of π / 2M, meaning that one second receiving electrode group occupies the central angle (s) of 2π / M. As can be seen, these M second receiving electrode groups are arranged in succession.
[0053] The circular arcs formed by the 4 first receiving electrodes in one first receiving electrode group form a cycle corresponding to a central angle of 2π / N, while on the rotor PCB 10, an arc between the head of the former first excitation electrode of adjacent two first excitation electrodes and the head of the latter first excitation electrode form a cycle corresponding to a central angle of 2π / N. As can be seen, the central angle corresponding to the cycle on the stator PCB 20 is equal to the central angle corresponding to the cycle on the rotor PCB 10. However, in one cycle on the rotor PCB 10, the first excitation electrodes are provided only at half of the positions thereof. Therefore, when the rotor PCB 10 rotates, one first excitation electrode will move in the region formed by the 4 first receiving electrodes, and thus may result in five cases to be described hereinafter which represent the changes in area of the overlapping zones of the first excitation electrodes and the first receiving electrode groups during rotation of the rotor PCB 10. Based on the five cases, it is possible to summarize a function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the first receiving electrode A and the first receiving electrode C and a function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the first receiving electrode B and the first receiving electrode D.
[0054] Also, when the rotor PCB 10 rotates, one second excitation electrode will move in the cycle formed by the 4 second receiving electrodes, and thus may result in five cases which represent the various changes in area of the overlapping zones of the second excitation electrodes and the second receiving electrode groups during rotation of the rotor PCB 10. Based on the five cases, it is possible to summarize a function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the first receiving electrode A’ and the first receiving electrode C’ and a function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the first receiving electrode B’and the first receiving electrode D’.
[0055] Further, according to the function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the first receiving electrode A and the first receiving electrode C, the function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the first receiving electrode B and the first receiving electrode D, the function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the second receiving electrode A’ and the second receiving electrode C’, and the function relation of an area difference of the overlapping zones corresponding to the second receiving electrode B’ and the second receiving electrode D’, the orthogonal function (s) can be determined.
[0056] As can be seen herein, one first receiving electrode group is provided therein with 4 first receiving electrodes and one second receiving electrode group is provided therein with 4 second receiving electrodes, so as to facilitate subsequent determination of the orthogonal function (s) .
[0057] Further, each first receiving electrode of the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 has a length equal to two times of the first amplitude; and each second receiving electrode of the inner-circle receiving electrodes 22 has a length equal to two times of the second amplitude.
[0058] It is understandable that the first receiving electrodes of the outer-circle receiving electrodes 21 have the same length and the second receiving electrodes of the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 have the same length. As both the receiving electrode and the receiving electrode are made of material of metal Cu, by providing the first receiving electrode having a length as two times of the first amplitude and the second receiving electrode having a length as two times of the second amplitude, it is possible for the receiving electrode to completely cover the corresponding excitation electrode, and it is also possible to reduce wasting of the area of the receiving electrode and reduce the cost.
[0059] In practical circumstances, when the stator PCB 20 and the rotor PCB 10 are made, at the beginning, the circuit board is coated with metal Cu on the whole, then a portion of the metal Cu is removed by etching or other manners, and the remained portion may form the receiving electrode, the excitation electrode, the coupling electrode ring 13, the excitation electrode ring 23, and other portions. As can be seen, by etching or other manners, electrical isolation between the electrodes, between the excitation electrode ring 23 and the receiving electrode, and between the excitation electrode and the coupling electrode ring 13 can be implemented. Next, electrical connection is performed for portions necessary for electrical connection. For example, the coupling electrode ring 13 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 are electrically connected via a wire therebetween, and inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 are electrically connected via a wire therebetween, thus achieving electrical connection between the coupling electrode ring 13, the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the outer-circle excitation electrode 11.
[0060] Hereinafter, the five cases as mentioned above will be explained:
[0061] (1) Referring to figure 5, rotation angle φ = 0;
[0062] The first excitation electrode is overlapped with the first receiving electrode A and the first receiving electrode B, but is not overlapped with the first receiving electrode C and the first receiving electrode D.
[0063] In this case, the overlapping area SA between the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode A is equal to the overlapping area SB between the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode B, and SA=SB = half of the area of the first excitation electrode; the overlapping area SC between the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode C is equal to zero; and the overlapping area SD between the first excitation electrode and the first receiving electrode D is equal to zero.
[0064] In this case, the rotor PCB 10 and the stator PCB 20 are in the initial state.
[0065] (2) Referring to figure 6, 0<L=mod (φ, 2π / N) ≤π / 2N.
[0066] Mod () is a modulus function. SC=0
[0067] (3) Referring to figure 7, π / 2N≤L=mod (φ, 2π / N) ≤π / 2N.
[0068] SB=0
[0069] (4) Referring to figure 8, π / N≤L=mod (φ, 2π / N) ≤3π / 2N. SA=0
[0070] (5) Referring to figure 9, 3π / 2N≤L=mod (φ, 2π / N) ≤2π / N.
[0071] SD=0
[0072] Based on the above formulas for SA, SB, SC and SD, during calculation of the overlapping area between the excitation electrode and the receiving electrode, it can be seen that no additional harmonic wave is produced, meaning that the capacitive encoders as provided in the embodiments of the present invention have better performances and lower assembling requirements.
[0073] Based on the above four cases (2) ~ (5) , configuring it can be obtained that:
[0074] As the outer-circle excitation electrodes comprise N first excitation electrodes, for the whole rotor PCB 10, there are totally N (SA-SC) and N (SB-SD) :
[0075] Also, for the inner-circle excitation electrodes 12, the following formulas are provided:
[0076] In an embodiment,
[0077] the rotor PCB 10 further comprises: four first shielding rings concentric with the coupling electrode ring 13, the four first shielding rings are respectively arranged: outside the outer-circle excitation electrode 11, between the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12, between the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the coupling electrode ring 13, and inside the coupling electrode ring 13;
[0078] the stator PCB 20 further comprises: four second shielding rings concentric with the excitation electrode ring 23, the four second shielding rings are respectively arranged: outside the outer-circle receiving electrode 21, between the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22, between the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 and the excitation electrode ring 23, and inside the excitation electrode ring 23; and
[0079] wherein, the positions of the four first shielding rings on the rotor PCB 10 correspond one-to-one to the positions of the four second shielding rings on the stator PCB 20, and each first shielding ring in the four first shielding rings and the second shielding ring, in the corresponding position, in the four second shielding rings form a shielding capacitor.
[0080] For example, referring to figure 1, the four first shielding rings comprise first shielding rings 141, 142, 143, 144, wherein the first shielding ring 141 is outside the outer-circle excitation electrode 11, the first shielding ring 142 is between the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12, the first shielding ring 143 is between the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the coupling electrode ring 13, and the first shielding ring 144 is inside the coupling electrode ring 13.
[0081] For example, referring to figure 2, the four second shielding rings comprise second shielding ring 241, 242, 243, 244, wherein the second shielding ring 241 is outside the outer-circle receiving electrode 21, the second shielding ring 242 is between the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22, the second shielding ring 243 is between the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 and the excitation electrode ring 23, and the second shielding ring 244 is inside the excitation electrode ring 23.
[0082] As can be seen, the first shielding ring outside the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the second shielding ring outside the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 have corresponding positions to form a shielding capacitor. The first shielding ring between the outer-circle excitation electrode 11 and the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the second shielding ring between the outer-circle receiving electrode 21 and the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 have corresponding positions to form a shielding capacitor. The first shielding ring between the inner-circle excitation electrode 12 and the coupling electrode ring 13 and the second shielding ring between the inner-circle receiving electrode 22 and the excitation electrode ring 23 have corresponding positions to form a shielding capacitor. The first shielding ring inside the coupling electrode ring 13 and the second shielding ring inside the excitation electrode ring 23 have corresponding positions to form a shielding capacitor.
[0083] In order to achieve electrical connection between the first excitation electrode, the second excitation electrode and the coupling electrode ring 13, it is necessary to connect the first excitation electrode and the second excitation electrode via a wire and connect the second excitation electrode and the coupling electrode ring 13 via a wire. The existence of the connection wires will result in that during calculation of SA–SC, SB–SD, SA’–SD’, SB’–SD’, it is necessary to consider the change in area due to the connection wires which, however, is relatively complicated and is difficult to be quantified. If the change in area due to the connection wires is added, the complexity of calculation will be significantly increased. Therefore, during the above calculation, the influence by the connection wires is not considered. In the embodiment (s) of the present invention, the shielding rings are provided to form 4 shielding capacitors and thus it is possible to reduce the influence of the connection wires on the change in area. Therefore, even if the influence due to the connection wires is not considered during calculation, the calculation result is very approximate to the actual case (s) , providing improved reliability of the calculation result. Moreover, by providing the shielding rings, it is possible to avoid interference between adjacent two circles of electrodes.
[0084] In an embodiment, the detection circuit comprises an analog circuit and a digital circuit; wherein:
[0085] the analog circuit is used for converting the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into two of the orthogonal functions; and
[0086] the digital circuit is used for performing digital operation processing to the two orthogonal functions, to obtain the rotation angle.
[0087] As can be seen, the calculation in the detection circuit is performed partially by the analog circuit, and partially by the digital circuit. Herein, the determination of the orthogonal function is implemented by the analog circuit, and may be implemented by a plurality of operational amplifiers, for example. Herein, the calculation of the rotation angle based on the orthogonal function is implemented by the digital circuit, such as FPGA, for example.
[0088] Further, referring to figure 4, the analog circuit comprises: a first operational amplifier U1, a second operational amplifier U2, a third operational amplifier U3, a fourth operational amplifier U4, a fifth operational amplifier U5, and a sixth operational amplifier U6; wherein:
[0089] a first positive input end of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected with the first one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, a first negative input end of the first operational amplifier U1 is connected with the third one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, the first operational amplifier U1 is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the first positive input end and an input signal of the first negative input end to obtain a first signal;
[0090] a second positive input end of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected with the second one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, a second negative input end of the second operational amplifier U2 is connected with the fourth one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, and the second operational amplifier U2 is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the second positive input end and an input signal of the second negative input end to obtain a second signal;
[0091] a third positive input end of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected with the first one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, a third negative input end of the third operational amplifier U3 is connected with the third one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, and the third operational amplifier U3 is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the third positive input end and an input signal of the third negative input end to obtain a third signal;
[0092] a fourth positive input end of the fourth operational amplifier U4 is connected with the second one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, a fourth negative input end of the fourth operational amplifier U4 is connected with the fourth one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, and the fourth operational amplifier U4 is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the fourth positive input end and an input signal of the fourth negative input end to obtain a fourth signal;
[0093] a fifth positive input end of the fifth operational amplifier U5 is connected with an output end of the first operational amplifier U1, a fifth negative input end of the fifth operational amplifier U5 is connected with an output end of the third operational amplifier U3, and the fifth operational amplifier U5 is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the fifth positive input end and an input signal of the fifth negative input end to obtain a first orthogonal function; and
[0094] a sixth positive input end of the sixth operational amplifier U6 is connected with an output end of the second operational amplifier U2, a seventh positive input end of the sixth operational amplifier U6 is connected with an output end of the fourth operational amplifier U4, and the sixth operational amplifier U6 is used for calculating a sum of an input signal of the sixth positive input end and an input signal of the seventh positive input end to obtain a second orthogonal function.
[0095] Herein, the excitation signal may be sinwt.
[0096] As the first operational amplifier U1 functions to calculate a difference, the first positive input end is connected with the first one (s) of the first receiving electrodes of the first receiving electrode groups and the first negative input end is connected with the third one (s) of the first receiving electrodes of the first receiving electrode groups, thus the first operational amplifier U1 performs the calculation of (SA–SC) *N. Therefore, the first operational amplifier U1 outputs, from its output end, the first signal as:
[0097] As the second operational amplifier U2 functions to calculate a difference, the second positive input end is connected with the second one (s) of the first receiving electrodes of the first receiving electrode groups and the second negative input end is connected with the fourth one (s) of the receiving electrodes of the first receiving electrode groups, thus the second operational amplifier U2 performs the calculation of (SB–SD) *N. Therefore, the second operational amplifier U2 outputs, from its output end, the second signal as:
[0098] As the third operational amplifier U3 functions to calculate a difference, and the third positive input end is connected with the first one (s) of the second receiving electrodes of the second receiving electrode groups and the third negative input end is connected with the third one (s) of the second receiving electrodes of the second receiving electrode groups, thus the third operational amplifier U3 performs the calculation of (SA’–SC’) *M. Therefore, the third operational amplifier U3 outputs, from its output end, the third signal as:
[0099] As the fourth operational amplifier U4 functions to calculate a difference, and the third positive input end is connected with the second one (s) of the second receiving electrodes of the second receiving electrode groups and the fourth negative input end is connected with the fourth one (s) of the second receiving electrodes of the second receiving electrode groups, thus the fourth operational amplifier U4 performs the calculation of (SB’–SD’) *M. Therefore, the fourth operational amplifier U4 outputs, from its output end, the fourth signal as:
[0100] As the fifth operational amplifier U5 functions to calculate a difference, and the fifth positive input end is connected with the first signal and the fifth negative input end is connected with the third signal. Therefore, the fifth operational amplifier U5 outputs the fifth signal (i.e. the first orthogonal function) as:
[0101] As the sixth operational amplifier U6 functions to calculate a sum, and the sixth positive input end is connected with the second signal and the seventh positive input end is connected with the fourth signal. Therefore, the sixth operational amplifier U6 outputs the sixth signal (i.e. the second orthogonal function) as:
[0102] As can be seen, in the embodiment (s) of the present invention, it is possible to use the analog circuit in the detection circuit to directly produce the orthogonal function (s) , unlike the conventional solutions which require demodulation from raw data, and the time delay can be significantly reduced. Such performance can be comparable to the optical resolution. Moreover, as the analog circuit produces two orthogonal / quadrature signals, it is possible to use the Lissajous circle method for calibration, and it is also possible to subsequently implement various digital signal processing methods, for further improving the system precision.
[0103] As the rotor drives the rotor PCB to rotate, the overlapping area between a metal layer of the outer-circle excitation electrode and a metal layer of the corresponding outer-circle receiving electrode on the stator PCB will change, in turn resulting in a change in value of the capacitor formed by the two metal layers. The excitation signal converts such value of the capacitor into a change in value of voltage. By specially designing the shape of the receiving electrode on the stator PCB and the shape of the excitation electrode on the rotor PCB, such change in value of voltage is in conformity with the orthogonal function.
[0104] In an embodiment, the digital circuit P1 is used for: dividing the first orthogonal function by the second orthogonal function to obtain a value of a tangent function about the rotation angle, and determining the rotation angle according to the value of the tangent function.
[0105] As is obtained by dividing the first orthogonal function by the second orthogonal function, thus the digital circuit P1 divides the value of the fifth signal output from the fifth operational amplifier U5 by the value of the sixth signal output from the sixth operational amplifier U6, to obtain the tangent value of The tangent value of is performed by arc-tangent processing to obtain and then multiplied by 2, to obtain
[0106] It is only necessary for the digital circuit P1 to divide the first orthogonal function by the second orthogonal function to obtain the value of the tangent function about the rotation angle, and further it is possible determine the rotation angle according to the value of the tangent function. Therefore, the calculation process of the digital circuit P1 is very simple, without need of using the high-level FPGA as the digital circuit P1. Moreover, it is possible to use the high-frequency carrier signals to move the useful signals to very-high frequency bands. Therefore, it is easy to use an analog filter to filter out low-frequency interference produced by electrodes, without need of high-order digital filters. The common MCU or DSP can work, thus significantly reducing the total cost.
[0107] Assuming that the operational amplifier has infinite input impedance, impedors ZT are connected into the circuit, and the equivalent circuit diagram of the capacitive encoder is figure 4, the impedors ZT may be implemented by capacitors, resistors, or parallel connections thereof. The impedor ZT is connected between the stator PCB 20 and the ground. If the impedor ZT is implemented by a capacitor, the volume of the impedor ZT can be obtained by calculation of the capacitance of the capacitor. The capacitance of the capacitor is much higher than CCER, and is much higher than a sum of capacitances of the capacitors between all the receiving electrodes and the corresponding excitation electrodes. CCER is the capacitance of the capacitor between the excitation electrode ring 23 of the stator PCB 20 and the coupling electrode ring 13 of the rotor PCB 10. If the impedor ZT is implemented by a resistor, the volume of the impedor ZT can be obtained by calculation of the resistance of the resistor. If the impedor ZT is implemented by the parallel connection of a resistor and a capacitor, the volume of the impedor ZT can be obtained by calculation of the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance of the resistor.
[0108] Herein, in figure 4, CA1, …, CAN are capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes A and the corresponding first excitation electrodes, CB1, …, CBN are capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes B and the corresponding first excitation electrodes, CC1, …, CCN are capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes C and the corresponding first excitation electrodes, and CD1, …, CDN are capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes D and the corresponding first excitation electrodes.
[0109] Herein, in figure 4, CA’1, …, CA’M are capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes A’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes, CB’1, …, CB’M are capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes B’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes, CC’1, …, CC’M are capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes C’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes, and CD’1, …, CD’M are capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes D’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes.
[0110] Herein, in figure 4, VA is a voltage of the first receiving electrode A, VB is a voltage of the first receiving electrode B, VC is a voltage of the first receiving electrode C, and VD is a voltage of the first receiving electrode D; VA’ is a voltage of the second receiving electrode A’, VB’ is a voltage of the second receiving electrode B’, VC’ is a voltage of the second receiving electrode C’, and VD’ is a voltage of the second receiving electrode D’.
[0111] Herein, in figure 4, Vexc is an exciting voltage applied to the stator, thus providing the excitation signal.
[0112] Herein, the capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes A and the corresponding first excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CA1 = …= CAN; the capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes B and the corresponding first excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CB1 = …= CBN; the capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes C and the corresponding first excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CC1 = …= CCN; and the capacitors formed respectively between the N first receiving electrodes D and the corresponding first excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CD1 = …= CDN; the capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes A’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CA’1 = …= CA’M; the capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes B’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CB’1 = …= CB’M; the capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes C’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CC’1 = …= CC’M; and the capacitors formed respectively between the M second receiving electrodes D’ and the corresponding second excitation electrodes are equal in value, i.e. CD’1 = …= CD’M.
[0113] Herein, the receiving electrodes have electrical potentials as below: VX =Vrot *ZT / (ZT+1 / (N *CX1) ) ; VX’ = Vrot*ZT / (ZT+1 / (M*CX’1) ) ; wherein, (X = A, B, C, D) ; Vrot = Vexc*Zall / (Zall +1 / CCER) ; Zall = (1 / N) / [1 / (ZT+1 / (N *CA1) ) +1 / (ZT +1 / (N*CB1) ) +1 / (ZT +1 / (N*CC1) ) +1 / (ZT +1 / (N*CD1) ) ] + (1 / M) / [1 / (ZT+1 / (N *CA’1) ) +1 / (ZT+ 1 / (N *CB’1) ) +1 / (ZT+ 1 / (N *CC’1) ) +1 / (ZT+ 1 / (M*CD’1) ) ] , wherein Vrot is an electrical potential produced on the rotor.
[0114] In the embodiment (s) of the present invention, it is possible to increase the frequency of the excitation signal to 1MHz, and thus it is possible to better avoid saturation of the capacitor formed by the rotor PCB 10 and the stator PCB 20. Herein, common MCU or DSP integrated analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) support sampling frequencies much higher than 1MHz.
[0115] The embodiments in the present description are described in a gradually progressive manner. The same or similar portions between different embodiments can be referred to each other. Each embodiment emphasizes in explaining the difference (s) with respect to other embodiment (s) . In particular, as the apparatus / device embodiments are substantially similar to the method embodiments, the description thereof is relatively simple, and the description of the method embodiments may be referred to for the related portions.
[0116] With the above-described specific embodiments, the purposes, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention are further explained in detail. It should be understood that the above description is only for specific embodiments in the present invention, not for defining the protection scope of the present invention. Any variation, equivalent substitution or improvement made based on the technical solutions of the present invention will fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims
1.A capacitive encoder, characterized in that it comprises: a rotor PCB (10) , a stator PCB (20) and a detection circuit;the rotor PCB (10) is fixed on the rotor, and comprises: outer-circle excitation electrodes (11) , inner-circle excitation electrodes (12) and a coupling electrode ring (13) which share a same circle center and are arranged in sequence in a direction pointing to the circle center;the stator PCB (20) is fixed on the stator, and comprises: outer-circle receiving electrodes (21) , inner-circle receiving electrodes (22) and an excitation electrode ring (23) which share a same circle center and are arranged in sequence in a direction pointing to the circle center;wherein the excitation electrode ring (23) is used for coupling an excitation signal to the coupling electrode ring (13) such that the coupling electrode ring (13) can transmit the excitation signal to the outer-circle excitation electrode (11) and the inner-circle excitation electrode (12) ;during rotation of the rotor PCB (10) with the rotor, both an outer-circle overlapping area and an inner-circle overlapping area change wherein the outer-circle overlapping area is an overlapping area between the outer-circle excitation electrodes (11) and the outer-circle receiving electrodes (21) , and the inner-circle overlapping area is an overlapping area between the inner-circle excitation electrode (12) and the inner-circle receiving electrode (22) ; andthe detection circuit is used for converting the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into an orthogonal function, and determining a rotation angle of the rotor with respect to the stator according to the orthogonal function.2.The capacitive encoder according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe outer-circle excitation electrodes (11) comprise: N first excitation electrodes uniformly arranged along an outer-circle on the rotor PCB (10) ;the inner-circle excitation electrodes (12) comprise: M second excitation electrodes uniformly arranged along an inner-circle on the rotor PCB (10) ; andthe N first excitation electrodes and the M second excitation electrodes are electrically connected with the coupling electrode ring (13) such that the coupling electrode ring (13) can transmit the excitation signal to the first excitation electrodes of the outer-circle excitation electrode (11) and the second excitation electrodes of the inner-circle excitation electrode (12) ; wherein N and M are positive integers larger than 1 and they are coprime to each other, each first excitation electrode occupies a central angle of π / N, each second excitation electrode occupies a central angle of π / M, and the outer-circle on the rotor PCB (10) has a radius larger than that of the inner-circle on the rotor PCB (10) .3.The capacitive encoder according to claim 2, characterized in thatthe outer-circle receiving electrodes (21) comprise: N first receiving electrode groups arranged along an outer-circle on the stator PCB (20) ;each first receiving electrode group comprises four first receiving electrodes (A, B, C, D) which are arranged in sequence and are electrically isolated, and the first receiving electrodes, having the same sequence position, in different first receiving electrode groups are electrically connected with one another;the inner-circle receiving electrodes (22) comprise: M second receiving electrode groups arranged along an inner-circle on the stator PCB (20) ;each second receiving electrode group comprises four second receiving electrodes (A’, B’, C’, D’) which are arranged in sequence and are electrically isolated, and the second receiving electrodes, having the same sequence position, in different second receiving electrode groups are electrically connected with one another; andwherein each first receiving electrode occupies a central angle of π / 2N, each second receiving electrode occupies a central angle of π / 2M, and the outer-circle on the stator PCB (20) has a radius larger than that of the inner-circle on the stator PCB (20) .4.The capacitive encoder according to claim 3, characterized in thatthe first excitation electrode has a shape of a spindle formed by combining an upper portion of a first sine curve with a lower portion of a second sine curve; intersection points corresponding to the first excitation electrodes are arranged on a circular circumference having its circle center at a central point of the rotor PCB (10) and its radius equal to a first radius, the intersection points are those between the upper portion of the first sine curve and the lower portion of the second sine curve; and the first sine curve and the second sine curve are same in amplitude and cycle, and are different in phase by 180°;the second excitation electrode has a shape of a spindle formed by combining an upper portion of a third sine curve with a lower portion of a fourth sine curve; intersection points corresponding to the second excitation electrodes are arranged on a circular circumference having its circle center at a central point of the rotor PCB (10) and its radius equal to a second radius, the intersection points are those between the upper portion of the third sine curve and the lower portion of the fourth sine curve; the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve are same in amplitude and cycle, and are different in phase by 180°; andwherein the first radius is larger than the second radius.5.The capacitive encoder according to claim 4, characterized in thatboth amplitudes of the first sine curve and the second sine curve are equal to a first amplitude, both amplitudes of the third sine curve and the fourth sine curve are equal to a second amplitude, and a product of the first radius and the first amplitude is equal to a product of the second radius and the second amplitude.6.The capacitive encoder according to claim 5, characterized in thateach first receiving electrode of the outer-circle receiving electrodes (21) has a length equal to two times of the first amplitude; and each second receiving electrode of the inner-circle receiving electrodes (22) has a length equal to two times of the second amplitude.7.The capacitive encoder according to claim 1, characterized in thatthe rotor PCB (10) further comprises: four first shielding rings (141, 142, 143, 144) concentric with the coupling electrode ring (13) , the four first shielding rings (141, 142, 143, 144) are respectively arranged: outside the outer-circle excitation electrode (11) , between the outer-circle excitation electrode (11) and the inner-circle excitation electrode (12) , between the inner-circle excitation electrode (12) and the coupling electrode ring (13) , and inside the coupling electrode ring (13) ;the stator PCB (20) further comprises: four second shielding rings (241, 242, 243, 244) concentric with the excitation electrode ring (23) , the four second shielding rings (241, 242, 243, 244) are respectively arranged: outside the outer-circle receiving electrode (21) , between the outer-circle receiving electrode (21) and the inner-circle receiving electrode (22) , between the inner-circle receiving electrode (22) and the excitation electrode ring (23) , and inside the excitation electrode ring (23) ; andwherein, the positions of the four first shielding rings (141, 142, 143, 144) on the rotor PCB (10) correspond one-to-one to the positions of the four second shielding rings (241, 242, 243, 244) on the stator PCB (20) , and each first shielding ring in the four first shielding rings (141, 142, 143, 144) and the second shielding ring, in the corresponding position, in the four second shielding rings (241, 242, 243, 244) form a shielding capacitor.8.The capacitive encoder according to claim 1, characterized in that the detection circuit comprises an analog circuit and a digital circuit (P1) ; wherein:the analog circuit is used for converting the changes of the outer-circle overlapping area and the inner-circle overlapping area into two of the orthogonal functions; andthe digital circuit (P1) is used for performing digital operation processing to the two orthogonal functions, to obtain the rotation angle.9.The capacitive encoder according to claim 8, characterized in thatthe analog circuit comprises a first operational amplifier (U1) , a second operational amplifier (U2) , a third operational amplifier (U3) , a fourth operational amplifier (U4) , a fifth operational amplifier (U5) and a sixth operational amplifier (U6) ; wherein:a first positive input end of the first operational amplifier (U1) is connected with the first one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, a first negative input end of the first operational amplifier (U1) is connected with the third one(s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, the first operational amplifier (U1) is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the first positive input end and an input signal of the first negative input end to obtain a first signal;a second positive input end of the second operational amplifier (U2) is connected with the second one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, a second negative input end of the second operational amplifier (U2) is connected with the fourth one (s) of the first receiving electrodes in the first receiving electrode groups, and the second operational amplifier (U2) is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the second positive input end and an input signal of the second negative input end to obtain a second signal;a third positive input end of the third operational amplifier (U3) is connected with the first one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, a third negative input end of the third operational amplifier (U3) is connected with the third one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, and the third operational amplifier (U3) is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the third positive input end and an input signal of the third negative input end to obtain a third signal;a fourth positive input end of the fourth operational amplifier (U4) is connected with the second one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, a fourth negative input end of the fourth operational amplifier (U4) is connected with the fourth one (s) of the second receiving electrodes in the second receiving electrode groups, and the fourth operational amplifier (U4) is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the fourth positive input end and an input signal of the fourth negative input end to obtain a fourth signal;a fifth positive input end of the fifth operational amplifier (U5) is connected with an output end of the first operational amplifier (U1) , a fifth negative input end of the fifth operational amplifier (U5) is connected with an output end of the third operational amplifier (U3) , and the fifth operational amplifier (U5) is used for calculating a difference between an input signal of the fifth positive input end and an input signal of the fifth negative input end to obtain a first orthogonal function; anda sixth positive input end of the sixth operational amplifier (U6) is connected with an output end of the second operational amplifier (U2) , a seventh positive input end of the sixth operational amplifier (U6) is connected with an output end of the fourth operational amplifier (U4) , and the sixth operational amplifier (U6) is used for calculating a sum of an input signal of the sixth positive input end and an input signal of the seventh positive input end to obtain a second orthogonal function.10.The capacitive encoder according to claim 9, characterized in thatthe digital circuit (P1) is used for: dividing the first orthogonal function by the second orthogonal function to obtain a value of a tangent function about the rotation angle, and determining the rotation angle according to the value of the tangent function.
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