DC power generation device using conductive polymer gel and method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a high-output DC electric energy generation device using a conductive polymer gel and, more particularly, to a technology for generating DC electric energy using a charge recombination mechanism through contact-separation and sliding methods, wherein a conductive polymer gel including a mixture of PVC and a plasticizer or a mixture of PVDF and an ionic liquid is disposed between upper and lower metal electrodes made of gold or aluminum. The present invention can provide stable and efficient DC power to various applications such as IoT sensors and small electronic devices by optimizing the thickness of the conductive polymer gel, the concentration of the plasticizer, the metal electrode material, and the like. In particular, the present invention can increase power efficiency through charge generation and accumulation processes performed by vertical and horizontal movements of the electrodes.

Description

Direct current power generation device and method using conductive polymer gel

[0001] The present invention relates to a device and method for generating high-power direct current energy using a conductive polymer gel composed of PVC and a plasticizer, and more particularly, to a technology for providing stable and continuous DC output by utilizing a charge recombination mechanism through contact-separation or sliding action between upper and lower metal electrodes.

[0002] Currently, triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) technology is being developed primarily to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy and power small electronic devices and IoT sensors.

[0003] TENG technology generates electricity by utilizing the principle of charge transfer and accumulation between two different surfaces through mechanical movement, and is attracting attention as an energy source suitable for devices that are difficult to power with conventional power supplies.

[0004] However, most existing TENG systems generate alternating current (AC) power, requiring an additional rectifier to convert this power into direct current (DC). This rectification process reduces system efficiency by requiring additional electronic components and incurring power conversion losses. In particular, the use of rectifiers can significantly reduce final output voltage and current performance as energy losses accumulate within the circuit.

[0005] Furthermore, conventional TENGs require high-speed contact-separation or sliding motions to generate high-output current, which can induce electrostatic breakdown depending on the TENG material. Electrostatic breakdown occurs when the electric field exceeds a certain threshold, degrading the insulating properties of the material and causing physical damage, potentially shortening the device's lifespan. This problem is more frequent during high-speed operation, making it difficult to maintain stable electrical properties.

[0006] Moreover, most TENG systems are significantly affected by the external environment. For example, high humidity significantly reduces output voltage and current, as water molecules affect the charge transfer within the TENG. This causes TENG performance to fluctuate across various climate conditions, and it is difficult to maintain stable electrical output in outdoor environments.

[0007] Furthermore, TENG devices are typically operated in vertical contact-separation mode and sliding mode, which limits their installation in miniaturized structures. In various applications, limitations in the device's installation space and operating method limit its scope of use.

[0008] Due to these limitations, existing TENG technology has limited practicality in applications such as small electronic devices and IoT devices due to difficulties in direct current conversion, risks of high-speed operation, environmental constraints, and structural limitations.

[0009] The purpose of the present invention is to generate high-power direct current electric energy by utilizing mechanical energy.

[0010] The purpose of the present invention is to reduce energy loss occurring in existing TENGs and to secure stable DC power output.

[0011] The present invention aims to increase energy efficiency by providing direct current power without a rectifier.

[0012] The purpose of the present invention is to develop a DC generator capable of providing consistent output regardless of the surrounding environment.

[0013] The present invention aims to efficiently generate direct current electric energy using a conductive polymer gel and to function as an energy source that can be directly applied to various electrical and electronic devices.

[0014] A DC power generation device according to one embodiment comprises an upper metal electrode, a conductive polymer gel composed of a mixture having dielectric properties and ionic conductivity, and a lower metal electrode in contact with the conductive polymer gel, wherein the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode interact with the conductive polymer gel in a vertical contact-separation or sliding manner to generate direct current electrical energy based on a charge recombination mechanism.

[0015] The DC power generation device according to one embodiment is characterized in that the conductive polymer gel is composed of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and an ionic liquid.

[0016] The DC power generation device according to one embodiment is characterized in that the conductive polymer gel includes PVC and a plasticizer, and the concentration of the plasticizer is mixed with PVC in a ratio of 1:5 (PVC:plasticizer).

[0017] The DC power generation device according to one embodiment is characterized in that it includes Bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate) as a plasticizer.

[0018] The DC power generation device according to one embodiment is characterized in that the conductive polymer gel generates maximum output at a thickness of 900 μm.

[0019] The DC power generation device according to one embodiment is characterized in that at least one of the upper metal electrode or the lower metal electrode comprises gold or aluminum.

[0020] The DC power generation device according to one embodiment is characterized in that the conductive polymer gel includes a plasticizer (DDA, DOA, DBA), and the magnitude of the output voltage, current, and charge is controlled according to the concentration of the plasticizer.

[0021] A method for generating high-power direct current electric energy according to one embodiment is characterized by comprising the steps of: placing a conductive polymer gel composed of a mixture of PVC and a plasticizer between an upper metal electrode and a lower metal electrode; bringing the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode into contact with the conductive polymer gel in a vertical contact-separation or sliding manner to generate electric charges by a charge recombination mechanism; and generating high-power direct current electric energy by the charge recombination.

[0022] The method for generating high-power direct current electric energy according to one embodiment is characterized in that the composition of the conductive polymer gel includes PVC and bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate), and the concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate) is mixed with PVC in a 1:5 ratio (PVC:bis).

[0023] The method for generating high-power direct current electric energy according to one embodiment is characterized in that the conductive polymer gel is composed of a mixture of PVDF and an ionic liquid, and the mixture generates a DC output through a stable charge recombination mechanism when in contact with an upper metal electrode and a lower metal electrode.

[0024] The method for generating high-power direct current electric energy according to one embodiment is characterized in that the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode are made of gold or aluminum, and configured to maximize electrical contact efficiency when in contact with a conductive polymer gel.

[0025] According to one embodiment, the present invention can provide a stable direct current output without a rectifier through a charge recombination mechanism.

[0026] According to one embodiment, the present invention can reduce energy loss and increase efficiency compared to a conventional friction electric generator (TENG).

[0027] According to one embodiment, the present invention can maintain a stable output voltage in various environments by using a sliding or contact-separation method.

[0028] According to one embodiment, the present invention can generate high power density direct current energy through a combination of a highly conductive metal electrode and a conductive polymer gel.

[0029] According to one embodiment, the present invention can generate direct current power through various mechanical movements and can be directly applied to small electronic devices such as IoT sensors.

[0030] Figure 1 is a drawing showing the basic structure of a direct current electric energy generation device, showing a configuration in which a conductive polymer gel is placed between an upper metal electrode and a lower metal electrode.

[0031] Figures 2a to 2d are drawings showing a charge generation mechanism by a vertical contact-separation and sliding method of a direct current electric energy generation device.

[0032] Figures 3a to 3i are diagrams showing the electrical output characteristics of a conductive polymer gel according to the mixing ratio of PVC and plasticizer.

[0033] Figures 4a to 4e are diagrams showing the conductive and dielectric properties of conductive polymer gels according to various types and concentrations of plasticizers.

[0034] Figure 5 is a drawing showing a flow chart explaining the manufacturing process and operating principle of a direct current electric energy generation device.

[0035] Specific structural or functional descriptions of embodiments according to the concept of the present invention disclosed in this specification are merely illustrative for the purpose of explaining embodiments according to the concept of the present invention, and embodiments according to the concept of the present invention may be implemented in various forms and are not limited to the embodiments described in this specification.

[0036] Embodiments according to the concept of the present invention may have various modifications and take various forms, and thus, embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail in this specification. However, this is not intended to limit embodiments according to the concept of the present invention to specific disclosed forms, but rather includes modifications, equivalents, or alternatives that fall within the spirit and technical scope of the present invention.

[0037] While terms such as "first" or "second" may be used to describe various components, these components should not be limited by these terms. These terms are intended solely to distinguish one component from another. For example, a first component may be referred to as a "second component," and similarly, a second component may also be referred to as a "first component," without departing from the scope of the invention.

[0038] When a component is referred to as being "connected" or "connected" to another component, it should be understood that it may be directly connected or connected to that other component, but that there may be other components in between. Conversely, when a component is referred to as being "directly connected" or "directly connected" to another component, it should be understood that there are no other components in between. Expressions that describe relationships between components, such as "between," "immediately between," or "directly adjacent to," should be interpreted similarly.

[0039] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only and is not intended to limit the present invention. The singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. In this specification, it should be understood that the terms "comprises" or "has" are intended to specify the presence of a described feature, number, step, operation, component, part, or combination thereof, but do not preclude the possibility of the presence or addition of one or more other features, numbers, steps, operations, components, parts, or combinations thereof.

[0040] Unless otherwise defined, all terms used herein, including technical or scientific terms, have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains. Terms defined in commonly used dictionaries should be interpreted as having a meaning consistent with their meaning in the context of the relevant technology, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless explicitly defined herein.

[0041]

[0042] Hereinafter, embodiments will be described in detail with reference to the attached drawings. However, the scope of the patent application is not limited or restricted by these embodiments. The same reference numerals in each drawing represent the same components.

[0043]

[0044] FIG. 1 is a drawing showing the basic structure of a direct current electric energy generation device (110) according to one embodiment, showing a configuration in which a conductive polymer gel is placed between an upper metal electrode and a lower metal electrode.

[0045] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating the structure and operating principle of a direct current (DC) power generation device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy. This DC electrical energy generation device operates around a conductive polymer gel (120) positioned between an upper metal electrode (111, 122) and a lower metal electrode (130), and is designed to generate DC electrical energy through a charge recombination mechanism using the conductive polymer gel (120).

[0046] The upper metal electrodes (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130) move in a vertical contact-separation manner or a sliding manner and interact with the conductive polymer gel (120). Through this, charges are recombined, and it has the characteristic of being able to directly output direct current electric energy without a separate rectifier.

[0047] The conductive polymer gel (120) can be composed of a mixture having dielectric properties and ionic conductivity.

[0048] As a specific example, the conductive polymer gel (120) is composed of a mixture of PVC (polyvinyl chloride) and a plasticizer, and an example of the plasticizer is bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate). This mixture has both dielectric properties and ionic conductivity, enabling direct current output instead of the alternating current provided by a conventional triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG).

[0049] When PVC and plasticizer are mixed in a ratio of 1:5, the conductive polymer gel (120) exhibits particularly high conductivity and dielectric properties, which contribute to the generation of high DC output through a charge recombination mechanism via the conductive polymer gel (120).

[0050] The thickness of the conductive polymer gel (120) affects the power output efficiency, and for example, maximum output can be generated when the thickness is about 900 μm.

[0051] The flexibility of the conductive polymer gel (120) allows it to easily adapt to repeated contact-separation operations with the upper metal electrode (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130), thereby increasing the durability of the device.

[0052] In addition, the conductive polymer gel (120) can control the magnitude of output voltage, current, and charge according to various plasticizer concentrations. The plasticizer used in the conductive polymer gel (120) can be applied in various ways, such as DDA, DOA, and DBA, and the conductivity and dielectric constant of the conductive polymer gel (120) can be finely controlled according to the concentration, thereby providing output suitable for various application environments.

[0053] The upper metal electrodes (111, 112) are mainly composed of gold or gold-plated metal and have high electrical conductivity, and the lower metal electrode (130) is composed of a metal with high electrical conductivity, such as aluminum. The upper metal electrodes (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130) induce charges through contact with the conductive polymer gel (120), thereby enabling the formation of an electric field.

[0054] The upper metal electrode (111, 112) can be brought into contact with or separated from the lower metal electrode (130) by a vertical mechanical force applied from the outside, thereby causing a redistribution of charges within the conductive polymer gel (120) and forming an electric field.

[0055] This structure can operate in a sliding manner in addition to the vertical contact-separation manner, and can operate stably under various conditions.

[0056] The inclusion of gold and aluminum in the upper metal electrode (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130) is intended to increase contact efficiency between the electrodes and minimize electrical contact loss.

[0057] The core operating principle of a direct current electric energy generation device (100) according to one embodiment lies in the charge recombination mechanism. When the upper metal electrodes (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130) come into contact with the conductive polymer gel (120), charges within the conductive polymer gel (120) are redistributed, and an electric field is formed on the surfaces of the two electrodes. Then, when the upper metal electrodes (111, 112) are separated from the lower metal electrode (130), charges within the conductive polymer gel (120) move in a specific direction, generating a unidirectional current. The current generated at this time is maintained as a direct current even without a rectifier, and can stably provide a DC output during repeated contact-separation cycles.

[0058] A DC electric energy generation device (100) according to an embodiment has high resistance to ambient environmental conditions (temperature, humidity, etc.) and can operate stably in various indoor and outdoor environments. Due to the material properties of the conductive polymer gel (120), it is less susceptible to deterioration due to moisture absorption in the air, has excellent resistance to mechanical deformation, and can stably generate high-power DC current for a long period of time. In addition, the DC electric energy generation device (100) according to an embodiment can operate not only in a vertical contact-separation manner but also in a sliding manner, making it suitable for various applications.

[0059] In addition, the direct current electric energy generation device (100) is made of a metal material and includes an upper metal electrode (111, 112) that is movable in response to an external mechanical stimulus. The upper metal electrode (111, 112) has one surface formed to be flat and is positioned so as to be vertically opposed to the lower metal electrode (130).

[0060] A direct current electric energy generation device (100) includes a conductive polymer gel (120) having both dielectric properties and ionic conductivity and configured to form an internal electric field through induction of electrode polarization (EP).

[0061] The above conductive polymer gel (120) is positioned so as to be interposed between the upper metal electrode (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130), and is a key medium that enables electrical connection and charge transfer between the two electrodes.

[0062] The above conductive polymer gel (120) may be composed of a mixture containing polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate), and preferably, the mixing ratio of PVC and bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate) is set to 1:5.

[0063] Additionally, the conductive polymer gel (120) can be manufactured to have a thickness of about 900 μm, and such a thickness optimizes the dielectric constant and conductivity of the conductive polymer gel to efficiently generate high-power direct current electrical energy.

[0064] A direct current electric energy generation device (100) includes a lower metal electrode (130) that is in contact with the conductive polymer gel (120) and is arranged to correspond to the upper metal electrode (111, 112). The lower metal electrode (130) may be formed of, for example, aluminum or a metal aluminum alloy material, and is configured to be attached and fixed to a substrate (140).

[0065] When the upper metal electrode (111, 112) moves toward the lower metal electrode (130) due to a mechanical stimulus applied from the outside, such as vertical pressure or vibration, it comes into contact with the conductive polymer gel (120). At this point of contact, the conductive polymer gel (120) suppresses the flow of current to the external circuit according to the mobility of ions within it, and at the same time, an electrode polarization phenomenon (EP) occurs between the upper metal electrode (111, 112) and the lower metal electrode (130).

[0066] The above electrode polarization phenomenon (EP) occurs within the conductive polymer gel interposed between the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode, and induces an imbalance in the charge distribution within the gel based on the ion mobility of the conductive polymer gel. The imbalanced charge distribution forms an internal electric field within the conductive polymer gel, and the internal electric field forms an electric barrier in the charge flow path through the external circuit between the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode.

[0067] The electrical barrier prevents the charge from moving in both directions and forces the charge to move in only a specific direction, thereby providing the basis for the generator to output direct current (DC) current without a rectifier.

[0068] At the moment when the upper metal electrode is separated from the lower metal electrode by an external mechanical stimulus, the internal electric field moves charges in only one direction along the external circuit, and accordingly, the current output to the external circuit exhibits a direct current characteristic.

[0069] The DC electric energy generation device (100) has an asymmetric output structure in which no output is generated upon contact due to the aforementioned unidirectional current generation mechanism, and current is output only upon separation. This structure is fundamentally different from the bidirectional charge transfer-based alternating current (AC) output structure of the general TENG series, and has a technological differentiation in that charge transfer to an external circuit upon contact is suppressed due to the characteristics of the ionic polymer gel and the EP phenomenon.

[0070] In addition, the direct current electric energy generation device (100) is configured so that the electrode polarization phenomenon and the formation of an internal electric field are periodically repeated through repeated contact and separation operations of the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode.

[0071] This periodic motion induces a cyclic process of charge accumulation and transfer within the conductive polymer gel, which results in a continuous DC output delivered to an external circuit.

[0072] A direct current electric energy generation device (100) can be designed to respond to various types of mechanical stimuli applied from the outside, such as vibration, pressure, and impact, and the upper structure is formed flexibly so as to easily perform repetitive vertical contact-separation movements or sliding movements according to the stimuli. The flexible upper structure and the charge recombination mechanism based on a conductive polymer gel serve as key components for enhancing the structural stability and output reliability of the generation device.

[0073] Therefore, the DC electric energy generation device (100) can generate stable DC current without a separate rectifier circuit, and can be directly applied to various small electronic device application environments such as self-powered IoT sensors, wearable devices, biosensors, and micro energy harvesters.

[0074] In particular, it is not sensitive to humidity, temperature, or external force conditions, and can provide durability and reliability that can maintain electrical characteristics even in environments where it is repeatedly operated over a long period of time.

[0075] A DC electric energy generation device (100) according to one embodiment can directly generate DC current without a separate rectifier, making it suitable for use in a variety of applications. For example, this device can be applied to various application environments, such as self-charging electronic devices, energy harvesters for battery replacement, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, and medical devices.

[0076] A DC electric energy generation device (100) according to one embodiment has a simple structure and can be miniaturized, making it easy to integrate into various energy harvesting application solutions. Furthermore, it provides high stability and efficiency, particularly in situations requiring long-term energy supply. Due to these features, the DC electric energy generation device (100) according to one embodiment has the potential to be a sustainable energy solution and can be evaluated as an innovative technology differentiated from existing energy harvesting technologies.

[0077] Figures 2a to 2d are drawings showing a charge generation mechanism by a vertical contact-separation and sliding method of a direct current electric energy generation device.

[0078] Figures 2a to 2d are drawings specifically illustrating the mechanism of a direct current (DC) electrical energy generator, in which charges are generated through mechanical contact-separation and sliding, thereby generating direct current (DC) electrical energy. These drawings visually illustrate, step by step, the process by which each component of the DC electrical energy generator generates charges and generates electrical output.

[0079] Referring to the reference numeral 210 of FIG. 2A, part (i) shows a side view of a direct current electric energy generation device moving in a vertical direction, which device includes an upper metal electrode (111, 112), a conductive polymer gel (120), and a lower metal electrode (130). The upper metal electrode (111, 112) is designed to be structured so as to be brought into contact with or separated from the lower metal electrode (130) by an externally applied mechanical force. When the upper metal electrode comes into contact with the lower metal electrode, charges are redistributed within the conductive polymer gel (120), thereby forming an electric field. This process has a significant effect on the electrical output between the electrodes. In addition, the direct current electric energy generation device includes a vertical pusher and a force sensor, which can precisely measure the magnitude of the force generated when the upper metal electrode comes into contact with and is separated from the lower metal electrode, and the movement distance. This measurement function allows for a detailed analysis of the effect of the contact and separation between the electrodes on the electrical output, and is useful for optimizing material properties and contact conditions during experiments.

[0080] Part (ii) of Fig. 2a schematically illustrates how these components actually operate. As the vertical pusher repeatedly presses the upper metal electrode (111, 112) downward to bring it into contact with the lower metal electrode (130), and then lifts the upper metal electrode upward to separate it, charge movement and redistribution occur within the conductive polymer gel (120). Through this repeated contact-separation action, charge gradually accumulates within the conductive polymer gel, thereby generating DC electrical energy. For example, when the vertical pusher was set to press the upper metal electrode into contact with the lower metal electrode at 0.5 second intervals and separate it at the same interval, it was confirmed that a voltage of approximately 40 V and a current of 5 μA were generated per cycle. These results demonstrate that the charge accumulated during the repeated contact-separation cycles continuously provides a DC output.

[0081] Graph (220) of Fig. 2b compares the effects of the mixing ratio of PVC and plasticizer (DOA) within a conductive polymer gel on the magnitude and duration of the current. This graph (220) visually illustrates the effects of various ratios of PVC and plasticizer on the electrical properties of the conductive polymer gel. It can be seen that the magnitude and duration of the current differ for different mixing ratios, and in particular, the highest current is generated when PVC and plasticizer are mixed at a ratio of 1:5.

[0082] However, the 1:5 ratio of PVC to plasticizer is an example, based on experimental data. Therefore, the PVC to plasticizer ratio is not fixed and can be designed to vary to improve output.

[0083] This suggests that the ratio of PVC to plasticizer has a significant effect on the conductivity and dielectric properties of the conductive polymer gel, which can control the output characteristics of the power generation device.

[0084] For example, in an experiment where the PVC to DOA ratio was adjusted to 1:5, a maximum current of 0.8 μA was generated. However, when the ratio was adjusted to 1:0.4, the current was reduced by more than half. These results demonstrate that setting an optimal mixing ratio is crucial for output efficiency.

[0085] The graph (230) of Fig. 2c visually shows the changes in voltage, current, and charge that occur during the contact-separation process over time.

[0086] The first curve shows the voltage change during a contact-separation cycle. It shows a repetitive, cyclical pattern: a momentary surge in voltage when the upper metal electrode makes contact with the lower metal electrode, followed by a decrease upon separation.

[0087] The second curve represents the current change, forming a periodic pattern in which the current is generated momentarily upon contact and returns to zero upon separation.

[0088] The third curve shows the gradual accumulation of charge over time, highlighted by the graph's "Unidirectional Increase" trend line. This trend line illustrates the principle of continuous charge accumulation, generating DC electrical energy. For example, after 10 repeated contact-disconnection cycles, a total charge of 1.2 μC was accumulated. This is an important result for continuous output generation in DC electrical energy generation devices, suggesting the possibility of efficient energy accumulation in practical applications.

[0089] Figure 2d visually illustrates the step-by-step process of charge generation by the contact-separation mechanism (240).

[0090] The first stage is the initial state, where the upper and lower metal electrodes are not in contact with each other, and the charges within the conductive polymer gel are balanced. In the second stage, the upper metal electrode comes into contact with the lower metal electrode, causing charges to redistribute within the conductive polymer gel and accumulate between the electrodes. In the third stage, the electrodes are in complete contact, charges accumulate between the upper and lower metal electrodes, and a strong electric field is formed. In the final stage, the upper metal electrode separates from the lower metal electrode again, and charges within the conductive polymer gel move in a specific direction, generating a direct current. For example, when the upper metal electrode was repeatedly brought into and out of contact at 5-second intervals, approximately 0.5 μC of charge was generated for each cycle, confirming that stable generation of DC output was possible.

[0091] Figures 2a to 2d illustrate in detail the process by which a DC electric power generation device generates charges through vertical contact-separation and sliding, thereby providing DC output. This charge recombination mechanism continuously moves charges in one direction through repeated contact-separation movements between the conductive polymer gel and the upper and lower metal electrodes, providing stable DC output without a separate rectifier. The magnitude and characteristics of the current can be controlled by varying the PVC and plasticizer ratios, demonstrating that the output efficiency and characteristics of the power generation device can be tailored to the application environment. For example, by optimizing the plasticizer ratio, a stable DC power supply required for IoT sensors or small electronic devices can be achieved.

[0092] Figures 3a to 3i are diagrams showing the electrical output characteristics of a conductive polymer gel according to the mixing ratio of PVC and plasticizer.

[0093] Figures 3a through 3i are detailed drawings illustrating the electrical output characteristics of conductive polymer gels according to the mixing ratio of PVC and various plasticizers (DOA and DBA). The effects of different mixing ratios on electrical output are visualized through various graphs and charts. This provides a detailed analysis of the electrical properties of PVC-plasticizer mixtures and provides important experimental results for optimizing the efficiency and output characteristics of DC power generation devices.

[0094] Graph (310) of Fig. 3a shows the change in output voltage over time according to various mixing ratios of DOA and DBA. As the concentrations of DOA and DBA increase, a gradual increase in the output voltage is observed. In a comparison of the conditions of DOA1, DOA3, DOA5, DBA1, DBA3, and DBA5, the highest voltage was generated under the DOA5 and DBA5 conditions. This suggests that the concentrations of DOA and DBA directly affect the electrical properties of the conductive polymer gel, and that optimizing the concentration of the plasticizer can maximize the output voltage of the power generation device. For example, under the DOA5 condition, an output voltage of approximately 90 V was recorded, indicating that a specific concentration setting is required to generate high voltage. These results suggest the possibility of effectively controlling the electrical output depending on the composition ratio of the conductive polymer gel.

[0095] Graph (320) of Figure 3b shows the change in output current according to the mixing ratio of DOA and DBA along the time axis, and the magnitude of the current varies depending on the concentration of DOA and DBA. It is confirmed that the higher the concentration of DOA, the larger the current tends to be generated. The largest current is generated in DOA5, which shows that DOA is effective in increasing the ionic conductivity of the conductive polymer gel. For example, an output current of about 10 μA or more is generated under the DOA5 condition, suggesting that the electrical output can be maximized when DOA is present in a high concentration. These current characteristics serve as an important factor in increasing the power efficiency of a power generation device.

[0096] Chart (330) in Fig. 3c represents the charge transfer amount according to the concentration of DOA and DBA as a bar graph, and shows that the greatest charge transfer occurs under DOA3 and DOA5. Charges greater than approximately 40 nC are transferred under the DOA3 and DOA5 conditions, respectively, indicating that the charge transfer efficiency of the conductive polymer gel is maximized at a specific concentration. This result suggests that determining the optimal concentration of the PVC-plasticizer mixture is important for maximizing the charge transfer amount of the power generation device. For example, approximately 45 nC of charge is transferred under the DOA3 condition, which is useful for identifying conditions that enable optimal charge transfer.

[0097] Graph (340) in Fig. 3d shows, on each axis, the changes in conductivity and dielectric constant according to various concentrations of DOA and DBA. The conductivity and dielectric constant tend to increase as the plasticizer concentration increases. In particular, the conductivity and dielectric constant reach their maximum values ​​under conditions of DOA5 and DBA5, highlighting their crucial role in providing stable electrical output.

[0098] For example, under DOA5 conditions, the conductivity reached approximately 2200 μS, and the dielectric constant also recorded high values, significantly contributing to electrical output stability. These results serve as the basis for establishing optimal conditions for conductivity and dielectric constant to ensure stable output from power generation devices.

[0099] Graph (350) of Figure 3e shows the leakage voltage and leakage current according to the concentration of DOA and DBA, and shows that the leakage voltage and current tend to increase as the plasticizer concentration increases. This suggests that if the plasticizer concentration is too high, the possibility of electrical leakage increases. For example, the leakage voltage and current show the highest values ​​under the DBA5 condition, indicating that it is necessary to minimize electrical leakage while maximizing the output efficiency by adjusting the plasticizer concentration. Conversely, the DOA3 condition recorded low values ​​for the leakage voltage and current, confirming that it is the optimal condition for maintaining a balance between stable output and minimizing leakage.

[0100] The graph (360) of Fig. 3f shows the loss coefficients of DOA and DBA divided into three graphs according to logarithmic frequency. As a result of analyzing the frequency-dependent loss coefficient changes of DOA1, DOA3, DOA5 and DBA1, DBA3, and DBA5, it is possible to identify the point at which the loss coefficient is minimum at a specific frequency.

[0101] For example, under DOA3 conditions, the loss factor records the lowest value at a specific frequency, suggesting the need for frequency optimization to reduce power loss. This allows for frequency conditions to be set to minimize energy loss and maximize the performance of the power generation device.

[0102] The graph (370) of Figure 3g shows the magnitude of the mechanical force applied and the resulting change in output voltage for direct current electrical energy generation. In the experiment, a linear increase in the output voltage was observed when forces of 5 N, 10 N, 20 N, 40 N, and 60 N were applied, indicating that the output characteristics of the power generation device can be controlled by adjusting the magnitude of the mechanical force.

[0103] For example, an output voltage of approximately 100 V is generated when a force of 60 N is applied, suggesting that the power generation device can control output characteristics based on mechanical force. This result provides important design information for establishing optimal mechanical force conditions to maximize output efficiency.

[0104] Graph (380) of Figure 3h shows the change in output voltage and current according to the thickness of the PVC-plasticizer mixture. Experimental results confirmed that the highest voltage and current were generated when the thickness was approximately 900 μm.

[0105] For example, at a thickness of 900 μm, an output voltage of approximately 80 V or greater and an output current of 8 μA or greater are generated, suggesting that the thickness of the power generation device can be a critical factor in maximizing output efficiency. This suggests that optimizing the thickness of the power generation device can maximize electrical output.

[0106] Graph (390) of Fig. 3i demonstrates that the output voltage remains stable over 20,000 cycles of repeated contact-disconnection operations, demonstrating the high durability of the DC electric power generation device. The output voltage remained stable over 20,000 contact-disconnection cycles, indicating that the device can provide stable output even under long-term use.

[0107] For example, stable output was achieved even after 20,000 cycles in a long-term usage environment, demonstrating the power generation device's ability to operate reliably over a long lifespan. This can be utilized in applications requiring continuous power supply, such as IoT sensors and small electronic devices.

[0108] In conclusion, Figure 3 precisely analyzes the effects of various PVC-plasticizer mixing ratios and conditions on the electrical output characteristics of conductive polymer gels, providing crucial data for deriving optimal conditions for DC power generation devices. These experimental results suggest the possibility of tailoring the electrical properties of the power generation device according to its application, and provide useful information for establishing conditions that can stably supply DC power optimized for IoT sensors or small electronic devices, for example. This can be used to maximize the electrical efficiency of the power generation device by optimizing various conditions, such as the ratio of PVC and plasticizer, thickness, and force.

[0109] Figures 4a to 4e are diagrams showing the conductive and dielectric properties of conductive polymer gels according to various types and concentrations of plasticizers.

[0110] Figures 4a to 4e are detailed diagrams illustrating the electrical output characteristics of conductive polymer gels according to the type and concentration of various plasticizers (DOA and DBA), and explain the composition of the conductive polymer gel and the resulting electrical output stepwise for each condition. These diagrams visually illustrate how the electrical properties of the conductive polymer gel change under various conditions, and based on this, provide important experimental results for optimizing the efficiency and output characteristics of a direct current electric energy generation device.

[0111] Figure 4a shows an overview of the configuration of a direct current electric energy generation device (410) using a conductive polymer gel. This direct current electric energy generation device is composed of a conductive polymer gel layer positioned between an upper metal electrode and a lower metal electrode, and shows a state in which plasticized PVC with a concentration of DOA1 is used. This configuration is designed to generate energy through contact-separation and sliding, and an externally applied mechanical force causes the upper metal electrode to interact with the lower metal electrode to generate an electrical output. The configuration of this direct current electric energy generation device allows for the evaluation of the structure of the conductive polymer gel and the influence of external forces on the output voltage and current.

[0112] Figure 4a includes a photograph of the physical properties of a conductive polymer gel, demonstrating its surface structure and homogeneity. This is a critical factor in ensuring consistent electrical performance of the conductive polymer gel, and the uniform quality of the material enhances the reliability of electrical properties. A uniform surface condition increases the electrical contact area, improving charge transfer efficiency and ultimately contributing to increased output voltage and current. Furthermore, a more uniform surface condition enhances the contact efficiency between electrodes, thereby maintaining stable electrical output.

[0113] Figure 4a also illustrates the driving mechanisms of contact-separation mode and sliding mode. In contact-separation mode, the upper and lower metal electrodes repeatedly contact and separate each other to generate electrical output. When the upper metal electrode contacts the lower metal electrode, charges are redistributed within the conductive polymer gel, and upon separation, the accumulated charges move in a specific direction, generating current. In sliding mode, the electrodes continuously slide in one direction, causing charge movement, thereby maintaining a constant electrical output. These differences in driving methods significantly affect the output voltage and output current characteristics of the power generation device, and by setting the optimal conditions for each driving method, output efficiency can be maximized.

[0114] The graph (420) of Fig. 4b shows the output voltage and output current generated in the contact-separation mode over time. According to the graph, the output voltage shows a periodic pattern in which it decreases when the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode are in contact and increases when they are separated, and the output current also changes in a similar pattern. In particular, the output current graph is divided into 'Backward' and 'Forward' sections, which visually shows how the output characteristics change depending on the driving direction. These results clearly show that the electrical output characteristics change depending on the driving direction, and thereby contribute to setting the optimal driving direction and conditions for increasing electrical efficiency. For example, the output current tends to increase rapidly in the Forward section, which suggests that the contact between the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode is an important factor that can maximize the electrical output.

[0115] Graph (430) in Fig. 4c illustrates changes in charge accumulation over time. It can be seen that charge is gradually accumulated each time the upper and lower metal electrodes contact and separate, and that charge continues to accumulate through these repeated contact-separation actions. The graph shows a gradual increase in charge, which explains the mechanism by which charge recombination between the upper and lower metal electrodes occurs, allowing the accumulated charge to provide stable direct current output. This charge accumulation characteristic provides the foundation necessary for the power generation device to maintain stable output over a long period of time, and serves as an important factor in enhancing output reliability in long-term applications. For example, the accumulated charge reaches approximately 1.34 μC over time, which serves as an essential factor in providing stable output current.

[0116] The graph (440) in Fig. 4d shows the change in output voltage over time according to the sliding speed. By comparing the voltage changes under various speed conditions (20 mm / s, 50 mm / s, 100 mm / s, 150 mm / s, 250 mm / s, 350 mm / s), it is confirmed that the output voltage tends to increase as the sliding speed increases. This clearly shows the correlation between the sliding speed and the output voltage, and suggests that the electrical output of the power generation device can be optimized by adjusting the driving speed. For example, the highest output voltage was recorded under the speed condition of 350 mm / s, which emphasizes that optimizing the speed plays an important role in improving the performance of the power generation device. These results show that the speed should be adjusted to achieve the desired voltage output in a specific application environment.

[0117] The graph (450) of Fig. 4e shows the change in output current according to the sliding speed, and the output current size also shows a tendency to increase according to the sliding speed. As a result of comparing the output current under various speed conditions (20 mm / s, 50 mm / s, 100 mm / s, 150 mm / s, 250 mm / s, 350 mm / s), it can be confirmed that the output current also gradually increases as the sliding speed increases. This shows that the output current of the power generation device is greatly affected by the driving speed, and suggests that it is important to set the optimal speed to secure the desired output current. For example, the highest output current was recorded under the speed condition of 350 mm / s, and this allows the speed to be adjusted to suit various application environments to maximize electrical efficiency. Such speed adjustment is essential for improving output performance by increasing the output current.

[0118] As an example, a DC electric energy generation device including a conductive polymer gel according to the present invention can be applied to IoT sensors, for example, to continuously supply power to sensors performing microenvironmental monitoring in agricultural fields. In this case, the advantages of a contact-separation drive method can be utilized to stably supply the necessary power when the sensor is periodically activated according to environmental changes. Furthermore, the device can be applied to streetlight control systems in smart cities. In response to vehicle movement, the generator operates in a sliding manner to generate power, thereby controlling whether streetlights are turned on or off, thereby improving energy efficiency.

[0119] In conclusion, Figure 4 presents the results of a detailed analysis of the effects of various plasticizer (DOA and DBA) mixing ratios and contact-separation and sliding actuation modes on the electrical output characteristics of a conductive polymer gel. This provides crucial data for deriving optimal conditions for DC power generation devices and explains the mechanisms that ensure stable output voltage and current in contact-separation and sliding actuation modes.

[0120] Furthermore, it was confirmed that the output characteristics changed depending on the sliding speed and driving direction, suggesting the possibility of adjusting the electrical characteristics according to the application of the power generation device. These experimental results provide useful information for setting optimized conditions for various application environments that require stable DC power, such as IoT sensors and small electronic devices. Through the analysis, specific methods for maximizing the electrical efficiency of the power generation device are presented by optimizing various conditions such as the ratio of PVC and plasticizer, thickness, force magnitude, and speed. This can be used to derive optimal electrical output conditions for various applications.

[0121] Figure 5 is a drawing showing a flow chart explaining a method for generating high-power direct current electric energy based on the manufacturing process and operating principle of a direct current electric energy generation device.

[0122] Figure 5 is a flowchart illustrating, step by step, the manufacturing process and operating principle of a DC electric energy generation device that generates high-power DC energy using a conductive polymer gel composed of PVC and a plasticizer. Figure 5 specifically presents the process of generating high-power DC energy through the interaction between the components of the conductive polymer gel and the upper and lower metal electrodes at each step.

[0123] For a method of generating high-power direct current electric energy, a lower metal electrode can be formed on a substrate (501). The lower metal electrode forms the basic structure of a direct current electric energy generation device and serves as the basis for generating electric energy by providing stable and effective electrical contact with the conductive polymer gel.

[0124] In the present invention, in the case of a charge diffusion-based direct current electric energy generation device, the output can be improved as the work function of the upper electrode (E1) is greater than the work function of the lower electrode (E2) and the difference in work functions between the two increases. Accordingly, Au (5.5 eV), which has a large work function, can be used as the upper electrode, and Al (4.0 eV), which has a small work function, can be used as the lower electrode. However, the upper and lower electrodes are not limited thereto.

[0125] Specifically, the lower metal electrode can be composed of a highly conductive metal material, such as aluminum. Aluminum is a highly suitable material for maximizing contact efficiency with the conductive polymer gel and enhancing output voltage and current performance. The location and material selection of the lower metal electrode play a crucial role in ensuring effective contact with the conductive polymer gel and maximizing the generated electrical output.

[0126] Next, a conductive polymer gel composed of a mixture of PVC and a plasticizer can be formed on the metal electrode (502). The conductive polymer gel is composed of a mixture of PVC and a plasticizer such as bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate), and can exhibit optimal electrical properties when the ratio of PVC to the plasticizer is mixed at 1:5. PVC is a material that provides high durability and flexibility, and bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate) improves the plasticity of PVC, thereby increasing electrical conductivity. This mixture facilitates charge transfer within the conductive polymer gel, which serves as a key element in increasing the electrical efficiency of the power generation device. In addition, a conductive polymer gel can also be formed by mixing PVDF and an ionic liquid.

[0127] PVDF offers high durability and flexibility, and when mixed with ionic liquids, its electrical properties are enhanced, resulting in more stable output. The thickness and concentration of the conductive polymer gel directly impact the electrical output of the power generation device, and optimizing the gel thickness can maximize electrical efficiency.

[0128] Next, an upper metal electrode can be formed on the conductive polymer gel (503). The upper metal electrode is composed of a highly conductive metal material, such as gold, and can further enhance the contact efficiency with the conductive polymer gel. The upper metal electrode interacts with the lower metal electrode through the conductive polymer gel, and acts as an essential component for generating high-power DC energy through charge recombination that occurs during this process. The upper metal electrode provides a structure for stable operation of the power generation device by ensuring stable contact with the conductive polymer gel. The material and size of the upper metal electrode play a critical role in maximizing the contact area with the conductive polymer gel and thus optimizing electrical output.

[0129] A method for generating high-power direct current (DC) electrical energy can generate electric charges through a charge recombination mechanism by contacting a metal electrode and a lower metal electrode with a conductive polymer gel in a vertical contact-separation or sliding manner (504). In this process, the contact-separation method can use a method in which the upper and lower metal electrodes move vertically and repeatedly contact and separate from the conductive polymer gel, thereby recombinating charges. In this case, when the upper metal electrode contacts the lower metal electrode, charges are redistributed within the conductive polymer gel, and when the electrodes separate, the accumulated charges move, generating current.

[0130] The sliding method allows the electrodes to move horizontally, allowing a continuous flow of charge through the conductive polymer gel, thereby maintaining a constant electrical output.

[0131] The sliding mode enables continuous charge transfer, generating continuous electrical output, while the contact-separation mode maximizes current output through repeated charging and discharging. These driving modes directly impact the electrical output of the power generation device, and by establishing optimal conditions for each mode, electrical efficiency can be optimized. Based on the described charge recombination mechanism, the contact-separation and sliding motions between the conductive polymer gel and the electrodes are repeated, and the charges generated during this process accumulate to generate high-power DC energy.

[0132]

[0133] A method for generating high-power DC electrical energy can generate high-power DC electrical energy through charge recombination (505). In this step, a charge recombination mechanism via a conductive polymer gel between the upper and lower metal electrodes generates stable DC electrical energy. This allows the power generation device to be repeatedly driven by an external force to provide continuous DC output, enabling it to provide stable and efficient DC power in application environments such as IoT sensors and small electronic devices. The electrical energy generated through the charge recombination mechanism stably generates high-power DC electrical energy, serving as a power source for various applications. This is a critical factor in enabling the power generation device to maintain stable output over an extended period of time, and it can provide continuous DC output through charge accumulation and recombination.

[0134] The flowchart in Fig. 5 visually details the manufacturing process and operating principles that enable a DC power generation device to stably generate high-power DC energy through a series of processes. It effectively illustrates the components and operating methods mentioned in each claim, facilitating a clear understanding of the energy generation mechanism through the composition of the conductive polymer gel and the interaction between the electrodes. This provides specific methods for maximizing the electrical efficiency of the power generation device by optimizing the ratio of PVC and plasticizer, the thickness of the conductive polymer gel, and the materials and arrangement conditions of the upper and lower metal electrodes, thereby establishing a technological foundation for stably providing high-power DC energy in various application fields.

[0135]

[0136] Although the embodiments described above have been described with limited drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize that various modifications and variations can be made based on the above description. For example, appropriate results can still be achieved even if the described techniques are performed in a different order than described, and / or components of the described systems, structures, devices, circuits, etc. are combined or combined in a different manner than described, or are replaced or substituted with other components or equivalents.

[0137] Therefore, other implementations, other embodiments, and equivalents to the claims also fall within the scope of the claims described below.

Claims

1. Upper metal electrode; A conductive polymer gel comprising a mixture having dielectric properties and ionic conductivity; and A lower metal electrode in contact with the conductive polymer gel Including, A DC power generation device characterized in that the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode interact with the conductive polymer gel in a vertical contact-separation or sliding manner to generate direct current electrical energy based on a charge recombination mechanism.

2. In paragraph 1, The above conductive polymer gel is, A DC power generation device characterized by comprising polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and an ionic liquid.

3. In paragraph 1, The above conductive polymer gel is, A DC power generation device comprising PVC and a plasticizer, characterized in that the concentration of the plasticizer is mixed with that of PVC in a ratio of 1:

5.

4. In paragraph 3, The above plasticizer is, A DC power generation device characterized by comprising Bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate).

5. In paragraph 1, The above conductive polymer gel is, A DC generator characterized by generating maximum output at a thickness of 900 μm.

6. In paragraph 1, At least one of the upper metal electrode or the lower metal electrode, A DC power generating device characterized by containing gold or aluminum.

7. In paragraph 1, The above conductive polymer gel is, A DC power generation device comprising a plasticizer (DDA, DOA, DBA), characterized in that the size of the output voltage, current, and charge is controlled according to the concentration of the plasticizer.

8. A step of placing a conductive polymer gel made of a mixture of PVC and a plasticizer between the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode; A step of generating an electric charge by a charge recombination mechanism by bringing the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode into contact with the conductive polymer gel in a vertical contact-separation or sliding manner; and A step for generating high-power direct current electric energy by the above charge recombination. A method for generating high-power direct current electric energy, characterized by including:

9. In paragraph 8, A method for generating high-power direct current electric energy, wherein the conductive polymer gel composition comprises PVC and bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate), and the concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate) is mixed with PVC in a ratio of 1:

5.

10. In paragraph 8, A method for generating high-power direct current electrical energy, wherein the conductive polymer gel is composed of a mixture of PVDF and an ionic liquid, and the mixture generates a DC output through a stable charge recombination mechanism when in contact with the upper and lower metal electrodes.

11. In paragraph 8, A high-power direct current electric energy generation method characterized in that the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode are made of gold or aluminum and configured to maximize electrical contact efficiency when in contact with the conductive polymer gel.

12. In a power generating device for generating direct current electric energy, An upper metal electrode made of metal and movable in response to external mechanical stimulation; A conductive polymer gel having both dielectric properties and ionic conductivity and configured to form an internal electric field by inducing electrode polarization (EP); A lower metal electrode in contact with the conductive polymer gel and positioned to correspond to the upper metal electrode; Including, When the upper metal electrode comes into contact with the conductive polymer gel, an internal electric field is formed through the movement of ions within the conductive polymer gel and the electrode polarization phenomenon (EP) with the metal electrode. A direct current electric energy generation device characterized in that, at a point in time when the upper metal electrode is separated from the lower metal electrode, the charge generated by the internal electric field moves in one direction through an external circuit to generate direct current (DC) without a rectifier.

13. In paragraph 12, A direct current electric energy generation device characterized in that, when the conductive polymer gel comes into contact with the upper metal electrode, the flow of current to an external circuit is suppressed due to the ion migration characteristics of the conductive polymer gel, and an internal electric field is formed inside the polymer gel according to the electrode polarization (EP) phenomenon.

14. In paragraph 13, A direct current electric energy generation device characterized in that the internal electric field acts as an electric barrier to induce unidirectional movement of charges at the point where the upper metal electrode and the lower metal electrode are separated, thereby outputting direct current through an external circuit.

15. In paragraph 12, A direct current electric energy generation device characterized in that the conductive polymer gel comprises polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate), and the concentration of the bis(2-ethylhexyl adipate) is mixed in a ratio of 1:5 with respect to PVC.

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