Micro-led structure with discontinuous structure
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/078395
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-21
- Publication Date
- 2026-08-27
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Figure CN2025078395_27082026_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
MICRO-LED STRUCTURE WITH DISCONTINUOUS STRUCTURETECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present disclosure relates generally to light-emitting diode (LED) device, and more particularly, to a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure.BACKGROUND
[0002] Light emitting diodes (LEDs) are widely used in fields such as lighting, backlighting, and displays. The advantages of using LEDs as pixels may include high brightness, low operating voltage, low power consumption, large size, long lifespan, shock resistance, and stable performance. With the development of Mini-LED and Micro-LED technology in recent years, consumer devices and applications such as augmented reality (AR) , Virtual Reality (VR) , projection, heads-up display (HUD) , mobile device displays, wearable device displays, and automotive displays, require LED panels with improved resolution and brightness. For example, an AR display integrated within a goggle and positioned close to a wearer's eyes can have a dimension of a fingernail while still demanding an HD definition (1280×720 pixels) or higher. Many electronic devices require certain pixel size, distance between adjacent pixels, brightness, and viewing angle for the LED panels. Often, when trying to achieve the maximum resolution and brightness on a small display, it is challenging to maintain both the resolution and brightness requirements. In contrast, in some cases, pixel size and brightness are difficult to balance at the same time as they can have an approximately opposite relationship. For example, getting a high brightness for each pixel could result in a low resolution. Likewise, obtaining a high resolution could bring the brightness down.
[0003] Generally, a Micro-LED may comprise a plurality of semiconductor epitaxial layers of different conductivity types formed by epitaxial growth process. During epitaxial layer growth (for example, AlGaInP or InGaN) , there exists epitaxial strain due to lattice mismatch between different layers within the semiconductor epitaxial region. Such strain can be controlled by different In and Al composition, barrier / well thickness, doping, growth temperature, growth rate, etc. The epitaxial strain may alter the crystal structure and electrical properties of the semiconductor epitaxial layers, affecting parameters such as resistivity and carrier mobility, thereby affecting the performance of semiconductor devices. For example, in a quantum well structure, if semiconductor epitaxial layers are under epitaxial strain, large piezoelectric fields may be generated, which will cause quantum-confined Stark effect (QCSE) , in which the energy band of the semiconductor is tilted, the electron-hole pairs undergo spatial separation, the wave function overlap is reduced, causing a decrease in the luminescence efficiency and a red shift of the luminescence peak. The QCSE reduces the probability of electron hole recombination, leading to a decrease in the luminous efficiency of the device, which is very detrimental to the light-emitting device.
[0004] As such, it would be desirable to provide an LED structure for display panels that addresses the above-mentioned drawbacks, amongst others. BRIEF SUMMARY
[0005] There is a need for an improved Micro-LED structure that improve upon, and help to address the shortcomings of conventional display systems. In particular, there is a need for an LED device structure that can reduce the strong piezoelectric field which is the cause of QCSE effect, and increase the overlap between electron and hole wavefunction and thus the internal quantum efficiency.
[0006] The Micro-LED structure described herein may enable more strain relaxation, and make the bandgap larger at the mesa edge (so called edge stress release phenomenon) , and thus prevent the carriers spreading to the edge, which may reduce the influence of sidewall damage and increase the internal quantum efficiency.
[0007] Some exemplary embodiments provide a Micro-LED pixel array comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel comprising a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the Micro-LED structure comprising: a Micro-LED mesa that emits a first color, wherein the Micro-LED mesa is positioned on a substrate and comprises a plurality of semiconductor epitaxial layers, the semiconductor epitaxial layer of different Micro LED mesas are separated from each other.
[0008] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the cross-sectional shape of the Micro-LED mesa is an inverted trapezoid.
[0009] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the Micro-LED mesa include a first semiconductor epitaxial layer, a multiple quantum well layer, and a second semiconductor epitaxial layer, and a multiple quantum well layer between the first semiconductor epitaxial layer and the second semiconductor epitaxial layer.
[0010] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the first semiconductor epitaxial layer is a first conductivity type, the second semiconductor epitaxial layer is a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type, the first conductivity type is N-type or P-type, and the second conductivity type is P-type or N-type.
[0011] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises a top pad that is positioned on the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa and surrounds the periphery of the light-emitting area of the Micro-LED mesa.
[0012] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the top pad is a grid electrode, and the grid frames of the grid are conductive portion to be used as electrode, and the hollow areas between the grid frames are light transmitting portion, each Micro-LED mesa is located below the hollow areas between the grid frames, and the grid frames cover a portion of the top surface of each Micro LED mesa.
[0013] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the top pad stretches across the top surface of the adjacent Micro-LED mesas.
[0014] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises an upper conductive layer that covers the top pad and the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa.
[0015] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises a micro-lens that is formed on the top surface of the upper conductive layer.
[0016] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises a lower conductive layer positioned under the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa.
[0017] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises a passivation layer that covers the side surface of the Micro-LED mesa, a part of the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa, and reaches the bottom surface of a top pad on the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa.
[0018] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises a reflective layer positioned on the surface of the passivation layer away from the Micro-LED mesa.
[0019] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the reflective layer does not contact with the lower conductive layer and a bonding layer for bonding the Micro-LED structure to the substrate.
[0020] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises a gap between the reflective layers of adjacent Micro-LED mesas.
[0021] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the adjacent Micro-LED mesas are separated by a specific distance.
[0022] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, it further comprises an insulation dielectric that fills the space among the Micro-LED mesas.
[0023] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the material of the insulation dielectric is selected from: solid inorganic materials or plastic materials.
[0024] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of the Micro-LED pixel array, the solid inorganic materials include SiO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, SiCN, HfO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, La2O3, MgO, Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) , Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) , or any combination thereof, the plastic materials include SU-8, PermiNex, Benzocyclobutene (BCB) , spin-on glass (SOG) , or bonding adhesive Micro Resist BCL-1200, or any combination thereof.
[0025] Some exemplary embodiments provide a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, comprising:
[0026] a Micro-LED mesa that emits a first color, wherein the Micro-LED mesa is positioned on a substrate and comprises a plurality of semiconductor epitaxial layers;
[0027] a top pad positioned on the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa and surrounding the periphery of the light-emitting area of the Micro-LED mesa; and
[0028] a passivation layer that covers the side surface of the Micro-LED mesa, a part of the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa, and reaches the bottom surface of the top pad.
[0029] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the top pad is a grid electrode, and the grid frames of the grid are conductive portion to be used as electrode, and the hollow areas between the grid frames are light transmitting portion, each Micro-LED mesa is located below the hollow areas between the grid frames, and the grid frames cover a portion of the top surface of each Micro LED mesa.
[0030] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the top pad stretches across the top surface of the adjacent Micro-LED mesas.
[0031] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, it further comprises an upper conductive layer that covers the top pad and the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa.
[0032] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, it further comprises a micro-lens that is formed on the top surface of the upper conductive layer.
[0033] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, it further comprises a lower conductive layer positioned under the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa.
[0034] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, an opening is formed in the passivation layer under the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa, and the lower conductive layer is formed in the opening.
[0035] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, it further comprises a reflective layer positioned on the surface of the passivation layer away from the Micro-LED mesa.
[0036] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the reflective layer does not contact with the lower conductive layer and a bonding layer for bonding the Micro-LED structure to the substrate.
[0037] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, it further comprises an insulation dielectric that fills the space among the Micro-LED mesas.
[0038] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the material of the insulation dielectric is selected from: solid inorganic materials or plastic materials.
[0039] In some exemplary embodiments or any combination of preceding exemplary embodiments of Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the solid inorganic materials include SiO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, SiCN, HfO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, La2O3, MgO, Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) , Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) , or any combination thereof, the plastic materials include SU-8, PermiNex, Benzocyclobutene (BCB) , spin-on glass (SOG) , or bonding adhesive Micro Resist BCL-1200, or any combination thereof.
[0040] Other aspects include components, devices, systems, improvements, methods and processes including manufacturing methods, applications, and other technologies related to any of the above.
[0041] Note that the various embodiments described above can be combined with any other embodiments described herein. The features and advantages described in the specification are not all inclusive and, in particular, many additional features and advantages will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art in view of the drawings, specification, and claims. Moreover, it should be noted that the language used in the specification has been principally selected for readability and instructional purposes, and may not have been selected to delineate or circumscribe the inventive subject matter.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0042] So that the present disclosure can be understood in greater detail, a more particular description may be made by reference to the features of various embodiments, some of which are illustrated in the appended drawings. The appended drawings, however, merely illustrate pertinent features of the present disclosure and are therefore not to be considered limiting, for the description may admit to other effective features.
[0043] FIG. 1A shows a schematic top view of a Micro-LED structure.
[0044] FIG. 1B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the Micro-LED structure as shown in FIG. 1A along line A-Aaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0045] FIG. 2A shows a schematic top view of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0046] FIG. 2B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure as shown in FIG. 2A along line A-Aaccording to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0047] FIG. 3 shows a schematic top view of a top pad of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0048] FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0049] FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[0050] In accordance with common practice, the various features illustrated in the drawings may not be drawn to scale. Accordingly, the dimensions of the various features may be arbitrarily expanded or reduced for clarity. In addition, some of the drawings may not depict all of the components of a given system, method or device. Finally, like reference numerals may be used to denote like features throughout the specification and figures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0051] Numerous details are described herein in order to provide a thorough understanding of the example embodiments illustrated in the accompanying drawings. However, some embodiments may be practiced without many of the specific details, and the scope of the claims is only limited by those features and aspects specifically recited in the claims. Furthermore, well-known processes, components, and materials have not been described in exhaustive detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure pertinent aspects of the embodiments described herein.
[0052] In some embodiments, a single monochrome LED pixel may include one Micro-LED structure. In some embodiments, the Micro-LED structure may include at least one LED light emitting layer that emits a distinct color. That is, the LED light emitting layer may emit red light, green light, blue light or other color of light.
[0053] FIG. 1A shows a schematic top view of a Micro-LED structure. FIG. 1B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the Micro-LED structure as shown in FIG. 1A along line A-A according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGs. 1A and 1B, the Micro-LED structure comprises a substrate 110, a Micro-LED mesa 120, a top pad 140, an upper conductive layer 150, and a micro-lens 160.
[0054] For convenience, “up” is used to mean away from the substrate 110, “down” means toward the substrate 110, and other directional terms such as top, bottom, above, below, under, beneath, etc. are interpreted accordingly. The substrate 110 is the substrate on which the array of individual driver circuits is fabricated. In some embodiments, the driver circuits could also be located in one of the layers above the substrate 110. Each driver circuit is a pixel driver. In some instances, the driver circuits are thin-film transistor pixel drivers or silicon CMOS pixel drivers. In one embodiment, the substrate 110 is a Si substrate. In another embodiment, the substrate 110 is a transparent substrate, for example, a glass substrate. Other example substrates include GaAs, GaP, InP, SiC, ZnO, and sapphire substrates. The driver circuits form individual pixel drivers to control the operation of the individual Micro-LED pixel. The circuitry on substrate 110 includes contacts 111 to each individual driver circuit and also a ground contact.
[0055] In some embodiments, the substrate 110 may be electrically connected to each Micro-LED in the Micro-LED array through separate metal interconnects. In some embodiments, each micro-LED can be individually electrically controlled by the driver circuit on the substrate 110. In some embodiments, the driver circuit on the substrate 110 may be electrically connected to the electrodes of the micro-LED chip through metal interconnects. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer may be formed in the gap between micro-LEDs. In some embodiments, dielectric layers may also be formed in gaps between interconnects.
[0056] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED mesa 120 may include a first type epitaxial layer 121 of the first conductivity type, a light emitting layer 123, and a second type epitaxial layer 122 of the second conductivity type, from bottom up. The first type epitaxial layer 121 is connected with a lower conductive layer 130. The second type epitaxial layer 122 is connected with a top pad 140 and an upper conductive layer 150. The light emitting layer 123 may be, but is not limited to, a multi quantum well layer. The first conductivity type may be N-type, and the second conductivity type may be P-type; or the first conductivity type may be P-type, and the second conductivity type may be N-type. The N-type semiconductor epitaxial layer in each of the three color light emitting layers includes but not limited to N-type Si doped GaN, Si doped AlGaN, Si doped AlGaInP, Si doped GaAs, or Si doped AlInP; the P-type semiconductor epitaxial layer includes but not limited to Mg doped GaN, Mg doped AlGaN, Mg doped InGaN, Mg doped InAlGaN, Mg doped AlInP, Mg doped AlGaInP, Mg doped GaP, or C doped GaP. The quantum well layer includes but not limited to InGaN / GaN loops, InGaP / AlGaInP loops.
[0057] In some embodiments, the light emitting layer 123 may include at least one quantum well layer. A thickness of the quantum well layer is from 5nm to 40nm, for example, 30nm. In some embodiments, a material of the quantum well layer is GaInP / (AlxGa1-x) yIn1-yP, where a range of x is from 0.5 to 0.9, and a range of y is from 0.3 to 0.5. For example, x is 0.8, and y is 0.5. In some embodiments, a relationship between x and y is that x is 1 to 2 times y. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer 123 is a multiple quantum well (MQW) . In some embodiments, N type epitaxial layer 121 further includes a doped N type contact layer and an N type cladding layer. Doped N type contact layer is configured to connect with bonding layer 170, and N type cladding layer is formed on doped N type contact layer. A material of N type cladding layer is AlxIn1-xP, where a range of x is from 0.1 to 0.5, for example, x is 0.5. Further, in such embodiments, a thickness of N type cladding layer is not greater than 350nm, for example, the thickness of N type cladding layer is 320nm. A doping concentration of N type cladding layer is from 5e17cm-3 to 1e18cm-3. In some embodiments, the N type epitaxial layer 121 further includes a doped N type contact layer, and N type cladding layer formed on doped N type contact layer. Doped N type contact layer is configured to connect with bonding layer 170. A material of doped N type contact layer is GaAs. In some embodiments, a thickness of doped N type contact layer is from 10nm to 30nm. In some embodiments, a doping concentration of doped N type contact layer is from 2e18cm-3 to 1e19cm-3. In some embodiments, the N type epitaxial layer 121 further includes an N type spacer layer formed on N type cladding layer. A material of the N type spacer layer is (AlxGa1-x) yIn1-yP, where a range of x is from 0.5 to 0.9, and a range of y is from 0.1 to 0.5. For example, x is 0.8, and y is 0.5. In some embodiments, a relationship between x and y is that x is 1 to 2 times y. A thickness of the N type spacer layer is from 50nm to 75nm, for example, 65nm.
[0058] In some embodiments, P type epitaxial layer 122 may include a P type cladding layer and a doped P type contact layer. The P type cladding layer is formed on the light emitting layer 123, and doped P type contact layer is formed on P type cladding layer. In some embodiments, a material of P type cladding layer is AlxIn1-xP, where x is from 0.3 to 0.5, for example, x is 0.5. In such embodiments, a thickness of P type cladding layer is not greater than 380nm, for example, the thickness of P type cladding layer is 360nm. In some embodiments, a material of doped P type contact layer is GaAs. A thickness of doped P type contact layer is from 10nm to 30nm, for example, 20nm. In some embodiments, P type epitaxial layer 122 further includes a P type spacer layer formed under P type cladding layer, a first doped P type transition layer formed on P type cladding layer, and a second doped P type transition layer formed on the first doped P type transition layer. In some embodiments, a material of the P type spacer layer is (AlxGa1-x) yIn1-yP, where a range of x is from 0.5 to 0.9, and a range of y is from 0.3 to 0.5. For example, x is 0.8, and y is 0.5. In some embodiments, a relationship between x and y is that x is 1 to 2 times y. In some embodiments, a thickness of the P type spacer layer is from 50nm to 70nm, for example, 65nm. In some embodiments, a material of the first doped P type transition layer is (AlxGa1-x) yIn1-yP, where a range of x is from 0.1 to 0.3, and a range of y is from 0.3 to 0.5. For example, x is 0.17 and y is 0.5. In some embodiments, a relationship between x and y is that y is 1 to 5 times x. In some embodiments, a thickness of the first doped P type transition layer is from 20nm to 40nm, for example, 30nm. In some embodiments, a material of the second doped P type transition layer is AlxGa1-xAs, where a range of x is from 0.5 to 0.9, for example, x is 0.6. In some embodiments, a thickness of the second doped P type transition layer is from 10nm to 30nm, for example, 20nm. In some embodiments, a doping concentration of the second doped P type transition layer is greater than a doping concentration of the first doped P type transition layer. A doping concentration of doped P type contact layer is 1 to 10 times the doping concentration of second doped P type transition layer. In some embodiments, the doping concentration of doped P type contact layer is greater than the doping concentration of the second doped P type transition layer. Further, in some embodiments, the doping concentration of the second doped P type transition layer is 2 to 4 times a doping concentration of the first doped P type transition layer. For example, the doping concentration of the first doped P type transition layer is greater than 1e18cm-3, the doping concentration of the second doped P type transition layer is in a range of 2e18cm-3 to 4e18cm-3, and the doping concentration of doped P type contact layer is greater than 5e18cm-3.
[0059] In some embodiments, the upper conductive layer 150 and the lower conductive layer 130 may be a metal layer or a conductive transparent layer, such as an ITO, FTO, copper layer, that is formed to improve conductivity and transparency.
[0060] In some embodiments, the top pad 140 is positioned above the Micro-LED mesa 120 and surrounds the periphery of the light-emitting area of the Micro-LED mesa 120. In some embodiments, the top pad 140 may be used as common electrode to connect with the second type epitaxial layer 122 of the Micro-LED mesa 120. The top pad 140 may electrically connect the second type epitaxial layer 122 of the Micro-LED mesa 120 to the negative electrode of an external power source. In some embodiments, the top pad 140 may also be referred to as the top electrode or N-electrode.
[0061] In some embodiments, the top pad 140 may be grid electrode. That is, the grid frames are conductive portion to be used as electrode, and the hollow areas between the grid frames are light transmitting portion. Each Micro-LED mesa 120 is located below the hollow areas between the grid frames, so that the light emitted by the LED can be emitted from the hollow areas. The material of the top pad 140 may include: ITO, FTO, Al, Au, Ag, Cr, Ti, Pt, Cu.
[0062] In some embodiments, the upper conductive layer 150 covers the top pad 140 and the second type epitaxial layer 122.
[0063] Although some features are described herein with the term “layer” , it should be understood that such features are not limited to a single layer but may include a plurality of sublayers. In some instance, a “structure” can take the form of a “layer” .
[0064] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED structure may further comprise a passivation layer 124. The passivation layer 124 may cover the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer 121, the side surface of the first type epitaxial layer 121, the multiple quantum well layer 123, and the second type epitaxial layer 122, and the top surface of the insulation dielectric 180 between the adjacent Micro-LED mesa structures. There is an opening in the passivation layer 124 on the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer 121. The lower conductive layer 130 may be formed in the opening. In this embodiment, the material of the passivation layer 124 may be one or more of silicon oxide, silicon nitride oxide, aluminum oxide, and silicon nitride. For example, the passivation layer 124 may be an aluminum oxide (Al2O3) film layer formed by an atomic layer deposition process with better step coverage. The passivation layer 124 is used for electrical isolation of the lower conductive layer 130 and the first type epitaxial layer 121, the multiple quantum well layer 123, and the second type epitaxial layer 122.
[0065] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED structure may further comprise a reflective layer 190 that is formed on the surface of the passivation layer 124 and the lower conductive layer 130 away from the Micro-LED mesa structure.
[0066] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 190 may be conductive reflective layer or dielectric reflective layer. If the reflective layer 190 is non-conductive, the portion of the reflective layer 190 in contact with the lower conductive layer 130 has one or more conductive structures to electrically connect the lower conductive layer 130 to the contact 111 of the substrate 110.
[0067] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 190 may be a metal layer with a high reflectivity that includes one or more metals such as Pt, Rh, Al, Au, and Ag, a stacked DBR layer including TiO2 / SiO2 layers, or any other layer with a total reflection property including a multi-layered Omni-Directional Reflector (ODR) , or a combination thereof.
[0068] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 190 may be one or more reflective coatings. The one or more reflective coatings can reflect light emitted from the light emitting region and therefore enhance the brightness and luminous efficacy of micro-LED panels or displays. For example, the light emitted from the light emitting region may arrive at the one or more reflective coatings and may be reflected upward by the one or more reflective coatings.
[0069] When the reflective layer is made of a conductive material, there is a gap 191 between the reflective layers of adjacent Micro-LED mesa structures, thereby avoiding short circuits between adjacent Micro-LED mesa structures.
[0070] Materials of the one or more reflective coatings may be highly reflective with a reflectivity greater than 60%, 70%, 80%, or 90%, and therefore most of the light emitted from the light emitting region can be reflected. In some embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise one or more metallic conductive materials with high reflectivity. In these embodiments, the one or more metallic conductive materials may comprise one or more of aluminum, gold or silver. In other some embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings can be multi-layered. To be more specific, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise a stack of one or more reflective material layers and one or more dielectric material layers. For example, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise one reflective material layer and one dielectric material layer. In other embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise two reflective material layers and one dielectric material layer positioned between the two reflective material layers. Yet in some other embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise two dielectric material layers and one reflective material layer positioned between the two dielectric material layers. In some embodiments, the multi-layered structure may comprise two or more metal layers, which may comprise one or more of TiAu, CrAl or TiWAg.
[0071] In some embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings may be multi-layered Omni-Directional Reflector (ODR) , which comprises a metal layer and a Transparent and Conductive Oxides (TCO) layer. For example, the multilayered structure may comprise a dielectric material layer, a metal layer and a TCO layer. In some embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise two or more dielectric material layers, which are disposed alternately to form a Distributed Bragg Reflector (DBR) . For example, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise a dielectric material layer, a metal layer and a transparent dielectric layer. The transparent dielectric layer may comprise one or more of SiO2, Si3N4, Al2O3, or TiO2. The one or more reflective coatings may further comprise a dielectric material layer, a TCO and a DBR. In other embodiments, the one or more reflective coatings may comprise one or more metallic conductive materials with high reflection. In these embodiments, the one or more metallic conductive materials may comprise one or more of aluminum, gold or silver.
[0072] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED structure is bonded to the substrate 110 through hybrid bonding. One of the oxide bonding layers is deposited on the bottom of the Micro-LED structure; a counterpart oxide bonding layer is deposited on the substrate 110. Then via holes may be formed in oxide bonding layers, and filled with metal, to form the metal connecting layer 170. CMP process may be performed on the surface of the metal connecting layer 170, so that the surface of the metal connecting layer is flush with the surface of the oxide bonding layer. Then, the Micro-LED structure is bonded to the substrate 110 under a high pressure and a high temperature. In some embodiments, the metal connecting layer 170 is electrically connected between the contact 111 on the substrate 110 and the LED mesa 120 above the metal connecting layer 170, acting like a P-electrode. The composition for the oxide bonding layer 180 may be SiO2. For this structure, the bonding strength relies on the SiO2-SiO2 interface.
[0073] In some embodiments, an insulation dielectric 180 may fill the space among the Micro-LED mesa 120 and is transparent to the light emitted from the Micro-LED mesa 120. In some embodiments, the insulation dielectric 180 is made of dielectric materials such as solid inorganic materials or plastic materials. In some embodiments, the solid inorganic materials include SiO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, SiCN, HfO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, La2O3, MgO, Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) , Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) , or any combination thereof. In some embodiments, the plastic materials include polymers such as SU-8, PermiNex, Benzocyclobutene (BCB) , or transparent plastic (resin) including spin-on glass (SOG) , or bonding adhesive Micro Resist BCL-1200, or any combination thereof.
[0074] In some embodiments, the micro-lens 160 is formed on the top surface of upper conductive layer 150.
[0075] In some embodiments, the micro-lens 160 may change the light path emitted from the single Micro-LED pixel by making the light emitted from the LED device more focused or more divergent according to the design needs.
[0076] In some embodiments, the micro-lens 160 can be made from a variety of materials that are transparent at the wavelengths emitted from the single Micro-LED pixel. Example transparent materials for the micro-lens 160 include polymers, dielectrics and semiconductors. In some embodiments, the dielectric materials include one or more materials, such as silicon oxide, silicon nitride, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide, etc. In some embodiments, the micro-lens 160 is made of photoresist.
[0077] In some embodiments, the shape of the micro-lens 160 is generally hemisphere. In some embodiments, the center axis of the micro-lens 160 is aligned with or the same as the center axis of the lens-less single Micro-LED pixel.
[0078] It should be understood that a full display panel includes an array of many individual pixels and many micro-lenses. In addition, it may not have to be a one to one correspondence between micro-lenses and pixel light sources, nor a one to one correspondence between the pixel driver circuits (not shown) and the pixel light sources. Pixel light sources could also be made of multiple individual light elements, for example, single pixel LEDs connected in parallel. In some embodiments, one micro-lens 260 can cover several lens-less single LED pixels.
[0079] The individual micro-lens 160 has a positive optical power and is positioned to reduce the divergence or viewing angle for light that is emitted from the corresponding pixel light source. In one example, the light beam emitted from the pixel light source has an original divergence angle that is fairly wide. In one embodiment, the original angle for the edge light ray of the light beam relative to a vertical axis orthogonal to the substrate 110 is greater than 60 degrees. The light is bent by the micro-lens 160, so that the new edge light ray now has a reduced divergence angle. In one embodiment, the reduced angle is less than 30 degrees. The micro-lenses in the micro-lens array are typically the same. Examples of micro-lenses include spherical micro-lenses, aspherical micro-lenses, Fresnel micro-lenses and cylindrical micro-lenses.
[0080] The micro-lens 160 typically has a flat side and a curved side. In FIG. 1B, the bottom of the micro-lens 160 is the flat side, and the top of the micro-lens 160 is the curved side. Typical shapes of the base of each micro-lens 160 include circle, square, rectangle, and hexagon. The individual micro-lenses in a micro-lens array of a display panel may be the same or different in shape, curvature, optical power, size, base, spacing, etc. In some embodiments, the micro-lens 160 conforms to the shape of the single LED pixel. In one example, the shape of the base of the micro-lens 160 is the same as that of the single LED pixel. In another example, the shape of the base of the micro-lens 160 is not the same as that of the single LED pixel, for instance, the circular base of micro-lens has a same width as the single LED pixel, but a smaller area since the micro-lens base is a circle and the base of the single LED pixel is a square. In some embodiments, the micro-lens base area is the smaller than the area of the pixel light source. In some embodiments, the micro-lens base area is the same or larger than the area of the pixel light source.
[0081] In some embodiments, a brightness enhancement effect is achieved via integrating a micro-lens array onto the display panel. In some examples, the brightness with the micro-lens array is 4 times the brightness without the micro-lens array in the direction perpendicular to the display surface, due to light concentrating effect of micro-lenses. In alternative embodiments, the brightness enhancement factor can vary according to different designs of the micro-lens array and the optical spacer. For example, a factor greater than 8 can be achieved.
[0082] The micro-lens can be fabricated by various fabrication methods, including steps of depositing, patterning, etching, and so on.
[0083] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1A, typical shape of LED structure in horizontal-section includes circle, square, rectangle, and hexagon.
[0084] In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 1B, the cross-sectional shape of the Micro-LED mesa structure is an inverted trapezoid, that is, the upper area of the Micro-LED mesa structure is larger than the bottom area. In one embodiment, the inclination angle range of the sidewall of the Micro-LED mesa is 60 ° to 85 °.
[0085] In some embodiments, the plurality of semiconductor epitaxial layers of the Micro-LED mesa different conductivity types formed by epitaxial growth process. During epitaxial layer growth, there exists epitaxial strain due to lattice mismatch between different layers within the semiconductor epitaxial region. The epitaxial strain may alter the crystal structure and electrical properties of the semiconductor epitaxial layers, affecting parameters such as resistivity and carrier mobility, thereby affecting the performance of semiconductor devices. After mesa etching, as shown in FIG. 1B, the first type epitaxial layer 121, the light emitting layer 123, and a part of the second type epitaxial layer 122 of different Micro-LED mesas are separated from each other, so that the epitaxial strain may be at least partially relaxed. However, at least a portion of the top of the second type epitaxial layer 122 of each Micro LED mesa is not subjected to mesa etching, that is to say, the top of the second type epitaxial layer 122 of different Micro LED mesas is connected to each other.
[0086] In order to further release the epitaxial strain, in some embodiments, the present application further proposes a structure in which the second type epitaxial layer 122 of different Micro LED mesas are completely separated from each other, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B.
[0087] FIG. 2A shows a schematic top view of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2B shows a schematic cross-sectional view of the Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure as shown in FIG. 2A along line A-Aaccording to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIGs. 2A and 2B, the Micro-LED structure comprises a substrate 210, a Micro-LED mesa 220, a top pad 240, an upper conductive layer 250, and a micro-lens 260. In order to simplify the description of the present application, only the distinguishing parts in FIGs. 2A and 2B will be described in the following, and detailed descriptions of similar parts will be omitted.
[0088] In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer 222 of different Micro LED mesas are completely separated from each other, as shown in Figures 2A and 2B. The top pad 240 stretches across the top surface of the adjacent Micro-LED mesas, in order to allow carriers to flow into the second type epitaxial layer 222 of each Micro-LED mesa.
[0089] FIG. 3 shows a schematic top view of the top pad 240 of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in Figure 3, the top pad 240 is a conductive layer located on top of Micro LED mesas, which has multiple hollow portions. The Micro-LED mesa is located below each hollow section, and the area of the hollow portions is smaller than the top surface area of the second type epitaxial layer 222 of Micro LED mesas. Therefore, the top pad 240 covers a portion of the top surface of the second type epitaxial layer 222 of each Micro LED mesa.
[0090] The person skilled in the art should understand that although the top view of the hollow part of Micro-LED mesas and the top pad 240 is circular in the above embodiments, the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited to this shape. The top view shape of the hollow parts of the top pad 240 and the Micro-LED mesas may be any shape, such as polygons, ellipses, or other irregular shapes.
[0091] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED structure may further comprise a passivation layer 224. The passivation layer 224 may cover the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer 221, the side surface of the first type epitaxial layer 221, the multiple quantum well layer 223, and the second type epitaxial layer 222, and reach the bottom surface of the top pad 240. There is an opening in the passivation layer 224 on the bottom surface of the first type epitaxial layer 221. The lower conductive layer 230 may be formed in the opening. In this embodiment, the material of the passivation layer 224 may be similar to that of the passivation layer 124 and will not be described in detail to simplify the explanation.
[0092] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED structure may further comprise a reflective layer 290 that is positioned on the surface of the passivation layer 224 away from the Micro-LED mesa structure.
[0093] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 290 may be conductive reflective layer or dielectric reflective layer. If the reflective layer 290 is conductive, the reflective layer 290 should not contact with the lower conductive layer 230 and the bonding layer 270, in order to avoid electrical connections between the lower conductive layer 230 of adjacent mesas.
[0094] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 290 may be a metal layer with a high reflectivity that includes one or more metals such as Pt, Rh, Al, Au, and Ag, a stacked DBR layer including TiO2 / SiO2 layers, or any other layer with a total reflection property including a multi-layered Omni-Directional Reflector (ODR) , or a combination thereof.
[0095] In some embodiments, the reflective layer 290 may be one or more reflective coatings. The one or more reflective coatings can reflect light emitted from the light emitting region and therefore enhance the brightness and luminous efficacy of micro-LED panels or displays. For example, the light emitted from the light emitting region may arrive at the one or more reflective coatings and may be reflected upward by the one or more reflective coatings.
[0096] FIG. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The Micro-LED structure shown FIG. 4 is similar to the Micro-LED structure shown in FIGs. 2A-2B, and the difference is that a reflective layer 490 is positioned on the surface of the passivation layer 424 and a lower conductive layer 430 away from the Micro-LED mesa structure. When the reflective layer 490 is made of a conductive material, there is a gap 491 between the reflective layers of adjacent Micro-LED mesa structures, thereby avoiding short circuits between adjacent Micro-LED mesa structures. If the reflective layer 490 is non-conductive, the portion of the reflective layer 490 in contact with the lower conductive layer 430 has one or more conductive structures to electrically connect the lower conductive layer 430 to the contact of the substrate.
[0097] FIG. 5 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to an embodiment of the present invention. The Micro-LED structure shown FIG. 5 is similar to the Micro-LED structure shown in FIGs. 2A-2B, and the difference is that adjacent Micro-LED mesas are further separated by a specific distance d. The gap between Micro-LED mesas is larger.
[0098] In some embodiments, due to the fact that the semiconductor epitaxial layer of each Micro-LED mesa is separated from each other, after mesa etching, the epitaxial strain may be relaxed and a barrier may be formed at the sidewall of the Micro-LED mesas to prevent sidewall carrier loss. The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure described above may reduce the strong piezoelectric field which is the cause of QCSE effect, and increase the overlap between electron and hole wavefunction and thus the internal quantum efficiency. In addition, the Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure described above may make the bandgap larger at the mesa edge (so called edge stress release phenomenon) and thus prevent the carriers spreading to the edge, which reduce the influence of sidewall damage and increase the internal quantum efficiency.
[0099] The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure described above may constitute a part Micro-LED pixel. Multiple Micro-LED pixels arranged in a matrix may constitute a Micro-LED chip. Each dimension of the Micro-LED chip is not more than 1 centimeter (cm) , preferably, not more than 20 micro meters (μm) . The Micro-LED structures are formed in the Micro-LED chip in an array, with a resolution such as 720*480, 640*480, 1920*1080, 1280*720, 2k, or 4k. The diameter of the Micro-LED structure is at a nanometer level, e.g., 20 nm to 100 nm.
[0100] The Micro-LED chip includes a pixel backplane and a Micro-LED array. The Micro-LED array includes multiple Micro-LEDs. Each Micro-LED may form at least a portion of a pixel element on the Micro-LED chip.
[0101] In some embodiments, the pixel backplane may be electrically connected to each Micro-LED of the Micro-LED array through separate metal interconnects. In some embodiments, each Micro-LED may be separately, electrically controlled by the pixel backplane. In some embodiments, the pixel backplane may be electrically connected to an electrode of the Micro-LED chip through a metal interconnect. In some embodiments, a dielectric layer may be formed in the gap between the Micro-LEDs. In some embodiments, the dielectric layer may also be formed in the gap between interconnects.
[0102] In some embodiments, each Micro-LED of the Micro-LED array may include a Micro-LED mesa structure. In some embodiments, the Micro-LED mesa structure may include a first type epitaxial layer, a light emitting layer, and a second type epitaxial layer, from bottom up. That is, among the three layers, the first type epitaxial layer is closest to the pixel backplane; the light emitting layer is on top of the first type epitaxial layer and is further away from the pixel backplane; the second type epitaxial layer is on top of the light emitting layer and is the furthest away from the pixel backplane. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer is formed by several stacked quantum well layers, especially super crystal stacked quantum well layers. Preferably, the super crystal stacked quantum well layers comprise multiple pairs of quantum well layer stacked with quantum barrier layer. In some embodiments, the first type epitaxial layer is semiconductor material with a first conductive type and comprises several semiconductor layers. The main body material of the first type epitaxial layer can be but not limited to composed of Ga, N, As, P, In, Al or etc. based materials. Additionally, the first type epitaxial layer can from up to bottom comprise but not limited to a waveguide layer, a limitation layer, a transition layer and a window layer; furthermore, an ohmic contact layer can be formed under the window layer. In some embodiments, the second type epitaxial layer is semiconductor material with a second conductive type and comprises several semiconductor layers. The main body material of the second type epitaxial layer can be but not limited to composed of Ga, N, As, P, In, or Al etc. based materials. Additionally, the first type epitaxial layer can from up to bottom comprise but not limited to a limitation layer and a waveguide layer; furthermore, an ohmic contact layer can but not limited to be formed on the limitation layer in some embodiments.
[0103] In some embodiments, a top conductive layer may be formed on the top surface of the Micro-LED array. In some embodiments, the top conductive layer may be shared by all Micro-LEDs of the Micro-LED array. In some embodiments, the light emitting layer may include at least one layer of quantum well layer. In some embodiments, the Micro-LED array may include a single layer of Micro-LED structures. In some embodiments, the Micro-LED array may include multiple layers of Micro-LED structures vertically stacked.
[0104] In some embodiments, the Micro-LED array may include blue Micro-LEDs. In some embodiments, the pitch of the Micro-LED array, i.e., the minimum center-to-center distance between Micro-LEDs, may range from about 2 μm to about 50 μm. In some embodiments, the number of pixels in the Micro-LED chip may range from several thousands to over several millions.
[0105] Although the detailed description contains many specifics, these should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention but merely as illustrating different examples and aspects of the invention. It should be appreciated that the scope of the invention includes other embodiments not discussed in detail above. For example, the approaches described above can be applied to the integration of functional devices other than LEDs and OLEDs with control circuitry other than pixel drivers. Examples of non-LED devices include vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSEL) , photodetectors, micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) , silicon photonic devices, power electronic devices, and distributed feedback lasers (DFB) . Examples of other control circuitry include current drivers, voltage drivers, trans-impedance amplifiers, and logic circuits.
[0106] The preceding description of the disclosed embodiments is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to make or use the embodiments described herein and variations thereof. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the subject matter disclosed herein. Thus, the present disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments shown herein but is to be accorded the widest scope consistent with the following claims and the principles and novel features disclosed herein.
[0107] Features of the present invention can be implemented in, using, or with the assistance of a computer program product, such as a storage medium (media) or computer readable storage medium (media) having instructions stored thereon / in which can be used to program a processing system to perform any of the features presented herein. The storage medium can include, but is not limited to, high-speed random access memory, such as DRAM, SRAM, DDR RAM or other random access solid state memory devices, and may include non-volatile memory, such as one or more magnetic disk storage devices, optical disk storage devices, flash memory devices, or other non-volatile solid state storage devices. Memory optionally includes one or more storage devices remotely located from the CPU (s) . Memory or alternatively the non-volatile memory device (s) within the memory, comprises a non-transitory computer readable storage medium.
[0108] Stored on any machine readable medium (media) , features of the present invention can be incorporated in software and / or firmware for controlling the hardware of a processing system, and for enabling a processing system to interact with other mechanisms utilizing the results of the present invention. Such software or firmware may include, but is not limited to, application code, device drivers, operating systems, and execution environments / containers.
[0109] It will be understood that, although the terms “first” , “second, ” etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another.
[0110] The terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the claims. As used in the description of the embodiments and the appended claims, the singular forms “a, ” “an” and “the” are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term “and / or” as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms “comprises” and / or “comprising, ” when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and / or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and / or groups thereof.
[0111] As used herein, the term “if” may be construed to mean “when” or “upon” or “in response to determining” or “in accordance with a determination” or “in response to detecting, ” that a stated condition precedent is true, depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase “if it is determined [that a stated condition precedent is true] ” or “if [astated condition precedent is true] ” or “when [astated condition precedent is true] ” may be construed to mean “upon determining” or “in response to determining” or “in accordance with a determination” or “upon detecting” or “in response to detecting” that the stated condition precedent is true, depending on the context.
[0112] The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the claims to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain principles of operation and practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art.
Claims
1.A Micro-LED pixel array, comprising a plurality of pixels, each pixel comprising a Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, the Micro-LED structure comprising:a Micro-LED mesa that emits a first color, wherein the Micro-LED mesa is positioned on a substrate and comprises a plurality of semiconductor epitaxial layers, the semiconductor epitaxial layer of different Micro LED mesas are separated from each other.2.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 1, wherein the cross-sectional shape of the Micro-LED mesa is an inverted trapezoid.3.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 1, wherein the Micro-LED mesa includes a first semiconductor epitaxial layer, a second semiconductor epitaxial layer, and a multiple quantum well layer between the first semiconductor epitaxial layer and the second semiconductor epitaxial layer.4.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 3, wherein the first semiconductor epitaxial layer is a first conductivity type, the second semiconductor epitaxial layer is a second conductivity type different from the first conductivity type, the first conductivity type is N-type or P-type, and the second conductivity type is P-type or N-type.5.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 1, further comprising a top pad that is positioned on the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa and surrounds the periphery of the light-emitting area of the Micro-LED mesa.6.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 5, wherein the top pad is a grid electrode, and the grid frames of the grid are conductive portion to be used as electrode, and the hollow areas between the grid frames are light transmitting portion, each Micro-LED mesa is located below the hollow areas between the grid frames, and the grid frames cover a portion of the top surface of each Micro LED mesa.7.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 5, wherein the top pad stretches across the top surface of the adjacent Micro-LED mesas.8.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 5, further comprising an upper conductive layer that covers the top pad and the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa.9.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 8, further comprising a micro-lens that is formed on the top surface of the upper conductive layer.10.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 1, further comprising a lower conductive layer positioned under the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa.11.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 10, further comprising a passivation layer that covers the side surface of the Micro-LED mesa, a part of the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa, and reaches the bottom surface of a top pad on the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa.12.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 11, further comprising a reflective layer positioned on the surface of the passivation layer away from the Micro-LED mesa.13.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 12, wherein the reflective layer does not contact with the lower conductive layer and a bonding layer for bonding the Micro-LED structure to the substrate.14.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 12, further comprising a gap between the reflective layers of adjacent Micro-LED mesas.15.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 1, wherein the adjacent Micro-LED mesas are separated by a specific distance.16.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 1, further comprising an insulation dielectric that fills the space among the Micro-LED mesas.17.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 16, wherein the material of the insulation dielectric is selected from: solid inorganic materials or plastic materials.18.The Micro-LED pixel array according to claim 17, wherein the solid inorganic materials include SiO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, SiCN, HfO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, La2O3, MgO, Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) , Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) , or any combination thereof,the plastic materials include SU-8, PermiNex, Benzocyclobutene (BCB) , spin-on glass (SOG) , or bonding adhesive Micro Resist BCL-1200, or any combination thereof.19.aMicro-LED structure with discontinuous structure, comprising:a Micro-LED mesa that emits a first color, wherein the Micro-LED mesa is positioned on a substrate and comprises a plurality of semiconductor epitaxial layers;a top pad positioned on the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa and surrounding the periphery of the light-emitting area of the Micro-LED mesa; anda passivation layer that covers the side surface of the Micro-LED mesa, a part of the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa, and reaches the bottom surface of the top pad.20.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 19, wherein the top pad is a grid electrode, and the grid frames of the grid are conductive portion to be used as electrode, and the hollow areas between the grid frames are light transmitting portion, each Micro-LED mesa is located below the hollow areas between the grid frames, and the grid frames cover a portion of the top surface of each Micro LED mesa.21.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 19, wherein the top pad stretches across the top surface of the adjacent Micro-LED mesas.22.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 19, further comprising an upper conductive layer that covers the top pad and the top surface of the Micro-LED mesa.23.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 22, further comprising a micro-lens that is formed on the top surface of the upper conductive layer.24.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 19, further comprising a lower conductive layer positioned under the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa.25.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 24, wherein an opening is formed in the passivation layer under the bottom surface of the Micro-LED mesa, and the lower conductive layer is formed in the opening.26.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 19, further comprising a reflective layer positioned on the surface of the passivation layer away from the Micro-LED mesa.27.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 26, wherein the reflective layer does not contact with the lower conductive layer and a bonding layer for bonding the Micro-LED structure to the substrate.28.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 19, further comprising an insulation dielectric that fills the space among the Micro-LED mesas.29.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 28, wherein the material of the insulation dielectric is selected from: solid inorganic materials or plastic materials.30.The Micro-LED structure with discontinuous structure according to claim 29, wherein the solid inorganic materials include SiO2, Al2O3, Si3N4, SiCN, HfO2, Ta2O5, TiO2, ZrO2, La2O3, MgO, Phosphosilicate glass (PSG) , Borophosphosilicate glass (BPSG) , or any combination thereof,the plastic materials include SU-8, PermiNex, Benzocyclobutene (BCB) , spin-on glass (SOG) , or bonding adhesive Micro Resist BCL-1200, or any combination thereof.