Auxiliary device and method for adjusting axial clearance of paired spherical roller thrust bearings

Abstract

The present invention discloses an auxiliary device and method for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing. The auxiliary device includes a simulation shaft, a simulation bearing sleeve and a pressing plate; the simulation shaft has a bearing mounting journal that is in clearance fit with the inner ring of the spherical roller thrust bearing. One end of the simulation shaft has a bearing limit disc, and the other end has a pressing plate connection structure for setting the pressing plate; the simulation bearing sleeve is in the form of an annular sleeve with a set thickness and can be sleeved on the outer circumference of the inner ring bushing, and has a spring installation hole for setting a spring or a simulation spring. The adjustment method is implemented based on the foregoing device. The simulation clearance is detected through simulation installation, and then converted into the actual clearance in combination with the actual product dimensions, and the actual clearance is judged according to the design requirements. Compensation is carried out when it is unqualified. The beneficial effects of the present invention are that the adjustment device has a simple structure and reliable functions, and can be conveniently used for simulating and adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing; the adjustment method can improve the assembly efficiency and eliminate the potential risks of shaft surface and bearing strain.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the axial clearance adjustment technology of paired spherical roller thrust bearings, in particular to an auxiliary device and method for adjusting the axial clearance of paired spherical roller thrust bearings. Background Art

[0002] In the domestic machinery industry, bearings are very commonly used. Paired spherical roller thrust bearings with spring preloading are also often used in places where the gearbox in the building materials industry bears axial thrust. However, for such bearings, since the inner ring must be interference-fitted, it needs to be heated and then installed on the gear shaft. The adjustment of the axial clearance of the bearings restricts the assembly speed during specific assembly and is prone to problems such as bearing strain.

[0003] As shown in the attached Figure 1 figure, a power input assembly of a certain product is paired and uses spherical roller thrust bearings 2 preloaded with a spring 1. The bearing outer rings of the two spherical roller thrust bearings 2 are limited by the partition end faces on the bearing sleeve 6 with relatively fixed positions. A plurality of spring installation through holes for installing the spring 1 are distributed in the circumferential direction of the partition. The two spherical roller thrust bearings 2 bear axial thrust during gear transmission. Usually, for the adjustment of the bearing clearance, the two bearings are respectively hot-installed on the gear shaft 3, and after assembling other parts according to the figure, two dial indicator bases are symmetrically adsorbed on the input end cover 4, and the dial indicator heads are symmetrically placed on the shaft ends of the gear shaft. The gear shaft is axially pushed and pulled to detect the axial clearance of the bearing. After recording the data, the inner ring bushing 5 between the two bearings is ground to ensure that the axial clearance is within the required range. After the inner ring bushing 5 is ground, it is reinstalled on the gear bearing. However, since the inner ring of the bearing and the journal of the gear shaft are tightly fitted, the inner ring needs to be heated to be assembled in place. To grind the bushing 5, the upper bearing inner ring must be removed first. The common method is to inject pressure oil into the oil passage of the gear shaft through the oil drain hole, expand the inner ring and then pull out the bearing. However, the operation process requires special care. If not careful, the shaft surface of the bearing or the bearing installation journal of the gear shaft 3 may be strained by fine impurities. If the selected bearing width is relatively narrow, the oil is likely to drain away from both sides, resulting in the failure to build up oil pressure and the bearing cannot be disassembled. It can only be removed by heating the bearing by flame. In most cases, this method may cause uneven heating of the bearing and micro-deformation, and the shaft surface will also be strained when pulled out.

[0004] To avoid straining the shaft surface, the solution in the prior art is to perform pre-grinding before assembly, and pre-grind with reference to the empirical values of the grinding amounts of the adjustment pads for the same type and the same bearings before, and perform verification after assembly. However, it is affected by the ambient temperature and processing errors, and deviations in the verification values often occur, still resulting in the problem that the bushing needs to be ground during the assembly process for some products, affecting the assembly efficiency.

[0005] How to quickly and accurately assemble the spherical roller thrust bearing with spring preloading and paired use, without wasting time and without scratching the shaft surface or the bearing when adjusting the axial clearance, has become an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0006] The first object of the present invention is to provide an auxiliary device for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing in view of the deficiency of scratching the shaft surface in the adjustment of the axial clearance of the existing paired spherical roller thrust bearing. Through this auxiliary device, the bushing size can be determined before assembly and pre-grinding can be carried out if necessary, so as to avoid disassembly and grinding after installation, thereby avoiding scratching the shaft surface or the bearing, improving the assembly efficiency, and being not limited by the bearing width. The second object of the present invention is to provide a method for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing based on the aforementioned auxiliary device, so as to complete the assembly at one time, improve the assembly efficiency, effectively avoid scratching the shaft surface or the bearing, and be not limited by the bearing width.

[0007] To achieve the first object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0008] An auxiliary device for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing includes a simulation shaft, a simulation bearing sleeve and a pressing plate; the simulation shaft has a bearing installation journal that is in clearance fit with the inner ring of the spherical roller thrust bearing, one end of the simulation shaft is integrally formed or fixedly connected with a bearing limit disc, and the other end of the simulation shaft has a pressing plate connection structure for setting the pressing plate; the simulation bearing sleeve is in the shape of an annular sleeve with a set thickness, the simulation bearing sleeve can be sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring bushing, and has a spring installation hole for installing a spring or a simulation spring.

[0009] The device adopting the foregoing technical solution is used to obtain a simulated clearance value through simulated assembly. Then, by comparing the actual clearance value with the designed clearance value, the grinding amount of the inner ring bushing length is determined, or clearance compensation methods such as adding gaskets or replacing the inner ring bushing are adopted to meet the designed clearance requirements during the actual assembly of the product. Since the bearing mounting journal of the simulated shaft and the inner ring of the spherical roller thrust bearing are in clearance fit, the corresponding inner ring bushing will not form a tight fit with the simulated shaft either. Therefore, during the disassembly and assembly of the bearing, neither the bearing nor the simulated shaft will be scratched; through clearance compensation, the phenomenon of disassembling and then adjusting the clearance after the actual product is assembled can be avoided, thereby effectively improving the assembly efficiency and eliminating the hidden danger of shaft surface and bearing scratches. During actual application, the actual product with bearings, inner ring bushings, product springs or simulated springs and simulated bearing sleeves is fixed on the simulated shaft through a pressing plate; then, with one end face of the simulated bearing sleeve tightly attached to the corresponding bearing outer ring end face, the simulated clearance between the other end face of the simulated bearing sleeve and the other corresponding bearing outer ring is measured, and then the actual clearance value is calculated through the difference between the thickness of the simulated bearing sleeve and the thickness at the partition of the actual product bearing sleeve; finally, by comparing the actual clearance value with the designed clearance value, the clearance compensation amount and compensation method are determined, and the actual product assembly is carried out after compensation. The spring installation hole on the simulated bearing sleeve can be a through hole or a blind hole. When a blind hole is adopted, the spring can be completely compressed in the hole.

[0010] Preferably, the pressing plate connection structure includes a pressing plate bolt, and the pressing plate bolt is in threaded fit connection with a threaded hole provided on the simulated shaft. The pressing plate is installed and pressed by using a mature and convenient operation fixed connection method.

[0011] Preferably, the pressing plate adopts an open pressing plate structure. So that after the bolt is loosened, the pressing plate can be pulled and disassembled laterally without removing the bolt and then disassembling the pressing plate, further improving the operation convenience.

[0012] Preferably, the bearing limit disk and the bearing mounting journal are of an integral structure, and a degassing groove is formed at the connection part of the two. To ensure the overall rigidity, as well as the accuracy and stability of the bearing installation position; and it is convenient to adopt a grinding processing method to grind the bearing outer ring abutting surfaces of the mounting journal and the bearing limit disk in sequence, improving the processing convenience and reducing the processing cost.

[0013] Preferably, the inner hole of the simulated bearing sleeve and the outer circumference of the inner ring bushing form a column hole fit structure with clearance fit. To prevent the simulated bearing sleeve from being eccentric with the simulated shaft, ensure that multiple springs or simulated springs form a circumferential distribution with the axis of the simulated shaft, avoid deflection or inclination of the bearing outer ring due to uneven force, and ensure accurate measurement of the simulated clearance value.

[0014] To achieve the second object, the present invention adopts the following technical solution.

[0015] A method for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing is implemented based on an auxiliary device for achieving the first invention purpose; it includes the following steps:

[0016] The first step, equipment operation: sequentially assemble two paired spherical roller thrust bearings, inner ring bushings, simulated bearing sleeves, and springs or simulated springs onto a simulated shaft through a pressing plate, so that the two end faces of the inner ring bushing are respectively in close contact with the inner ring end faces of the corresponding spherical roller thrust bearings, forming a simulated assembly state of paired spherical roller thrust bearings; measure and record the blocking thickness of the bearing sleeve, the length of the inner ring bushing, and the thickness of the simulated bearing sleeve.

[0017] The second step, measurement of simulated clearance value: in the simulated assembly state, make one end face of the simulated bearing sleeve in close contact with the outer ring end face of the corresponding spherical roller thrust bearing, and measure the clearance value between the other end face of the simulated bearing sleeve and the outer ring end face of the other spherical roller thrust bearing.

[0018] The third step, calculation of actual clearance value: calculate the actual clearance value according to the calculation formula of A + C - B.

[0019] The fourth step, qualification judgment: taking the designed clearance value as the standard, judge whether the calculated actual clearance value is qualified. If it is qualified, execute the sixth step; if it is unqualified, execute the next step.

[0020] The fifth step, compensation for the length of the bushing: according to the difference between the unqualified actual clearance value and the designed clearance value, compensate for the length of the inner ring bushing. After reaching the standard of the designed clearance value, execute the next step.

[0021] The sixth step, qualified marking: mark the two spherical roller thrust bearings, inner ring bushings, and bearing sleeves used for calculating the actual clearance value through the simulated assembly test as qualified.

[0022] The present adjustment method adopting the foregoing technical solution fixes the actual product on the simulation shaft by means of bearings, inner ring bushings, product springs or simulation springs and simulation bearing sleeves with a pressing plate; then, under the state that one end face of the simulation bearing sleeve is in close contact with the corresponding bearing outer ring end face, measure the simulation gap between the other end face of the simulation bearing sleeve and the other corresponding bearing outer ring, and calculate the actual gap value through the difference between the thickness of the simulation bearing sleeve and the thickness at the partition of the actual product bearing sleeve; finally, determine the gap compensation amount and compensation method through the comparison between the actual gap value and the designed gap value, and perform the assembly of the actual product after compensation. Under the condition that the machining accuracy is fully guaranteed, this method can achieve batch or small batch assembly. Of course, the two spherical roller thrust bearings, inner ring bushings and bearing sleeves for supporting simulation debugging can also be marked for supporting and used for assembling on the power input assembly of the same product. In this way, the gap value can be better guaranteed without requiring higher accuracy requirements in the machining process of relevant parts. During the disassembly and assembly process of the bearing, this method will not cause damage to the bearing or the simulation shaft; through gap compensation, the phenomenon of disassembling the actual product for gap adjustment after assembly can be avoided, thereby effectively improving the assembly efficiency and eliminating the potential hazards of shaft surface and bearing damage. Among them, in the preparation work steps, except that the length measurement of the inner ring bushing needs to be carried out before the simulation debugging assembly, the partition thickness of the bearing sleeve and the thickness of the simulation bearing sleeve can be carried out before and after assembly.

[0023] Preferably, in the bushing length compensation step, the bushing length compensation is achieved by one of the methods of grinding the end face of the inner ring bushing, adding an adjusting gasket or replacing the inner ring bushing with a length greater than the measured value. Multiple compensation methods can be used for compensation to improve the convenience and practicability of compensation. Among them, grinding the end face of the inner ring bushing is applicable to the situation where the simulation gap value is greater than the design requirement; on the contrary, compensation is carried out by adding an adjusting gasket or replacing the inner ring bushing with a length greater than the measured value. When the replaced inner ring bushing results in the gap design requirement, compensation is carried out again by the method of grinding the end face.

[0024] Preferably, in the equipment working step, the simulation spring is selected with a stiffness less than that of the spring used in the actual product. To improve the convenience of simulation assembly, its stiffness meets the requirement that the preload given to the bearing outer ring can eliminate the clearance between the bearing inner and outer rings.

[0025] Preferably, in the equipment working step, before measuring the length of the inner ring bushing, it also includes confirming the parallelism of the two end faces of the inner ring bushing. To ensure the accuracy of the length measurement result, and under the simulation assembly condition, ensure that the opposite planes of the inner rings of the two bearings are parallel, and improve the accuracy of the simulation debugging result.

[0026] The beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows: the adjustment device has a simple structure and reliable functions, and can be conveniently used for simulating and adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing; during the operation of the adjustment method, whether in the process of bearing disassembly or assembly, the bearing or the simulated shaft will not be scratched; through clearance compensation, the phenomenon of disassembling and adjusting the clearance after the actual product is assembled can be avoided, thereby effectively improving the assembly efficiency and eliminating the potential risk of shaft surface and bearing scratching. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] Figure 1 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of a product with a paired spherical roller thrust bearing to which the simulation device and method of the present invention are applicable.

[0028] Figure 2 FIG. is a schematic structural diagram of the simulation device of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 3 FIG. is a schematic partial structural diagram of a bearing sleeve in a product applicable to the method of the present invention.

[0030] The above-mentioned drawings are also used to illustrate the simulation method of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0031] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0032] Example 1, referring to Figure 2 an auxiliary device for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing, which is applicable to Figure 1 the axial clearance adjustment between two spherical roller thrust bearings 2 which are paired and pre-tightened by a spring 1 in the power input assembly of a certain product shown in FIG.; the auxiliary device includes a simulated shaft 7, a simulated bearing sleeve 8 and a pressing plate 9; the simulated shaft 7 has a bearing mounting journal that is in clearance fit with the inner ring of the spherical roller thrust bearing 2, one end of the simulated shaft 7 is integrally formed or fixedly connected with a bearing limit disk, and the other end of the simulated shaft 7 has a pressing plate connection structure for setting the pressing plate 9; the simulated bearing sleeve 8 has an annular sleeve structure with a set thickness, the simulated bearing sleeve 8 can be sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring bushing 5, and has a spring installation hole for installing the spring 1 or a simulated spring, and the spring installation hole is a through hole penetrating the thickness of the simulated bearing sleeve 8 so that both ends of the spring can respectively abut against the outer rings of the two bearings; and the inner hole of the simulated bearing sleeve 8 and the outer periphery of the inner ring bushing 5 form a column hole fit structure with clearance fit.

[0033] Among them, the pressing plate connection structure includes a pressing plate bolt 10, and the pressing plate bolt 10 is in threaded fit connection with a threaded hole provided on the simulated shaft 7. The pressing plate 9 adopts an open pressing plate structure. The bearing limit disk and the bearing mounting journal are of an integral structure, and a gas vent groove is formed at the connection part between the two.

[0034] In this embodiment, a screw segment can also extend from the free end of the simulation shaft 7 in the pressing plate connection structure, and a pressing nut is arranged through the screw to press the pressing plate 9 against the outer ring of the bearing.

[0035] In this embodiment, the spring installation hole on the simulation bearing sleeve 8 can also be a blind hole, and the spring 1 or the simulation spring can be completely compressed in the hole.

[0036] Embodiment 2, see Figure 2 and Figure 3 , a method for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing, which is implemented based on the auxiliary device of Embodiment 1; includes the following steps:

[0037] The first step, equipment work: including sequentially assembling the paired two spherical roller thrust bearings 2, inner ring bushings 5, simulation bearing sleeves 8, and springs 1 or simulation springs on the simulation shaft 7 through the pressing plate 9, so that the two end faces of the inner ring bushing 5 are respectively in close contact with the inner ring end faces of the corresponding spherical roller thrust bearings 2, forming a simulated assembly state of the paired spherical roller thrust bearings; measure and record the partition thickness B of the bearing sleeve 6, the length D of the inner ring bushing 5, and the thickness C of the simulation bearing sleeve 8;

[0038] The second step, simulated clearance value measurement: in the simulated assembly state, make one end face of the simulation bearing sleeve 8 in close contact with the outer ring end face of the corresponding spherical roller thrust bearing 2, and measure the clearance value A between the other end face of the simulation bearing sleeve 8 and the outer ring end face of the other spherical roller thrust bearing 2;

[0039] The third step, actual clearance value calculation: calculate the actual clearance value according to the calculation formula of A + C - B;

[0040] The fourth step, qualification judgment: taking the designed clearance value as the standard, judge whether the calculated actual clearance value is qualified. If it is qualified, execute the sixth step; if it is unqualified, execute the next step;

[0041] The fifth step, bushing length compensation: according to the difference between the unqualified actual clearance value and the designed clearance value, compensate the length D of the inner ring bushing 5. After reaching the designed clearance value standard, execute the next step;

[0042] The sixth step, qualification marking: mark the two spherical roller thrust bearings 2, inner ring bushings 5, and the bearing sleeve 6 for calculating the actual clearance value through the simulated assembly test as qualified.

[0043] Among them, in the working steps of the equipment, the stiffness of the simulated spring is selected to be less than that of the spring used in the actual product. Before measuring the length D of the inner ring bushing 5, it also includes confirming the parallelism of the two end faces of the inner ring bushing 5. In the bushing length compensation step, the bushing length compensation is achieved by one of the following methods: grinding the end face of the inner ring bushing 5, adding adjustment shims, or replacing the inner ring bushing 5 with a length D greater than the measured value.

[0044] The above shows and describes the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments. What is described in the above embodiments and the specification only illustrates the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements all fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. An auxiliary device for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing, characterized in that, It includes a simulation shaft (7), a simulation bearing sleeve (8), and a pressing plate (9); the simulation shaft (7) has a bearing mounting journal that is in clearance fit with the inner ring of the spherical roller thrust bearing (2). One end of the simulation shaft (7) is integrally formed or fixedly connected with a bearing limit disc, and the other end of the simulation shaft (7) has a pressing plate connection structure for setting the pressing plate (9); the simulation bearing sleeve (8) is in the form of an annular sleeve structure with a set thickness. The simulation bearing sleeve (8) can be sleeved on the outer periphery of the inner ring bushing (5) and has a spring mounting hole for setting the spring (1) or a simulation spring; the spring mounting hole is a through hole penetrating the thickness of the simulation bearing sleeve (8) so that both ends of the spring respectively abut against the outer rings of the two bearings; the inner hole of the simulation bearing sleeve (8) forms a column hole fit structure with a clearance fit with the outer periphery of the inner ring bushing (5).

2. The auxiliary device according to claim 1, wherein The pressing plate connection structure includes a pressing plate bolt (10), and the pressing plate bolt (10) is in threaded fit connection with a threaded hole provided on the simulation shaft (7).

3. The auxiliary device according to claim 1, characterized in that The pressing plate (9) adopts an open pressing plate structure.

4. The auxiliary device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that The bearing limit disc and the bearing mounting journal are of an integral structure, and a degassing groove is formed at the connection part between the two.

5. A method for adjusting the axial clearance of a paired spherical roller thrust bearing, characterized in that, Implement based on the auxiliary device described in any one of claims 1 to 4; It includes the following steps: The first step, equipment operation: It includes sequentially assembling two paired spherical roller thrust bearings (2), inner ring bushings (5), simulation bearing sleeves (8), and the spring (1) or simulation spring on the simulation shaft (7) through the pressing plate (9), so that the two end faces of the inner ring bushing (5) are respectively in close contact with the inner ring end faces of the corresponding spherical roller thrust bearings (2) to form a simulated assembly state of paired spherical roller thrust bearings; measure and record the blocking thickness (B) of the bearing sleeve (6), the length (D) of the inner ring bushing (5), and the thickness (C) of the simulation bearing sleeve (8). The second step, simulation clearance value measurement: In the simulated assembly state, make one end face of the simulation bearing sleeve (8) in close contact with the outer ring end face of the corresponding spherical roller thrust bearing (2), and measure the clearance value (A) between the other end face of the simulation bearing sleeve (8) and the outer ring end face of the other spherical roller thrust bearing (2). The third step, actual clearance value calculation: Calculate the actual clearance value according to the calculation formula of A + C - B. The fourth step, qualification judgment: Taking the designed clearance value as the standard, judge whether the calculated actual clearance value is qualified. If it is qualified, execute the sixth step; if it is unqualified, execute the next step. The fifth step, bushing length compensation: According to the difference between the unqualified actual clearance value and the designed clearance value, compensate the length (D) of the inner ring bushing (5). After reaching the designed clearance value standard, execute the next step. The sixth step, qualification marking: Mark as qualified the two spherical roller thrust bearings (2), inner ring bushings (5), and the bearing sleeve (6) for which the actual clearance value is calculated through simulated assembly testing.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein In the fifth step, the bushing length compensation is achieved by one of the following methods: grinding the end face of the inner ring bushing (5), adding adjustment shims, or replacing the inner ring bushing (5) with a length (D) greater than the measured value.

7. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In the first step, the stiffness of the simulated spring is selected to be less than that of the spring used in the actual product.

8. The method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that, In the first step, before measuring the length (D) of the inner ring bushing (5), it further includes confirming the parallelism of the two end faces of the inner ring bushing (5).

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