A disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system and control method thereof

Abstract

The present invention relates to a disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system and a control method thereof. The roof photovoltaic system comprises a support assembly 1, a support assembly 2 and a photovoltaic panel which are sequentially arranged above the roof; a shock absorber is arranged between the support assembly 1 and the support assembly 2. The support assembly 1 comprises a limit frame installed on the top of the roof, a sliding foundation embedded in the limit frame and fitted with a clearance of the limit frame, and a column installed above the sliding foundation; a plurality of buffer pads are arranged on the inner wall of the limit frame. The present invention has good seismic resistance and structural stability, and can ensure the structural safety of roof photovoltaic panels under natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. At the same time, the roof photovoltaic system can identify the sand and dust accumulation areas on the surface of the photovoltaic panels and issue timely warnings to ensure that the photovoltaic panels work in a good operating environment.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of building construction, and in particular to a disaster prevention and reduction type roof photovoltaic system and a control method thereof. Background Art

[0002] Photovoltaic panels convert solar energy into electrical energy and are an important new energy power generation component. In the context of the country's vigorous promotion of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the application of roof photovoltaic panels is an important measure to achieve energy conservation and emission reduction, and has broad application prospects. Photovoltaic panels are usually fixed to the roof through roof photovoltaic panel brackets. The traditional roof photovoltaic panel bracket structure is relatively simple, and most of them use light steel structure.

[0003] In recent years, natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons have occurred frequently, and the structural safety of roof photovoltaic panels has become particularly important. Part of the traditional roof photovoltaic panel bracket is placed on the roof, and the other part is welded to the roof through embedded parts. This installation method has the following shortcomings: First, there is a lack of connection with the roof, the structural strength is low, and it is easy to be damaged when encountering strong winds and earthquakes, and there is even a risk of falling from the roof, which has serious safety hazards; second, there is a lack of earthquake-resistant measures. During an earthquake, the photovoltaic panel bracket is prone to serious damage, which in turn leads to the destruction of the photovoltaic panel, causing loss of life and property, and post-disaster repair is often time-consuming and laborious; third, there is a lack of photovoltaic panel surface pollution detection capabilities. During the use of roof photovoltaic panels, they are affected by wind and dust. Over time, a large number of sand and dust areas will be formed on the photovoltaic panels. These sand and dust will block light and affect the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panels. At the same time, it is not conducive to heat dissipation, resulting in the temperature of the sand and dust area being higher than other unshielded temperatures, which is easy to produce hot spot effects and damage photovoltaic panel components. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system and a control method thereof. The roof photovoltaic system has good seismic resistance, can ensure the structural stability of the roof photovoltaic panels in severe natural environments such as earthquakes and typhoons, and ensure that the photovoltaic panels work in a good operating environment.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0006] A disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system, characterized in that: it comprises a support assembly 1, a support assembly 2 and a photovoltaic panel which are sequentially arranged above the roof; a shock absorber is arranged between the support assembly 1 and the support assembly 2;

[0007] The support component 1 comprises a limit frame installed on the top of the roof, a sliding base embedded in the limit frame and matching the limit frame with a clearance, and a column installed above the sliding base; a plurality of buffer pads are arranged on the inner wall of the limit frame.

[0008] Furthermore, the support component 2 includes a support plate and a plurality of support block units installed above the support plate; the support block unit includes a support block installed on the top of the support plate and a top rod installed on the top of the support block; the photovoltaic panel is located above each support block unit and is connected to the upper end of the top rod in each support block unit through a connecting piece; the top rod is a telescopic rod.

[0009] Furthermore, a damper is provided between the limiting frame and the sliding base.

[0010] Furthermore, the roof is a concrete roof, an embedded part is provided in the roof, and an L-shaped anchor bar is provided below the embedded part; an L-shaped support is provided on the outside of the limit frame, and the limit frame is connected to the embedded part through the L-shaped support.

[0011] Furthermore, a second embedded part is provided on the inner side of the top of the sliding foundation, and a second L-shaped anchor bar is provided on the top of the second embedded part; the lower end of the column is connected to the second embedded part, and a plurality of ribs are provided on the outer periphery of the lower end of the column.

[0012] Furthermore, a cushion layer is provided between the sliding foundation and the roof.

[0013] Furthermore, the system also includes a photovoltaic panel pollution identification module; the photovoltaic panel pollution identification module is implemented using a semantic segmentation method.

[0014] The present invention also relates to a control method for the above-mentioned disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system, the method comprising:

[0015] Construct a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model;

[0016] Collect the surface image of the photovoltaic panel, use the photovoltaic panel pollution identification model to analyze the surface image of the photovoltaic panel, and determine the degree of pollution of the photovoltaic panel.

[0017] Furthermore, the establishment of a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model includes:

[0018] Construct a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model based on semantic segmentation;

[0019] Construct a training set, and use the training set to train the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model to obtain a trained photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model;

[0020] The constructing of the training set comprises:

[0021] A single photovoltaic panel was used as the test object. Dust was placed on the photovoltaic panel. A large number of pictures were taken by changing the total amount and distribution of dust. The pictures were marked to create a training set T.

[0022] The training set T is enhanced, and the images in the enhanced training set are subjected to grayscale transformation, filtering and connected domain processing to obtain the data set T. * ; Perform data augmentation by horizontally reversing, scaling, and rotating the images in the training set T to increase the number and diversity of samples in the training set.

[0023] The data set T* is randomly processed and divided into P parts. The cross-validation method is used to select one of them as the validation set in turn, and the remaining P-1 parts are used as training sets until the validation set traverses the data set T*.

[0024] Furthermore, the collecting of the photovoltaic panel surface image, analyzing the photovoltaic panel surface image using the photovoltaic panel pollution identification model, and determining the degree of photovoltaic panel pollution include:

[0025] A camera is installed on the top of the photovoltaic panel, and the camera takes pictures of the photovoltaic panel at regular intervals to obtain the surface image of the photovoltaic panel;

[0026] Preprocessing the surface image of the photovoltaic panel to obtain a data set D; the preprocessing includes grayscale transformation processing, filtering processing and connected domain processing; using the data set T* to train the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model, the training process of the model includes a weight adjustment stage; the weight adjustment stage includes: adjusting the parameters according to the deviation value of the loss function until the model converges and reaches the target prediction accuracy, specifically, using the L2 loss function and the Adam gradient descent optimizer to adjust the weight of the model until convergence, and the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model training is completed;

[0027] The photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model is used to analyze the photovoltaic panel surface images in the data set D, determine the photovoltaic panel pollution area, calculate the ratio of the photovoltaic panel pollution area to the photovoltaic panel area, and obtain the pollution ratio U. If the pollution ratio U is greater than the preset threshold, an alarm is issued to indicate that the photovoltaic panel needs cleaning and maintenance. The photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model uses the MaskRCNN model as the deep learning network architecture.

[0028] Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the present invention are:

[0029] (1) The present invention sets a damper between the limit frame and the sliding base, and sets a plurality of buffer pads on the inner wall of the limit frame. In this way, when the sliding base is displaced in the horizontal direction by external force, the damper and the buffer pad can limit and buffer the displacement of the sliding base in the horizontal direction, thereby avoiding damage caused by rigid collision between the sliding base and the limit plate during an earthquake. The present invention sets a shock absorber between the upper end of the column and the lower end of the support plate, which buffers the vertical vibration of the photovoltaic panel caused by external forces such as earthquakes, reduces the rigid damage of the support plate caused by vertical vibration, and protects the photovoltaic panel.

[0030] (2) The present invention arranges a plurality of support block units at intervals on the lower side of the photovoltaic panel. The connecting pieces in the support block units are rigidly connected to the photovoltaic panel. The connecting pieces are connected to the upper end of the top rod. The top rod is a telescopic rod. The length of the top rod is adjustable. By adjusting the length of the top rod so that each top rod has a different length, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted. By changing the angle of the photovoltaic panel, the working efficiency of the photovoltaic panel under different light angles can be effectively increased.

[0031] (3) The present invention adopts an L-shaped support member to connect the limit frame and the embedded part 2. The side of the L-shaped support member is adjacent to the limit frame through bolts, and the bottom of the L-shaped support member is connected to the embedded part 2 through bolts. The L-shaped support member and the embedded part 2 play a role in enhancing the structural stability of the limit frame. The L-shaped support member in the present invention is connected to other components through bolts, and the support block and the top rod are connected through bolts. It has good assembly performance and is easy to assemble and construct. The damper, buffer pad and shock absorber in the present invention play a role in dissipating energy in an earthquake, and are destroyed before the main structure, and can protect the main structure such as photovoltaic panels. The damper and shock absorber are easy to replace in post-disaster repair, and the construction is relatively simple. It has good repairability, which improves the durability of the photovoltaic bracket.

[0032] (4) The present invention has the ability to detect pollution on the photovoltaic panel surface, can identify the dust and sand accumulation areas on the photovoltaic panel surface and issue a timely warning, ensuring that the photovoltaic panel operates in a good operating environment. The present invention can detect the pollution on the photovoltaic panel surface, ensure the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel, and further ensure the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] Figure 1 It is a structural schematic diagram of the roof photovoltaic system in the present invention;

[0034] Figure 2 It is a flow chart of the control method of the roof photovoltaic system in the present invention.

[0035] in:

[0036] 1. Photovoltaic panel, 2. Connector, 3. Top rod, 4. Support block, 5. Support plate, 6. Bolt, 7. Shock absorber, 8. Column, 9. Rib, 10. Embedded part 1, 11. Limit frame, 12. Damper, 13. Buffer pad, 14. L-shaped support, 15. Sliding foundation, 16. Embedded part 2, 17. Pad, 18. Anchor bar 1, 19. Roof. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:

[0038] like Figure 1A disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system is shown, comprising a support assembly 1, a support assembly 2 and a photovoltaic panel 1 which are sequentially arranged above the roof; a shock absorber 7 is arranged between the support assembly 1 and the support assembly 2. The shock absorber adopts the shock absorber commonly used in the prior art. The present invention provides a shock absorber between the upper end of the column and the lower end of the support plate, so as to buffer the vertical vibration of the photovoltaic panel caused by external forces such as earthquakes, reduce the rigid damage of the support plate caused by the vertical vibration, and protect the photovoltaic panel. The roof photovoltaic system is affected by external natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons, and its structure is prone to damage, such as damage to the photovoltaic panel, falling of the photovoltaic panel, breaking of the photovoltaic bracket, etc., which seriously affects the structural safety of the roof photovoltaic system; at the same time, the roof photovoltaic system is easily affected by wind, sand and dust accumulation during long-term use, and hot spots are formed on the surface of the photovoltaic panel to damage the photovoltaic module and affect the power generation efficiency. The roof photovoltaic system has good earthquake resistance and structural stability, and can ensure the structural safety of the roof photovoltaic panels under natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. At the same time, the roof photovoltaic system can identify the sand and dust accumulation areas on the surface of the photovoltaic panels and issue timely warnings to ensure that the photovoltaic panels work in a good operating environment. The support component 1 includes a limit frame 11 installed on the top of the roof 19, a sliding base 15 embedded in the limit frame 11 and with a clearance fit with the limit frame 11, and a column 8 installed above the sliding base 15; a plurality of buffer pads 13 are provided on the inner wall of the limit frame 11. A shock absorber 7 is provided at the top of the column 8, and the upper end of the shock absorber 7 is connected to the support plate 5. The shock absorber 7 has a buffering effect on the vertical vibration of the earthquake, reducing the rigid damage of the support plate 5 caused by the vertical vibration.

[0039] Furthermore, the support assembly 2 includes a support plate 5 and a plurality of support block units installed above the support plate 5. The support block unit includes a support block 4 installed on the top of the support plate 5 and a top rod 3 installed on the top of the support block 4. The photovoltaic panel 1 is located above each support block unit, and is connected to the upper end of the top rod 3 in each support block unit through a connector 2. The upper and lower ends of the support block 4 are respectively connected to the top rod 3 and the support plate 4 by bolts 6, which has the characteristics of being assembled and is convenient for assembly and construction. The top rod 3 is a telescopic rod, and its length can be adjusted. By adjusting each top rod to different lengths, the photovoltaic panel can be tilted so that the photovoltaic panel can better utilize light. Figure 1 As shown, by adjusting the height of each top rod to rise from left to right in sequence, the photovoltaic panel located above each top rod can be tilted. The present invention arranges a plurality of support block units at intervals on the lower side of the photovoltaic panel, the connecting piece in the support block unit is rigidly connected to the photovoltaic panel, the connecting piece is connected to the upper end of the top rod, the top rod is a telescopic rod, the length of the top rod is adjustable, and by adjusting the length of the top rod, each top rod has a different length, the angle of the photovoltaic panel can be adjusted, and by changing the angle of the photovoltaic panel, the working efficiency of the photovoltaic panel under different light angles can be effectively increased.

[0040] Furthermore, the sliding base 15 is located in the space inside the limit frame 11. A damper 12 is provided between the limit frame 11 and the sliding base 15. One end of the damper is connected to the limit frame 11, and the other end is connected to the sliding base 15. The number of the damper is at least one. Preferably, the limit frame 11 is a rectangular parallelepiped frame, and openings are provided at the top and the bottom. Buffer pads and dampers are connected to the four inner walls of the limit frame. The present invention arranges a damper between the limit frame and the sliding base, and arranges a plurality of buffer pads on the inner wall of the limit frame, so that when the sliding base is displaced in the horizontal direction by an external force, the damper and the buffer pad can limit and buffer the displacement of the sliding base in the horizontal direction, thereby avoiding damage caused by rigid collision between the sliding base and the limit plate during an earthquake.

[0041] Furthermore, the roof 19 is a concrete roof, and an embedded part 10 is provided inside the roof 19, and an L-shaped anchor bar 18 is provided below the embedded part 10; an L-shaped support part 14 is provided outside the limit frame 11, and the limit frame 11 is connected to the embedded part 10 through the L-shaped support part 14. The embedded part 10 is set on the concrete roof, and the anchor bar 18 set at the lower end of the embedded part 10 is L-shaped, which is used to ensure the connection strength between the embedded part and the roof. The embedded part 10 is fixed in the concrete roof through the anchor bar 18. One side of the L-shaped support part 14 is connected to the limit frame 11 by bolts, and the bottom is connected to the embedded part 10 by bolts, which plays a role in enhancing the stability of the limit frame structure.

[0042] Furthermore, embedded part 2 16 is arranged in the sliding foundation 15 and reinforced by anchor bars. Embedded part 2 16 is arranged on the upper part of the sliding foundation 15 and the connection between embedded part 2 16 and the sliding foundation 15 is strengthened by anchor bars. The column 8 is fixed on embedded part 2 16, ensuring the rigid connection between the column 8 and the sliding foundation 15. Ribs 9 are arranged on both sides of the column 8, and the ribs 9 are connected to the column 8 and embedded part 2 16, thereby enhancing the structural stability of the column 8. The ribs 9 play a role in reinforcing the column 8.

[0043] Furthermore, a cushion layer 17 is provided between the sliding foundation 15 and the roof 19. The cushion layer 17 is installed on the top of the roof to reduce the friction between the sliding foundation and the concrete roof and protect the roof.

[0044] The present invention ensures the displacement redundancy of the bracket in the horizontal and vertical directions by arranging a sliding foundation, a limit frame, a damper and a seismic isolation support, avoids rigid damage and plays an earthquake-resistant role. At the same time, the stability of the photovoltaic panel support structure is ensured by arranging ribs, L-shaped support members and embedded members, which can greatly reduce the damage to the photovoltaic panel in an earthquake and ensure a continuous and stable working environment for the photovoltaic panel.

[0045] Furthermore, the system also includes a photovoltaic panel pollution identification module; the photovoltaic panel pollution identification module is implemented using a semantic segmentation method.

[0046] like Figure 2 As shown, the present invention also relates to a control method for the above-mentioned disaster prevention and mitigation type roof photovoltaic system, the method comprising:

[0047] Construct a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model;

[0048] Collect the surface image of the photovoltaic panel, use the photovoltaic panel pollution identification model to analyze the surface image of the photovoltaic panel, and determine the degree of pollution of the photovoltaic panel.

[0049] Furthermore, the establishment of a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model includes:

[0050] Construct a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model based on semantic segmentation;

[0051] Construct a training set, and use the training set to train the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model to obtain a trained photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model;

[0052] The constructing of the training set comprises:

[0053] A single photovoltaic panel was used as the test object. Dust was placed on the photovoltaic panel. A large number of pictures were taken by changing the total amount and distribution of dust. The pictures were marked to create a training set T.

[0054] The training set T is enhanced, and the images in the enhanced training set are subjected to grayscale transformation, filtering and connected domain processing to obtain the data set T. * ; Perform data augmentation by horizontally reversing, scaling, and rotating the images in the training set T to increase the number and diversity of samples in the training set.

[0055] The data set T* is randomly processed and divided into P parts. The cross-validation method is used to select one of them as the validation set in turn, and the remaining P-1 parts are used as training sets until the validation set traverses the data set T*.

[0056] Furthermore, the collecting of the photovoltaic panel surface image, analyzing the photovoltaic panel surface image using the photovoltaic panel pollution identification model, and determining the degree of photovoltaic panel pollution include:

[0057] A camera is installed on the top of the photovoltaic panel, and the camera takes pictures of the photovoltaic panel at regular intervals to obtain the surface image of the photovoltaic panel;

[0058] Preprocessing the surface image of the photovoltaic panel to obtain a data set D; the preprocessing includes grayscale transformation processing, filtering processing and connected domain processing; using the data set T* to train the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model, the training process of the model includes a weight adjustment stage; the weight adjustment stage includes: adjusting the parameters according to the deviation value of the loss function until the model converges and reaches the target prediction accuracy, specifically, using the L2 loss function and the Adam gradient descent optimizer to adjust the weight of the model until convergence, and the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model training is completed;

[0059] The photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model is used to analyze the photovoltaic panel surface images in the data set D, determine the photovoltaic panel pollution area, calculate the ratio of the photovoltaic panel pollution area to the photovoltaic panel area, and obtain the pollution ratio U. If the pollution ratio U is greater than the preset threshold, an alarm is issued to indicate that the photovoltaic panel needs cleaning and maintenance. The photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model uses the MaskRCNN model as the deep learning network architecture.

[0060] In summary, the present invention has good seismic resistance and structural stability, and can ensure the structural safety of roof photovoltaic panels under natural disasters such as earthquakes and typhoons. At the same time, the roof photovoltaic system can identify the wind-blown dust accumulation area on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and issue a timely warning to ensure that the photovoltaic panel works in a good operating environment. And the present invention has the ability to detect pollution on the photovoltaic panel surface, and can identify the wind-blown dust accumulation area on the surface of the photovoltaic panel and issue a timely warning to ensure that the photovoltaic panel works in a good operating environment. The present invention can detect the pollution of the photovoltaic panel surface, ensure the cleanliness of the photovoltaic panel, and then ensure the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic panel.

[0061] The above-described embodiments are merely descriptions of preferred implementations of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Without departing from the design spirit of the present invention, various modifications and improvements made to the technical solutions of the present invention by ordinary technicians in this field should all fall within the scope of protection determined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A control method for a disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system, characterized in that: The photovoltaic system comprises a support assembly 1, a support assembly 2 and a photovoltaic panel which are sequentially arranged above the roof; a shock absorber is arranged between the support assembly 1 and the support assembly 2; The support assembly 1 includes a limit frame installed on the top of the roof, a sliding base embedded in the limit frame and matched with the limit frame, and a column installed above the sliding base; a plurality of buffer pads are provided on the inner wall of the limit frame; The second support assembly includes a support plate and a plurality of support block units installed above the support plate; the support block unit includes a support block installed on the top of the support plate and a top rod installed on the top of the support block; the photovoltaic panel is located above each support block unit and is connected to the upper end of the top rod in each support block unit through a connecting piece; the top rod is a telescopic rod; A damper is provided between the limit frame and the sliding base; The roof is a concrete roof, an embedded part 1 is provided inside the roof, and an L-shaped anchor bar 1 is provided below the embedded part 1; an L-shaped support part is provided on the outer side of the limit frame, and the limit frame is connected to the embedded part 1 through the L-shaped support part; The inner side of the top of the sliding foundation is provided with an embedded part 2, and the top of the embedded part 2 is provided with an L-shaped anchor bar 2; the lower end of the column is connected to the embedded part 2, and the outer periphery of the lower end of the column is provided with a plurality of ribs; A cushion layer is provided between the sliding foundation and the roof; The system also includes a photovoltaic panel pollution identification module; the photovoltaic panel pollution identification module is implemented using a semantic segmentation method; The control method includes: Construct a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model; Collect the surface image of the photovoltaic panel, analyze the surface image of the photovoltaic panel using the photovoltaic panel pollution identification model, and determine the degree of pollution of the photovoltaic panel; The photovoltaic panel pollution identification model is constructed, including: Construct a photovoltaic panel pollution identification model based on semantic segmentation; Construct a training set, and use the training set to train the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model to obtain a trained photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model; The constructing of the training set comprises: A single photovoltaic panel was used as the test object. Dust was placed on the photovoltaic panel. A large number of pictures were taken by changing the total amount and distribution of dust. The pictures were marked to create a training set T. Perform data enhancement on the training set T, and perform grayscale transformation, filtering and connected domain processing on the images in the data-enhanced training set to obtain the data set T*; The data set T* is randomly processed and divided into P parts. The cross-validation method is used to select one of them as the validation set in turn, and the remaining P-1 parts are used as training sets until the validation set traverses the data set T*.

2. A control method for a disaster prevention and mitigation roof photovoltaic system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The collecting of the photovoltaic panel surface image, analyzing the photovoltaic panel surface image using the photovoltaic panel pollution identification model, and determining the degree of photovoltaic panel pollution include: A camera is installed on the top of the photovoltaic panel, and the camera takes pictures of the photovoltaic panel at regular intervals to obtain the surface image of the photovoltaic panel; Preprocessing the surface image of the photovoltaic panel to obtain a data set D; the preprocessing includes grayscale transformation processing, filtering processing and connected domain processing; using the data set T* to train the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model, the training process of the model includes a weight adjustment stage; the weight adjustment stage includes: adjusting the parameters according to the deviation value of the loss function until the model converges and reaches the target prediction accuracy, specifically, using the L2 loss function and the Adam gradient descent optimizer to adjust the weight of the model until convergence, and the photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model training is completed; The photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model is used to analyze the photovoltaic panel surface images in the data set D, determine the photovoltaic panel pollution area, calculate the ratio of the photovoltaic panel pollution area to the photovoltaic panel area, and obtain the pollution ratio U. If the pollution ratio U is greater than the preset threshold, an alarm is issued to prompt that the photovoltaic panel needs cleaning and maintenance. The photovoltaic panel pollution recognition model uses the Mask RCNN model as the deep learning network architecture.

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