A method for returning sugarcane leaves to fields through graded fermentation

Abstract

The present invention provides a method for returning sugarcane leaves to fields through graded fermentation, and relates to the technical field of returning sugarcane leaves to fields. The method for returning sugarcane leaves to fields through graded fermentation mainly comprises the steps of batch processing of sugarcane leaves into crushed sugarcane leaves, sugarcane leaf slurry and sugarcane leaf segments, primary fermentation of the sugarcane leaf slurry mixed with a composite bacterial agent, secondary fermentation of the crushed sugarcane leaves, and rotary tillage into the soil, and pouring sugarcane leaf slurry over the soil. The present invention overcomes the shortcomings of the prior art, can effectively improve soil fertility, effectively promote the growth and development of sugarcane, increase the yield of sugarcane, and increase the sugar content of sugarcane, and further reduce the use of fertilizers, realize the recycling of sugarcane leaves, reduce planting costs, and comprehensively improve the economic benefits of planting.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of returning sugarcane leaves to fields, and in particular to a method for returning sugarcane leaves to fields through graded fermentation. Background Art

[0002] Sugarcane is an important sugar crop, and its sugar production accounts for more than 90% of the country's total sugar production. However, a large amount of sugarcane leaf residues will be produced during sugarcane production. The use of sugarcane leaf return technology can not only improve the soil in sugarcane areas, but also help reduce environmental pollution caused by sugarcane leaf burning and promote green sugarcane production.

[0003] Returning sugarcane leaves to the field can reduce field tillage, maintain soil moisture, reduce soil erosion, improve soil fertility, increase the organic matter content of the tillage layer and soil microbial activity, inhibit weed growth, improve soil structure, avoid soil degradation, and stabilize sugarcane yield. It is an environmentally friendly sugarcane production technology. In addition, sugarcane has a long growing period, and long-term continuous cropping will consume a lot of soil nutrients. Sugarcane farmers' planting habits are to rely solely on chemical fertilizers to compensate for soil fertility, and do not apply or apply less farmyard manure, resulting in high fertilization costs, soil compaction, and soil quality in sugarcane areas deteriorating year by year, which has become a key constraint on the sustainable production of sugarcane raw materials. Therefore, it is necessary to return sugarcane leaves to the field to improve the field planting environment.

[0004] Existing technologies for returning sugarcane leaves to the fields mainly include returning sugarcane leaves to the fields by covering them, returning sugarcane leaves to the fields by mechanical crushing, returning sugarcane leaves to the fields by composting, returning sugarcane leaves to the fields by passing them through the stomach, etc. However, different methods of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields ultimately have different effects on the physical and chemical properties of the soil in the field, and the existing methods of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields mostly involve directly covering the fields with sugarcane leaves or covering the fields with them after crushing them, which has a low utilization rate of sugarcane leaves, and the fermentation and decomposition efficiency of directly covering the entire sugarcane leaves is low, and the overall planting yield increase efficiency is low, which can easily discourage farmers' enthusiasm for processing. In order to make full use of sugarcane leaves, reduce the use of fertilizers, increase soil fertilizer content, and promote sugarcane yields, it is necessary to design a method of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields. Summary of the invention

[0005] In view of the deficiencies in the prior art, the present invention provides a method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field through graded fermentation, which can effectively improve soil fertility, effectively promote the growth and development of sugarcane, increase the yield of sugarcane, and increase the sugar content of sugarcane, and further reduce the use of fertilizers, reduce planting costs, and comprehensively improve the economic benefits of planting.

[0006] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0007] A method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field through graded fermentation, the method comprising the following steps:

[0008] (1) Sugarcane leaf pretreatment: Take three batches of sugarcane leaves, directly crush the first batch of sugarcane leaves to obtain crushed sugarcane leaves for later use, add water to the second batch of sugarcane leaves and grind them into pulp to obtain sugarcane leaf pulp for later use, and segment the third batch of sugarcane leaves to obtain sugarcane leaf segments for later use;

[0009] (2) Initial fermentation of sugarcane leaves: Add the composite bacterial agent to the sugarcane leaf slurry and stir evenly, then pour it evenly on the sugarcane field, and spread a layer of sugarcane leaf segments on top of the sugarcane leaf slurry. Cover it with a film and let it ferment for 5-10 days to form a preliminary fermentation layer on the sugarcane field.

[0010] (3) Secondary fermentation of sugarcane leaves: Remove the film, and then evenly spread the crushed sugarcane leaves on the primary fermentation layer to form a mixture on the sugarcane field, and then rotary till the mixture into the soil;

[0011] (4) Upper layer covering: Take the sugarcane leaf slurry and pour it on the sugarcane field after rotary tillage to complete the graded fermentation of the sugarcane leaves and return them to the field.

[0012] Preferably, the sugarcane leaf slurry in step (1) is prepared by adding 0.8-1 times the volume of clean water to the sugarcane leaves and grinding them into slurry.

[0013] Preferably, the length of the crushed sugarcane leaves in step (1) is ≤15 cm, and the length of the obtained sugarcane leaf segments is 30-40 cm.

[0014] Preferably, the composite bacteria of the composite bacterial agent in step (2) are yeast, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum, and the mass ratio thereof is 4:2:1:1.

[0015] Preferably, the composite bacterial agent is added after activation, and the activation method is to add yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and lactic acid bacteria to 20-30 times deionized water respectively, stir evenly, and then stand at room temperature for activation for 12 hours to obtain an activation solution, and then mix each activation solution and add Trichoderma harzianum and stir evenly to obtain a composite bacterial agent.

[0016] Preferably, in step (2), the mass ratio of the sugarcane leaf slurry to the composite bacterial agent is 100:4-10.

[0017] Preferably, in step (2), the amount of sugarcane leaf slurry laid in the sugarcane field is 5000-6000 kg / hm2. 2 , and the amount of sugarcane leaf segments spread in the sugarcane field in step (2) is 500-800kg / hm 2 .

[0018] Preferably, the amount of crushed sugarcane leaves spread in step (3) is 200-400 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0019] Preferably, the depth of rotary tillage in step (3) is 20-30 cm.

[0020] Preferably, the amount of sugarcane leaf slurry used for pouring in step (4) is 2000-3000 kg / hm2. 2 .

[0021] The present invention provides a method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field through graded fermentation, which has the following advantages over the prior art:

[0022] (1) The present invention can effectively promote the fermentation of sugarcane leaves by adding water to sugarcane leaves to make a slurry, then mix the slurry with a composite bacterial agent, spread the slurry in the sugarcane field, and then cover it with a layer of sugarcane leaf segments and then cover it with a film. At the same time, the fermentation efficiency of the slurry is faster than that of the sugarcane leaf segments, so that the slurry at the bottom ferments quickly and the sugarcane leaf segments at the top ferment partially. Subsequently, the sugarcane leaves are mixed and crushed and rotary tilled under the soil layer, so that sugarcane leaves of different fermentation degrees exist under the soil layer and can continue to ferment under the soil layer, making the soil layer soft. At the same time, long-term fermentation provides continuous nutrients for the subsequent growth of sugarcane.

[0023] (2) The present invention continues to irrigate the field with sugarcane leaf slurry after rotary tillage. The bottom of the soil can be quickly fermented by adding the composite bacterial agent, while the natural fermentation efficiency of the sugarcane leaf slurry in the upper layer of the soil is relatively slow. As a whole, the fertility of the lower end of the soil layer is higher than that of the upper end during the entire planting process, thereby promoting the growth of the sugarcane root system. The slurry in the upper layer is subsequently incubated and decomposed, and the fertility components slowly penetrate downward, thereby comprehensively regulating the fertility of the soil and effectively regulating the evaporation of soil water, promoting the agglomeration of soil particles, reducing the contact between organic matter in the soil and oxygen, and reducing the direct erosion of the ground by rainwater, thereby reducing the loss of soil organic matter, maintaining soil fertility, and promoting the growth of sugarcane. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solution in the embodiments of the present invention is clearly and completely described below in combination with the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described embodiments are part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0025] And take the raw materials of embodiment and comparative example:

[0026] Yeast: Saccharomyces boulardii 20 billion CFU / g, medium peptide;

[0027] Bacillus subtilis: 20 billion CFU / g, Jinyu Chemical KY-14;

[0028] Lactic acid bacteria: 20 billion CFU / g, Youmi;

[0029] Trichoderma harzianum: 1 billion CFU / g, Lusheng.

[0030] And the preparation method of the composite bacterial agent is:

[0031] (1) preparing yeast, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum in a mass ratio of 4:2:1:1;

[0032] (2) Yeast, Bacillus subtilis, and lactic acid bacteria were added into 25 times the volume of deionized water, stirred evenly, and left to stand at room temperature for activation for 12 hours. After that, the activated solutions of each group were mixed, Trichoderma harzianum was added and stirred evenly to obtain a composite bacterial agent. Embodiment 1:

[0033] Method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field after grading and fermentation:

[0034] (1) Take three batches of sugarcane leaves, directly crush the first batch of sugarcane leaves to a length of ≤15 cm, and obtain crushed sugarcane leaves for later use; add 1 times the volume of clean water to the second batch of sugarcane leaves and grind them into pulp to obtain sugarcane leaf pulp for later use; and segment the third batch of sugarcane leaves into sugarcane leaf segments with a length of 30-40 cm for later use;

[0035] (2) Mixing sugarcane leaf slurry and composite bacterial agent at a mass ratio of 100:6 to obtain a mixed fermentation slurry, spreading the mixed fermentation slurry in the sugarcane field at a rate of 5500 kg of sugarcane leaf slurry per hectare, and spreading sugarcane leaf segments at a rate of 650 kg of sugarcane leaf segments per hectare on the mixed fermentation slurry, and then covering the top with a mulch film, and fermenting for 7 days to form a preliminary fermentation layer on the sugarcane field;

[0036] (3) Remove the film and crush the sugarcane leaves at a rate of 300 kg / hm2. 2 Evenly spread the amount of the mixture on the preliminary fermentation layer to form a mixture on the sugarcane field, and then rotary till the mixture into the soil, and the rotary tillage depth is maintained at 12-15cm;

[0037] (4) Take sugarcane leaf pulp at 2500kg / hm 2 Pour it on the sugarcane field after rotary tillage to complete the grading, fermentation and return of sugarcane leaves to the field.

[0038] Comparative Example 1:

[0039] Methods of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields:

[0040] (1) Add 1 volume of clean water to the sugarcane leaves and grind them into pulp to obtain the sugarcane leaf pulp for later use;

[0041] (2) Mixing the sugarcane leaf slurry and the composite bacterial agent in a mass ratio of 100:6 to obtain a mixed fermentation slurry, and then spreading the mixed fermentation slurry in the sugarcane field at a dosage of 9,000 kg of sugarcane leaf slurry per hectare, and then covering the top with a mulch film, and fermenting for 7 days to form a preliminary fermentation layer on the sugarcane field;

[0042] (3) Remove the film and till the preliminary fermentation layer into the soil. Keep the tillage depth at 12-15 cm to complete the graded fermentation of sugarcane leaves and return them to the field.

[0043] Comparative Example 2:

[0044] Methods of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields:

[0045] (1) Take two batches of sugarcane leaves, directly crush the first batch of sugarcane leaves into a length of ≤15 cm, and obtain crushed sugarcane leaves for later use; add 1 times the volume of clean water to the second batch of sugarcane leaves and grind them into pulp to obtain sugarcane leaf pulp for later use;

[0046] (2) Sugarcane leaf pulp is treated at 6000kg / hm 2 Evenly spread the sugarcane field, crush the sugarcane leaves at 300kg / hm 2 Evenly spread the amount of sugarcane on the sugarcane field to form a mixture, and then rotary till the mixture into the soil, keeping the rotary tillage depth at 20-30cm;

[0047] (3) Take sugarcane leaf pulp at 2500kg / hm 2 Pour it on the sugarcane field after rotary tillage to complete the grading, fermentation and return of sugarcane leaves to the field.

[0048] Comparative Example 3:

[0049] Methods of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields:

[0050] Sugarcane leaves are treated at 7000kg / hm 2 The amount is directly spread in the sugarcane field to return the sugarcane leaves to the field.

[0051] Comparative Example 4:

[0052] Methods of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields:

[0053] The sugarcane leaves are crushed to a length of ≤15cm and then crushed to 7000kg / hm 2 The amount is directly spread in the sugarcane field to return the sugarcane leaves to the field.

[0054] Field trials:

[0055] 1. The early-maturing, high-yield and high-sugar sugarcane variety Yunzhe 0551 was used as the experimental sugarcane variety. A field zoning planting experiment was carried out in Mabao area, Mile City, Honghe Hani and Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Ten planting areas were set up, including Area A, Area B1, Area B2, Area C1, Area C2, Area D1, Area D2, Area E1, Area E2, and Area F. Each planting area was 10m long, with a row spacing of 1.2m, 5 rows, and an area of ​​60m. 2 .

[0056] Test the physical and chemical properties of the field soil layer before the test (take the 0-20cm tillage layer soil for testing), including:

[0057] (1) Soil pH was measured with a water-soil ratio of 2.5:1. The soil was stirred with a magnetic stirrer for 5 minutes and then measured with a pH meter.

[0058] (2) Soil organic matter was digested using concentrated sulfuric acid-potassium dichromate method and determined using ferrous sulfate titration method;

[0059] (3) Soil alkaline nitrogen was determined using the alkaline diffusion method;

[0060] (4) Soil available phosphorus was extracted with NaHCO3 at pH 8.5 and determined by UV spectrophotometry;

[0061] (5) Soil available potassium was extracted with ammonium acetate and determined by flame spectrophotometry;

[0062] The specific results are shown in Table 1 below:

[0063] Table 1: Physical and chemical properties of soil before the experiment

[0064]

[0065] 2. Sugarcane planting test method:

[0066] The newly planted sugarcane was mechanically tilled on February 22, 2021, and sown on February 24, 2021, with a sowing rate of 90,000 buds / hm2. 2 The first fertilization (basal fertilizer) was carried out on February 24, 2021. After artificial furrowing, strip fertilization was carried out and soil was covered, and then film was covered. On June 28, 2021, topdressing was carried out, and artificial strip fertilization was combined with intertillage and soil covering. The first year of perennial root sugarcane experiment started on March 4, 2022, and basal fertilizer application and film covering were completed. On July 14, 2022, topdressing was carried out, and artificial strip fertilization was combined with intertillage and soil covering.

[0067] The base fertilizer is a mixture of compound fertilizer and calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer in a mass ratio of 1:1.12, and the topdressing fertilizer is a mixture of compound fertilizer and urea in a mass ratio of 1:0.2. The compound fertilizer is Dali brand compound fertilizer (12-5-8), the P2O5 content of the calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer is 16%, and the N content of the urea is 46%.

[0068] According to the above planting method, planting experiments were carried out in Area A, Area B1, Area B2, Area C1, Area C2, Area D1, Area D2, Area E1, Area E2 and Area F, and the sugarcane leaves were returned to the field according to Table 2 below:

[0069] Table 2: Treatment methods of returning sugarcane leaves to fields in different regions

[0070]

[0071] The amount of fertilizer applied during planting in each area is shown in Table 3 below:

[0072] Table 3 Fertilizer application amount in each area

[0073]

[0074] Other field management measures such as weeding and pest control remained consistent, and no large-scale pests and diseases, or natural disasters such as droughts and floods, occurred during the trial.

[0075] 3. Planting soil sampling (take the soil layer at 0-20cm for testing):

[0076] The first soil sampling was carried out during the harvest period of newly planted sugarcane, and soil samples were collected by the five-point method in each experimental plot (December 26, 2021). The second soil sampling was carried out during the harvest period of ratoon sugarcane, and soil samples were collected by the five-point method in each experimental plot (December 17, 2022). The test results of each soil sampling were tested, as shown in Table 4 (test average values):

[0077] Table 4: Soil test results of planting samples

[0078]

[0079] It can be seen from the above table that the method of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields in Example 1 in Area A can effectively increase the content of soil organic matter, alkaline nitrogen and available potassium, and has little effect on the content of available phosphorus. Compared with Area F, the planting in Area A reduced the use of base fertilizer and topdressing by 30% in 2021, and reduced the use of base fertilizer and topdressing by 50% in 22, but its final soil physical and chemical properties were better than those of the other groups, that is, the method of returning sugarcane leaves to the fields in Example 1 can effectively reduce the use of planting fertilizers and reduce planting costs.

[0080] 4. Sugarcane quality testing:

[0081] On February 20, 2022 and January 30, 2023, five representative plants with uniform growth and no pests and diseases were randomly selected in each plot for quality index determination. The quality indexes include sucrose content, fiber content, and juice yield. The determination method is as follows:

[0082] (1) Determination of sucrose content in sugarcane by secondary polarimetry;

[0083] (2) Determination of fiber content of sugarcane by weight method;

[0084] (3) Determine the juice yield of sugarcane by gravimetric method;

[0085] The specific results are shown in Table 5 below:

[0086] Table 5: Sugarcane quality test results

[0087]

[0088] It can be seen from the above table that the sugarcane leaf returning planting method of Example 1 adopted in Area A can effectively increase the sucrose content and brax of sugarcane, reduce the fiber content of sugarcane, and thus improve the quality of sugarcane.

[0089] The above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, rather than to limit the same. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions described in the aforementioned embodiments may still be modified, or some of the technical features may be replaced by equivalents. However, these modifications or replacements do not deviate the essence of the corresponding technical solutions from the spirit and scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation, characterized in that: The method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation comprises the following steps: (1) Pretreatment of sugarcane leaves: three batches of sugarcane leaves are taken, the first batch of sugarcane leaves are directly crushed to obtain crushed sugarcane leaves for use, the second batch of sugarcane leaves are ground into a slurry with water to obtain sugarcane leaf slurry for use, and the third batch of sugarcane leaves are segmented to obtain sugarcane leaf segments for use; the sugarcane leaf slurry is prepared by adding 0.8-1 times the volume of clean water to the sugarcane leaves and grinding them into slurry; the length of the crushed sugarcane leaves is ≤15 cm, and the length of the obtained sugarcane leaf segments is 30-40 cm; (2) Preliminary fermentation of sugarcane leaves: after adding the composite bacterial agent to the sugarcane leaf slurry, stir it evenly, then pour it evenly on the sugarcane field, and spread a layer of sugarcane leaf segments on top of the sugarcane leaf slurry, cover it with a film and let it stand for fermentation for 5-10 days to form a preliminary fermentation layer on the sugarcane field, wherein the composite bacteria of the composite bacterial agent are yeast, Bacillus subtilis, lactic acid bacteria and Trichoderma harzianum, and the mass ratio thereof is 4:2:1:1; the composite bacterial agent is added after activation, and the activation method is to add yeast, Bacillus subtilis and lactic acid bacteria to 20-30 times of deionized water respectively, stir evenly, and then let it stand at room temperature for 12 hours to obtain an activated solution, and then mix the various activated solutions and then add Trichoderma harzianum and stir evenly to obtain the composite bacterial agent; (3) Secondary fermentation of sugarcane leaves: Remove the film, and then evenly spread the crushed sugarcane leaves on the primary fermentation layer to form a mixture on the sugarcane field, and then rotary till the mixture into the soil; (4) Upper layer covering: Take the sugarcane leaf slurry and pour it on the sugarcane field after rotary tillage to complete the graded fermentation of the sugarcane leaves and return them to the field.

2. The method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In the step (2), the mass ratio of the sugarcane leaf slurry to the composite bacterial agent is 100:4-10.

3. The method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: In step (2), the amount of sugarcane leaf slurry laid in the sugarcane field is 5000-6000 kg / hm2. 2 , and the amount of sugarcane leaf segments spread in the sugarcane field in step (2) is 500-800kg / hm 2 .

4. The method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of crushed sugarcane leaves spread in step (3) is 200-400 kg / hm2. 2 .

5. The method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The depth of rotary tillage in step (3) is 20-30 cm.

6. The method for returning sugarcane leaves to the field by graded fermentation according to claim 1, characterized in that: The amount of sugarcane leaf slurry used for watering in step (4) is 2000-3000 kg / hm 2 .

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