A sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple in dry and hot valley areas

Abstract

The present invention relates to a sparse planting method of pineapple sugar-apple fruit in dry and hot valley areas, and belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation. The present invention comprises the following steps: S1, constructing a water platform land according to the topography in the dry and hot valley areas; S2, mixing sheep manure, lime and tobacco leaves in a ratio of 15-20:1:3 to improve the soil of the water platform land; S3, using seedlings to sparsely plant along the contour line in the quasi-water platform land, and timely spray irrigation; S4, in February of the second year after the survival of the seedlings, scion grafting, sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphorus, and compound fertilizer are applied 4 times in the four seasons of each year, and the young tree shape is arranged in combination with windproof measures, and a regular and full tree crown is cultivated; S5, when the seedlings begin to bear fruit, combined with soil reform fertilization, production period adjustment, artificial pollination, fruit period management, fruit bagging, fruit harvesting management and pest control are carried out in batches. The present invention greatly improves the yield and quality of pineapple sugar-apple fruit in dry and hot valley areas, and improves the slope utilization value of dry and hot valley areas.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and in particular relates to a sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple fruits in a dry and hot valley area. Background Art

[0002] Pineapple sugar apple, also known as Amotiye sugar apple, belongs to the Annonaceae family and the genus Annona, a deciduous small tree. It is an excellent variety selected through the fifth generation of hybridization. It requires a warm climate and appropriate precipitation, and is not resistant to frost and cold weather. The optimum growth temperature of pineapple sugar apple is 25-32℃ on average, and the average minimum is 15-25℃. The optimum average temperature for fruit maturity is 25-30℃. It is suitable for growing in dry and hot valley areas with irrigation conditions.

[0003] The traditional, simple and backward afforestation methods can no longer meet the current requirements of afforestation and ecological restoration in the dry and hot valley areas of the Yangtze River and Jinsha River basins. It is necessary to improve the afforestation methods, increase the scientific and technological content of scientific and technological support, increase the investment in funds, improve the unit investment standard of afforestation, and adopt comprehensive management and restoration measures combining water conservancy, forestry and agriculture to comprehensively improve the quality and effectiveness of afforestation. Comprehensively, continuously and efficiently promote the ecological protection and restoration process of the Yangtze River and Jinsha River basins, and promote the rapid, continuous and efficient development of the local economy, society and ecology. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to overcome the problems existing in the background technology, the present invention provides a sparse planting method of pineapple sugar-apple fruits in dry and hot river valley areas, which greatly improves the yield and quality of pineapple sugar-apple fruits in dry and hot river valley areas, achieves the "high input, high output" economical management and development goal of the forestry industry in dry and hot river valley areas, and enhances the utilization value of slope land in dry and hot river valley areas.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is implemented through the following technical solutions:

[0006] The sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple in dry and hot valley areas specifically comprises the following steps:

[0007] S1. In the dry and hot valley area, water terraces are built along the contour lines according to the terrain and topography on sunny and semi-sunny slopes with a slope of less than 35 degrees. Stones and debris are removed from places with high stone content, soil is added, and a water storage dam is built. Water is introduced into the water storage dam through pipes, and then into the planting land through pipes. A booster pump is installed on the pipe, and sprinkler irrigation pipes are set up in the planting land;

[0008] S2. The dry and hot valley areas are mostly distributed with purple soil and dry red soil. The soil is seriously eroded, the soil is barren, N, P, and K are almost completely lost, and there is a lack of trace elements such as magnesium and boron. It is water-scarce, dry, and barren, which is not suitable for growing pineapple and sugar apple.

[0009] Mix sheep manure, lime and tobacco leaves in a ratio of 15-20:1:3 to improve the soil on the flat land, and apply 19-24kg of fertilizer per pond;

[0010] S3. Use healthy pineapple sugar apple fruit seedlings to plant sparsely along the contour lines in the quasi-water platform. At the same time, mix water-retaining agent into the cultivation soil and cover the surface with grass. At the same time, use a self-recording thermometer and soil hygrometer to measure the air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C, sprinkler irrigation is carried out;

[0011] S4. In February of the second year after the seedlings survive, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafts survive and new leaves sprout, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves twice, with an interval of 15 days between the second and the first. After the seedlings survive, sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are used for soil reform and fertilization, once in each season, and windproof measures are taken to tidy up the young tree shape and cultivate a regular and full crown.

[0012] S5. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, use sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphorus, and compound fertilizer to fertilize the soil, once in each season, spray magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer on the leaves twice during the fruiting period, once at the beginning of fruit setting, and once during the fruit expansion period; prune the trees, adjust the production period in batches, carry out artificial pollination, fruit period management, fruit bagging, fruit harvest management, and pest and disease control;

[0013] Furthermore, in step S1, a sprinkler is set up for each seedling in the planting site, and the sprinkler is 40 cm above the ground and 8-10 cm away from the base of the seedling.

[0014] Furthermore, in step S3, the spacing between rows of sparsely planted plants is 4×4 m, 42 plants per mu.

[0015] Furthermore, the frequency of the sprinkler irrigation in step S3 is once every 3-5 days on sunny days, with a water volume of 33-55 kg / plant each time, moistening the soil by 15-35 cm.

[0016] Furthermore, the soil reform and fertilization time in step S4 and step S5 is March, June, September and December every year.

[0017] Furthermore, the soil reform and fertilization method described in step S4 and step S5 comprises the following steps:

[0018] (1) Mix crushed sheep manure, lime, crushed tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15-20:1:3:2:2;

[0019] (2) For each seedling, take 23-28 kg of the fertilizer mixed in step (1) and mix it with the soil within the projection range of the tree crown and apply fertilizer.

[0020] Furthermore, the step S4 of arranging the young tree shape in combination with wind-proof measures includes the following steps:

[0021] (1) When the height of the grafted seedlings at the wind outlet is 15-20cm, the top is cut, and the stump is 10-15cm. 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternately growing are removed to promote the budding and formation of 2-3 main branches evenly distributed from different directions. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. When the main branches are 55cm-65cm long, the top is pinched, and 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branches are removed at the same time to promote budding and shoot growth and retain 3 secondary branches evenly distributed at different angles. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. In this way, the tertiary branches, i.e., the fruiting branches, are cultivated, and the tree height is controlled at 1.35-1.45m;

[0022] (2) When the height of the grafted seedlings in the leeward location is 85-90 cm, the top is cut off, and the main trunk height is retained at 75-85 cm. 3-4 leaves in different directions and alternately growing on the middle and upper parts of the main trunk are removed to promote the budding and formation of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west and north. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing and heavy pressure. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the tree enters the peak fruit-bearing period. When the main branches are 55-60 cm long, the top is pinched and 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branches are removed at the same time to promote the budding and shoot growth and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the tree enters the peak fruit-bearing period. In this way, the tertiary branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated, and the tree height is controlled at 1.65-1.75 m.

[0023] Furthermore, the specific method of adjusting the production period in batches described in step S5 is to re-prune the main branches and secondary branches once at the end of April, mid-to-late May, mid-to-late June, early July and late July, respectively, with the cuts evenly distributed in the crown, thinning out all flowers and summer fruits, cutting off overcrowded branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches from the base, and at the same time leaving two buds on the strong short-cut branches grown on the secondary and tertiary branches in the current year, and removing the leaves on the short-cut branches to promote tip germination.

[0024] Furthermore, the artificial pollination method described in step S5 is to spray water on the tree roots and soil 1 hour before artificial pollination, increase the air humidity to 70-80%, select the temperature to be 22-28°C, carry out artificial pollination from 18:30 in the evening to 22:30 at night on sunny days, and carry out artificial pollination from 16:30 in the afternoon to 20:30 at night on cloudy days, use a soft brush to take naturally mature pollen and immediately pollinate it on the stigma of the half-opened flower, and continue pollination for about 20 days.

[0025] Further, the fruiting period management described in step S5 is to spray boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer on the leaves once during the fruiting period and the young fruiting period, and determine the number of fruits to be retained according to the growth of the fruit tree, the size of the crown and the number of fruiting branches. For fruit trees with medium growth, a crown diameter of less than 1.5m and a small number of fruiting branches, 40-80 fruits are retained per plant; for fruit trees with good growth, a crown diameter of more than 1.5m and a large number of fruiting branches, 80-180 fruits are retained per plant to ensure uniform distribution in the crown. All other overcrowded fruits, small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, and deformed fruits are thinned out.

[0026] Furthermore, the pest control method in step S5 is to alternately mix any one of carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb with any one of imidacloprid, spirotetramat and acetamiprid, and spray once a month.

[0027] Furthermore, the fruit bagging in step S5 is done 2 months after pollination when the fruit is the size of an egg. This can prevent sunburn and improve the appearance and quality of the fruit. Different batches of fruit are bagged in different colors and marked with the time of production adjustment to distinguish them, with red and yellow kraft paper bags being the most common.

[0028] Further, the fruit harvesting management described in step S5 is that under normal circumstances, about 180 days after pollination, the pineapple sugar-apple fruit surface color changes from green to yellow-green and the fruit top scales are smooth, that is, the harvesting standard is reached. At the same time, it should be determined according to the climate characteristics of the sales place and the length of transportation time. The harvesting maturity is lower when it is sold in hot places, and the harvesting maturity is higher when it is sold in cold places. A cold storage needs to be built to store and manage the harvested pineapple sugar-apple fruits and wait for sales.

[0029] Beneficial effects of the present invention:

[0030] 1. The present invention solves the problems of drought, water shortage, poor soil and barrenness in the dry and hot valley area, which are not suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple fruit, through artificial measures such as land preparation, soil improvement, fertilization, water diversion and irrigation, and provides a suitable growth environment for growing pineapple sugar-apple fruit, which plays an important role in improving the utilization value of sloping land in the dry and hot valley area.

[0031] 2. The present invention improves the soil by mixing sheep manure, lime and crushed tobacco leaves. The sheep manure contains rich organic matter and microorganisms. These microorganisms will produce organic acids in the metabolic process, which are helpful to transform trace elements in the soil, such as calcium, magnesium, sulfur, copper, zinc, iron, etc., and can also inhibit the reproduction of harmful bacteria, improve the soil microbial community structure, and enhance the immunity of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. In addition, lime neutralizes acidic substances in the soil and adjusts the pH value of the soil. The tobacco leaves contain certain trace elements, which can provide nutrients for pineapple sugar-apple fruit and have a certain antibacterial effect, thereby reducing the occurrence of pineapple sugar-apple fruit diseases. The three act synergistically to provide nutrients and a material basis for the robust growth of pineapple sugar-apple fruit.

[0032] 3. The present invention adjusts the production period in 5 batches, and the summer fruits of pineapple sugar-apple are changed into winter fruits, which are not easy to crack, have better quality, are resistant to storage, and have a higher selling price, thereby greatly improving the quality and economic benefits of pineapple sugar-apple fruits.

[0033] 4. The present invention selects the temperature, air humidity and pollination time suitable for pollination, thereby improving the fruit setting rate of pineapple sugar apple.

[0034] 5. The present invention uses a sparse planting method to leave enough nutritional space for the healthy growth of pineapple sugar-apple fruit, organizes the young tree shape and takes windproof measures to reduce the impact of southwest monsoon, terrain wind and river valley wind on the growth of pineapple sugar-apple fruit, cultivates a large crown, regular and full tree shape, and greatly increases the yield of pineapple sugar-apple fruit by increasing the yield of a single plant. According to measurements, the annual yield per mu increases by more than 87.8% compared with the traditional planting method.

[0035] 6. The method of the present invention is easy to operate, low in cost, and easy to be widely promoted and applied. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0036] Figure 1 This is a land preparation diagram of a pineapple sugar apple water platform of the present invention;

[0037] Figure 2 This is a diagram showing the young tree shape of pineapple sugar apple fruits of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 This is a diagram showing the situation of cutting the top and leaving the pile of the pineapple sugar apple air outlet of the present invention;

[0039] Figure 4 It is a diagram showing the fruiting condition of pineapple sugar apple of the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0040] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention more clear, the preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings to facilitate understanding by technicians.

[0041] Example 1

[0042] A sparse planting method of pineapple sugar-apple fruits in a dry and hot valley area specifically comprises the following steps:

[0043] S1. Build gardens in dry and hot valley areas with slopes below 35 degrees, sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes (long sunshine time, sufficient sunlight, enhanced photosynthesis of pineapple sugar apples, more accumulation of nutrients, high fruit sweetness, and rich nutrition), good ventilation conditions, and mountains with sufficient water sources. Remove stones and debris from places with high stone content, carry out soil transfer, and build water-level platforms of varying lengths, widths, and widths along contour lines according to the terrain; entrust a qualified design unit to conduct on-site surveys, planning and design , build a water storage dam, use pipes (galvanized pipes, etc., to prevent leakage) to introduce water sources into the water storage dam, and then use pipes to introduce water into the planting land, set up a booster pump, set up a sprinkler pipe, and set up a sprinkler for each seedling. The sprinkler is 40cm above the ground and 8-10cm away from the base of the seedling for sprinkler irrigation; at the same time, when the water supply is insufficient, after applying for a water permit from the relevant department in accordance with legal procedures, a pumping station is built to pump water from the Jinsha River and inject it into the water storage dam for supply, with a pumping head of 540m;

[0044] S2. Purple soil and dry red soil are mostly distributed in dry and hot valley areas. There is serious soil erosion, the soil is barren, N, P, and K are almost completely lost, and there is a lack of trace elements such as magnesium and boron. It is water-deficient, drought-prone, and barren, which is not suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple. The mineral and nutrient content of the garden soil is measured. 2-3 months before and after planting, sheep manure, lime, and tobacco leaves are mixed in a ratio of 15-20:1:3 to improve the soil. It is applied 4 times a year, and the amount per pond is 19kg. Sheep manure is slightly acidic and rich in N, P, K and a variety of trace elements. It is in line with the biological learning of pineapple sugar-apple, can adjust the soil pH, improve the soil structure, physical and chemical properties and permeability, divert water for irrigation, increase soil fertility and moisture, so that it has the corresponding planting conditions and is suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple.

[0045] S3. Use healthy pineapple sugar-apple fruit seedlings to plant sparsely along the contour line in the quasi-water platform, with a row spacing of 4×4m and 42 trees / mu, to leave enough nutrient space for the healthy growth of seedlings and increase the yield of single plants. At the same time, water retaining agent is mixed into the soil, the surface is covered with grass, and the air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden are measured using a self-recording thermometer and soil hygrometer. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C (the highest temperature in the dry and hot valley area is 45°C), according to the moisture condition of the soil and weather conditions, timely spray irrigation is carried out to keep the soil moist and prevent waterlogging. On sunny days, spray irrigation is generally carried out once every 3-5 days, and the amount of water sprayed each time is 33-55kg / plant, which increases soil moisture, improves air humidity, artificially creates a rainy day climate environment, improves the microclimate environment of the garden, improves the survival rate of seedlings, and promotes the growth and development of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. It is advisable to moisten the soil 15-35cm deep. Too much water will easily cause water waste and waterlogging; too little water will not achieve the purpose of irrigation. Each pineapple sugar apple plant needs 11kg of water per day, 4t of water per plant per year, 168t of water per mu per year, and 1,000 mu of garden needs 168,000t of water per year.

[0046] S4. In February of the second year after the seedlings survive, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar-apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafts survive, after the new leaves sprout, the leaves are sprayed with magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer twice each, with a dosage of 60-80g / time per mu, and the second time is 15 days after the first time; sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate, and compound fertilizer are applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn, and winter every year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time for fertilization is March, June, September, and December every year. The method of fertilization is: mix crushed sheep manure, lime, crushed tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15-20:1:3:2:2, take 25kg of the mixed fertilizer for each seedling and mix it with the soil within the projection range of the crown, and add various fertilizer elements required for the growth of pineapple sugar-apple in the soil, combined with irrigation, inter-cultivation and weeding. Precautions for fertilization: Potassium fertilizer should not be excessive, otherwise it will easily cause pineapple sugar-apple fruit cracking. Combine wind-proof measures to shape young trees, use methods such as pruning, cutting, pinching, and leafing to promote budding, shoot growth, and branching. Use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to reduce the impact of wind on the growth and development of fruit trees, cultivate dwarfed, evenly branched, regular, and full crowns, and promote early fruiting and high yields. The specific method is to cut the tops of grafted seedlings when they are 15-20cm tall in windy places, such as wind outlets, leave 10-15cm stumps, remove 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternate, promote budding to form 2-3 main branches evenly distributed in different directions, and use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crowns. The main branches are pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and enters the peak fruiting period. Otherwise, due to the influence of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind, it is easy to form a flag-shaped (deformed) crown that grows offset to the northeast, seriously affecting the growth and development of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, pinch off the top and remove 3 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the main branch to promote budding and shoot growth and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and it enters the peak fruit-bearing period. In this way, the tertiary branches, i.e. fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.4m. In the leeward and windy places, the grafted seedlings are topped when they are 85-90cm high, and the trunk height is retained at 80cm. Remove 3-4 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the trunk in different directions and alternately, and promote the sprouting of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west, and north. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and it enters the peak fruit-bearing period to reduce the impact of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind on the growth of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, the top is pinched off and three leaves in the middle and upper part of the main branch are removed to promote budding and shoot growth. Three secondary branches are retained at different angles and evenly distributed. Branch orientation and crown shaping are carried out by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. In this way, the third-level branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.7m.

[0047] S5. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, according to the fertility of the soil and the growth of the fruit trees, sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn and winter each year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time, quantity and type of fertilization are the same as those described in step S4; magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves twice during the fruiting period, with a dosage of 60g / time per mu, once in the early stage of fruit setting and once in the fruit expansion period, to improve the resistance of pineapple sugar-apple fruit; then the production period is adjusted in batches in combination with tree pruning, which is suitable for large-scale sugar-apple orchards. Taking a planting area of ​​1,000 mu as an example, according to the output and sales volume of pineapple sugar-apple fruit, as well as the number of management workers and pollination time, tree pruning and production period adjustment are carried out in five batches, the area of ​​each batch is controlled at 200 mu, the yield per mu is 800 kg, and the output of each batch is controlled at about 160,000 kg. Under normal circumstances, pineapple sugar apples bloom in April and ripen in August, and are summer fruits (summer fruits are prone to cracking and quality decline after harvesting, and in addition, there are plenty of fruits in summer and they cannot be sold at a high price). The specific approach to adjusting the production period in batches is to carry out pruning for the first batch at the end of April, re-prune the main branches and secondary branches, and require that the cuts be evenly distributed in the crown, thin out all flowers and summer fruits, cut off over-dense branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches from the base, and at the same time, shorten the strong branches grown in the current year on the secondary and tertiary branches to leave two buds, and remove the leaves on the shortened branches to promote tip germination. A large number of flowers can be produced in early June, and the fruits can mature at the end of November; the second batch is pruned around May 20, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of June, and the fruits can mature in mid-December; the third batch is pruned around June 20, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of July, and the fruits can mature in January of the following year; the fourth batch is pruned in early July, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of August, and the fruits can mature in February of the following year; the fifth batch is pruned in late July, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced in early September, and the fruits can mature in March of the following year. By adjusting the production period, summer fruits are changed into winter fruits, which have better quality and are more durable in storage. Then artificial pollination is carried out. The artificial pollination fruit setting rate of pineapple sugar apples is closely related to air humidity and temperature. The air humidity is 70-80% and the temperature is 22-28℃. The fruit setting rate is the highest. Therefore, the roots and soil should be sprayed with water 1 hour before artificial pollination to increase the air humidity. The temperature is determined according to the weather conditions and the selected time period. On sunny days, artificial pollination is carried out from 18:30 to 22:30 at night; on cloudy days, artificial pollination is carried out from 16:30 to 20:30 at night. Use a soft brush to take naturally mature pollen and immediately pollinate it on the stigma of the half-opened flowers, and continue pollination for about 20 days. Then carry out fruit management, spray boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer on the leaves once during the fruit setting period and the young fruit period, and determine the number of fruits to be retained according to the growth of the fruit tree, the size of the crown and the number of fruiting branches.For fruit trees with medium growth, crown diameter less than 1.5m, and fewer fruiting branches, leave 40-80 fruits per plant; for fruit trees with good growth, crown diameter more than 1.5m, and more fruiting branches, leave 80-180 fruits per plant to ensure even distribution in the crown. All other overcrowded fruits, small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, and deformed fruits are all removed. Then carry out disease and pest control, use low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides to control pineapple sugar apple leaf spot, root rot, fruit rot, scale insects, etc., control once a month, and have drug resistance. The specific method is to mix any one of carbendazim (fungicide), methyl thiophanate (fungicide) and mancozeb (fungicide) with any one of imidacloprid (insecticide), spirotetramat (insecticide) and acetamiprid (insecticide) and use them alternately, spraying once a month for better control effect. At the same time, the soil in the dry and hot valley area is generally lacking in potassium, magnesium and boron, which is prone to physiological diseases of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. For example, if potassium and magnesium are lacking, the leaves will turn yellow and wither, and if boron is lacking, the leaves will turn yellow and wrinkled, the fruit will be deformed, stunted and grow slowly. Attention should be paid to observation and potassium, magnesium and boron should be sprayed in time for prevention and control, but excessive potassium fertilizer can easily cause fruit cracking. Then the fruit is bagged. After 2 months of pollination, the fruit is bagged when it is the size of an egg. It can prevent sunburn and improve the appearance and quality of the fruit. Different batches of fruits are distinguished by bags of different colors and marked with the time of production adjustment. Red and yellow kraft paper bags are mostly used; then the fruit is harvested and managed. Under normal circumstances, about 180 days after pollination, the color of the pineapple sugar-apple fruit surface changes from green to yellow-green and the top scales of the fruit are smooth, which means that the harvest standard is reached. At the same time, it should be determined according to the climate characteristics of the sales area and the length of transportation time. The harvest maturity is lower when it is sold to hot places, and higher when it is sold to cold places. It is necessary to build a cold storage to store and manage the harvested pineapple sugar apples while waiting for sale.

[0048] Example 2

[0049] A sparse planting method of pineapple sugar-apple fruits in a dry and hot valley area specifically comprises the following steps:

[0050] S1. Build gardens in dry and hot valley areas with slopes below 35 degrees, sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes (long sunshine time, sufficient sunlight, enhanced photosynthesis of pineapple sugar apples, more accumulation of nutrients, high fruit sweetness, and rich nutrition), good ventilation conditions, and mountains with sufficient water sources. Remove stones and debris from places with high stone content, carry out soil transfer, and build water-level platforms of varying lengths, widths, and widths along contour lines according to the terrain; entrust a qualified design unit to conduct on-site surveys, planning and design , build a water storage dam, use pipes (galvanized pipes, etc., to prevent leakage) to introduce water into the water storage dam, and then use pipes to introduce water into the planting area, set up a booster pump, set up sprinkler pipes, and set up one sprinkler for each seedling. The sprinkler is 40cm above the ground and 8-10cm away from the base of the seedling for sprinkler irrigation; at the same time, when the water supply is insufficient, after applying for a water permit from the relevant departments according to legal procedures, build a pumping station to pump water from the Jinsha River and inject it into the water storage dam for supply, with a pumping head of 540m.

[0051] S2. Measure the mineral and nutrient content of the garden soil, and use nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve the soil 2-3 months before planting and after planting, 4 times a year.

[0052] S3. Use healthy pineapple sugar-apple fruit seedlings to plant sparsely along the contour line in the quasi-water platform, with a row spacing of 4×4m and 42 trees / mu, to leave enough nutrient space for the healthy growth of seedlings and increase the yield of single plant. At the same time, water retaining agent is mixed into the soil, the surface is covered with grass, and the air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden are measured using a self-recording thermometer and soil hygrometer. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C (the highest temperature in the dry and hot valley area is 45°C), sprinkle irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture condition and weather conditions. Sprinkle irrigation once every 3-5 days on sunny days, with a water spray volume of 33-55kg / plant each time, to increase soil moisture, increase air humidity, artificially create a rainy day climate environment, improve the microclimate environment of the garden, increase the survival rate of seedlings, and promote the growth and development of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. It is advisable to moisten the soil to a depth of 15-35cm. Too much water can easily cause a waste of water resources and waterlogging in the soil; too little water can fail to achieve the purpose of irrigation.

[0053] S4. In February of the second year after the seedlings survive, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar-apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafts survive and new leaves sprout, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves twice, with a dosage of 60-80g / time per mu, and the second time is 15 days after the first time; nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied four times in spring, summer, autumn, and winter every year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the fertilization time is March, June, September, and December every year to supplement the various fertilizer elements required for the growth of pineapple sugar-apple in the soil, combined with irrigation, inter-cultivation and weeding. Combined with windproof measures to organize the shape of young trees, use the methods of pruning, cutting, pinching, and leafing to promote germination, shoot extraction, and branching. Use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to reduce the impact of wind on the growth and development of fruit trees, cultivate dwarfed, evenly branched, regular, and full crowns, and promote early fruiting and high yields. The specific method is to cut the top of the grafted seedlings when they are 15-20cm tall in windy places, leaving 10-15cm stakes, remove 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternately, promote budding to form 2-3 main branches evenly distributed from different directions, and use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and enters the peak fruit-bearing period. Otherwise, due to the influence of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind, it is easy to form a flag-shaped (deformed) crown that grows offset to the northeast, which seriously affects the growth and development of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, pinch the top, and remove 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branch at the same time, promote budding and shoot, and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and enters the peak fruit-bearing period. In this way, the third-level branches, i.e. fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.4m. In the leeward and windless places, the grafted seedlings are topped when they are 85-90cm tall, and the trunk height is kept at 80cm. 3-4 leaves in different directions and alternately growing in the middle and upper parts of the trunk are removed to promote the sprouting of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west and north. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached to reduce the impact of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind on the growth of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, the top is pinched, and 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branch are removed at the same time to promote the sprouting and shoot and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. In this way, the third-level branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.7m.

[0054] S5. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, according to the fertility of the soil and the growth of the fruit trees, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn and winter each year in combination with soil reform, once in each season, and the time, quantity and type of fertilization are the same as those described in step S4; magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves twice during the fruiting period, with a dosage of 60g / time per mu, once in the early stage of fruit setting and once in the fruit expansion period, to improve the resistance of pineapple sugar-apple fruit; then the production period is adjusted in batches in combination with tree pruning, which is suitable for large-scale sugar-apple orchards. Taking a planting area of ​​1,000 mu as an example, according to the output and sales volume of pineapple sugar-apple fruit, as well as the number of management workers and pollination time, tree pruning and production period adjustment are carried out in five batches, the area of ​​each batch is controlled at 200 mu, the yield per mu is 800 kg, and the output of each batch is controlled at about 160,000 kg. Under normal circumstances, pineapple sugar apples bloom in April and ripen in August, and are summer fruits (summer fruits are prone to cracking and quality decline after harvesting, and in addition, there are plenty of fruits in summer and they cannot be sold at a high price). The specific approach to adjusting the production period in batches is to carry out pruning for the first batch at the end of April, re-prune the main branches and secondary branches, and require that the cuts be evenly distributed in the crown, thin out all flowers and summer fruits, cut off over-dense branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches from the base, and at the same time, shorten the strong branches grown in the current year on the secondary and tertiary branches to leave two buds, and remove the leaves on the shortened branches to promote tip germination. A large number of flowers can be produced in early June, and the fruits can mature at the end of November; the second batch is pruned around May 20, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of June, and the fruits can mature in mid-December; the third batch is pruned around June 20, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of July, and the fruits can mature in January of the following year; the fourth batch is pruned in early July, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of August, and the fruits can mature in February of the following year; the fifth batch is pruned in late July, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced in early September, and the fruits can mature in March of the following year. By adjusting the production period, summer fruits are changed into winter fruits, which have better quality and are more durable in storage. Then artificial pollination is carried out. The artificial pollination fruit setting rate of pineapple sugar apples is closely related to air humidity and temperature. The air humidity is 70-80% and the temperature is 22-28℃. The fruit setting rate is the highest. Therefore, the roots and soil should be sprayed with water 1 hour before artificial pollination to increase the air humidity. The temperature is determined according to the weather conditions and the selected time period. On sunny days, artificial pollination is carried out from 18:30 to 22:30 at night; on cloudy days, artificial pollination is carried out from 16:30 to 20:30 at night. Use a soft brush to take naturally mature pollen and immediately pollinate it on the stigma of the half-opened flowers, and continue pollination for about 20 days. Then carry out fruit management, spray boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer on the leaves once during the fruit setting period and the young fruit period, and determine the number of fruits to be retained according to the growth of the fruit tree, the size of the crown and the number of fruiting branches. For fruit trees with medium growth, crown diameter less than 1.5m, and fewer fruiting branches, leave 40-80 fruits on each plant; for fruit trees with good growth, crown diameter more than 1.5m, and more fruiting branches, leave 80-180 fruits on each plant to ensure even distribution in the crown.The remaining overcrowded fruits, small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, and deformed fruits are all removed. Then carry out pest control, use low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides to control pineapple sugar-apple leaf spot, root rot, fruit rot, scale insects, etc., control once a month, and have drug resistance. The specific method is to mix any one of carbendazim (fungicide), methyl thiophanate (fungicide) and mancozeb (fungicide) with any one of imidacloprid (insecticide), spirotetramat (insecticide) and acetamiprid (insecticide) and use them alternately, spray once a month, and the control effect is better. At the same time, the soil in the dry and hot valley area is generally deficient in potassium, magnesium, and boron, which is prone to physiological diseases of pineapple sugar-apple. For example, if potassium and magnesium are deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wither, and if boron is deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wrinkled, the fruit will be deformed, stunted, and grow slowly. It should be observed and potassium, magnesium, and boron should be sprayed in time for prevention and control, but excessive potassium fertilizer can easily cause fruit cracking. Then the fruit is bagged. Two months after pollination, the fruit is bagged when it is the size of an egg. This can prevent sunburn and improve the appearance and quality of the fruit. Different batches of fruit are distinguished by bags of different colors and marked with the time of production adjustment. Red and yellow kraft paper bags are mostly used. Then the fruit is harvested and managed. Generally, about 180 days after pollination, the color of the pineapple sugar-apple fruit surface changes from green to yellow-green and the top scales of the fruit are smooth, which means that the harvesting standard is reached. At the same time, it should be determined according to the climate characteristics of the sales area and the length of transportation time. The maturity of the fruit sold in hot places is lower, and the maturity of the fruit sold in cold places is higher. A cold storage needs to be built to store and manage the harvested pineapple sugar-apple fruit and wait for sales.

[0055] Example 3

[0056] A sparse planting method of pineapple sugar-apple fruits in a dry and hot valley area specifically comprises the following steps:

[0057] S1. Build gardens in dry and hot valley areas with slopes below 35 degrees, sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes (long sunshine time, sufficient sunlight, enhanced photosynthesis of pineapple sugar apples, more accumulation of nutrients, high fruit sweetness, and rich nutrition), good ventilation conditions, and mountains with sufficient water sources. Remove stones and debris from places with high stone content, carry out soil transfer, and build water-level platforms of varying lengths, widths, and widths along contour lines according to the terrain; entrust a qualified design unit to conduct on-site surveys, planning and design , build a water storage dam, use pipes (galvanized pipes, etc., to prevent leakage) to introduce water sources into the water storage dam, and then use pipes to introduce water into the planting land, set up a booster pump, set up a sprinkler pipe, and set up a sprinkler for each seedling. The sprinkler is 40cm above the ground and 8-10cm away from the base of the seedling for sprinkler irrigation; at the same time, when the water supply is insufficient, after applying for a water permit from the relevant department in accordance with legal procedures, a pumping station is built to pump water from the Jinsha River and inject it into the water storage dam for supply, with a pumping head of 540m;

[0058] S2. Purple soil and dry red soil are mostly distributed in dry and hot valley areas. There is serious soil erosion, the soil is barren, N, P, and K are almost completely lost, and there is a lack of trace elements such as magnesium and boron. It is water-deficient, drought-prone, and barren, which is not suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple. The mineral and nutrient content of the garden soil is measured. 2-3 months before and after planting, sheep manure, lime, and tobacco leaves are mixed in a ratio of 15-20:1:3 to improve the soil. It is applied 4 times a year, and the amount per pond is 19kg. Sheep manure is slightly acidic and rich in N, P, K and a variety of trace elements. It is in line with the biological learning of pineapple sugar-apple, can adjust the soil pH, improve the soil structure, physical and chemical properties and permeability, divert water for irrigation, increase soil fertility and moisture, so that it has the corresponding planting conditions and is suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple.

[0059] S3. Use healthy pineapple sugar-apple fruit seedlings to plant sparsely along the contour line in the quasi-water platform, with a row spacing of 4×4m and 42 trees / mu, to leave enough nutrient space for the healthy growth of seedlings and increase the yield of single plant. At the same time, water retaining agent is mixed into the soil, the surface is covered with grass, and the air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden are measured using a self-recording thermometer and soil hygrometer. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C (the highest temperature in the dry and hot valley area is 45°C), sprinkle irrigation is carried out in time according to the soil moisture condition and weather conditions. Sprinkle irrigation once every 3-5 days on sunny days, with a water spray volume of 33-55kg / plant each time, to increase soil moisture, increase air humidity, artificially create a rainy day climate environment, improve the microclimate environment of the garden, increase the survival rate of seedlings, and promote the growth and development of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. It is advisable to moisten the soil to a depth of 15-35cm. Too much water can easily cause a waste of water resources and waterlogging in the soil; too little water can fail to achieve the purpose of irrigation.

[0060] S4. In February of the second year after the survival of the seedlings, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar-apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafting survives, after the new leaves sprout, the leaves are sprayed with magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and potassium fertilizer twice each, with a dosage of 60-80g / time per mu, and the second time is 15 days after the first time; in spring, summer, autumn and winter each year, sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are applied four times in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time for fertilization is March, June, September and December each year. The method of fertilization is: crushed sheep manure, lime, crushed tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 15-20:1:3:2:2, and 25kg of the mixed fertilizer is taken for each seedling and mixed with the soil within the projection range of the crown to supplement the various fertilizer elements required for the growth of pineapple sugar-apple in the soil, combined with irrigation, inter-tillage and weeding. Combine wind-proof measures to shape young trees, use methods such as pruning, cutting, pinching, and leafing to promote budding, shoot growth, and branching. Use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to reduce the impact of wind on the growth and development of fruit trees, cultivate dwarfed, evenly branched, regular, and full crowns, and promote early fruiting and high yields. The specific method is to cut the tops of grafted seedlings when they are 15-20cm tall in windy places, such as wind outlets, leave 10-15cm stumps, remove 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternate, promote budding to form 2-3 main branches evenly distributed in different directions, and use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crowns. The main branches are pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and enters the peak fruiting period. Otherwise, due to the influence of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind, it is easy to form a flag-shaped (deformed) crown that grows offset to the northeast, seriously affecting the growth and development of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, pinch off the top and remove 3 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the main branch to promote germination and shoot growth and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and it enters the peak fruit-bearing period. In this way, the tertiary branches, i.e. fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.4m. In the leeward and windy places, the grafted seedlings are topped when they are 85-90cm high, and the trunk height is retained at 80cm. Remove 3-4 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the trunk in different directions and alternately, promote the germination of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west, and north. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and it enters the peak fruit-bearing period to reduce the impact of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind on the growth of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, the top is pinched off and three leaves in the middle and upper part of the main branch are removed to promote budding and shoot growth. Three secondary branches are retained at different angles and evenly distributed. Branch orientation and crown shaping are carried out by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. In this way, the third-level branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.7m.

[0061] S5, when the seedlings begin to bear fruit, according to the fertility of the soil and the growth of the fruit trees, sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphorus, and compound fertilizer are applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn, and winter every year in combination with land reform, 1 time in each season, and the time, quantity, and type of fertilization are the same as described in step S4; magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves during the fruiting period 2 times, 60g / time per mu, 1 time in the early stage of fruit setting, and 1 time during the fruit expansion period to improve the resistance of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. Pineapple sugar-apple fruit blooms in April and ripens in August, which is summer fruit. Then artificial pollination is carried out. The artificial pollination fruit setting rate of pineapple sugar-apple fruit is closely related to air humidity and temperature. The air humidity is 70-80%, and the temperature is 22-28℃. The fruit setting rate is the highest. Therefore, the roots and soil should be sprayed with water 1 hour before artificial pollination to increase air humidity. The temperature is determined according to weather conditions and the selected time period. On sunny days, artificial pollination is carried out from 18:30 to 22:30 at night; on cloudy days, artificial pollination is carried out from 16:30 to 20:30 at night. Use a soft brush to take naturally mature pollen and immediately pollinate it on the stigma of the half-opened flowers, and continue pollination for about 20 days. Then carry out fruit management, spray boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer on the leaves once during the fruit setting period and the young fruit period, and determine the number of fruits to be retained based on the growth of the fruit trees, the size of the crown and the number of fruiting branches. For fruit trees with medium growth, a crown diameter of less than 1.5m, and a small number of fruiting branches, 40-80 fruits are retained per plant; for fruit trees with good growth, a crown diameter of more than 1.5m, and a large number of fruiting branches, 80-180 fruits are retained per plant to ensure uniform distribution in the crown. All other overcrowded fruits, small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, and deformed fruits are all thinned out. Then carry out pest control, use low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides to control pineapple sugar-apple leaf spot, root rot, fruit rot, scale insects, etc., control once a month, and have drug resistance. The specific method is to mix and use any one of carbendazim (fungicide), methyl thiophanate (fungicide) and mancozeb (fungicide) with any one of imidacloprid (insecticide), spirotetramat (insecticide) and acetamiprid (insecticide) alternately, spray once a month, and the control effect is better. At the same time, the soil in the dry and hot valley area is generally deficient in potassium, magnesium, and boron, which is prone to physiological diseases of pineapple sugar-apple. For example, if potassium and magnesium are deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wither, and if boron is deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wrinkled, the fruit will be deformed, stunted, and grow slowly. It should be observed and sprayed with potassium, magnesium, and boron in time for prevention and control, but excessive potassium fertilizer can easily cause cracked fruit. Then bag the fruit. After 2 months of pollination, bag the fruit when it is the size of an egg. It can prevent sunburn and improve the appearance and quality of the fruit. Then carry out fruit harvesting management. Generally, about 180 days after pollination, when the color of the pineapple sugar-apple fruit surface changes from green to yellow-green and the scales on the top of the fruit are smooth, it reaches the harvesting standard. At the same time, it should be determined according to the climate characteristics of the sales area and the length of transportation time. The maturity of the harvest in hot places is lower, and the maturity of the harvest in cold places is higher. A cold storage needs to be built to store and manage the harvested pineapple sugar-apple fruit and wait for sales.

[0062] Example 4

[0063] S1. Build gardens in dry and hot valley areas with slopes below 35 degrees, sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes (long sunshine time, sufficient sunlight, enhanced photosynthesis of pineapple sugar apples, more accumulation of nutrients, high fruit sweetness, and rich nutrition), good ventilation conditions, and mountains with sufficient water sources. Remove stones and debris from places with high stone content, carry out soil transfer, and build water-level platforms of varying lengths, widths, and widths along contour lines according to the terrain; entrust a qualified design unit to conduct on-site surveys, planning and design , build a water storage dam, use pipes (galvanized pipes, etc., to prevent leakage) to introduce water sources into the water storage dam, and then use pipes to introduce water into the planting land, set up a booster pump, set up a sprinkler pipe, and set up a sprinkler for each seedling. The sprinkler is 40cm above the ground and 8-10cm away from the base of the seedling for sprinkler irrigation; at the same time, when the water supply is insufficient, after applying for a water permit from the relevant department in accordance with legal procedures, a pumping station is built to pump water from the Jinsha River and inject it into the water storage dam for supply, with a pumping head of 540m;

[0064] S2. Purple soil and dry red soil are mostly distributed in dry and hot valley areas. There is serious soil erosion, the soil is barren, N, P, and K are almost completely lost, and there is a lack of trace elements such as magnesium and boron. It is water-deficient, drought-prone, and barren, which is not suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple. The mineral and nutrient content of the garden soil is measured. 2-3 months before and after planting, sheep manure, lime, and tobacco leaves are mixed in a ratio of 15-20:1:3 to improve the soil. It is applied 4 times a year, and the amount per pond is 19kg. Sheep manure is slightly acidic and rich in N, P, K and a variety of trace elements. It is in line with the biological learning of pineapple sugar-apple, can adjust the soil pH, improve the soil structure, physical and chemical properties and permeability, divert water for irrigation, increase soil fertility and moisture, so that it has the corresponding planting conditions and is suitable for growing pineapple sugar-apple.

[0065] S3. Use healthy pineapple sugar-apple fruit seedlings to plant sparsely along the contour line in the quasi-water platform, with a row spacing of 4×4m and 42 trees / mu, to leave enough nutrient space for the healthy growth of seedlings and increase the yield of single plants. At the same time, water retaining agent is mixed into the soil, the surface is covered with grass, and the air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden are measured using a self-recording thermometer and soil hygrometer. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C (the highest temperature in the dry and hot valley area is 45°C), according to the moisture condition of the soil and weather conditions, timely spray irrigation is carried out to keep the soil moist and prevent waterlogging. On sunny days, spray irrigation is generally carried out once every 3-5 days, and the amount of water sprayed each time is 33-55kg / plant, which increases soil moisture, improves air humidity, artificially creates a rainy day climate environment, improves the microclimate environment of the garden, improves the survival rate of seedlings, and promotes the growth and development of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. It is advisable to moisten the soil 15-35cm deep. Too much water will easily cause water waste and waterlogging; too little water will not achieve the purpose of irrigation. Each pineapple sugar apple plant needs 11kg of water per day, 4t of water per plant per year, 168t of water per mu per year, and 1,000 mu of garden needs 168,000t of water per year.

[0066] S4. In February of the second year after the seedlings survive, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar-apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafts survive, after the new leaves sprout, the leaves are sprayed with magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer, and potassium fertilizer twice each, with a dosage of 60-80g / time per mu, and the second time is 15 days after the first time; sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate, and compound fertilizer are applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn, and winter every year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time for fertilization is: March, June, September, and December every year. The method of fertilization is: mix crushed sheep manure, lime, crushed tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15-20:1:3:2:2, take 25kg of the mixed fertilizer for each seedling and mix it with the soil within the projection range of the crown, and add various fertilizer elements required for the growth of pineapple sugar-apple in the soil, combined with irrigation, inter-cultivation and weeding. Precautions for fertilization: Potassium fertilizer should not be excessive, otherwise it will easily cause pineapple sugar-apple fruit cracking. Combine wind-proof measures to shape young trees, use methods such as pruning, cutting, pinching, and leafing to promote budding, shoot growth, and branching. Use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to reduce the impact of wind on the growth and development of fruit trees, cultivate dwarfed, evenly branched, regular, and full crowns, and promote early fruiting and high yields. The specific method is to cut the tops of grafted seedlings when they are 15-20cm tall in windy places, such as wind outlets, leave 10-15cm stumps, remove 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternate, promote budding to form 2-3 main branches evenly distributed in different directions, and use fiber pulling, fixation, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crowns. The main branches are pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and enters the peak fruiting period. Otherwise, due to the influence of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind, it is easy to form a flag-shaped (deformed) crown that grows offset to the northeast, seriously affecting the growth and development of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, pinch off the top and remove 3 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the main branch to promote germination and shoot growth and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and it enters the peak fruit-bearing period. In this way, the tertiary branches, i.e. fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.4m. In the leeward and windy places, the grafted seedlings are topped when they are 85-90cm high, and the trunk height is retained at 80cm. Remove 3-4 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the trunk in different directions and alternately, promote the germination of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west, and north. Use methods such as fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crown. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and it enters the peak fruit-bearing period to reduce the impact of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind on the growth of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, the top is pinched off and three leaves in the middle and upper part of the main branch are removed to promote budding and shoot growth. Three secondary branches are retained at different angles and evenly distributed. Branch orientation and crown shaping are carried out by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. In this way, the third-level branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.7m.

[0067] S5. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, according to the fertility of the soil and the growth of the fruit trees, sheep manure, lime, tobacco leaves, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn and winter each year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time, quantity and type of fertilization are the same as those described in step S4; magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves twice during the fruiting period, with a dosage of 60g / time per mu, once in the early stage of fruit setting and once in the fruit expansion period, to improve the resistance of pineapple sugar-apple fruit; then the production period is adjusted in batches in combination with tree pruning, which is suitable for large-scale sugar-apple orchards. Taking a planting area of ​​1,000 mu as an example, according to the output and sales volume of pineapple sugar-apple fruit, as well as the number of management workers and pollination time, tree pruning and production period adjustment are carried out in five batches, the area of ​​each batch is controlled at 200 mu, the yield per mu is 800 kg, and the output of each batch is controlled at about 160,000 kg. Under normal circumstances, pineapple sugar apples bloom in April and ripen in August, and are summer fruits (summer fruits are prone to cracking and quality decline after harvesting, and in addition, there are plenty of fruits in summer and they cannot be sold at a high price). The specific approach to adjusting the production period in batches is to carry out pruning for the first batch at the end of April, re-prune the main branches and secondary branches, and require that the cuts be evenly distributed in the crown, thin out all flowers and summer fruits, cut off over-dense branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches from the base, and at the same time, shorten the strong branches grown in the current year on the secondary and tertiary branches to leave two buds, and remove the leaves on the shortened branches to promote tip germination. A large number of flowers can be produced in early June, and the fruits can mature at the end of November; the second batch is pruned around May 20, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of June, and the fruits can mature in mid-December; the third batch is pruned around June 20, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of July, and the fruits can mature in January of the following year; the fourth batch is pruned in early July, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced at the end of August, and the fruits can mature in February of the following year; the fifth batch is pruned in late July, and the measures are the same as those for the first batch. A large number of flowers can be produced in early September, and the fruits can mature in March of the following year. By adjusting the production period, summer fruits are changed into winter fruits, which have better quality and are more durable in storage; then artificial pollination is carried out from 8:00 am to 16:00 pm. Then the fruit period management is carried out, and boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves once during the fruit setting period and the young fruit period, and the number of fruits to be retained is determined according to the growth of the fruit tree, the size of the crown and the number of fruiting branches. For fruit trees with medium growth, a crown diameter of less than 1.5m, and a small number of fruiting branches, 40-80 fruits are retained per plant; for fruit trees with good growth, a crown diameter of more than 1.5m, and a large number of fruiting branches, 80-180 fruits are retained per plant to ensure uniform distribution in the crown. All other overcrowded fruits, small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, and deformed fruits are all thinned out. Then pest and disease control is carried out, and low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides are used to control pineapple sugar apple leaf spot, root rot, fruit rot, scale insects, etc., once a month, and there is drug resistance.The specific method is to mix and alternate any one of carbendazim (fungicide), thiophanate-methyl (fungicide) and mancozeb (fungicide) with any one of imidacloprid (insecticide), spirotetramat (insecticide) and acetamiprid (insecticide) and spray once a month for better control effect. At the same time, the soil in the dry and hot valley area is generally deficient in potassium, magnesium and boron, which is prone to physiological diseases of pineapple sugar apples. For example, if potassium and magnesium are deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wither. If boron is deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wrinkled, and the fruits will be deformed, stunted and grow slowly. We should pay attention to observation and spray potassium, magnesium and boron for prevention and control in time, but excessive potassium fertilizer can easily cause cracked fruits. Then bag the fruits. Bag the fruits when they are the size of eggs 2 months after pollination. It can prevent sunburn and improve the appearance and quality of the fruits. Different batches of fruits are put in bags of different colors and marked with the time of production adjustment to distinguish them. Red and yellow kraft paper bags are mostly used. Then the fruit is harvested and managed. About 180 days after pollination, the color of the pineapple sugar-apple fruit surface changes from green to yellow-green and the top scales of the fruit are smooth, which means that the harvest standard is reached. At the same time, it should be determined according to the climate characteristics of the sales area and the length of transportation time. The maturity of the harvest sold in hot places is lower, and the maturity of the harvest sold in cold places is higher. A cold storage needs to be built to store and manage the harvested pineapple sugar-apple fruits and wait for sales.

[0068] Example 5

[0069] S1. Build gardens in dry and hot valley areas with slopes below 35 degrees, sunny slopes, semi-sunny slopes (long sunshine time, sufficient sunlight, enhanced photosynthesis of pineapple sugar apples, more accumulation of nutrients, high fruit sweetness, and rich nutrition), good ventilation conditions, and mountains with sufficient water sources. Remove stones and debris from places with high stone content, carry out soil transfer, and build water-level platforms of varying lengths, widths, and widths along contour lines according to the terrain; entrust a qualified design unit to conduct on-site surveys, planning and design , build a water storage dam, use pipes (galvanized pipes, etc., to prevent leakage) to introduce water sources into the water storage dam, and then use pipes to introduce water into the planting land, set up a booster pump, set up a sprinkler pipe, and set up a sprinkler for each seedling. The sprinkler is 40cm above the ground and 8-10cm away from the base of the seedling for sprinkler irrigation; at the same time, when the water supply is insufficient, after applying for a water permit from the relevant department in accordance with legal procedures, a pumping station is built to pump water from the Jinsha River and inject it into the water storage dam for supply, with a pumping head of 540m;

[0070] S2. Measure the mineral and nutrient content of the garden soil, apply organic fertilizer to improve the soil 2-3 months before planting and after planting, and apply 4 times a year.

[0071] S3, adopt the pineapple sugar-apple fruit seedlings with strong growth to be cultivated along the contour line in the quasi-water platform. At the same time, water-retaining agent is mixed into the soil, and the surface is covered with grass. The air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden are measured by a self-recording thermometer and a soil hygrometer. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C (the highest temperature in the dry and hot valley area is 45°C), according to the moisture condition of the soil and the weather conditions, timely spray irrigation is carried out to keep the soil moist, and waterlogging cannot be formed. Spray irrigation is generally carried out once every 3-5 days on sunny days, and the amount of water sprayed each time is 33-55kg / plant, which increases soil moisture, improves air humidity, artificially creates the climate environment of rainy days, improves the microclimate environment of the garden, improves the survival rate of seedlings, and promotes the growth and development of pineapple sugar-apple fruit. It is advisable to moisten the soil with a depth of 15-35cm. Too much water is easy to cause waste of water resources, and waterlogging forms in the soil; too little water can not achieve the purpose of irrigation.

[0072] S4. In February of the second year after the seedlings survive, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafting survives, organic fertilizer is applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn and winter every year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time for fertilization is March, June, September and December every year. In combination with windproof measures, the young tree shape is tidied, and the methods of cutting the top, cutting the trunk, pinching the heart and picking the leaves are adopted to promote budding, pulling the shoots and branching. The methods of fiber guidance, fixation and heavy pressure are used to reduce the impact of wind on the growth and development of fruit trees, cultivate dwarfing, uniformly branched, regular and full crowns, and promote early fruiting and high yields. The specific method is to cut the top when the grafted seedlings are 15-20cm high in windy places, such as wind outlets, leave 10-15cm stakes, remove 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternately, promote the budding to form 2-3 main branches evenly distributed from different directions, and use fiber guidance, fixation and heavy pressure to orient branches and shape the crowns. The main branches are guided and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period begins. Otherwise, due to the influence of the southwest monsoon, terrain winds, and valley winds, it is easy to form a flag-shaped (deformed) crown that grows offset to the northeast, which seriously affects the growth and development of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60 cm long, the top is pinched off, and at the same time, 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branch are removed to promote germination and retain 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. Use methods such as guiding, fixing, and heavy pressure to orient the branches and shape the crown. The secondary branches are guided and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period begins. In this way, the tertiary branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.4 m. In the leeward and windless places, the grafted seedlings are topped when they are 85-90cm tall, and the trunk height is kept at 80cm. 3-4 leaves in different directions and alternately growing in the middle and upper parts of the trunk are removed to promote the germination of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west and north. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached to reduce the impact of the southwest monsoon, terrain wind, and valley wind on the growth of fruit trees. When the main branch is 60cm long, the top is pinched, and 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branch are removed at the same time to promote germination and shoots, and keep 3 secondary branches at different angles and evenly distributed. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period is reached. In this way, the third-level branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated. The tree height is controlled at 1.7m.

[0073] S5. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, according to the fertility of the soil and the growth of the fruit trees, organic fertilizer is applied 4 times in spring, summer, autumn and winter every year in combination with land reform, once in each season, and the time, quantity and type of fertilization are the same as those described in step S4; pineapple sugar apples bloom in April and ripen in August, which are summer fruits. Then artificial pollination is carried out from 8:00 am to 16:00 pm. Then fruit management is carried out, and boron fertilizer and magnesium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves once during the fruit setting period and young fruit period, and the number of fruits to be retained is determined according to the growth of the fruit trees, the size of the crown and the number of fruiting branches. For fruit trees with medium growth, a crown diameter of less than 1.5m, and a small number of fruiting branches, 40-80 fruits are retained per plant; for fruit trees with good growth, a crown diameter of more than 1.5m, and a large number of fruiting branches, 80-180 fruits are retained per plant to ensure uniform distribution in the crown. All other overcrowded fruits, small fruits, diseased and insect-infested fruits, and deformed fruits are all thinned out. Then carry out pest control, use low-toxic and high-efficiency pesticides to control pineapple sugar-apple leaf spot, root rot, fruit rot, scale insects, etc., control once a month, and have drug resistance. The specific method is to mix and use any one of carbendazim (fungicide), methyl thiophanate (fungicide) and mancozeb (fungicide) with any one of imidacloprid (insecticide), spirotetramat (insecticide) and acetamiprid (insecticide) alternately, spray once a month, and the control effect is better. At the same time, the soil in the dry and hot valley area is generally deficient in potassium, magnesium, and boron, which is prone to physiological diseases of pineapple sugar-apple. For example, if potassium and magnesium are deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wither, and if boron is deficient, the leaves will turn yellow and wrinkled, the fruit will be deformed, stunted, and grow slowly. It should be observed and sprayed with potassium, magnesium, and boron elements in time for prevention and control, but excessive potassium fertilizers can easily cause cracked fruits. Then bag the fruit. After 2 months of pollination, bag the fruit when it is the size of an egg. It can prevent sunburn and improve the appearance and quality of the fruit. Then carry out fruit harvesting management. About 180 days after pollination, when the color of the pineapple sugar-apple fruit surface changes from green to yellow-green and the scales on the top of the fruit are smooth, it reaches the harvesting standard. At the same time, it should be determined according to the climate characteristics of the sales area and the length of transportation time. The maturity of the harvest in hot places is lower, and the maturity of the harvest in cold places is higher. A cold storage needs to be built to store and manage the harvested pineapple sugar-apple fruit and wait for sales.

[0074] Example 6 (conventional method)

[0075] S1. Small-scale gardening is carried out in the dry and hot valley area with water source and gentle slope. The land preparation is done in the form of holes or planting furrows. The specifications are: 80cm×80cm×60cm for holes and 60cm×50cm for planting furrows.

[0076] S2. Pineapple sugar-apple grafted seedlings were planted in February and March of the same year, with a spacing of 2×3m and 111 plants per mu. 5-10kg of organic fertilizer was applied to each plant during planting, and artificial irrigation was used. Water shortage and drought were often caused by insufficient water sources, which affected the growth and development of pineapple sugar-apple.

[0077] S3. After the seedlings survive, apply compound fertilizer once in May or June of the same year, with a dosage of 300-500g / plant.

[0078] S4. Shape young trees by pinching and removing leaves to cultivate a dwarfed, evenly branched umbrella-shaped crown. The specific method is to top the trunk when it is 40-50cm high and remove 3-4 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the trunk to retain 3-4 main branches. Pinch the top of the main branch when it is 50-60cm long and remove 2 leaves from the middle and upper parts of the main branch, leaving 2 secondary branches each. In this way, the next level of branches is cultivated and the tree height is controlled at 1.6-1.8m.

[0079] S5. Prune trees and prune them once every spring, when most of the buds sprout in mid-March. Cut the large branches on the top of the crown back to the 3rd or 4th level branches, leaving a stump of 20-30cm. The cuts should be distributed in an umbrella shape in the crown. For branches with an inner diameter of less than 0.5cm in the crown, choose appropriate positions to cut them back, leaving 2-4 nodes to wait for them to sprout and bear fruit. For weak branches, overcrowded branches or diseased and insect-infested branches, thin them out from the base, and when the stumps of the cut sprout 5-10cm, do the thinning work in time.

[0080] S6. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, apply fertilizer twice a year: apply compound fertilizer once in May and June, with a dosage of 500g / plant; apply base fertilizer once in October and November, with an application of 10kg / plant of organic fertilizer.

[0081] S7. Artificial pollination is carried out during the flowering period from 8:00 am to 18:00 pm.

[0082] S8. Bag the fruit when its diameter is 2-3cm.

[0083] S9. For pest and disease control, spray 800 times diluted 70% thiophanate-methyl or 50% carbendazim.

[0084] Experimental analysis

[0085] The test was carried out in Wuding County, Chuxiong Prefecture, Yunnan Province. Planting began in 2017, fruiting began in 2020, and the peak production period was entered in 2021. The fruits of the saplings in the first two years of planting were removed for the purpose of cultivating saplings. The test planted 3 mu of pineapple sugar-apple fruits according to the methods of Examples 1 to 5, 42 fruit trees per mu, and planted 126 pineapple sugar-apple fruits according to Example 6 (traditional method). Except for the contents recorded in Examples 1 to 5, the rest of the management was consistent with the traditional planting method. After entering the peak production period, the yield of the pineapple sugar-apple fruit trees planted according to Examples 1 to 5 was compared with the yield of Example 6 (traditional method) as shown in the table below.

[0086]

[0087] As shown in the above table, the use of the planting method of the present invention to plant pineapple sugar apples can greatly increase the yield. Compared with Example 6, the annual yield per mu of Examples 1 to 5 increases by 87.8%, and the economic benefit per mu increases by 17,920.3 yuan per mu per year. Compared with Example 6, the annual yield per mu of Example 1 can increase by up to 106.7%, and the economic benefit per mu increases by up to 21,799 yuan per mu per year. It plays an important role in developing and expanding the forestry industry in dry and hot valley areas, promoting the increase of income and wealth of the general public, and making important contributions to the local economic and social development.

[0088] Finally, it should be noted that the above preferred embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention rather than to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail through the above preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that various changes can be made in form and details without departing from the scope defined by the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple in dry and hot valley areas, characterized in that: The sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple in dry and hot valley areas comprises the following steps: S1. In the dry and hot valley area, water platforms are built along the contour lines according to the terrain and topography on sunny and semi-sunny slopes with a slope of less than 35 degrees. A water storage dam is built, and water is introduced into the water storage dam through pipes. Then, water is introduced into the planting land through pipes. A booster pump is installed on the pipe. Sprinkler irrigation pipes are set up in the planting land. A sprinkler head is set up for each seedling in the planting land. The sprinkler head is 40 cm above the ground and 8-10 cm away from the base of the seedling. S2. 2-3 months before planting the seedlings, combine land preparation with ground sheep manure, ground tobacco leaves and lime in a ratio of 15-20:3:1 to improve the soil on the flat land, and apply 19-24kg of fertilizer per pond; S3. Use healthy and strong pineapple sugar apple fruit seedlings to plant sparsely along the contour lines in the quasi-water platform, mix water-retaining agent into the cultivation soil, cover the surface with grass, and use a self-recording thermometer and soil moisture meter to measure the air temperature, air humidity and soil humidity in the garden. When the air humidity is lower than 55%, the soil humidity is lower than 18%, or the air temperature exceeds 35°C, sprinkle irrigation is carried out. The frequency of sprinkler irrigation is once every 3-5 days on sunny days, and the amount of water sprayed each time is 33-55kg / plant, and the soil is moistened by 15-35cm; S4. In February of the second year after the seedlings survive, the fifth generation of preferred pineapple sugar-apple scions are used for grafting. After the grafts survive and new leaves sprout, magnesium fertilizer, boron fertilizer and potassium fertilizer are sprayed on the leaves twice, with an interval of 15 days between the second and the first. After the seedlings survive, sheep manure, tobacco leaves, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are used for soil reform and fertilization. Specifically, crushed sheep manure, crushed tobacco leaves, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer are mixed in a ratio of 15-20:3:1:2:

2. Each seedling takes 23-28kg of the mixed fertilizer and mixes it with the soil within the projection range of the crown for fertilization. Fertilization is carried out once in March, June, September and December each year, and windproof measures are combined to organize the young tree shape to cultivate a regular and full crown. Among them, combining windproof measures to organize the young tree shape includes the following steps: (1) When the height of the grafted seedlings at the wind outlet is 15-20cm, the top is cut, leaving 10-15cm stumps, and 2-3 leaves in different directions and alternately growing are removed to promote the budding and formation of 2-3 main branches evenly distributed from different directions. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period begins. When the main branches are 55cm-65cm long, the top is pinched and 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branches are removed at the same time to promote budding and shoot growth and retain 3 secondary branches evenly distributed at different angles. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing, and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period begins. The tertiary branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated according to the method of cultivating secondary branches. The tree height is controlled at 1.35-1.45m; (2) When the height of the grafted seedlings in the leeward area is 85-90cm, the top is cut, and the main trunk height is kept at 75-85cm. 3-4 leaves in different directions and alternately growing in the middle and upper parts of the main trunk are removed to promote the budding and formation of 3-4 main branches evenly distributed from the east, south, west and north. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing and heavy pressure. The main branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period begins. When the main branches are 55-60cm long, the top is pinched and 3 leaves in the middle and upper parts of the main branches are removed to promote the budding and shoot growth, and 3 secondary branches are evenly distributed at different angles are retained. The branches are oriented and the crown is shaped by fiber pulling, fixing and heavy pressure. The secondary branches are fiber pulled and fixed until the crown is formed and the fruit-bearing period begins. The tertiary branches, i.e., fruiting branches, are cultivated according to the method of cultivating secondary branches. The tree height is controlled at 1.65-1.75m. S5. When the seedlings begin to bear fruit, use sheep manure, tobacco leaves, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate, and compound fertilizer to fertilize the soil. Specifically, mix crushed sheep manure, crushed tobacco leaves, lime, calcium magnesium phosphate and compound fertilizer in a ratio of 15-20:3:1:2:

2. Take 23-28kg of the mixed fertilizer for each seedling and mix it evenly with the soil within the projection range of the tree crown. Fertilize once in March, June, September and December each year. Spray magnesium fertilizer and boron fertilizer on the leaves twice each during the fruiting period, once at the beginning of fruit setting, and once during the fruit expansion period. Prune trees, adjust the production period in batches, carry out artificial pollination, fruit period management, fruit bagging, fruit harvesting management, and pest and disease control. Among them, the specific method of adjusting the production period in batches is at the end of April, mid-to-late May, and mid-to-late June respectively. In December, early July and late July, the main branches and secondary branches should be heavily pruned once, with the cuts evenly distributed in the crown, all flowers and summer fruits should be thinned out, and overcrowded branches, weak branches, diseased and insect-infested branches should be cut off from the base. At the same time, two buds should be left on the strong short-cut branches grown in the current year on the secondary and tertiary branches, and the leaves on the short-cut branches should be removed to promote tip germination; spray water on the roots and soil 1 hour before artificial pollination, increase the air humidity to 70-80%, choose the temperature to be 22-28℃, carry out artificial pollination from 18:30 in the evening to 22:30 at night on sunny days and from 16:30 in the afternoon to 20:30 at night on cloudy days, use a soft brush to take naturally mature pollen and immediately pollinate on the stigma of half-opened flowers, and continue pollination for 20 days.

2. The sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1, characterized in that: The sparse planting cultivation described in step S3 has a row spacing of 4×4m, 42 trees per mu.

3. The sparse planting method of pineapple sugar apple in dry and hot valley areas according to claim 1 is characterized in that: The pest control method in step S5 is to alternately mix any one of carbendazim, thiophanate-methyl and mancozeb with any one of imidacloprid, spirotetramat and acetamiprid, and spray once a month.

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