A kind of oyster mushroom cultivation substrate and its application in improving the antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance of oyster mushroom
By using components such as carbonized hawthorn core in the oyster mushroom cultivation matrix, the problems of improving the antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance of oyster mushrooms in the prior art have been solved, and significant performance improvement has been achieved.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- CN202411296886.9
- Authority / Receiving Office
- CN · China
- Patent Type
- Patents(China)
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-09-18
- Publication Date
- 2025-02-25
- Estimated Expiration
- 2044-09-18
AI Technical Summary
The prior art is difficult to effectively improve the antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance of oyster mushrooms, and the optimization selection of edible fungi cultivation substrates mainly depends on agricultural waste.
Oyster mushroom cultivation matrix including hawthorn core, cottonseed shell, wheat bran, lime and glucose was used, and the hawthorn core was treated by charring to improve its efficiency in the culture medium.
It significantly improves the antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance of oyster mushrooms, especially the carbonized hawthorn core performs excellently in improving antioxidant activity.
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Abstract
Description
Technical Field
[0001] The invention belongs to the technical field of fungus cultivation, and in particular relates to a pleurotus ostreatus cultivation substrate and an application thereof in improving the antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance of pleurotus ostreatus. Background Art
[0002] Oyster mushroom belongs to Fungi, Basidiomycetes, Agaricales, Pleurotus, and Pleurotus. Its composition includes mycelium and fruiting body, of which mycelium is a white filamentous structure, and the fruiting body is the edible part, which forms a spore structure. The fruiting body is covered with radially growing gills, and spores are distributed on the surface of the gills. The fruiting body development goes through four stages: primordium stage, differentiation stage, formation stage, and maturity stage. The protein content in Oyster mushroom is very rich, accounting for about 20%, which is 2.6 times that of eggs. The protein contains 18 kinds of amino acids, of which the content of 8 essential amino acids is 8.38%. Oyster mushroom is rich in various inorganic salts, including potassium, sodium, calcium, etc., in addition to mannitol, cellulose and B vitamins. Studies have shown that Oyster mushroom contains biologically active substances such as oyster mushroom (proteoglycan) and acidic polysaccharides, which have significant effects on health, longevity and diseases such as hepatitis, and also have certain effects on the prevention and treatment of cancer. Oyster mushrooms have the effects of dispelling wind and cold, relaxing muscles and bones, and can be used to treat symptoms such as numbness of hands and feet and blocked tendons. The protein in oyster mushrooms also has anti-cancer effects and can enhance the body's immune function. Eating mushrooms regularly can also help people improve their metabolic capacity. Therefore, improving the quality and performance of oyster mushrooms, such as nutritional quality, antioxidant activity, and growth performance, has practical value and significance.
[0003] At present, the research on the active ingredients and antioxidant activity of edible fungi is mainly focused on different edible fungi varieties, different cultivation substrates, different cultivation modes and fruiting bodies of different growth years. In particular, by optimizing the culture medium for the cultivation and growth of edible fungi, the yield and quality of fruiting bodies can be improved and the production cost can be reduced. At present, the optimization selection of cultivation substrates is basically direct waste from agricultural cultivation production such as crop straw.
[0004] Hawthorn kernel is the seed of hawthorn, accounting for about one-third of the mass of hawthorn. It is one of the important wastes generated during the deep processing of hawthorn, accounting for about 50% of the total waste. If not properly handled, it will cause environmental pollution. Hawthorn kernel contains lignans, simple phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, and volatile components. It has antioxidant, antibacterial, lipid-regulating, anti-inflammatory and nerve-protecting effects, and can be used in food, medicine, light industry and other fields; Hawthorn kernel is also rich in cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and other substances, which can be used as a high-quality carbon source for cultivating edible fungi, and has the potential to improve the yield, nutritional quality and antioxidant activity of edible fungi fruiting bodies. Summary of the invention
[0005] The present invention provides a mushroom cultivation substrate, comprising the following components in mass fractions:
[0006] Hawthorn kernel material 50%, cottonseed hull 33%, wheat bran 15%, lime 1%, glucose 1%.
[0007] The hawthorn kernel material is selected from the group consisting of hawthorn kernel powder, water-extracted hawthorn kernel, ethanol-extracted hawthorn kernel, ester-extracted hawthorn kernel, carbonized hawthorn kernel, mixed hawthorn kernel and whole hawthorn kernel; preferably, carbonized hawthorn kernel.
[0008] The carbonized hawthorn kernel is prepared by the following method:
[0009] Roast the hawthorn kernel at 180°C for 4 hours; then crush and pass through a 40-mesh sieve; add water at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, add a dissolving agent, and soak for 12 hours; adjust the pH to 5, preheat to 50°C; then add a mixed enzyme and enzymolysis for 10 hours; after the enzymolysis is completed, heat to 100°C and maintain for 30 minutes, cool to room temperature; filter, and the obtained hawthorn kernel residue precipitate is the carbonized hawthorn kernel.
[0010] In the above-mentioned method for preparing carbonized hawthorn kernels, the dissolution agent is selected from one or more of hydrochloric acid, lactic acid, sodium hydroxide, urea, and glycine; preferably lactic acid and glycine, and the mass ratio of lactic acid to glycine is 5:1.
[0011] In the above-mentioned method for preparing carbonized hawthorn kernels, the dosage of the dissolving agent is: based on 1 kg of hawthorn kernels, 60 g of the dissolving agent is added.
[0012] In the above-mentioned method for preparing carbonized hawthorn kernels, the mixed enzyme is: ligninase: cellulase: hemicellulase: pectinase = 5:4:3:3.
[0013] In the above-mentioned method for preparing carbonized hawthorn kernels, the amount of the mixed enzyme is selected from: taking 1 kg of hawthorn kernels as a reference, adding 100 g of the mixed enzyme.
[0014] The present invention provides the use of the above-mentioned oyster mushroom cultivation matrix in improving the antioxidant activity of oyster mushroom; the antioxidant activity is the ability to scavenge superoxide anion free radicals.
[0015] The present invention provides application of the above-mentioned oyster mushroom cultivation substrate in improving the nutritional quality of oyster mushroom; the nutritional quality is selected from one or more of protein, fat, polysaccharide and ash.
[0016] The present invention provides application of the above-mentioned oyster mushroom cultivation substrate in improving the growth performance of oyster mushroom; the growth performance is one or two of mycelium growth rate and fruiting body fresh weight.
[0017] The present invention provides a method for improving the performance of Pleurotus ostreatus, comprising the following steps:
[0018] Inoculate oyster mushroom blocks in a mushroom bag filled with the above-mentioned oyster mushroom cultivation substrate, place the mushroom bag in an environment of 20-22° C. and 70% humidity for cultivation to promote the growth of mycelium; after the mycelium fills the bag, place the mushroom bag in an environment of 15-20° C. and 80-90% humidity, with the front end of the cultivation bag opened to promote the production of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies.
[0019] The above-mentioned mushroom cultivation substrate bag is prepared by the following method:
[0020] According to the formula of the oyster mushroom cultivation medium, the materials are weighed; glucose is dissolved in water to obtain a glucose solution; then the remaining materials are fully mixed, the glucose solution is added, and the mixture is stirred to make the water content of the culture medium reach 60%; the fully mixed culture material is put into a spawn bag, which is sealed and sterilized.
[0021] The above-mentioned properties of Pleurotus ostreatus include one or more of antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance.
[0022] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
[0023] Adding hawthorn kernels to the cultivation medium can improve the antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance of Pleurotus ostreatus; especially when the hawthorn kernels are carbonized, the antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus can be significantly improved. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0024] Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the preparation of the cultivation medium for Pleurotus ostreatus;
[0025] Figure 2 The mycelium growth and growth rate of different treatment groups were measured; from left to right: CK group, ester extraction group, ethanol extraction group, mixed group, whole seed group, powdered group, water extraction group and carbonization group. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0026] In the present invention, the hawthorn kernels are derived from the hawthorn kernels discarded by Shandong Jianyuan Food Co., Ltd. in the production of hawthorn products. Hawthorn kernels are seeds of hawthorn, accounting for about one-third of the mass of hawthorn, and are one of the important wastes generated in the deep processing of hawthorn, accounting for about 50% of the total waste. If not properly handled, it will cause environmental pollution.
[0027] In the present invention, the Pleurotus ostreatus strain (mushroom block) used is Pleurotus ostreatus Xiahui No. 1.
[0028] Other materials used in the present invention, if not otherwise stated, can be obtained through commercial channels. Other terms used in the present invention, unless otherwise specified, generally have the meanings commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art. The present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with specific examples and with reference to data. The following examples are only for illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention in any way.
[0029] Example 1
[0030] 1. Prepare the cultivation medium for Pleurotus ostreatus
[0031] Weigh the materials according to the culture medium formula in Table 1. Dissolve glucose in water to obtain glucose solution; then mix the remaining materials (except glucose) thoroughly, add glucose solution, and mix well to make the water content of the culture medium reach 60%. Put the thoroughly mixed culture material into the culture bag, and make the weight of each bag of each treatment group equal, and then seal it with a sealing cap. Then put the culture bag into the autoclave for sterilization at 125℃ for 2h, and take it out for use.
[0032] Schematic diagram of the preparation of the cultivation medium for Oyster mushroom, Figure 1 shown.
[0033] Table 1 Different hawthorn kernel culture medium formula
[0034] serial number Treatment Group Hawthorn kernel (%) Cottonseed hulls (%) Wheat bran(%) lime(%) glucose(%) 1 CK 0 88 10 1 1 2 Grinding 50 33 15 1 1 3 Water extraction 50 33 15 1 1 4 Ethanol Extraction 50 33 15 1 1 5 Ester Extraction 50 33 15 1 1 6 Carbonization 50 33 15 1 1 7 mix 50 33 15 1 1 8 Whole seeds 50 33 15 1 1
[0035] In the above Table 1:
[0036] The hawthorn kernels in the powdered group are ground hawthorn kernels, which are prepared by the following method: crushing the hawthorn kernels with a grinder, passing through a 40-mesh sieve, and obtaining ground hawthorn kernels;
[0037] The hawthorn kernels in the water extraction group are water-extracted hawthorn kernels, which are prepared by the following method:
[0038] (1) Crushing: crush 1 kg of hawthorn kernels using a crusher and then pass through a 40-mesh sieve;
[0039] (2) Water extraction: add 2 kg of distilled water, reflux at 90 °C for 1 h, filter with gauze, add 2 kg of distilled water again, extract at 90 °C for 1 h, and filter under reduced pressure to obtain hawthorn kernel residue, i.e., water-extracted hawthorn kernel.
[0040] The hawthorn kernel of the ethanol extraction group is ethanol extracted hawthorn kernel, which is prepared by the following method:
[0041] (1) Crushing: crush 1 kg of hawthorn kernels using a crusher and then pass through a 40-mesh sieve;
[0042] (2) Ethanol extraction: add 2 kg of 75% ethanol, reflux at 60°C for 1 h, filter with gauze, add 2 kg of 75% ethanol again, extract at 60°C for 1 h, filter under reduced pressure to obtain hawthorn kernel residue, i.e. ethanol-extracted hawthorn kernel.
[0043] The hawthorn kernel of the ester extraction group is ester extracted hawthorn kernel, which is prepared by the following method:
[0044] (1) Crushing: crush 1 kg of hawthorn kernels using a crusher and then pass through a 40-mesh sieve;
[0045] (2) Ester extraction: add 2 kg of ethyl acetate, reflux and extract at 50°C for 1 h, filter with gauze, add 2 kg of ethyl acetate again, extract at 50°C for 1 h; filter under reduced pressure to obtain hawthorn kernel residue, i.e., ester-extracted hawthorn kernel.
[0046] The hawthorn kernels in the carbonized group are carbonized hawthorn kernels, which are prepared by the following method:
[0047] (1) Stir-frying: stir-fry 1 kg of hawthorn kernels at 180 °C for 4 h;
[0048] (2) crushing: crush the roasted hawthorn kernels using a crusher, and then pass through a 40-mesh sieve;
[0049] (3) Dissolution promotion: add 2 kg of distilled water, 50 g of lactic acid and 10 g of glycine at a material-liquid ratio of 1:2, and soak for 12 h;
[0050] (4) Enzymatic hydrolysis: adjust the pH to 5, preheat to 50°C; add 100 g of mixed enzyme (ligninase: cellulase: hemicellulase: pectinase = 5:4:3:3), and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 10 h;
[0051] (5) Inactivation: After the enzymatic hydrolysis is completed, heat to 100°C and maintain for 30 min, then cool to room temperature;
[0052] (6) Separating the hawthorn kernel residue: vacuum filtration to separate the precipitate from the enzymatic hydrolyzate; the obtained precipitate is the hawthorn kernel residue;
[0053] The hawthorn kernels of the mixed group are composed of the hawthorn kernels of treatment groups 2 to 6 in Table 1 above, wherein the hawthorn kernels of each treatment account for 10%.
[0054] The hawthorn kernels in the whole seed group refer to the original hawthorn kernels that have not been crushed.
[0055] 2. Cultivation of Oyster Mushroom
[0056] (1) Vaccination
[0057] Disinfect the inoculation environment in advance: put the sterilized fungus bags, inoculation tools, fungus (Xiahui No. 1 Oyster Mushroom), alcohol lamp, etc. into the inoculation box, seal it and ignite the disinfectant powder, and perform fumigation disinfection for at least 30 minutes.
[0058] First, disinfect your hands: After your hands enter the inoculation box, wipe your palms with an alcohol cotton ball.
[0059] Treatment of the culture: Open the culture bottle cap within 10cm of the alcohol lamp flame, burn the bottle mouth and tweezers with the outer flame, and then use tweezers to remove and discard a layer of aging mycelium on the surface of the bottle mouth.
[0060] Inoculation: Within 10cm of the alcohol lamp, remove the sealing cap on the fungus bag, burn the tweezers, then use the tweezers to pick up a walnut-sized fungus block and place it on the surface of the culture medium. Finally, use the flame of the alcohol lamp to burn the lower surface of the sealing cap and tighten it.
[0061] Cultivate mycelium under dark conditions: Take out the inoculated bags from the inoculation box and place them in the dark at a temperature of about 20°C for cultivation.
[0062] (2) Mycelium culture (mycelium development process)
[0063] After inoculation, place the bags at 20-22℃ and 70% humidity. After 10 days of cultivation, when the mycelium grows all over the inoculated surface of the bag (cover), use a marker to mark the mycelium growth position of each bag. Continue to cultivate for 7 days, 14 days, 21 days, and 28 days (one week, two weeks, three weeks, and four weeks), measure the length from the marked position to the front end of the mycelium growth, and mark it. After four weeks of cultivation after the mycelium cover, the mycelium growth rate of each treatment first increases steadily, reaches the highest growth rate in the third week, and begins to decrease in the fourth week; after the mycelium grows fully, the bag mouth is untied and placed on the shelf to prepare for inducing mushroom production.
[0064] (3) Fruiting body cultivation (mushroom production process)
[0065] When the mycelium fills the bag, open the bag and place it on the culture rack in turn. The temperature of the mushroom production environment is about 15℃ and the humidity is about 90%. Ventilate regularly to ensure fresh air. The fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus need strong scattered light. When the edges of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus are spread out and slightly rolled inward, they are harvested when they are about 70% mature, weigh the fresh weight, and dry them to weigh the dry weight.
[0066] 3. Antioxidant activity determination
[0067] Determination of superoxide anion free radical (DPPH) scavenging ability (pyrogallol method):
[0068] Positive control determination: Prepare VC solid sample into 0.4 mg / mL aqueous solution as stock solution, then dilute 2 times, 4 times, 8 times, 16 times to prepare different gradient dilutions of 0.2 mg / mL, 0.1 mg / mL, 0.05 mg / mL, 0.025 mg / mL, take 1 mL of each, add 5 mL of 50 mmol / L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.2), mix well and react at 25°C for 20 min, add 0.5 mL of 3 mmol / L pyrogallol solution, mix well and take 200 μL to react at 25°C for 5 min (measure the absorbance at 420 nm with an enzyme reader every 1 min, repeat 3 times for each concentration), immediately add 1 mL of 5 mol / L HCl to the original mixed solution to terminate the reaction, shake well, and react for 3 min; adjust to zero with distilled water, take 200 μL of the terminated reaction solution and measure the absorbance at a wavelength of 420 nm (A1). 1 mL of distilled water was used to replace the sample solution to measure the blank absorbance (A0). 0.5 mL of distilled water was used to replace the pyrogallol solution to measure the sample background absorbance (A2). VC was used as the positive control and the clearance rate was calculated according to the following formula:
[0069]
[0070] The superoxide anion radical scavenging rate was calculated by drawing a curve based on samples of different concentrations.
[0071] Take 5g of fresh samples of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated in each treatment group, grind them in liquid nitrogen, and take the ground liquid of the fresh samples of the ground fruiting bodies as the sample stock solution. Each treatment is repeated 3 times. The sample stock solution is diluted 2 times, 4 times, 8 times, and 16 times respectively, and the dilution multiple of VC to achieve a DPPH clearance rate of about 50% is used as the dilution multiple of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies. Under laboratory conditions, when the VC dilution multiple is 16 times, the DPPH clearance rate reaches 48%, so the 16-fold dilution multiple is selected for the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting body sample dilution multiple.
[0072] The measurement results are shown in Table 2:
[0073] Table 2 DPPH free radical scavenging rate of cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in each treatment group
[0074] Treatment Group DPPH clearance rate (%) CK 34.84±1.959 Grinding 52.87±2.078 Water extraction 54.04±3.357 Ethanol Extraction 55.90±3.945 Ester Extraction 59.15±2.392 Carbonization 92.71±4.89 mix 54.16±3.998 Whole seeds 42.41±1.436 VC 48.00±2.522
[0075] As shown in Table 2, the fresh ground liquid (16-fold dilution) of the 7 treatment groups cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies all had a certain DPPH scavenging ability, and the scavenging ability was higher than 34.84% of the control group. In addition, except for the whole seed group, the DPPH scavenging rate was lower than the positive control, and the DPPH scavenging rates of the other test groups were higher than the control group. In particular, the carbonization treatment group had an extremely significant effect, reaching a DPPH scavenging rate of more than 90% under the condition of 16-fold dilution. This shows that adding carbonized hawthorn kernels to the culture medium can significantly increase the antioxidant activity of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies, laying a foundation for the development of edible and medicinal mushroom products.
[0076] Example 2
[0077] Effects of different cultivation substrates on the growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium:
[0078] In a sterile environment, inoculate a walnut-sized oyster mushroom spawn block in a bag, and place the bag in an environment with a temperature of 20°C and a humidity of 70%. After the mycelium grows for 7-10 days, until the mycelium completely covers the seal of the cultivation bag, draw a line at the front end of the mycelium to mark it. After another 7 days of cultivation, calculate the mycelium growth length at the marked point and the mycelium growth rate.
[0079] The results of the test are as follows Figure 2 As shown in Table 3:
[0080] Table 3 Effects of different treatments on the growth rate of Pleurotus ostreatus mycelium
[0081]
[0082]
[0083] The results showed that Pleurotus ostreatus could grow under the culture medium of the seven treatment groups and the control group, but there were significant differences in the growth potential and growth rate of mycelium. Except for the mycelium growth rate of the powdered group, which was lower than that of the control group, the mycelium growth rates of the other treatment groups were higher than that of the control group, and the mycelium growth rates of the ester extraction group, carbonization group, and whole seed group were 1 mm / d higher than that of the control group. This shows that the addition of hawthorn kernels can promote the growth rate of mycelium. In particular, the carbonization treatment group increased the surface area and porosity of the hawthorn kernels, enhanced the respiration of mycelium, and improved the utilization efficiency of nutrients in the hawthorn kernels, greatly increasing the growth rate of mycelium. The powdered group may have affected the respiration of mycelium because the particles of the hawthorn kernels were too small after grinding, which reduced the growth rate of mycelium.
[0084] Example 3
[0085] Effects of different cultivation substrates on biological efficiency:
[0086] The bags full of fungi were placed in an environment of 15°C and 90% humidity for fruiting, and the total fresh weight of the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus in each treatment group was recorded. The biological efficiency of each treatment group was calculated.
[0087] The biological efficiency calculation formula is as follows:
[0088]
[0089] In the above formula, BE represents biological efficiency, Ffw represents the total fresh weight of mushroom fruiting bodies of five crops per bag in each treatment, and Sdw represents the dry weight of substrate per bag in each treatment.
[0090] The test results are shown in Table 4:
[0091] Table 4 Effects of each treatment group on the number of mushrooms that can be produced and the biological efficiency of Pleurotus ostreatus
[0092]
[0093] The results showed that the cultivation times of the grinding group, ester extraction group, carbonization group, mixed group and whole seed group were higher than those of the control treatment, and the mushroom production times of the whole seed group were as high as 7 times. In terms of biological efficiency, the biological efficiencies of the carbonization group and the mixed group were 121.48% and 117.38%, respectively, both higher than the 116.88% of the control group. The biological efficiencies of the remaining groups were lower than those of the control group, which may be because the carbonization group increased the surface area and porosity of the hawthorn kernel, enhanced the respiration of the hyphae, improved the utilization efficiency of the nutrients in the hawthorn kernel, and increased the yield of the fruiting body.
[0094] Example 4
[0095] Effects of different cultivation substrates on the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies:
[0096] 1. Determination of protein content
[0097] Refer to GB 5009.5-2016 and use the micro Kjeldahl method. First, nitrate the sample to be tested, accurately weigh 0.200g of the sample to be tested, add concentrated sulfuric acid and hydrogen peroxide successively, and then boil at high temperature until the nitrate solution is clear, cool and dilute to 50mL as the test solution. Start the nitrogen analyzer, set all parameters, take 10mL of the test solution into the digestion tube and move it into the instrument. Finally, calculate the nitrogen content and protein content.
[0098] 2. Determination of crude fat content
[0099] Refer to GB / T 6433-2006 and use Soxhlet extraction method. Accurately weigh the filter paper, take 0.5g of sample, wrap it with filter paper, put the filter paper bag at the bottom of the extraction tube, make it completely immersed in low-boiling point petroleum ether, turn on the heating device, heat the constant temperature water bath to 70℃~80℃ and extract continuously for 6h~12h. After extraction, weigh after drying, and calculate the crude fat content.
[0100] 3. Determination of polysaccharide content
[0101] The anthrone-sulfuric acid method is used for determination. Sugars can be dehydrated by concentrated sulfuric acid at a higher temperature to generate furfural or hydroxymethyl furfural, which are then reacted with anthrone C 14 H 10 O dehydrates and condenses to form furfural derivatives. Weigh 1-2g of sample, add ethanol to precipitate it, dissolve it in hot water in batches and make up the volume. Use a spectrophotometer to measure the absorbance of different concentrations of glucose standard solution at a wavelength of 620nm and draw a standard curve. Finally, use a spectrophotometer to determine the sugar content of the sample solution.
[0102] 4. Determination of ash content
[0103] The muffle furnace burning method is used. Weigh about 2.000g of sample and heat it on a high-temperature electric furnace to completely carbonize it until it is smokeless; then put it in a 550℃ high-temperature furnace and burn it for 4 hours. After the furnace temperature drops to 200℃, take out the sample and move it to a dryer to cool it to room temperature, weigh it and record it. Calculate the ash content.
[0104] The measurement results are shown in Table 5:
[0105] Table 5 Analysis of nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in each treatment
[0106]
[0107]
[0108] From Table 5, we can see that:
[0109] The protein content of Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in the groups with added hawthorn kernels was higher than that in the control group. Except for the water extraction group which was slightly higher than the control group, the protein content of the other groups exceeded 20%. This shows that adding hawthorn kernels to the culture medium can increase the protein content in Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies and further improve the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0110] Except for the fruiting bodies treated with powder and whole seeds, whose crude fat content was lower than that of the control group, the crude fat content of the other treatment groups was higher than that of the control group, especially the crude fat content of water extraction, ester extraction, carbonization and mixing was more than 5%, much higher than that of the control group. This shows that adding differently treated hawthorn kernels to the culture medium can increase the crude fat content in the fruiting bodies of Pleurotus ostreatus and further improve the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0111] Edible fungi polysaccharides have multiple biological activities and play an important role in reducing lipids, lowering blood sugar, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and regulating intestinal microorganisms. Therefore, polysaccharide content is also an important indicator for the study of fruiting body nutritional quality. As can be seen from Table 5, among all the treatment groups, the water extraction group had the highest polysaccharide content, which was 5.98%; in addition, the polysaccharide content of the grinding group, carbonization group, mixed group and whole seed group also exceeded 5%, which was much higher than 4.39% of the control group. This shows that adding hawthorn kernels to the culture medium can increase the polysaccharide content in the fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus and further improve the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus.
[0112] Various mineral elements are converted into oxides, sulfates, phosphates and other forms and exist in the ash, becoming components of the ash. As can be seen from Table 5, the ash content of the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies in the groups with added hawthorn kernels is higher than that in the control group, among which the ash content of the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies cultivated in the ethanol extraction group is the highest, at 7.09%. This shows that adding hawthorn kernels to the culture medium can increase the content of mineral nutrients in the Pleurotus ostreatus fruiting bodies, which is of great help in improving human immune function.
[0113] In summary, adding hawthorn kernels to the culture medium can accelerate the growth rate of mycelium, and some treatment groups can also improve the biological efficiency of fruiting bodies; at the same time, the addition of hawthorn kernels can also improve the quality of Pleurotus ostreatus, increase the crude protein, fat, polysaccharide and ash content of Pleurotus ostreatus, and improve the antioxidant capacity of Pleurotus ostreatus. Comprehensive mycelium growth rate, biological efficiency and fruiting body nutritional quality, it can be seen that carbonization and mixing treatments are superior to the control group in all aspects, and can be considered as the main treatment methods for cultivating edible fungi with hawthorn kernels in the future; although the biological efficiency of water extraction treatment is lower than that of the control group, the nutritional quality of fruiting bodies is higher than that of the control group, which can be used as the main treatment method for continuing to cultivate edible fungi after extracting active substances from hawthorn kernels, which not only obtains active substances in hawthorn kernels, but also realizes the recycling of hawthorn kernel by-products for cultivating edible fungi. In summary, hawthorn kernels can be used as a carbon source for cultivating high-quality Pleurotus ostreatus with high nutritional value.
[0114] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and does not limit the present invention in other forms. Any technician familiar with the profession may use the above disclosed technical content to change or modify it into an equivalent embodiment with equivalent changes. However, any simple modification, equivalent change and modification made to the above embodiment according to the technical essence of the present invention without departing from the technical solution of the present invention still belongs to the protection scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims
1. A mushroom cultivation substrate, characterized in that: The components include the following mass fractions: Hawthorn kernel material 50%, cottonseed hull 33%, wheat bran 15%, lime 1%, glucose 1%; The hawthorn kernel material is carbonized hawthorn kernel; The carbonized hawthorn kernel is prepared by the following method: The hawthorn kernel was fried at 180℃ for 4h; then crushed and passed through a 40-mesh sieve; water was added at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:2, a catalyst was added, and the mixture was soaked for 12h; the pH was adjusted to 5, and the mixture was preheated to 50℃; then a mixed enzyme was added and enzymolysis was performed for 10h; after the enzymolysis was completed, the mixture was heated to 100℃ and maintained for 30min, and then cooled to room temperature; filtered, and the obtained hawthorn kernel residue precipitate was the carbonized hawthorn kernel; The dissolution agents are lactic acid and glycine, and the mass ratio of lactic acid to glycine is 5:1; the dosage of the dissolution agent is: taking 1 kg of hawthorn kernel as a reference, adding 60 g of dissolution agent; the mixed enzyme is: ligninase: cellulase: hemicellulase: pectinase = 5:4:3:3; the dosage of the mixed enzyme is selected from: taking 1 kg of hawthorn kernel as a reference, adding 100 g of mixed enzyme.
2. Use of the oyster mushroom cultivation medium according to claim 1 in improving the antioxidant activity of oyster mushroom.
3. Use of the cultivation substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus according to claim 1 in improving the nutritional quality of Pleurotus ostreatus; the nutritional quality is selected from one or more of protein, fat, polysaccharide and ash.
4. Use of the cultivation substrate of Pleurotus ostreatus according to claim 1 in improving the growth performance of Pleurotus ostreatus; the growth performance is one or both of mycelium growth rate and fruiting body fresh weight.
5. A method for improving the performance of Pleurotus ostreatus, characterized in that: The steps include: Inoculate the oyster mushroom block in a mushroom bag containing the oyster mushroom cultivation substrate of claim 1, place the mushroom bag in an environment of 20-22° C. and 70% humidity for cultivation to promote the growth of mycelium; after the mycelium fills the bag, place the mushroom bag in an environment of 15-20° C. and 80-90% humidity, with the front end of the cultivation bag open, to promote the production of oyster mushroom fruiting bodies; The properties of Pleurotus ostreatus include one or more of antioxidant activity, nutritional quality and growth performance.
6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that The mushroom cultivation substrate bag is prepared by the following method: According to the formula of the cultivation medium for Oyster mushroom, the materials are weighed; glucose is dissolved in water to obtain a glucose solution; then the remaining materials are fully mixed, the glucose solution is added, and the mixture is stirred to make the water content of the culture medium reach 60%; the fully mixed culture material is put into a spawn bag, which is sealed and sterilized.